CN114079158A - Method for establishing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system - Google Patents

Method for establishing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system Download PDF

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CN114079158A
CN114079158A CN202010845985.3A CN202010845985A CN114079158A CN 114079158 A CN114079158 A CN 114079158A CN 202010845985 A CN202010845985 A CN 202010845985A CN 114079158 A CN114079158 A CN 114079158A
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antenna
millimeter wave
array antenna
base station
array
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李学智
李启民
王柏仁
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole

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Abstract

The invention mainly discloses a method for building an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station, which is applied to building a millimeter wave base station system comprising an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit in a region, wherein the antenna structure comprises a plurality of array antenna devices consisting of M multiplied by N antenna components, and the array antenna devices are carried by a support object so as to be arranged at a plane central point in the region, so that the plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices arranged on the wall surfaces of a plurality of buildings in the region are all in a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure, and thus, the millimeter wave antenna devices and the array antenna devices have high-quality millimeter wave wireless communication.

Description

Method for establishing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication antenna architecture, and more particularly, to a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station and a millimeter wave base station system having the antenna structure.
Background
With the popularization of online streaming services, cloud storage and internet of things devices, mobile data traffic grows continuously. In order to meet the huge demand of future mobile data transmission bandwidth, the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) utilizes millimeter waves with an operating frequency between 30GHz and 300GHz to realize frequency band wireless communication with high data transmission rate. Currently, Phased array antennas (Phased array antennas), array antennas using full digital large-scale multiple input/output (full digital multiple input/output) technology, and array antennas using Hybrid beamforming (Hybrid beamforming) are the main collocated antenna architectures of millimeter wave (5G) base stations.
Although millimeter wave communication has a large bandwidth to provide a high data transmission rate, it also has a high propagation loss due to its high frequency. Therefore, when millimeter waves are transmitted in air, the energy attenuation of the millimeter waves is proportional to the transmission distance. Therefore, the antenna architecture of the mm wave base station usually employs an antenna array, and then uses a beam forming technique (Beamforming) to make the radiation pattern of the antenna array have an alignment angle. Meanwhile, because millimeter waves easily affect the communication quality due to the blocking of buildings or people, or the shielding of objects in the application environment, the angle coverage of the radiation pattern of the antenna array of the millimeter wave base station becomes the design key point of the antenna architecture.
In short, to improve the coverage of the 5G network using millimeter waves to realize wireless communication, more millimeter wave base stations must be deployed. For example, it is planned that millimeter wave base stations are installed in traffic lights and street lamps abroad, and it is desirable to improve the coverage of the 5G network. Unfortunately, millimeter waves cannot penetrate buildings and thus cannot provide wireless networks to wireless networking devices located within the buildings, and therefore, a millimeter wave receiving antenna must be provided on an outer wall of each building and electrically connected to one wireless network providing device, such as a wireless AP or a wireless router, provided within the building.
When a small millimeter wave base station system is arranged in a specific area in a city, a base with a specific height can be arranged at the central point of an intersection, and then the small millimeter wave base station system is carried by the base. Or the small millimeter wave base station system is arranged on a traffic light on a road or a street lamp beside a sidewalk. However, experience has shown that since a plurality of buildings (i.e., buildings) erected in the specific area all have different heights, some buildings are inevitably not covered by the radiation pattern of the antenna array, which is a dead space for wireless signal transmission/reception.
From the above description, there is a need in the art for a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station, wherein the method is applied to construct a millimeter wave base station system including an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit in a region. The antenna structure comprises a plurality of array antenna devices consisting of M multiplied by N antenna components, and the array antenna devices are carried by a support object so as to be arranged at a plane central point in the area, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices arranged on the wall surfaces of a plurality of buildings in the area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure, and high-quality millimeter wave wireless communication is realized between the millimeter wave antenna devices and the array antenna devices.
It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter wave base station antenna system established by the establishment method of the invention does not need to be carried with any phase shifter; therefore, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the invention does not generate additional insertion loss and heat loss in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter wave wireless signals, thereby providing stable wireless communication quality. Meanwhile, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the invention does not use a phase shifter, so the calculation burden of a signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.
To be more specific, in the case of the implementation method of the present invention, a millimeter wave base station system including an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit can be implemented in any kind of application area, such as: an indoor environment area with a wide open area, an outdoor environment area with a wide open area, a shone street with a wide open area, an urban area with a plurality of towering buildings, or a narrow alley, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices in the application area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure, and high-quality millimeter wave wireless communication can be achieved with one array antenna device of the antenna structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an embodiment of a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station, which is applied to construct the antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station in an application area, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices disposed on wall surfaces of a plurality of buildings in the application area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure; the construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) the antenna structure is carried by a support in the application area and comprises a plurality of array antenna devices consisting of M multiplied by N antenna components; wherein, M and N are respectively the number of rows and the number of columns of the antenna components, and are positive integers;
(2) the antenna structure is provided with a first three-dimensional space coordinate, and the millimeter wave antenna devices are respectively provided with a second three-dimensional space coordinate;
(3) calculating a spherical space coordinate of each millimeter wave antenna device according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate;
(4) calculating the row arrangement number and the column arrangement number of the antenna elements included in each array antenna device and a direction angle and an elevation angle of an antenna radiation field pattern of the array antenna device according to the following formula (1), thereby adjusting the direction angle and the elevation angle of each array antenna device;
formula (1):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000032
is a direction angle of space, theta is an elevation angle of space,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000033
Is the direction angle of alignment of the m-th array antenna, theta'mIn order to be directed at an elevation angle,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000034
is a directional gain pattern of the array antenna device, and
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000035
is an element gain pattern of the antenna element (element).
In an embodiment, the support may be a support stand, a support pole, a utility pole, a traffic light, a street light, or a building.
In one embodiment, M antenna elements of each of the array antenna devices are arranged along a horizontal direction, and N antenna elements of each of the array antenna devices are arranged along a vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the support is set up at a planar central point of the application area, so that the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x-0, y-0, z-z)0) (ii) a Wherein the center point coordinate of the m-th array antenna is (x'm,y′m,z′m)，
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000041
z′m＝r′0cosθ′m+z0M is a positive integer and z0The mounting height of the array antenna device at the center point of the support is shown.
In one embodiment, the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x'm,y′m,z′m) In the case of (2), a plurality of the array antenna devices have the same radial distance (radial distance), and the radial distanceIs calculated by the following formula (2):
formula (2):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000042
in one embodiment, each of the array antenna devices includes a substrate and a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the substrate, and the substrate has a curved surface with a radius of curvature equal to the radial distance.
In one embodiment, the second three-dimensional space coordinate is (x)n,yn,zn) And it is calculated by using the following formulas (3), (4) and (5):
formula (3):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000043
formula (4):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000044
formula (5):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000045
wherein n is used to represent the millimeter wave antenna device of the nth building outer wall, and znIs the mounting height of the millimeter wave antenna device above the building.
In one embodiment, a power of a millimeter-wave wireless signal received by each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices is calculated by the following equation (6):
formula (6):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000046
wherein, PmnFor the m-th array antenna of the base station to the received power, P, of the millimeter wave wireless signal transmitted by the n-th antenna devicenIs a signal transmission power, G, of the millimeter wave antenna devicetnIs an antenna gain, G, of said nth millimeter wave antenna meansmIs the directional gain of the m-th array antenna, and λ is the wavelength of the millimeter wave wireless signal.
In one embodiment, the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices has an alignment direction including the direction angle and the elevation angle, and a half power beam width of each of the array antenna devices is Δ α3dB. When the nth antenna devices are uniformly distributed in an angle range, wherein an angle difference between the alignment direction of the mth array antenna device and the alignment direction of the m-1 th array antenna device is Δ α ═ αm-αm-1In the case of (a) in (b),
the angle difference Δ α is equal to
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000051
x is a beam overlap index
Moreover, the present invention also provides a millimeter wave base station system, which comprises an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit, and is characterized in that: the antenna structure is built and installed in an application area by using the method for building the antenna structure of the millimeter wave base station of the present invention, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices arranged in the application area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an application area of a millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a millimeter wave base station antenna system 1 and a plurality of said buildings according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to the present invention;
fig. 4A is a perspective view of an array antenna apparatus of the antenna structure of the present invention;
fig. 4B is a perspective view of another perspective view of an array antenna assembly of the antenna structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5A is a top view of a support with an antenna structure of the present invention installed thereon;
FIG. 5B is a front view of a support with the antenna structure of the present invention installed;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting of thirty-two sets of array antenna devices on a support;
FIG. 7 is a graph of output power measurement data for an antenna structure including thirty-two array antenna devices;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of ten sets of array antenna devices on a support when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road;
fig. 9 is a graph of output power measurement data for an antenna structure comprising ten sets of array antenna devices;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an eight-set array antenna device mounted on a support in a single road surrounding a geographic area;
FIG. 11 is a graph of output power measurement data for an antenna structure including eight sets of array antenna devices; and
fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of an application area of a millimeter wave base station antenna system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the structure, features, objects, and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the drawings and detailed description of an alternative embodiment.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an application area provided with a millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the application area AR includes: a first road R1 laid along the X-axis direction, a second road R2 laid along the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of buildings RB built on both sides of the first road R1 and/or the second road R2. With continuing reference to fig. 1 and with concurrent reference to fig. 2, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a millimeter wave base station antenna system 1 and a plurality of the building of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and is established by a support 2 at a planar center point R0 within the application area AR. More specifically, each of the buildings RB in the area has a millimeter wave antenna device RBw on its wall, and the antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 composed of M × N antenna elements.
With continuing reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and with further reference to fig. 3, a flowchart of a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to the present invention is shown. Referring to fig. 4A and 4B, fig. 4A is a perspective view of an array antenna device of an antenna structure of the present invention, and fig. 4B is a perspective view of another array antenna device of the antenna structure of the present invention. The method for constructing the antenna structure of the millimeter wave base station of the present invention first executes step S1: the antenna structure 11 is carried by a support 2 established in the application area AR and includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 composed of M × N antenna elements 11 e. Wherein, M and N are respectively the number of rows and the number of columns of the antenna elements, and are positive integers. It should be understood that depending on the application area AR, for example: the support 2 is not limited to a street lamp, but may be a traffic light, a wire pole, a specially designed support frame, a special support pole, or a building, an indoor environment area having a wide open area, an outdoor environment area having a wide open area, a shady road having a wide open area, a city area having a plurality of towering buildings, or a narrow alley.
Continuously, the method flow is to execute step S2: the antenna structure 11 has a first three-dimensional space coordinate, and each of the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional space coordinate. For example, the support 2 is set up at a planar center point R0 within the application area AR with planar coordinates (0, 0). Accordingly, each array antenna device 111 of the antenna structure 11 has a first three-dimensional space coordinate of (x'm,y′m,z′m) Wherein m is a positive integer and denotes the mth array antenna device 111, and z'mIs the mounting height of the array antenna arrangement 111 above the support 2. On the other hand, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional spaceCoordinate (x)n,yn,zn)。
Next, the method flow executes step S3: a spherical space coordinate of each of the millimeter wave antenna devices RBw is calculated based on the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate. The method flow then proceeds to step S4: the number of the rows and the number of the columns of the antenna elements 11e included in each of the array antenna devices 111 and a direction angle of an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device 111 are calculated according to the following formula (1)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000071
And an elevation angle theta'mThereby correspondingly adjusting the direction angle of each array antenna device 111
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000072
And elevation angle theta'mThe plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw respectively possessed by the plurality of buildings RB in the application area AR are all within a millimeter-wave network coverage range of the antenna structure 11. In this manner, high-quality millimeter wave wireless communication is provided between the millimeter wave antenna device RBw and the array antenna device 111.
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000073
Referring to fig. 5A and 5B, wherein fig. 5A is a top view of a support with the antenna structure of the present invention mounted thereon, and fig. 5B is a front view of the support with the antenna structure of the present invention mounted thereon, the wireless structure may have a plurality of configurations, for example, a mechanical fixing means or attaching each array antenna on a spherical surface. In the above-mentioned formula (1),
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000074
is a reference direction angle of the array antenna device 111, and theta is a reference elevation angle of the array antenna device 111,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000075
Is the direction angle of theta'mFor the purpose of the elevation angle,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000076
is a directional gain of the array antenna device 111, and
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000077
is an element directional gain (element directional gain) of the antenna element 11 e. It should be noted that, for example, the antenna structure 11 includes four sets of array antenna devices 111, so that the four sets of array antenna devices 111 are respectively at four (elevation angle, azimuth angle) of the support 2
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000078
To be further described, each of the array antenna devices 111 includes a substrate and a plurality of antenna elements 11e disposed on the substrate. In one embodiment, M antenna elements 11e of each array antenna device 111 are arranged along the horizontal direction, and N antenna elements 11e are arranged along the vertical direction. The substrate has a curved surface with a curvature radius. The first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x'm,y′m,z′m) In this case, since the plurality of array antenna devices 111 all use substrates having the same radius of curvature, the radius of curvature is equal to a radial distance (radial distance) of the array antenna device 111, which can be calculated by the following formula (2):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000081
wherein, x'm、y′m、z′mAnd r'0、θ′m、
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000082
The relationship of (a) to (b) is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000083
z′m＝r′0cosθ′m+z0。
further, the second three-dimensional space coordinate (x) at each of the millimeter wave antenna devices RBwn,yn,zn) In the known case, each of the millimeter wave antenna devices RBw has a spherical space coordinate of
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000084
And it is calculated by the following formulas (3), (4) and (5):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000085
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000086
it should be understood that n is used to represent the nth millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and znIs the mounting height of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw above the building RB. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, assume that the base station is located on the lamp post at the intersection center of two perpendicular roads R1 and R2 and has a height of z'0With coordinates of (0,0,5m) 5m, the R1 and R2 lanes are 60m wide. The maximum height of the buildings on both sides of the road is 100m (about 30 floors). The coordinates of the building exterior wall antenna device RBw are (x)n,yn,zn) On both sides of the road, so xn＝±30m，30m≤yn≤1500m， 3m≤znLess than or equal to 100 m. When the first three-dimensional space center coordinate is (0,0, z'm5m), when (x) is fixedn＝30m,zn100m) and varying ynIn the case of (3), the complex array sphere space coordinates can be calculated by the following equations (4) and (5)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000087
As set forth in the following table.
xn＝30m,zn＝100m
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000091
With yn>300m, the azimuth angle of one of the array antenna devices 111 can be calculated
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000092
Elevation angle theta'mThe number of rows and the number of columns of the antenna elements 11e included in the array antenna device 111 are 8 and 8, respectively. Further, an antenna radiation field pattern of the array antenna device 111 includes the direction angle
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000093
And the elevation angle theta'mAnd a half power beam width of each of the array antenna devices is Δ α3dB. The array antenna can be calculated by the antenna radiation pattern formula
Figure RE-GDA00026648167200000914
3dB beam width of direction and theta direction
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000094
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000095
At 100m ≦ ynFor example ≦ 300m, two sets of setting parameters of the array antenna apparatus 111 may be calculated as follows:
group 1: m is 4, N is 4,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000096
θ′1＝78°,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000097
Δαθ,3dB＝24°；
group 2: m is 4, N is 4,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000098
θ′2＝58°,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000099
Δαθ,3dB＝24°。
further, for millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw of a building that may be located in two mutually perpendicular road corners, for example: the millimeter wave antenna device RBw with a relatively too high or too low installation height may also calculate the setting parameters of two sets of the array antenna device 111, as follows:
group 1: m is 2, N is 3,
Figure RE-GDA00026648167200000910
θ′1＝68°,
Figure RE-GDA00026648167200000911
Δαθ,3dB＝40°；
group 2: m is 2, N is 4,
Figure RE-GDA00026648167200000912
θ′2＝35°,
Figure RE-GDA00026648167200000913
Δαθ,3dB＝24°。
based on the above-mentioned parameter settings related to the spherical space coordinates, the present invention calculates thirty-two sets of setting parameters of the array antenna apparatus 111, and arranges the following table (1). Meanwhile, fig. 6 shows a schematic view of mounting thirty-two sets of the array antenna devices 111 on the support 2.
Watch (1)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000101
As shown in fig. 6, thirty-two groups of array antenna devices 111 may be further divided into four large blocks. The first block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 1 to 8, the second block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 9 to 16, the third block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 17 to 24, and the fourth block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 25 to 32. At the operating frequency of the mm wave wireless communication, the array antenna devices 111 in different blocks can use different center frequencies, thereby avoiding the mutual interference between the array antenna devices 111 in two adjacent blocks.
Further, for the second three-dimensional space coordinate is (x)n,yn,zn) And a spherical space coordinate of
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000111
The power of the millimeter-wave wireless signal received from the antenna structure 11 of any of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw may be obtained by the following equation (6):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000112
in the above formula (6), PmnIs the power, P, of the millimeter wave wireless signalnIs a signal transmission power, G, of the millimeter wave antenna device RBwtnIs an antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and λ is a wavelength of the millimeter-wave wireless signals. Finally, for the antenna structure 11 of the first block including the array antenna devices 111 of groups 1 to 8, after the signal processing circuit performs Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing on an output signal of a signal transmission port of each of the array antenna devices 111, an equivalent output power of the antenna structure 11 of the first block in a direction toward one of the millimeter wave antenna devices RBw can be obtained by the following equation (7).
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000113
Let signal transmission power P of millimeter wave antenna device RBwn15dBm 30mW, and the antenna gain G of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw tn18 dB. And, at fixed xn30m and zn100m,50m,10m, y ≦ 30mnThe mmwave antenna device RBw of ≦ 1500m, and the equivalent output power of the measuring antenna structure 11 in the direction towards the mmwave antenna device RBw is shown in fig. 7.
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2 repeatedly. In other applications, the road width of the first road R1 or the second road R2 is 30m, and the height of a highest building RB of the plurality of buildings RB is 60 m. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mm-wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and it is established by a utility pole (i.e., support 2) at a planar center point R0 ═ 0,0 within the application area AR. The antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 each including M × N antenna elements, and each of the array antenna devices 111 is installed at z 'above a pole of a long road separation island'04 m. More specifically, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw is located on a wall of a building located on both sides of a long straight road, and each has a second three-dimensional space coordinate (x)n,yn,zn). Further, z 'is taken as the installation height'04m and said second three-dimensional space coordinate (x)n,yn,zn) The spherical space coordinates of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw may be calculated using the above equations (3), (4) and (5)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000121
When the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x ' ═ 0, y ' ═ 0, z '04m) is fixed (x)n＝15m,zn60m) and varies ynIn the case of (3), the complex array sphere space coordinates can be calculated by the following equations (4) and (5)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000122
As shown in the table below.
xn＝15m,zn＝60m
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000123
According to the above-mentioned parameter setting related to the spherical space coordinate, the present invention utilizes the above formula (1) to calculate ten sets of setting parameters of the array antenna device 111, and arranges the following table (2). Meanwhile, fig. 8 shows a schematic view of ten sets of the array antenna devices 111 installed on the support 2 (i.e., a utility pole) when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road.
Watch (2)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000131
Let signal transmission power P of millimeter wave antenna device RBwn15dBm 30mW, and the antenna gain G of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw tn18 dB. And, at fixed xn15m and zn60m,30m,10m, y ≦ 30mnThe mmwave antenna device RBw of ≦ 1500m, and the equivalent output power of the measuring antenna structure 11 in the direction towards the mmwave antenna device RBw is shown in fig. 9.
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2 repeatedly. In other applications, the road width of the first road R1 or the second road R2 is 10m (i.e., a alley), and the height of a highest building RB of the plurality of buildings RB is 30 m. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mm-wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and makes a planar center point R0 (0,0) established in the application area AR through a utility pole (i.e., the support 2). Furthermore, the antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 composed of M × N antenna elements, and each array antenna device 111 is disposed on the utility poleIs z 'to the mounting height'03.5 m. More specifically, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate (x)n,yn,zn). Further, the mounting height is z'03.5m and the second three-dimensional space coordinate (x)n,yn,zn) The spherical space coordinates of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw may be calculated using the above equations (3), (4) and (5)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000132
When the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x ' ═ 0, y ' ═ 0, z '03.5m) is fixed (x)n＝5m,zn30m) and varying ynIn the case of (3), the complex array sphere space coordinates can be calculated by the following equations (4) and (5)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000133
As shown in the table below.
xn＝5m,zn＝30m
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000141
According to the above-mentioned parameter setting related to the spherical space coordinate, the present invention utilizes the above formula (1) to calculate eight sets of setting parameters of the array antenna device 111, and arranges the following table (3). Meanwhile, fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the mounting of eight sets of the array antenna devices 111 on the support 2 (i.e., a utility pole) when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road.
Watch (3)
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000142
Let signal transmission power P of millimeter wave antenna device RBwn15dBm 30mW, and the antenna gain G of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw tn18 dB. And, at fixed xn5m and zn＝30m,20m,5m, for 30m ≦ ynThe mmwave antenna device RBw of ≦ 1500m, and the equivalent output power of the measuring antenna structure 11 in the direction towards the mmwave antenna device RBw is shown in fig. 11.
Please refer to fig. 12, which shows a schematic perspective view of an application area of a millimeter wave base station antenna system according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 12, a plurality of buildings RB are provided in the application area AR, and one of the buildings having a large height is set as a support 2 at a planar center point R0 in the application area AR. The millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention comprises an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), wherein the antenna structure 11 is disposed on the ceiling of the support 2 (i.e. a building with a large height), and each of the array antenna devices 111 has a mounting height of z'050 m. More specifically, the top floor of each building RB is also provided with a millimeter wave antenna device RBw having a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate of (x)n,yn,zn). Further, let the spherical space coordinates of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000151
And let 100m ≦ rn≦ 5Km，85°≤θnIs less than or equal to 95 degrees, and
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000152
further, each of the array antenna devices 111 has the same radial distance (r'0And the antenna of each array antenna device 111 is aligned at an elevation angle of θ'm90 ° and an aligned direction angle of
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000153
So designed, a first three-dimensional space coordinate of the mth array antenna device 111 can be calculated as
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000154
Further, in order toThe plane center R0 is then drawn as a plane circle using the radial distance (0,0), dividing the plane circle into six blocks, each block containing the multiple array antenna device 111. Different center frequencies can be used for the array antenna devices 111 in adjacent blocks, thereby avoiding mutual interference between the array antenna devices 111 in two adjacent blocks. Further, the number of columns of each array antenna device 111 is fixed to N equal to 10. By this design, the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices 111 has a constant elevation angle θ'm90 DEG and direction angle
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000155
In this case, the foregoing formula (1) is modified to the following formula (1 a):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000156
a half power beam width of each of the array antenna devices 111 is Δ α3dB. Let the azimuth angle of the m-th array alignment be αmThe azimuth angle of the m-1 array alignment is alpham-1The difference in azimuth angle between two adjacent arrays is Δ α ═ αm-αm-1. Order to
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000157
When the number M of row elements of the array is determined, then
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000158
Δα3dBAfter the determination, the adjacent azimuth angle difference Δ α is determined, and once Δ α is determined, the number of arrays in the range of 60 °, the number of arrays in the range of 360 °, and the arrangement design of the arrays can be determined.
In the design example, let
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000161
The radiation patterns of two adjacent arrays will have a high weightAnd (4) overlapping. After Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) of the received values of the arrays, the effective antenna gain of each block is about 3 times that of the antenna of the individual array.
For example, when M is 4,
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000162
Δα＝10°，
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000163
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000164
the total number of arrays in the 360 ° range is 6 × 6 or 36.
If the number of row elements in each array is M-6, then
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000165
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000166
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000167
The total number of arrays in the 360 ° range is 10 × 6 or 60.
When the number of row elements of the array is M, the number of column elements is N, and the gain of the antenna element is Ge, the gain of the array antenna is about 10logMN + Ge, and the effective gain of the whole antenna of the rear block passing through the MRC is 10logMN + Ge +10log 3.
Furthermore, if each of the mm-wave antenna devices RBw includes M × N-6 antenna elements, the signal transmission power P of the mm-wave antenna device RBw is Pn15dBm 30mW, and the antenna gain G of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw tn18 dB. Thus, for any of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw, the power of the millimeter-wave wireless signal received from the antenna structure 11 can be calculated by the following equation (6 a):
Figure RE-GDA0002664816720000168
where Gn is an antenna gain of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw, and its value is 10log (6 × 6) + Ge. Gm is the antenna gain of the array antenna device 111, and has a value of 10log (3 × M × 10) + Ge, and M is 4 or 6. PnPower is transmitted for a signal of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw. At λ ═ 0.01m, rn＝3×103m，PnWhen 20dBm and Ge 3dB, Pr is-70 dBm (M4) or-68.25 dBm (M6).
Thus, the above description has been made in a complete and clear manner for the method of constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to the present invention; moreover, the present invention has the following advantages as follows:
(1) the invention discloses a method for building an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station, wherein the method for building the antenna structure of the millimeter wave base station is applied to building a millimeter wave base station system comprising an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit in a region. The antenna structure comprises a plurality of array antenna devices consisting of M multiplied by N antenna components, and the array antenna devices are carried by a support object so as to be arranged at a plane central point in the area, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices respectively arranged on a plurality of buildings in the area are all within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure, and high-quality millimeter wave wireless communication is realized between the millimeter wave antenna devices and the array antenna devices.
(2) It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter wave base station antenna system established by the establishment method of the invention does not need to be carried with any phase shifter; therefore, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the invention does not generate additional insertion loss and heat loss in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter wave wireless signals, thereby providing stable wireless communication quality. Meanwhile, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the invention does not use a phase shifter, so the calculation burden of a signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.
It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments are disclosed as optional, and all technical teaching that can be derived from partial variations or improvements of this disclosure by a person skilled in the art is considered to fall within the scope of protection of this patent application.
In conclusion, the purpose, technical method and beneficial effect of the scheme are different from the prior art, and the invention meets the application requirement of the invention patent.

Claims (10)

1. A method for building an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station is applied to building the antenna structure of the millimeter wave base station in an application area, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices arranged on the wall surfaces of a plurality of buildings in the application area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure; the construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) the antenna structure is carried by a support in the application area and comprises a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M multiplied by N antenna components; wherein, M and N are respectively the number of rows and the number of columns of the antenna components, and are positive integers;
(2) the antenna structure is provided with a first three-dimensional space coordinate, and the plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices are respectively provided with a second three-dimensional space coordinate;
(3) calculating a spherical space coordinate of each millimeter wave antenna device according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate;
(4) calculating the row arrangement number and the column arrangement number of the antenna elements included in each array antenna device and a direction angle and an elevation angle of an antenna radiation field pattern of the array antenna device according to the following formula (1), thereby adjusting the direction angle and the elevation angle of each array antenna device;
formula (1):
Figure FDA0002641976720000013
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002641976720000011
is a reference direction angle of the array antenna device, theta is a reference elevation angle of the array antenna device,
Figure FDA0002641976720000012
Is the direction angle of theta'mIs the elevation angle, GmIs a directional gain of the array antenna device, and GeIs a component gain of the antenna component.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the support is any one selected from the group consisting of a support frame, a support pole, a utility pole, a traffic light, a street light, and a building.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein M antenna elements of each of the array antenna devices are arranged in a horizontal direction and N antenna elements are arranged in a vertical direction.
4. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to claim 1, wherein the support is established at a planar center point of the application area such that the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (0,0, z'0)，z′0Is the mounting height of the support.
5. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to claim 4, wherein the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (x'm，y′m，z′m) In the case of (2), a plurality of the array antenna devices have the same radial distance r'0，(x′m、y′m、z′m) And
Figure FDA0002641976720000021
the relationship of (a) to (b) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002641976720000022
z′m＝r′0cosθ′m+z0。
6. the method of claim 5, wherein each of the array antenna devices comprises a substrate and a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the substrate, and the substrate has a curved surface with a radius of curvature equal to the radial distance.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second three-dimensional space coordinate is (x)n，yn，zn) And it is calculated by using the following formulas (3), (4) and (5):
formula (3):
Figure FDA0002641976720000023
Figure FDA0002641976720000026
wherein n is used to represent the nth millimeter wave antenna device, and znIs the installation height of the millimeter wave antenna device on the building.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein a power of a millimeter-wave wireless signal received by each of the millimeter-wave antenna units is obtained by the following formula (6):
formula (6):
Figure FDA0002641976720000025
wherein, PmnFor the m-th millimeter wave antennaThe device receives the signal power P transmitted from the nth array antenna devicentA millimeter wave signal transmission power, G, for the nth array antenna devicetnFor an antenna gain, G, of the nth array antenna arrangementmIs the directional gain of the mth millimeter wave antenna device, and λ is the wavelength of the millimeter wave wireless signal.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices has an alignment direction including the direction angle and the elevation angle, and the half power beam width of each of the array antenna devices is Δ α3dB(ii) a Wherein there is an angular difference Δ α between the alignment direction of the m-th array antenna device and the alignment direction of the m-1 th array antenna devicem-αm-1In the case of (2), the angular difference Δ α is equal to
Figure FDA0002641976720000031
x is a beam overlap index.
10. A millimeter wave base station system comprises an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit, and is characterized in that: the antenna structure is installed in an application area by using the method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter wave base station according to any one of claims 1 to 9, so that a plurality of millimeter wave antenna devices disposed in the application area all fall within a millimeter wave network coverage range of the antenna structure.
CN202010845985.3A 2020-08-20 2020-08-20 Method for establishing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system Pending CN114079158A (en)

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