CN114081964B - 基于rns响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

基于rns响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114081964B
CN114081964B CN202111188986.6A CN202111188986A CN114081964B CN 114081964 B CN114081964 B CN 114081964B CN 202111188986 A CN202111188986 A CN 202111188986A CN 114081964 B CN114081964 B CN 114081964B
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辛洪亮
陆红丹
叶璐
李胜男
滕传慧
孙善波
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Nanjing Medical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统及其制备方法和应用。该靶向递药系统由氢化大豆磷脂(HSPC)、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)接枝的PEG化磷脂c(RGDyK)‑PEG2000‑DSPE及具备RNS响应性的脂质小分子包载神经保护剂咖啡酸苯乙酯而构成。其中,具备RNS响应性的脂质小分子通过邻苯二胺与十四酸的酸碱缩合反应制备。该载体系统具有良好的生物相容性、可有效延长在体内的循环时间等特点,又能通过c(RGDyK)肽靶向至缺血性脑卒中病灶部位,并响应于缺血再灌注灶蓄积的RNS释放出咖啡酸苯乙酯,使药物在脑缺血病灶部位速释,通过重塑“神经血管单元”,增强缺血性脑卒中的治疗作用,降低毒副作用。

Description

基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统及 其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种基于RNS响应的脑缺血再灌注靶向脂质体递药系统及其制备方法以及在抗缺血性脑卒中的应用。
背景技术
随着人口老龄化和生态环境恶化的加剧,脑部疾病的发病率正呈逐年上升的趋势,成为危害人类生命和健康的重大疾病。其中,脑卒中是一种高发病、高致死、高致残、高复发的脑血管血液循环障碍性疾病,已经成为人类仅次于心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤的第三大杀手,是美国第二大死亡原因和世界第三大潜在生命损失的原因。在我国,每年新发患者人数高达550万,现有带病生存的脑卒中患者1300万,如果患者预后不理想,将严重影响患者个人生活质量,给家庭和社会带来沉痛的负担。根据美国心脏协会(AHA)最近的数据,临床上约87%的脑卒中属于缺血性脑卒中。所以,对缺血性脑卒中的治疗药物研究具有重大的社会意义和临床价值。
缺血性脑卒中是由各种原因引起的局灶性脑血管血液供应障碍,从而导致脑组织缺血缺氧性病变坏死。临床上约80%的缺血性脑卒中源于脑动脉血栓形成所致的管腔狭窄甚至闭塞,导致局灶性急性脑供血不足而发病。目前,治疗缺血性脑卒中的黄金法则是恢复血液灌注。随着临床上建立完善的静脉溶栓及血管介入治疗,缺血性脑卒中患者的存活率增加了84%。但是,仍有40%的溶栓患者会面临再灌注脑损伤后致残的风险。此外,即使错过了溶栓时间窗,血栓栓塞后48小时内至少有l/3患者出现自发性再灌注,一周时增加到一半或更多。无论是溶栓后血流恢复,还是自发性再灌注,都可能造成脑组织损伤迅速加剧。因此,应用神经保护剂对可挽救的“缺血半暗带”受损脑组织进行修复,是缺血性脑卒中治疗的关键所在。
目前,缺血再灌注脑损伤的病理机制尚不完全清楚。大量研究证实,其病理过程复杂,涉及多因素、多环节的恶性级联过程,包括能量衰竭与兴奋毒性、神经炎症、自由基反应、细胞凋亡等,最终导致神经元损伤。首先,缺氧和能量供应不足导致急性期一系列应激反应,这不仅会导致细胞因子和自由基的上调,还会导致小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活。随后,胶质细胞分泌的细胞因子破坏血脑屏障(Blood-brain barrier,BBB)的完整性,含有中性粒细胞的白细胞迁移至脑实质,加重炎症反应,进一步引起脑水肿、血脑屏障损伤、神经元死亡。但长期以来,研究者们主要聚焦在神经保护剂开发上,近年来意识到脑缺血后神经元、胶质细胞、血管内皮细胞均发生不同程度的模式改变,从而提出“神经血管单元”(neurovascular unit,NVU)的学说。该理论强调脑缺血发生后神经元、神经胶质细胞、血管内皮细胞之间的密切相互作用:星形胶质细胞周围的血管网络提供了神经元和血脑屏障之间的连接;血管除了提供氧气和能量的经典作用之外,还能在神经元和胶质的发育过程中控制和指导各种细胞的迁移、分化和结构连接;血管周围小胶质细胞与大脑微血管系统接触,调节血脑屏障的功能;血管内皮钙粘蛋白(VE-cadherin)、血小板内皮细胞粘附分子-1(PECAM-1)、连环蛋白(catenins)是粘附连接最重要的组成部分,提供内皮细胞之间的结构完整性和附着,促进紧密连接的形成。
所以,将针对单一神经元的保护治疗,转向以“神经血管单元”的全面修复,是缺血性脑卒中药物开发的重要思路。
研究表明,核转录因子κB(NF-κB)是多种信号传导途径的汇聚点,可调节500多个基因的表达,涉及到细胞转化、细胞增殖和凋亡等,与炎症、肿瘤和代谢性疾病等发生密切相关。在缺血再灌注脑损伤的过程中,NF-κB信号通路同样起到重要作用,它存在于神经元、血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞等“神经血管单元”的细胞中,并作为微环境传感器控制细胞的存活。咖啡酸苯乙酯是咖啡酸的天然衍生物,具有儿茶酚结构,显示出较强的抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节等作用。最重要的是,咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)是一种NF-κB特异性抑制剂,能够通过抑制NF-κB通路减少一氧化氮的释放,调节细胞因子水平,减轻肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、神经酰胺、过氧化氢(H2O2)等因子侵袭诱发的多种炎症,且具有良好的神经保护作用。因此,本发明拟选择CAPE作为模型药物,重塑缺血再灌注脑损伤灶的“神经血管单元”,提高缺血性脑卒中的治疗作用。
然而许多神经保护剂在体外显示出很好的神经修复作用,但是体内或者临床试验结果却往往令人失望,究其原因主要是血脑屏障的存在。且NF-κB信号通路不仅存在于“神经血管单元”组成细胞中,而且存在几乎所有的哺乳动物细胞中,无选择性抑制NF-κB信号通路可能导致严重的免疫抑制性疾病。所以,提高神经保护剂的BBB渗透性及靶向能力是急需解决的重要问题。近年来发现,通过转铁蛋白受体介导、低密度脂蛋白受体介导、葡萄糖转运体介导、白介素13α2受体介导、穿膜肽介导等手段可以显著提高药物的BBB靶向能力。整合素是细胞表面粘附分子家族的重要成员之一,由α和β和两种亚基以非共价键形式结合而成的异二聚体跨膜糖蛋白受体。其中,整合素αvβ3是整合素家族的重要成员,在成人脑内正常的毛细血管内皮细胞上低表达甚至不表达,但缺血缺氧条件下,可以诱导其表达,参与血管的重塑和新生。通过灵长类脑中脉栓塞模型(MCAO)显示:在缺血区,整合素αvβ3在MCAO后2小时开始出现,并且仅局限在缺血区的直径为30~50μm之间的动脉血管中表达。含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp,RGD)序列的三肽能够特异性地识别含有αv亚基的整合素家族,具有高度亲和力,能有效地促进细胞的粘附,尤其对血管内皮细胞具有良好的亲和力和靶向性,因此,我们制备以整合素αvβ3特异性配体肽c(RGDyK)修饰的递药系统,将CAPE精准递送至缺血再灌注脑损伤的“神经血管单元”,并在αvβ3介导下,促进内皮细胞的跨膜转运,降低机体正常组织细胞的分布与摄取。
当递药系统达到病灶后,在靶区的可控智能释放,也是影响药物作用的重要因素。利用疾病病灶病理性异常微环境例如ROS、pH等作为释药开关,是递药系统智能释放的重要手段。研究显示:脑缺血条件下,兴奋性氨基酸(如谷氨酸)过度释放,引起N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)的过度激活,通过NMDAR-PSD-95-nNOS途径病理性释放一氧化氮。此外,在缺血期间,诱导性一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)活性普遍增强,导致以NO、ONOO-为代表的活性氮自由基(RNS)过量产生并病理性蓄积,发生硝化应激而损伤神经元。所以,作为缺血再灌注脑区特异性的病理微环境,RNS可以作为再灌注损伤灶的生物响应释药的开关分子。邻苯二胺基结构可以与RNS快速反应,生成酰胺衍生的苯并三唑结构,并自发水解,借助这个反应机理,将含有邻苯二胺基结构的脂质引入脂质体膜中,构建能够响应RNS刺激释药的药物递送系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用缺血性脑卒中病灶部位过度产生的RNS微环境条件,以及特异性配体肽c(RGDyK)作为“神经血管单元”靶向功能分子,设计构建一种治疗缺血性脑卒中的RNS响应释药智能载体。该递药系统具有良好的生物相容性、显著延长在体内的循环时间等优点,又能高效靶向于损伤的“神经血管单元”并促进其BBB渗透,在缺血半暗带,以RNS为智能释药开关,使之在脑缺血病缺血半暗带部位速释神经保护剂,有效降低CAPE的系统脱靶毒性,提高抗缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统,由该靶向递药系统以氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺为原料,包载咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)制备得到;其中,氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺及CAPE的质量比为59:33:2:6:12。上述制备的基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统即咖啡酸苯乙酯脂质体呈球形或类球形粒子,形态较为规整,大小比较均匀,有较明显的脂质双分子层结构,平均粒径约为180nm。
优选c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE是利用巯基化的c(RGDyk)肽与马来酰亚胺化的磷脂(Mal-PEG2000-DSPE)反应得到;上述c(RGDyK)肽包含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp,RGD)氨基酸序列。
优选N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺通过邻苯二胺与十四酸反应得到。
上述N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺的制备方法包括以下步骤:
将十四酸溶解在四氢呋喃中,再加入6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HCTU)搅拌10分钟;将邻苯二胺溶于乙腈中,再加入上述溶液搅拌15分钟后,加入三异丙醇胺,混合物在室温下搅拌过夜以确保完全反应;旋转蒸发除去除有机溶剂,粗产物经过萃取后经硅胶色谱柱纯化;所述十四酸和邻苯二胺的摩尔比为1:1。所述的硅胶色谱柱层析纯化步骤中,所用洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合物,所述的石油醚:乙酸乙酯的体积比为2:1。
优选所述的十四酸与6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、三异丙醇胺的摩尔比为1:1.2:3。
上述靶向配体c(RGDyK)肽的制备方法包括以下步骤:利用c(RGDyk)肽片段上半胱氨酸残基上的巯基与活泼的马来酰亚胺化的磷脂(Mal-PEG2000-DSPE)通过共价结合连接,得到c(RGDyK)肽接枝的聚乙二醇-磷脂酰乙醇胺(c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE);所述Mal-PEG2000-DSPE与c(RGDyk)肽的摩尔比为1:1~5。
所述的c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE具体制备步骤为:将c(RGDyk)肽溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,将Mal-PEG2000-DSPE溶于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,将上述两种溶液混合后,在氮气保护下磁力搅拌反应,待Mal-PEG2000-DSPE反应完全后,通过透析法除去过量未反应的c(RGDyk)肽和DMF,冷冻干燥,得到c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE导向功能化合物。所述Mal-PEG2000-DSPE与c(RGDyk)肽的摩尔比为1:1~5;所述磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH为7.28-7.40;所述氮气保护下磁力搅拌反应时间为8~16小时。
上述脂质递药系统的制备方法包括以下步骤:采用薄膜水化法制备,将氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺、CAPE以一定的比例溶解于有机溶剂中,使用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂后,真空干燥过夜。将干燥的脂质膜在37℃的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中水合1h,超声处理15分钟,进一步使用探头超声80s,经微孔滤膜过滤后,除去未包封的CAPE,得到载有CAPE的RNS响应性靶向脂质体。
所述氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)-PEG2000-DSPE及N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺的质量比为59:33:2:6,所述有机溶剂为氯仿与甲醇的混合溶液,体积比为3:1;所述微孔滤膜孔径分别为0.8μm和0.22μm。
在本发明中,c(RGDyk)肽可以识别并结合受损神经血管单元表面的整合素αvβ3,通过αvβ3介导内吞可促进脂质体的BBB渗透能力。因此,以c(RGDyk)肽作为抗缺血脑卒中递药系统的靶向功能多肽,具有非常大的应用潜力。当载体系统携带咖啡酸苯乙酯进入缺血病灶后,需要快速释放药物,保证咖啡酸苯乙酯发挥作用。所以,我们在构建该递药系统时引入了具有RNS响应的脂质小分子,在缺血再灌注灶蓄积的RNS刺激下,脂质递药系统脂膜中的邻苯二胺类脂水解,脂质双分子层曲率变化和区域失稳,CAPE智能释放。
对本发明制备的用于抗缺血脑卒中治疗的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质递药系统进行了体内外评价:
对本发明制备的c(RGDyk)肽修饰的基于RNS响应的脑缺血再灌注靶向脂质体递药系统进行了血脑屏障渗透实验、体外神经保护作用考察、体内靶向性研究、体内药效学研究,结果表明,将咖啡酸苯乙酯制备成主动靶向递药系统后,不仅能大大提高其溶解性,减少毒副作用,还可以增加咖啡酸苯乙酯的靶向性;经c(RGDyk)肽修饰后,显著增加了该脂质递药系统血脑屏障跨膜转运能力及缺血病灶部位的蓄积,在载体与药物的共同作用之下,增强神经保护作用,调控小胶质细胞极化,达到重塑神经血管单元的目的。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明针对缺血再灌注脑损伤多个关键环节进行综合治疗,以重塑“神经血管单元”为目标的药物递送策略,为整体研究缺血再灌注脑损伤及其保护机制、寻找临床治疗的新靶点提供依据。
2、本发明构建的基于RNS响应的脑缺血再灌注靶向脂质体递药系统,因氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇等材料而具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性,而且具有PEG长循环特性;同时掺杂了邻苯二胺类脂,由于CAPE与磷脂亲水链的疏水作用,该脂质递药系统在循环过程稳定性好、泄露少。
3、本发明采用特异性配体肽c(RGDyK)作为“神经血管单元”靶向功能分子,高效介导载体系统靶向于损伤的“神经血管单元”并增加脂质体的血脑屏障通透性,可以显著提高CAPE药物向脑内的递送,有效降低脱靶毒性,从而提高抗缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果。
4、本发明构建的基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统,当其在整合素αvβ3介导下靶向缺血再灌注损伤的“神经血管单元”后,以病灶部位蓄积的RNS为智能释药开关,在RNS刺激下脂质双分子层曲率变化和区域失稳,既实现了CAPE智能释放,又符合CAPE体内时空与量的递送要求。
附图说明
图1为基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统的透射电镜图;
图2为实施例2基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体外释放图;
图3为实施例3基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统的体外血脑屏障渗透性图;
图4为实施例4的基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统的细胞增殖图;
图5为实施例5基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统治疗缺血性脑卒中体内荧光分布图(左)及其半定量图(右);
图6为实施例6基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统治疗缺血性脑卒中行为学评分图;
图7为实施例6基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统治疗缺血性脑卒中脑切片染色图;
图8为实施例6基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统治疗缺血性脑卒中梗死面积定量图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,具体实施例是在本发明的优选条件下进行。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。其中,c(RGDyk)肽采购于吉尔生化有限公司(中国上海);Mal-PEG2000-DSPE购Nanocs Inc(中国上海)。
实施例1
1)N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺的制备:
将十四酸(10mmoL)溶解在四氢呋喃(150mL)中,置于圆底烧瓶中,再加入6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HCTU)(12mmoL)搅拌10分钟;将邻苯二胺(10mmoL)溶于乙腈(10mL)中,再加入上述溶液搅拌15min后;加入三异丙醇胺(30mmoL),混合物在室温下搅拌过夜以确保完全反应。旋转蒸发除去除有机溶剂,粗产物经过萃取后以乙酸乙酯:石油醚(2:1)为洗脱剂色谱纯化。
其中,通过核磁共振图谱测得N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺的结构式为:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δ):δ:0.795-0.835(t,3H,CO(CH2)12CH3),1.162-1.270(m,20H,Ar-COCH2CH2(CH2)10CH3),1.499-1.576(m,2H,CH2CH2(CH2)10CH3),2.230-2.278(t,2H,CH2CH2(CH2)10CH3),4.779(s,2H,Ar-NH2),6.459-7.116(m,4H,ArH),9.029(s,1H,Ar-NH)。
2)c(RGDyK)肽的制备:
将c(RGDyk)肽溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4,1mL),将Mal-PEG2000-DSPE溶于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,1mL)中,将上述两种溶液混合于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中(8mL),在氮气保护下磁力搅拌反应8~16小时,待Mal-PEG2000-DSPE反应完全后,通过透析法除去过量未反应的c(RGDyk)肽和DMF,冷冻干燥,得到c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE导向功能化合物。
3)基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统的制备:
采用薄膜水化法,将CAPE(12mg)与氢化大豆磷脂(59mg)、胆固醇(33mg)、c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE(2mg)、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺(6mg)共同溶解于12mL氯仿与甲醇的混合有机溶剂(3:1,v/v)中,使用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂后,真空干燥过夜得到脂质膜,将干燥的脂质膜在37℃的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中水合1h,超声处理15分钟,进一步使用探头超声80s,经0.8μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤后,除去未包封的CAPE,得到载有CAPE的RNS响应性靶向脂质体。
用透射电镜表征其形态见图1。图中可观察该脂质体递药系统呈球形或类球形粒子,形态较为规整,大小比较均匀,有较明显的脂质双分子层结构,平均粒径约为180nm。
实施例2基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体外释放
采用透析法考察脂质体递药系统中香豆素-6的体外释放行为,其中包载香豆素-6的脂质体制备方法按照实施例1进行。本释放实验设计香豆素-6完全释放后介质中的浓度为20μg/mL,以保证药物释放是在漏槽状态下进行。释放介质分别为含0.5%吐温-80的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.4)制备的饱和NO溶液和0.5%吐温-80的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.4),精密移取R-Lipo-C6溶液2mL置于预膨胀的透析袋内(MWCO=2.50kDa),扎紧袋口,放入装有25mL释放介质的50mL EP管中,于恒温振荡箱(37℃,150rpm)中进行释放实验,分别于0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、6、8、12、24和48h时间点吸取介质0.5mL,同时补充等量恒温的新鲜释放介质。取出的介质经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,采用荧光酶标仪测定释放样品中的香豆素-6浓度。累积释放量(Qn)和累积释放百分率(F%)按照公式(1)(2)进行:
Figure BDA0003300431040000091
Figure BDA0003300431040000092
式中:Qn:各时间点的累积释放量;F%:各时间点的累积释放百分率;Cn为第n个取样时间点的实测药物浓度;V0为溶出介质总体积;Vi为每次取样体积;Ci为第i个取样时间点实测药物浓度;Q0为药物总量。
以时间t(h)为横坐标,释放百分率F(%)为纵坐标,作出脂质体在不同介质中的释放曲线。见图2。
实施例3
基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体外BBB渗透性考察
首先建立Transwell单层细胞模型:bEnd.3细胞以5×104细胞/孔的密度铺种于Transwell细胞培养小室(孔径为1.0μm,表面积为0.33cm2)中,置于24孔板内常规培养3天,细胞融合度达到90%时,吸弃培养液,上下室均更换为含有103nmol/L氢化可的松的DMEM培养液,培养3天,使细胞连接蛋白紧密,形成致密的单细胞层。吸弃Transwell小室中的培养液,建立bEnd.3细胞糖氧剥夺培养模型(Oxygen-glucose deprivation,OGD),即PBS洗涤后换用无糖培养基在三气培养箱中培养12h,再换为完全培养基复氧4h。OGD损伤后用PBS漂洗两次,分别加入纯DMEM配制的靶向脂质体(R-Lipo-CAPE)、非靶向脂质体(Lipo-CAPE)以及游离CAPE。同时另一24孔板中加入纯DMEM接收液,将Transwell小室转移其中,37℃水浴振摇,分别于2h、6h、12h吸取下层培养液冷冻干燥后甲醇复溶,离心取上清,HPLC测定CAPE含量并计算累计渗透率,考察整合素αvβ3介导R-Lipo-CAPE体外BBB渗透性作用。见图3。
实施例4
基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体外神经保护作用研究
将对数培养期的PC-12细胞按1×104个细胞/孔的密度均匀接种于96孔板中,常规培养24小时后,放置于三气培养箱中OGD 6h,PBS洗涤细胞单层两遍,分别加入DMEM配制的RNS响应脂质体(R-Lipo-CAPE)、非RNS响应脂质体(Rn-Lipo-CAPE)、空白脂质体(R-Lipo)和游离CAPE制剂,常规培养24小时后,每孔加入20μL CCK-8溶液,再放回孵箱中继续孵育1-4h,450nm处检测各孔的吸光度值,按照公式(3)计算细胞增殖率。结果见图4。
Figure BDA0003300431040000101
实施例5
基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体内分布及靶向性考察
C57B6/J健康雄性小鼠,随机分为两组:非靶向递药系统组(Lipo-CAPE)及靶向递药系统组(R-Lipo-CAPE),每组分别于脑损伤后,分别尾静脉注射Cy5荧光标记的相应处方。于给药后2h、8h和12h后,小动物活体成像仪实时观察脂质体在小鼠体内的分布情况,见图5左。通过Region-Of-Interest(ROI)analysis进行半定量分析,见图5右。由图可知,在不同时间点,R-Lipo-CAPE组脑内的荧光强度均明显强于Lipo-CAPE组,且随着时间的增长,Lipo-CAPE组荧光强度逐渐减弱,而R-Lipo-CAPE组依然有较强的蓄积,该结果表明c(RGDyK)肽修饰后能增加递药系统在脑部的主动靶向与蓄积。
实施例6
基于RNS响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统体内药效学研究
C57B6/J健康雄性小鼠,随机分为7组:假手术组(Sham)、生理盐水组(Saline)、游离CAPE组、空白载体组(R-Lipo)、非靶向组(Lipo-CAPE)、非RNS响应组(Rn-Lipo-CAPE)及RNS响应的靶向递药系统组(R-Lipo-CAPE),每组分别于脑损伤后,分别尾静脉注射相应处方,模型组和假手术组注射生理盐水。在脑缺血再灌注损伤24h后,根据Zea-Longa建立的评价神经功能缺损程度的五级四分法对经术后治疗的MCAO小鼠进行评分。神经功能评分结果见图6,可以看出R-Lipo-CAPE组的小鼠较MCAO组有较轻的神经功能损伤,统计学差异显著(P<0.01)。
缺血再灌注术后24h,断头取脑,将新鲜大脑置于培养皿上,于-20℃冰箱速冻20min至脑微硬,行切片操作:横断面由前至后,取视交叉前3mm后大脑作连续冠状切片(每片厚约1mm/片),共取5片。将切片置于1%(w/v)TTC染色液中,37℃恒温孵育约30min至肉眼观察梗死区脑组织呈白色而正常脑组织呈现鲜红色,见图7。计算梗死面积百分比:梗死区域面积Tn/梗死区域所在半脑面积T’n×100%,其中,Tn表示每单个脑切片上梗死面积之和,T’n表示每单个脑切片梗死所在半脑面积之和(n=1~5)。结果见图8。TTC染色结果脑中玫红色部位为正常脑组织,白色部位为梗死区域,假手术组未见梗死区域,生理盐水组有较大程度的损伤,而R-Lipo-CAPE组的梗死面积可见明显减小,说明R-Lipo-CAPE对脑损伤的保护作用明显。由大脑梗死灶面积对比图可见,R-Lipo-CAPE组较生理盐水组可以明显减少缺血梗死面积,统计学差异显著(P<0.001)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种基于活性氮自由基响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统,其特征在于:该靶向脂质体递药系统以氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺为原料,包载咖啡酸苯乙酯制备得到;其中,氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyK)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺与咖啡酸苯乙酯质量比为59:33:2:6:12;所述的c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE是利用c(RGDyk)肽片段上半胱氨酸残基上的巯基与Mal-PEG2000-DSPE通过共价结合连接,得到c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE;所述Mal-PEG2000-DSPE与c(RGDyk)肽的摩尔比为1:1~5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的靶向脂质体递药系统,其特征在于:所述的N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺通过邻苯二胺与十四酸酸碱反应得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的靶向脂质体递药系统,其特征在于所述的N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺制备步骤为:将十四酸溶解在四氢呋喃中,再加入6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯搅拌10分钟;将邻苯二胺溶于乙腈中,再加入上述溶液搅拌15 分钟后,加入三异丙醇胺,混合物在室温下搅拌过夜以确保完全反应;旋转蒸发除去除有机溶剂,粗产物经过萃取后经硅胶色谱柱纯化;所述十四酸和邻苯二胺的摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的靶向脂质体递药系统,其特征在于所述的硅胶色谱柱纯化步骤中,所用洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合物,所述的石油醚:乙酸乙酯体积比为2:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的靶向脂质体递药系统,其特征在于所述的十四酸与6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、三异丙醇胺的摩尔比为1:1.2:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的靶向脂质体递药系统,所述的c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE制备步骤为:将c(RGDyk)肽溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,将Mal-PEG2000-DSPE溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,将上述两种溶液混合于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,在氮气保护下磁力搅拌反应8~16小时,待Mal-PEG2000-DSPE反应完全后,通过透析法除去过量未反应的c(RGDyk)肽和二甲基甲酰胺,冷冻干燥;其中,Mal-PEG2000-DSPE与c(RGDyk)肽的摩尔比为1:1~5;所述磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH为7.28-7.40。
7.一种权利要求1所述的基于活性氮自由基响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将氢化大豆磷脂、胆固醇、c(RGDyk)-PEG2000-DSPE、N-(2-氨基苯基)十四酰胺及咖啡酸苯乙酯以质量比为59:33:2:6:12的比例共同溶解于体积比为3:1氯仿与甲醇的混合有机溶剂中,蒸发除去有机溶剂后,真空干燥过夜得到干燥的脂质膜,将干燥的脂质膜在37 ℃的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中水合1 h,再超声处理15分钟,使用探头超声80 s,依次经0.8 μm和0.22 μm的微孔滤膜过滤除去未包封的咖啡酸苯乙酯。
8.一种权利要求1所述的基于活性氮自由基响应的“神经血管单元”调控靶向脂质体递药系统在制备抗缺血性脑卒中的药物中的应用。
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