TWI757835B - Method for constructing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention mainly discloses a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station, which is applied to build a millimeter-wave base station system including an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit in an area, wherein the antenna structure It includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements, and is carried by a support so as to be arranged at the center point of a plane in the area, so that the walls of a plurality of buildings arranged in the area are A plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices on the surface all fall within the coverage of a millimeter-wave network of the antenna structure, so that high-quality millimeter-wave wireless communication between the millimeter-wave antenna device and the array antenna device is achieved .

Description

Method for constructing antenna structure of millimeter wave base station and millimeter wave base station system

The present invention relates to the related technical field of antenna structures for wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station and a millimeter-wave base station system having the antenna structure.

Mobile data traffic continues to grow with the proliferation of online streaming services, cloud storage and IoT devices. In order to meet the huge demand for future mobile data transmission bandwidth, the 5th generation mobile network (5G for short) utilizes millimeter waves with operating frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz to achieve broadband with high data transmission rates wireless communication. At present, phased array antennas, array antennas using fully digital massive MIMO technology, and array antennas using hybrid beamforming technology are millimeter-wave (5G) ) The main antenna structure of the base station.

Although millimeter wave communication has a large bandwidth and can provide high data transmission rate, it also has high radio wave propagation loss due to its high frequency. Therefore, when the millimeter wave is transmitted in the air, its energy attenuation is proportional to the transmission distance. Therefore, the antenna structure of the millimeter-wave base station usually adopts an antenna array, and then beamforming technology is used to make the radiation pattern of the antenna array have a steering angle. At the same time, since the communication quality of millimeter waves is easily affected by factors such as the obstruction of buildings or people, or the shading of objects in the application environment, the angle coverage of the radiation pattern of the antenna array of the millimeter wave base station becomes the antenna. The design focus of the architecture.

Simply put, to improve the coverage of 5G networks that use millimeter waves to realize wireless communication, it is necessary to deploy a larger number of millimeter wave base stations. For example, the Japanese government is planning to install millimeter-wave base stations on traffic lights and street lights, hoping to increase the coverage of 5G networks. Unfortunately, millimeter waves cannot penetrate buildings and thus cannot provide wireless networks to wireless networking devices located in buildings. Therefore, millimeter wave receiving antennas must be installed on the outer walls of each building to receive the millimeter waves. The antenna is electrically connected to a wireless network providing device arranged in the building, such as a wireless AP or a wireless router.

When a small millimeter-wave base station system is set up in a specific area in the city, a base with a specific height can be set at the center point of the intersection, and then the small millimeter-wave base can be mounted on the base system. Alternatively, the small millimeter-wave base station system is set on a traffic light on a road or a street light beside a sidewalk. However, practical experience shows that since the multiple buildings (that is, buildings) standing in the specific area have different heights, there must be some buildings that cannot be covered by the radiation pattern of the antenna array and become wireless signals The dead end of transmission/reception.

It can be seen from the above description that there is an urgent need in the art for a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station, wherein the method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station is applied to a millimeter wave including an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit The base station system is built in an area. The antenna structure includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements, and is carried by a support so as to be arranged at a center point of a plane in the area, so that a plurality of buildings arranged in the area A plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices on the wall of the object all fall within the coverage of a millimeter-wave network of the antenna structure, so that there is a high-quality millimeter-wave antenna device between the millimeter-wave antenna device and the array antenna device. Wave wireless communication.

It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter-wave base station antenna system established by the construction method of the present invention does not need to be equipped with any phase shifter; therefore, in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter-wave wireless signals, the millimeter-wave base station of the present invention The antenna system will not generate additional insertion loss and heat loss, so it can provide stable wireless communication quality. Meanwhile, since the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not use a phase shifter, the computational burden of the signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.

To further illustrate, in the case of using the construction method of the present invention, a millimeter-wave base station system including an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit can be constructed in any kind of application area, such as: An indoor environment area with a wide open area, an outdoor environment area with a wide open area, a boulevard with a wide open area, an urban area with a plurality of towering buildings, or a narrow alley, so that the application area The plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices within the antenna structure all fall within the coverage of a millimeter-wave network of the antenna structure, so that high-quality millimeter-wave wireless communication can be achieved with an array antenna device of the antenna structure.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an embodiment of the method for constructing the antenna structure of the millimeter-wave base station, which is applied to construct the antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station in an application area, so that the antenna structure is arranged in an application area. A plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices on the walls of a plurality of buildings in the application area all fall within the coverage of a millimeter-wave network of the antenna structure; the construction method includes the following steps:

(1) Let the antenna structure be carried by a support set up in the application area, and include a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements; wherein, M and N are the the number of arrays in a row and the number of arrays in a column of the antenna elements, and they are all positive integers;

(2) the antenna structure has a first three-dimensional spatial coordinate, and each of the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices has a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate;

(3) calculating a spherical space coordinate of each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate;

； (4) According to the following formula (1), calculate the number of the array antenna elements arranged in the row and the array, and the direction of an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device angle and an elevation angle, so as to adjust the direction angle and the elevation angle of each of the array antenna devices; Equation (1):

;

為空間的方向角，

為空間的仰角、

為第m個陣列天線對準的方向角，

為對準的仰角，

為所述陣列天線裝置的一指向性增益場型，且

為所述天線元素(element)的一元素增益場型。 in,

is the direction angle of space,

is the elevation angle of space,

is the direction angle aligned by the mth array antenna,

is the elevation angle of alignment,

is a directional gain pattern of the array antenna device, and

is an element gain pattern for the antenna element.

In one embodiment, the support may be a support frame, a support pole, a utility pole, a traffic light, a street light, or a building.

In one embodiment, the M antenna elements of each of the array antenna devices are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the N antenna elements are arranged in the vertical direction.

；其中，第m個陣列天線的中心點座標為

，

=

，

=

，

=

+

，m為正整數且

為所述陣列天線裝置在該支撐物中心點之安裝高度。 In one embodiment, the support is set up at a center point of a plane of the application area, so that the first three-dimensional space coordinate is

; Among them, the coordinates of the center point of the mth array antenna are

,

=

,

=

,

=

+

, m is a positive integer and

is the installation height of the array antenna device at the center point of the support.

的情況下，複數個所述陣列天線裝置具有相同的一徑向距離(radial distance)，且該徑向距離係利用下式(2)計算獲得： 式(2)：

。 In one embodiment, the coordinates in the first three-dimensional space are

In the case of , a plurality of the array antenna devices have the same radial distance, and the radial distance is obtained by using the following formula (2): formula (2):

.

In one embodiment, each of the array antenna devices includes a substrate and a plurality of the antenna elements disposed on the substrate, and the substrate has a curved surface, and a radius of curvature of the curved surface is equal to the radial distance.

，且其係利用下式(3)、式(4)及式(5)計算獲得： In one embodiment, the second three-dimensional space coordinate is

, and it is calculated using the following formulas (3), (4) and (5):

； Formula (3):

;

； Formula (4):

;

。 Formula (5):

.

為所述毫米波天線裝置在該建築物之上的安裝高度。 Wherein, n is used to represent the nth millimeter-wave antenna device on the outer wall of the building, and

is the installation height of the millimeter wave antenna device above the building.

In one embodiment, a power of a millimeter-wave wireless signal received by each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices is calculated and obtained by the following formula (6):

； Formula (6):

;

為基地台第m個陣列天線對第n個天線裝置所發射之毫米波無線信號的接收功率，

為所述毫米波天線裝置之一信號傳輸功率，

為所述第n個毫米波天線裝置之一天線增益，

為第m個陣列天線的方向增益，且

為所述毫米波無線信號之波長。 in,

is the received power of the m-th array antenna of the base station to the millimeter-wave wireless signal transmitted by the n-th antenna device,

a signal transmission power for one of the millimeter-wave antenna devices,

is the antenna gain of one of the nth millimeter-wave antenna devices,

is the directional gain of the mth array antenna, and

is the wavelength of the millimeter-wave wireless signal.

。當第n個天線裝置是均勻分佈在一角度範圍時，其中，在第m個所述陣列天線裝置的該對準方向和第m-1個所述陣列天線裝置的該對準方向之間具有一角度差為

的情況下，所述角度差

，x為一波束重疊指數 In one embodiment, the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices has an alignment direction including the direction angle and the elevation angle, and the half-power beam width of each of the array antenna devices is

. When the n-th antenna device is uniformly distributed in an angular range, there is a distance between the alignment direction of the m-th array antenna device and the alignment direction of the m-1-th array antenna device An angle difference is

case, the angle difference

, x is a beam overlap index

In addition, the present invention also provides a millimeter-wave base station system, which includes an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit, and is characterized in that: the antenna structure is constructed by using the antenna structure of the millimeter-wave base station of the present invention as described above. The installation method is used to build and install in an application area, so that the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices arranged in the application area all fall within a millimeter-wave network coverage of the antenna structure.

In order to enable your examiners to further understand the structure, characteristics, purpose, and advantages of the present invention, drawings and detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments are attached as follows.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an application area provided with a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the application area AR is provided with: a first road R1 laid along the X-axis direction, a second road R2 laid along the Y-axis direction, and the first road R1 and/ Or a plurality of buildings RB on both sides of the second road R2. Continue to refer to FIG. 1 , and please refer to FIG. 2 at the same time, which shows a schematic perspective view of a millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 and a plurality of the buildings of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and is established in the application area AR by a support 2 The center point of a plane inside R0. In more detail, each of the buildings RB in this area has a millimeter-wave antenna device RBw on the wall, and the antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements. 111.

Continue to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , and also refer to FIG. 3 , which shows a flowchart of a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to the present invention. Please refer to FIGS. 4A and 4B at the same time, wherein FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an array antenna device of the antenna structure of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a perspective view of an array antenna device of the antenna structure of the present invention. The method for constructing the antenna structure of the millimeter-wave base station of the present invention firstly executes step S1: the antenna structure 11 is carried by a support 2 established in the application area AR, and includes a plurality of M An array antenna device 111 composed of ×N antenna elements 11e. Wherein, M and N are the number of arrays in a row and the number of arrays in a column, respectively, and they are both positive integers. It should be understood that, depending on the application area AR, for example: an indoor environment area with a wide open area, an outdoor environment area with a wide open area, a boulevard with a wide open area, a plurality of towering buildings In an urban area, or a narrow alley, the support 2 is not limited to a street light, it can also be a traffic light, a telephone pole, a specially designed support frame, a special support pole, or a building.

，其中，m為正整數且用以表示第m個所述陣列天線裝置111，且

為所述陣列天線裝置111在該支撐物2之上的安裝高度。另一方面，各所述所述毫米波天線裝置RBw各自具有一第二三維空間座標

。 Continuingly, the method flow is to execute step S2: the antenna structure 11 has a first three-dimensional spatial coordinate, and each of the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate. For example, the support 2 is established at a plane center point R0 in the application area AR, and its plane coordinate is (0, 0). Therefore, each array antenna device 111 of the antenna structure 11 has a first three-dimensional spatial coordinate of

, where m is a positive integer and represents the m-th array antenna device 111 , and

is the installation height of the array antenna device 111 above the support 2 . On the other hand, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional coordinate

.

及一仰角

，從而對應地調整各所述陣列天線裝置111的該方向角

與該仰角

，使該應用區域AR內的複數個建築物RB所分別具有的複數個毫米波天線裝置RBw皆落在所述天線結構11的一毫米波網路覆蓋範圍內。如此，所述毫米波天線裝置RBw和所述陣列天線裝置111之間具有高品質的毫米波無線通訊。

……(1) Next, the method flow is to perform step S3 : calculating a spherical space coordinate of each of the millimeter wave antenna devices RBw according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate. Then, the method flow then executes step S4: according to the following formula (1), the number of the array antenna device 111 included in the row arrangement and the column arrangement number of the antenna elements 11e and the array antenna device 111 are calculated. A direction angle of an antenna radiation pattern of

and an elevation angle

, so as to correspondingly adjust the direction angle of each of the array antenna devices 111

with this elevation angle

, so that the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw respectively possessed by the plurality of buildings RB in the application area AR all fall within a millimeter-wave network coverage of the antenna structure 11 . In this way, high-quality millimeter-wave wireless communication is achieved between the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw and the array antenna device 111 .

……(1)

為所述陣列天線裝置111之一參考方向角，

為所述陣列天線裝置111之一參考仰角、

為所述方向角，

為所述仰角，

為所述陣列天線裝置111的一方向性增益(directional gain)，且

為所述天線元件11e的一元件方向增益(element directional gain)。補充說明的是，舉例而言，天線結構11包括四組陣列天線裝置111，因此四組陣列天線裝置111在該支撐物2的四個(仰角,方位角)分別為(

)、(

)、(

)、(

)。 Please refer to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B at the same time, wherein FIG. 5A is a top view of the support with the antenna structure of the present invention installed, and FIG. 5B is a front view of the support with the antenna structure of the present invention installed. The wireless structure may have Various setting methods, such as setting by mechanical fixing means, or attaching each array antenna to a spherical surface. In the above formula (1),

is a reference direction angle of the array antenna device 111,

is a reference elevation angle for one of the array antenna devices 111,

is the direction angle,

is the elevation angle,

is a directional gain of the array antenna device 111, and

is an element directional gain of the antenna element 11e. It is supplemented that, for example, the antenna structure 11 includes four groups of array antenna devices 111, so the four groups of array antenna devices 111 at the four (elevation, azimuth) angles of the support 2 are respectively (

), (

), (

), (

).

的情況下，由於複數個所述陣列天線裝置111皆使用具有同樣的曲率半徑的基板，因此所述曲率半徑會等於所述陣列天線裝置111的一徑向距離(radial distance)，該徑向距離可利用下式(2)計算獲得：

………………………(2) ，其中，

與

的關係如下：

=

，

=

，

=

+

。 To further illustrate, each of the array antenna devices 111 includes a substrate and a plurality of the antenna elements 11e disposed on the substrate. In one embodiment, the M antenna elements 11e of each of the array antenna devices 111 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the N antenna elements 11e are arranged in the vertical direction. Moreover, the substrate has a curved surface, and the curved surface has a radius of curvature. The coordinates in the first three-dimensional space are

In the case of , since a plurality of the array antenna devices 111 all use a substrate with the same radius of curvature, the radius of curvature will be equal to a radial distance of the array antenna device 111 , the radial distance It can be calculated by the following formula (2):

……………………(2), of which,

and

The relationship is as follows:

=

,

=

,

=

+

.

為已知的情況下，各所述毫米波天線裝置RBw的球空間座標為

，且其係利用下式(3)、式(4)及式(5)計算獲得：

………………(3)

…………………………(4)

………………………………(5) Further, in the second three-dimensional space coordinates of each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw

In the known case, the spherical space coordinates of each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw are

, and it is calculated using the following formulas (3), (4) and (5):

…………(3)

…………………… (4)

………………………… (5)

為所述毫米波天線裝置RBw在該建築物RB之上的安裝高度。請參閱圖1及圖2，假設基地台所在的位置是兩條相互垂直的大馬路R1和R2交叉中心的燈桿上，高度為

，座標為(0,0,5

，R1和R2路寬為60

。馬路兩旁建築物的最大高度為100

(約為30層樓高)。建物外牆天線裝置RBw的座標為

，因為在路的兩旁，所以

，

，

。當所述第一三維空間中心座標為

之時，在固定

且變化

的情況下，依式(3)、式(4)及式(5)即可計算出複數組球空間座標

，如下表所述。

(

) 30m (104m,24

,45

) 100m (141m,47.6

,73

) 200m (223m,64.8

,81.4

) 300m (316m,72.5

,84.3

) 500m (510m,79.3

,86.6

) 1000m (1005m,84.6

,88.3

) 1500m (1503m,86.4

,88.9

) It should be understood that n is used to represent the nth millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and

is the installation height of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw above the building RB. Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, assuming that the base station is located on a light pole at the intersection of two perpendicular roads R1 and R2, and the height is

, the coordinates are (0,0,5

, R1 and R2 road width is 60

. The maximum height of buildings on both sides of the road is 100

(about 30 stories high). The coordinates of the building exterior wall antenna device RBw are

, because on both sides of the road, so

,

,

. When the coordinates of the center of the first three-dimensional space are

at the time of fixing

and change

In the case of , the complex spherical space coordinates can be calculated according to Equation (3), Equation (4) and Equation (5).

, as described in the table below.

(

) 30m (104m, 24

,45

) 100m (141m,47.6

,73

) 200m (223m,64.8

,81.4

) 300m (316m,72.5

,84.3

) 500m (510m,79.3

,86.6

) 1000m (1005m,84.6

,88.3

) 1500m (1503m,86.4

,88.9

)

＞300m為例，可以計算出一個所述陣列天線裝置111的方向角

，仰角

，且該陣列天線裝置111所包含之所述天線元件11e的一行排列個數和一列排列個數分別為8和8。進一步地，所述陣列天線裝置111的一天線輻射場型具包括該方向角

及該仰角

的一對準方向，且各所述陣列天線裝置的一半功率波束寬為

。由天線輻射場型公式，可以算出該陣列天線在

方向及

方向的

波束寬度

。 by

>300m as an example, a direction angle of the array antenna device 111 can be calculated

, elevation angle

, and the number of the antenna elements 11e included in the array antenna device 111 in a row and in a column are 8 and 8, respectively. Further, an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device 111 includes the direction angle

and the elevation angle

an alignment direction of , and the half-power beamwidth of each of the array antenna devices is

. From the formula of the antenna radiation pattern, it can be calculated that the array antenna is in

direction and

directional

beam width

.

≦300m為例，可以計算出二組所述陣列天線裝置111的設定參數，如下所示： 組1：M=4, N=4,

,

,

,

； 組2：M=4, N=4,

,

,

,

。 With 100m≦

≦300m as an example, the setting parameters of the two groups of the array antenna device 111 can be calculated as follows: Group 1: M=4, N=4,

,

,

,

; Group 2: M=4, N=4,

,

,

,

.

,

,

,

； 組2：M=2, N=4,

,

,

,

。 Further, for the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw that may be located at the corners of two mutually perpendicular roads, for example, the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw whose installation height is relatively high or too low, two sets of the arrays can also be calculated. The setting parameters of the antenna device 111 are as follows: Group 1: M=2, N=3,

,

,

,

; Group 2: M=2, N=4,

,

,

,

.

方向角

1 2×3 68 ^o 45 ^o 2 2×4 35 ^o 45 ^o 3 4×4 78 ^o 68 ^o 4 4×4 58 ^o 68 ^o 5 8×8 86 ^o 85 ^o 6 8×8 86 ^o 95 ^o 7 4×4 78 ^o 112 ^o 8 4×4 58 ^o 112 ^o 9 2×3 68 ^o 135 ^o 10 2×4 35 ^o 135 ^o 11 4×4 78 ^o 158 ^o 12 4×4 58 ^o 158 ^o 13 8×8 86 ^o 175 ^o 14 8×8 86 ^o 185 ^o 15 4×4 78 ^o 202 ^o 16 4×4 58 ^o 202 ^o 17 2×3 68 ^o 225 ^o 18 2×4 35 ^o 225 ^o 19 4×4 78 ^o 248 ^o 20 4×4 58 ^o 248 ^o 21 8×8 86 ^o 265 ^o 22 8×8 86 ^o 275 ^o 23 4×4 78 ^o 292 ^o 24 4×4 58 ^o 292 ^o 25 2×3 68 ^o 315 ^o 26 2×4 35 ^o 315 ^o 27 4×4 78 ^o 338 ^o 28 4×4 58 ^o 338 ^o 29 8×8 86 ^o 355 ^o 30 8×8 86 ^o 5 ^o 31 4×4 78 ^o 22 ^o 32 4×4 58 ^o 22 ^o According to the above-mentioned parameter settings related to spherical space coordinates, the present invention calculates a total of thirty-two sets of setting parameters of the array antenna device 111, which are arranged in the following table (1). Meanwhile, FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the installation of thirty-two groups of the array antenna devices 111 on the support 2 . Table 1) group M×N Elevation angle

direction angle

1 2×3 ^{68o 45o} 2 2×4 ^{35o 45o} 3 4×4 ^{78o 68o} 4 4×4 ^{58o 68o} 5 8×8 ^{86o 85o} 6 8×8 ^{86o 95o} 7 4×4 ^{78o 112o} 8 4×4 ^{58o 112o} 9 2×3 ^{68o 135o} 10 2×4 ^{35o 135o} 11 4×4 ^{78o 158o} 12 4×4 ^{58o 158o} 13 8×8 ^{86o 175o} 14 8×8 ^{86o 185o} 15 4×4 ^{78o 202o} 16 4×4 ^{58o 202o} 17 2×3 ^{68o 225o} 18 2×4 ^{35o 225o} 19 4×4 ^{78o 248o} 20 4×4 ^{58o 248o} twenty one 8×8 ^{86o 265o} twenty two 8×8 ^{86o 275o} twenty three 4×4 ^{78o 292o} twenty four 4×4 ^{58o 292o} 25 2×3 ^{68o 315o} 26 2×4 ^{35o 315o} 27 4×4 ^{78o 338o} 28 4×4 ^{58o 338o} 29 8×8 ^{86o 355o} 30 8×8 ^{86o 5o} 31 4×4 ^{78o 22o} 32 4×4 ^{58o 22o}

As shown in FIG. 6 , further, the thirty-two groups of array antenna devices 111 can be further divided into four blocks. The first block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 1 to 8, the second block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 9 to 16, the third block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 17 to 24, and the third block includes the array antenna devices 111 of groups 17 to 24. The four blocks include array antenna devices 111 of groups 25 to 32. For the working frequency of millimeter-wave wireless communication, we can allow the array antenna devices 111 in different blocks to use different center frequencies, so as to avoid mutual interference between the array antenna devices 111 in two adjacent blocks.

以及球空間座標為

的任一所述毫米波天線裝置RBw而言，其所接收自該天線結構11之毫米波無線信號的功率可利用下式(6)計算獲得：

……………………(6) Further, for having a second three-dimensional space coordinate as

and the spherical space coordinates are

For any one of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw, the power of the millimeter-wave wireless signal received from the antenna structure 11 can be calculated and obtained by using the following formula (6):

………………(6)

為該毫米波無線信號的該功率，

為所述毫米波天線裝置RBw之一信號傳輸功率，

為所述毫米波天線裝置RBw之一天線增益，且

為所述毫米波無線信號之波長。最終，就包含組1至組8之陣列天線裝置111的第一區塊之天線結構11而言，在所述信號處理電路利用對各所述陣列天線裝置111之一信號傳輸端口的一輸出信號執行一最大比例合併(Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC)信號處理之後，該第一區塊之天線結構11在朝向一個所述毫米波天線裝置RBw方向上的一等效輸出功率可利用下式(7)計算獲得。

……………………(7) In the above formula (6),

is the power of the millimeter-wave wireless signal,

is a signal transmission power of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw,

is an antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and

is the wavelength of the millimeter-wave wireless signal. Finally, for the antenna structure 11 including the first block of the array antenna devices 111 of groups 1 to 8, the signal processing circuit utilizes an output signal to a signal transmission port of each of the array antenna devices 111 After performing a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing, an equivalent output power of the antenna structure 11 of the first block in the direction toward one of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw can use the following formula (7) Calculated.

………………(7)

，且毫米波天線裝置RBw之天線增益

。並且，在固定

以及

的情況下，針對30m≦

1500m的毫米波天線裝置RBw，量測天線結構11在朝向所述毫米波天線裝置RBw方向上的等效輸出功率如圖7所示。 Make the signal transmission power of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

, and the antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

. And, in fixed

as well as

In the case of 30m≦

For the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw of 1500 m, the equivalent output power of the measured antenna structure 11 in the direction toward the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw is shown in FIG. 7 .

。更詳細地說明，各所述毫米波天線裝置RBw皆在一條長直馬路兩旁建築物的牆面之上，各具有一第二三維空間座標

。進一步地，依該安裝高度為

與該第二三維空間座標

可以使用上式(3)、式(4)和式(5)計算出所述毫米波天線裝置RBw的球空間座標

。當所述第一三維空間座標為

之時，在固定

且變化

的情況下，依式(3)、式(4)及式(5)即可計算出複數組球空間座標

，如下表所示。

(

) 0m (58m,15

,0

) 30m (65.3m,31

,63

) 50m (76.6m,43

,73.3

) 100m (115.6m,61

,81.4

) 200m (208.2m,74.4

,85.7

) 500m (503.3m,83.6

,88.3

) 1000m (1001.7m,86.6

,89.1

) Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 repeatedly. In other application examples, let the road width of the first road R1 or the second road R2 be 30m, and let the height of the tallest building RB of the plurality of buildings RB be 60m. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and is connected to a telegraph pole (ie, the support 2 ) A plane center point R0=(0,0) is established in the application area AR. In addition, the antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 composed of M×N antenna elements, and each of the array antenna devices 111 is installed on the telephone pole of the long straight road separating island, and the installation height is

. In more detail, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw is located on the walls of buildings on both sides of a long straight road, and each has a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate.

. Further, according to the installation height of

with the second three-dimensional space coordinates

The spherical space coordinates of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw can be calculated using the above equations (3), (4) and (5)

. When the first three-dimensional space coordinate is

at the time of fixing

and change

In the case of , the complex spherical space coordinates can be calculated according to Equation (3), Equation (4) and Equation (5).

, as shown in the table below.

(

) 0m (58m,15

,0

) 30m (65.3m, 31

,63

) 50m (76.6m, 43

,73.3

) 100m (115.6m, 61

,81.4

) 200m (208.2m, 74.4

,85.7

) 500m (503.3m, 83.6

,88.3

) 1000m (1001.7m, 86.6

,89.1

)

方向角

1 1×2 60 ^o 0 ^o 2 1×3 30 ^o 0 ^o 3 3×4 74 ^o 70 ^o 4 8×8 86 ^o 90 ^o 5 3×4 74 ^o 110 ^o 6 1×2 60 ^o 180 ^o 7 1×3 30 ^o 180 ^o 8 3×4 74 ^o 250 ^o 9 8×8 86 ^o 270 ^o 10 3×4 74 ^o 290 ^o According to the above-mentioned parameter settings related to spherical space coordinates, the present invention uses the above formula (1) to calculate ten groups of the setting parameters of the array antenna device 111 in total, which are arranged in the following table (2). Meanwhile, FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the installation of ten groups of the array antenna devices 111 on the support 2 (ie, a utility pole) when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road. Table 2) group M×N Elevation angle

direction angle

1 1×2 ^60o 0 ^o 2 1×3 ^30o 0 ^o 3 3×4 ^{74o 70o} 4 8×8 ^{86o 90o} 5 3×4 ^{74o 110o} 6 1×2 ^{60o 180o} 7 1×3 ^{30o 180o} 8 3×4 ^{74o 250o} 9 8×8 ^{86o 270o} 10 3×4 ^{74o 290o}

，且毫米波天線裝置RBw之天線增益

。並且，在固定

以及

的情況下，針對30m≦

1500m的毫米波天線裝置RBw，量測天線結構11在朝向所述毫米波天線裝置RBw方向上的等效輸出功率如圖9所示。 Make the signal transmission power of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

, and the antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

. And, in fixed

as well as

In the case of 30m≦

For the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw of 1500 m, the equivalent output power of the measured antenna structure 11 in the direction toward the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw is shown in FIG. 9 .

。更詳細地說明，各所述所述毫米波天線裝置RBw各具有一第二三維空間座標

。進一步地，依該安裝高度為

與該第二三維空間座標

可以使用上式(3)、式(4)和式(5)計算出所述毫米波天線裝置RBw的球空間座標

。當所述第一三維空間座標為

之時，在固定

且變化

的情況下，依式(3)、式(4)及式(5)即可計算出複數組球空間座標

，如下表所示。

(

) 0m (27m,10.7

,0

) 30m (40.3m,48.9

,80.5

) 50m (56.8m,62.2

,84.3

) 100m (103.6m,75.2

,87.1

) 200m (201.8m,82.5

,88.6

) 500m (500.7m,87

,89.4

) 1000m (1000m,88.5

,89.7

) Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 repeatedly. In other application examples, let the road width of the first road R1 or the second road R2 be 10m (that is, be an alley), and let the height of the tallest building RB of one of the buildings RB be 30m. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), and is connected to a telegraph pole (ie, the support 2 ) A plane center point R0=(0,0) is established in the application area AR. In addition, the antenna structure 11 includes a plurality of array antenna devices 111 composed of M×N antenna elements, and the installation height of each of the array antenna devices 111 on the utility pole is

. In more detail, each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw has a second three-dimensional spatial coordinate

. Further, according to the installation height of

with the second three-dimensional space coordinates

The spherical space coordinates of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw can be calculated using the above equations (3), (4) and (5)

. When the first three-dimensional space coordinate is

at the time of fixing

and change

In the case of , the complex spherical space coordinates can be calculated according to Equation (3), Equation (4) and Equation (5).

, as shown in the table below.

(

) 0m (27m,10.7

,0

) 30m (40.3m,48.9

,80.5

) 50m (56.8m, 62.2

,84.3

) 100m (103.6m, 75.2

,87.1

) 200m (201.8m,82.5

,88.6

) 500m (500.7m,87

,89.4

) 1000m (1000m,88.5

,89.7

)

方向角

1 1×2 60 ^o 0 ^o 2 2×2 60 ^o 70 ^o 3 8×8 86 ^o 90 ^o 4 2×2 60 ^o 110 ^o 5 1×2 60 ^o 180 ^o 6 2×2 60 ^o 250 ^o 7 8×8 86 ^o 270 ^o 8 2×2 60 ^o 290 ^o According to the above-mentioned parameter settings related to spherical space coordinates, the present invention uses the above formula (1) to calculate the eight groups of setting parameters of the array antenna device 111 in total, which are arranged in the following table (3). Meanwhile, FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the installation of eight groups of the array antenna devices 111 on the support 2 (ie, a utility pole) when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road. table 3) group M×N Elevation angle

direction angle

1 1×2 ^60o 0 ^o 2 2×2 ^{60o 70o} 3 8×8 ^{86o 90o} 4 2×2 ^{60o 110o} 5 1×2 ^{60o 180o} 6 2×2 ^{60o 250o} 7 8×8 ^{86o 270o} 8 2×2 ^{60o 290o}

，且毫米波天線裝置RBw之天線增益

。並且，在固定

以及

的情況下，針對30m≦

1500m的毫米波天線裝置RBw，量測天線結構11在朝向所述毫米波天線裝置RBw方向上的等效輸出功率如圖11所示。 Make the signal transmission power of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

, and the antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

. And, in fixed

as well as

In the case of 30m≦

For the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw of 1500 m, the equivalent output power of the measured antenna structure 11 in the direction toward the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw is shown in FIG. 11 .

。更詳細地說明，各所述棟建築物RB的頂樓亦設有一毫米波天線裝置RBw，且其具有第二三維空間座標為

。進一步地，令該毫米波天線裝置RBw的球空間座標

，且令100m≦

≦5Km，

，且

。更進一步地，令各所述陣列天線裝置111具有相同的一徑向距離(radial distance)為

，且令各所述陣列天線裝置111的一天線，其所對準的仰角為

及對準的方向角為

。如此設計，可以計算第m個所述陣列天線裝置111的一第一三維空間座標為

。 Please refer to FIG. 12 , which shows a schematic perspective view of an application area provided with a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12 , there are a plurality of buildings RB in the application area AR, and one of the buildings with a large height is set up as a support 2 at a plane center point R0 in the application area AR . The millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention includes an antenna structure 11 and a signal processing circuit (not shown), the antenna structure 11 is arranged on the top floor of the support 2 (ie, a building with a large height), and each The array antenna device 111 has an installation height of

. In more detail, the top floor of each of the buildings RB is also provided with a millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and it has a second three-dimensional space coordinate of

. Further, let the spherical space coordinates of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw

, and let 100m≦

≦5Km,

,and

. Furthermore, let each of the array antenna devices 111 have the same radial distance as

, and let an antenna of each of the array antenna devices 111 be aligned with an elevation angle of

and the direction angle of alignment is

. With this design, a first three-dimensional space coordinate of the m-th array antenna device 111 can be calculated as

.

及方向角

。在此情況下，前述之式(1)則修改為下式(1a)：

……(1a) Further, draw a plane circle with the plane center R0=(0,0) and then use the radial distance (radial distance), and divide the plane circle into six blocks, and each block contains a complex array antenna device 111. The array antenna devices 111 in adjacent blocks can use different center frequencies, thereby avoiding mutual interference between the array antenna devices 111 in two adjacent blocks. Further, the number of columns arranged in each of the array antenna devices 111 is fixed as N=10. According to this design, the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices 111 has a fixed elevation angle

and direction angle

. In this case, the aforementioned formula (1) is modified to the following formula (1a):

...(1a)

。設第ｍ個陣列對準的方位角為

_m，第

m-1個陣列對準的方位角為

_m-1兩相鄰陣列對準之方位角的角度差為

_m-

_m-1。令

。當陣列的行元素個數M決定，則

^-1(

，

決定之後，相鄰方位角角度差

就決定了，

一決定，則各區塊60

範圍的陣列個數，全部360

範圍的陣列個數以及陣列的排列設計就可以決定。在本設計例中，令

，則相鄰兩陣列的輻射場型會有高度的重疊。將各陣列的接收值做最大比例結合（Maximum Ratio Combination，MRC）後，每個區塊的天線有效增益約為單獨陣列天線增益的3倍。例如當M=4，

^-1(

，

，則一個區塊（60

）的陣列個數=(

=6，360

範圍的總陣列個數=6×6=36。如果每一陣列的行元素個數為M=6，則

^-1(

，

，每一區塊內的陣列個數=[

]+1=10。360

範圍的總陣列個數=10×6=60。 The half-power beamwidth of each of the array antenna devices 111 is

. Let the azimuth of the m-th array alignment be

_m , the first

The azimuth at which m-1 arrays are aligned is

The angular difference between the azimuth angles of the alignment of two adjacent arrays _m-1 is

_m -

_m-1 . make

. When the number of row elements M of the array is determined, then

^-1 (

,

After the decision, the adjacent azimuth angle difference

just decided,

Once decided, each block 60

The number of arrays in the range, all 360

The number of arrays in the range and the arrangement design of the arrays can be determined. In this design example, let

, the radiation patterns of two adjacent arrays will have a high degree of overlap. After the maximum ratio combination (Maximum Ratio Combination, MRC) of the received values of each array is performed, the effective antenna gain of each block is about 3 times that of the individual array antenna gain. For example, when M=4,

^-1 (

,

, then a block (60

) number of arrays = (

=6,360

The total number of arrays in the range=6×6=36. If the number of row elements in each array is M=6, then

^-1 (

,

, the number of arrays in each block = [

]+1=10.360

The total number of arrays in the range=10×6=60.

When the number of row elements of the array is M, the number of column elements is N, and the gain of the antenna element is Ge, the gain of the array antenna is about 10logMN+Ge, and the effective gain of the overall antenna of the block after MRC is 10logMN+Ge+ 10log3.

，且毫米波天線裝置RBw之天線增益

。如此，對於任一所述毫米波天線裝置RBw而言，其所接收自該天線結構11之毫米波無線信號的功率可利用下式(6a)計算獲得：

……………………(6a) Furthermore, if each millimeter-wave antenna device RBw includes M×N=6×6 antenna elements, the signal transmission power of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw is

, and the antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw

. In this way, for any one of the millimeter-wave antenna devices RBw, the power of the millimeter-wave wireless signal received from the antenna structure 11 can be calculated by using the following formula (6a):

……………………(6a)

為所述毫米波天線裝置RBw之一信號傳輸功率。在

=0.01m，

=3×10 ³m，

=20dBm，且Ge=3dB的情況下，Pr為-70dBm(M=4)或為-68.25dBm(M=6)。 Wherein, Gn is the antenna gain of the millimeter-wave antenna device RBw, and its value is 10log(6×6)+Ge. Gm is the antenna gain of the array antenna device 111 , and its value is 10log(3×M×10)+Ge, and M is 4 or 6.

Power is transmitted for one of the signals of the millimeter wave antenna device RBw. exist

=0.01m,

=3×10 ³ m,

=20dBm, and Ge=3dB, Pr is -70dBm (M=4) or -68.25dBm (M=6).

In this way, the above has completely and clearly described a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station of the present invention; and it can be seen from the above that the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention discloses a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station, wherein the method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station is applied to a millimeter-wave base comprising an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit The system is built into an area. The antenna structure includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements, and is carried by a support so as to be arranged at a center point of a plane in the area, so that a plurality of buildings arranged in the area The plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices respectively possessed by the object all fall within the coverage of a millimeter-wave network of the antenna structure, so that there is a high-quality millimeter-wave between the millimeter-wave antenna device and the array antenna device. wireless communication.

(2) It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter-wave base station antenna system established by the construction method of the present invention does not need to carry any phase shifter; therefore, in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter-wave wireless signals, the The mmWave base station antenna system does not generate additional insertion loss and heat loss, so it can provide stable wireless communication quality. Meanwhile, since the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not use a phase shifter, the computational burden of the signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.

It must be emphasized that the above-mentioned disclosure in this case is a preferred embodiment, and any partial changes or modifications originating from the technical ideas of this case and easily inferred by those who are familiar with the art are within the scope of the patent of this case. category of rights.

To sum up, regardless of the purpose, means and effect of this case, it shows that it is completely different from the conventional technology, and its first invention is practical, and it does meet the patent requirements of the invention. Society is to pray for the best.

11: Antenna structure 111: Array antenna device 11e: Antenna element AR: Application area R0: Plane center point R1: First road R2: Second road RB: Building RBw: Building 2: Support S1: Let the antenna The structure is carried by a support set up in the application area, and includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements; S2: Let the antenna structure have a first three-dimensional space coordinate, And the plurality of the millimeter-wave antenna devices each have a second three-dimensional space coordinate; S3: calculate a spherical space coordinate of each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate; S4: According to the following formula (1), the number of the array antenna elements included in the row and the column arrangement, and a direction angle and an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device are calculated. Elevation angle, so as to adjust the direction angle and the elevation angle of each of the array antenna devices; formula (1):

1 is a schematic perspective view of an application area provided with a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a millimeter wave base station antenna system 1 and a plurality of the buildings according to the present invention; 3 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to the present invention; 4A is a perspective view of an array antenna device of the antenna structure of the present invention; 4B is another perspective view of an array antenna device of the antenna structure of the present invention; 5A is a top view of a support with the antenna structure of the present invention installed; FIG. 5B is a front view of a support on which the antenna structure of the present invention is installed; 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation of thirty-two array antenna devices on a support; 7 is a graph of output power measurement data of an antenna structure including thirty-two array antenna devices; 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation of ten groups of array antenna devices on a support when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road; 9 is a graph of output power measurement data of an antenna structure including ten groups of array antenna devices; 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation of eight groups of array antennas on a support when the surrounding geographical environment is a single road; 11 is a graph of output power measurement data of an antenna structure including eight groups of array antenna devices; 12 is a schematic perspective view of an application area provided with a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; and

S1: Let the antenna structure be carried by a support set up in the application area, and include a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements; S2: Let the antenna structure have a a first three-dimensional space coordinate, and each of the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices has a second three-dimensional space coordinate; S3: Calculate one of the millimeter-wave antenna devices according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the second three-dimensional space coordinate Spherical space coordinates; S4: Calculate the number of the row arrangement and the column arrangement number of the antenna elements included in each of the array antenna devices and an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device according to the following formula (1) A direction angle and an elevation angle of , so as to adjust the direction angle and the elevation angle of each of the array antenna devices; formula (1):

Claims (10)

A method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station, which is applied to the construction of an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station in an application area, so that the walls of a plurality of buildings arranged in the application area are The plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices above all fall within a millimeter-wave network coverage of the antenna structure; the construction method includes the following steps: (1) making the antenna structure set up in the application area by the A support is carried and includes a plurality of array antenna devices composed of M×N antenna elements; wherein, M and N are the number of the antenna elements arranged in a row and a column, and both are is a positive integer; (2) let the antenna structure have a first three-dimensional space coordinate, and each of the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices has a second three-dimensional space coordinate; (3) according to the first three-dimensional space coordinate and the The second three-dimensional space coordinate calculates a spherical space coordinate of each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices; (4) according to the following formula (1), calculate the number of the row arrangement and the number of the antenna elements included in each of the array antenna devices The number of columns arranged and an azimuth angle and an elevation angle of an antenna radiation pattern of the array antenna device, so as to adjust the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of each of the array antenna devices;

in,

is a reference direction angle of the array antenna device, θ is a reference elevation angle of the array antenna device,

is the direction angle,

is the elevation angle, G _m is a directional gain of the array antenna device, and Ge is an element _gain of the antenna element. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 1, wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of a support frame, a support pole, a telephone pole, a traffic light, a street light, and a building either. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 1, wherein the M antenna elements of each of the array antenna devices are arranged along the horizontal direction, and the N antenna elements are arranged along the horizontal direction. arranged in the vertical direction. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 1, wherein the support is established at a center point of a plane in the application area, so that the first three-dimensional space coordinate is (0 , 0 ,

),

is the installation height of the support. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 4, wherein the coordinates in the first three-dimensional space are (

,

,

), a plurality of the array antenna devices have the same radial distance (radial distance)

, (

,

,

)and(

,

,

) are related as follows:

The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 5, wherein each of the array antenna devices comprises a substrate and a plurality of the antenna elements disposed on the substrate, and the substrate has a curved surface , a radius of curvature of the surface is equal to the radial distance. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 5, wherein the second three-dimensional space coordinate is ( x _n , y _n , z _n ), and the following formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5) are calculated to obtain:

Wherein, n is used to represent the nth millimeter-wave antenna device, and z _n is the installation height of the millimeter-wave antenna device on the building. According to the method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 7, a power of a millimeter-wave wireless signal received by each of the millimeter-wave antenna devices is calculated and obtained by the following formula (6):

Wherein, P _mn is the signal power received by the m-th millimeter-wave antenna device from the n-th array antenna device, P _nt is the millimeter-wave signal transmission power of one of the n-th array antenna devices, G _tn is an antenna gain of the n-th array antenna device, G _m is the directional gain of the m-th millimeter-wave antenna device, and λ is the wavelength of the millimeter-wave wireless signal. The method for constructing an antenna structure of a millimeter-wave base station according to claim 1, wherein the antenna radiation pattern of each of the array antenna devices has an alignment direction including the direction angle and the elevation angle, and each The half-power beamwidth of the array antenna device is Δα _{3 dB} ; wherein, between the alignment direction of the mth array antenna device and the alignment direction of the m-1th array antenna device In the case of having an angular difference Δα = α _m - α _m -1, the angular difference Δα is equal to

△ α _{3 dB} , x is a beam overlap index. A millimeter wave base station system, comprising an antenna structure and a signal processing circuit, characterized in that: the antenna structure is constructed by using the antenna structure of the millimeter wave base station according to any one of claim 1 to claim 9. The installation method is used to build and install in an application area, so that the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna devices arranged in the application area all fall within a millimeter-wave network coverage of the antenna structure.

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