CN107946756B - Electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna - Google Patents
Electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN107946756B CN107946756B CN201711123157.3A CN201711123157A CN107946756B CN 107946756 B CN107946756 B CN 107946756B CN 201711123157 A CN201711123157 A CN 201711123157A CN 107946756 B CN107946756 B CN 107946756B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0093—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices having a fractal shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna; a circular parasitic patch is loaded above the square radiation patch, and the square radiation patch and the circular parasitic patch are fixed above an antenna grounding plate by an insulating medium pillar to form a prototype WLAN AP antenna; the prototype WLAN AP antenna adopts a mode that 50 omega coaxial lines are fed at different positions of a square radiation patch to realize dual polarization; the working frequency band of the WLAN AP antenna is 5.15 GHz-5.95 GHz, a dual-polarized working mode is supported, the WLAN AP antenna has narrower 3dB wave beam width and stronger directivity than the original WLAN AP antenna, is a dual-polarized narrow wave beam WLAN AP antenna meeting the IEEE802.11a/n use standard, and can be widely applied to WLAN network coverage of indoor high-density user scene requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna.
Background
Currently, for WLAN network coverage in various situations, WLAN wireless Access Points (APs) are key devices for wireless Access, and have been widely used. In high-density user scenarios such as airport waiting halls, large conference centers, etc., a large number of WLAN APs are typically deployed to provide sufficient network capacity in order to meet the wireless access requirements of a large number of users. Because the radiation beam of the common WLAN AP antenna is wider, the coverage area of a single AP is too wide, and when the two antennas are closer, the mutual interference seriously affects the access quantity and the data transmission rate of users, and network congestion, difficult user access and even incapability of access are often caused, so that the client experience is greatly reduced, and the WLAN access requirement under a high-density user scene can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband dual-polarized narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna by utilizing electromagnetic super-surface loading so as to overcome the defects of large beam width and large coverage of a common WLAN AP antenna in a high-density user scene. The working frequency band of the WLAN AP antenna covers 5.15 GHz-5.95 GHz, dual-polarized work is supported, and the radiation beam is obviously narrowed compared with the common WLAN AP antenna, so that the coverage of a single AP antenna can be effectively reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna comprises an antenna grounding plate, a square radiation patch, a circular parasitic patch and a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating;
the antenna grounding plate, the square radiation patch and the circular parasitic patch are sequentially arranged at intervals, and two feed ports of the square radiation patch are connected with and fed by a coaxial line; the square radiation patch and the circular parasitic patch are fixed on an antenna grounding plate by a first insulating dielectric column, and form a prototype WLAN AP antenna together with a coaxial feeder;
the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating comprises an FR4 dielectric plate and double-layer frequency selection surfaces arranged on two sides of the FR4 dielectric plate, air is filled between the FR4 dielectric plate and the frequency selection surfaces, and the FR4 dielectric plate is fixed above the prototype WLAN AP antenna by a second insulating dielectric column.
The antenna grounding plate is square, and the length and width dimensions of the antenna grounding plate are 30mm multiplied by 30mm; the square radiation patch size is 24mm multiplied by 24mm; the square radiation patch is separated from the antenna grounding plate by 2mm; the radius of the circular parasitic patch is 12.5mm; the square radiating patches were spaced 3mm from the circular parasitic patches.
The air thickness between the frequency selective surfaces on both sides and the FR4 medium plate is 2.5mm; the FR4 medium plate is square, the length and width dimensions are 60mm multiplied by 60mm, and the thickness is 1.6mm;
the distance between the broadband electromagnetic subsurface coating and the prototype WLAN AP antenna was 36.6mm.
The frequency selective surface is in the shape of an array of square ring shaped metal patches as the basic unit.
The lengths of square ring type metal patches in the array decrease from the center to the two sides in sequence, and the widths are unchanged; the square ring type metal patch array and the FR4 medium plate together form a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating with gradient change of refractive index.
The overall profile of the frequency selective surface is an ellipse with the major axis in the x-direction and the minor axis in the y-direction.
The square-ring metal patch type frequency selective surface is provided with 38 columns of basic units along the x direction, the unit period is 1.6mm, the square-ring width is 1.2mm, and the square-ring line width is 0.4mm; each row of the Y-direction has 4 identical basic units, the lengths of the basic units decrease from the center to the two sides in sequence along the x-direction, the length of a square ring at the center is 12.5mm, and the unit period is 13.9mm; the length of the square ring at the edge is 1.5mm, and the unit period is 2.9mm.
The prototype WLAN AP antenna was fed through a 50 Ω coaxial line at different locations on a square radiating patch to achieve dual polarization.
The central lines of the line grounding plate, the square radiation patch, the round parasitic patch and the FR4 dielectric plate are coincident and are symmetrical with each other by the central line.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is composed of a dual-polarized prototype WLAN AP antenna and a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating layer loaded at a certain height above the antenna, wherein a circular parasitic patch is loaded above a square radiation patch, and the square radiation patch and the circular parasitic patch are fixed above an antenna grounding plate by an insulating medium strut to form the prototype WLAN AP antenna; the prototype WLAN AP antenna adopts a 50 omega coaxial line to feed at different positions of the square radiation patch to realize dual polarization, and adopts an air microstrip and a method of loading a circular parasitic patch above the square radiation patch to increase the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The invention designs a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating structure, and is fixed above a prototype WLAN AP antenna by an insulating medium column, so that the effects of improving the directivity of the prototype WLAN AP antenna and narrowing the beam width of the antenna are achieved. The working frequency band of the WLAN AP antenna is 5.15 GHz-5.95 GHz, a dual-polarized working mode is supported, the WLAN AP antenna has narrower 3dB wave beam width and stronger directivity than the original WLAN AP antenna, is a dual-polarized narrow wave beam WLAN AP antenna meeting the IEEE802.11a/n use standard, and can be widely applied to WLAN network coverage of indoor high-density user scene requirements.
Further, a square ring type metal patch with the length decreasing from the center to two sides sequentially is adopted to form a double-layer frequency selection surface with refractive index gradient change, and air is filled between the double-layer frequency selection surface and the FR4 medium plate to increase the bandwidth; the method is combined for improving the bandwidth of the electromagnetic super-surface coating; according to the characteristic that the refractive index of the square ring in a specific frequency band is in direct proportion to the length of the square ring, the square rings with different lengths are utilized to form a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating, the electromagnetic wave phases of different propagation paths are corrected by the design that the refractive indexes are distributed in a gradient mode along the center to two sides, spherical waves are converted into plane waves, and therefore the directivity of the antenna is improved, and the beam width of the antenna is narrowed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a prototype WLAN AP antenna structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a prototype WLAN AP antenna structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a front view of a broadband electromagnetic subsurface coating of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a side view of a broadband electromagnetic subsurface coating of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a front view of the broadband electromagnetic subsurface cladding unit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (b) is a side view of the broadband electromagnetic subsurface cladding unit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a perspective view of the overall structure of a wideband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna loaded with electromagnetic subsurface cladding of the present invention with a prototype WLAN AP antenna +45° polarized feed;
FIG. 5 (b) is a perspective view of the overall structure of a wideband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna loaded with electromagnetic subsurface cladding of the present invention showing a prototype WLAN AP antenna-45 polarized feed;
FIG. 5 (c) is a perspective side view of the overall structure of the electromagnetic subsurface cladding loaded broadband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of return loss of a broadband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna loaded with an electromagnetic subsurface coating according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a radiation pattern at 5.5GHz for a broadband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna loaded with an electromagnetic subsurface coating according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a WLAN AP antenna which has simple structure, small volume, low cost and easy processing, and comprises: a dual polarized prototype WLAN AP antenna, a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating, a 50 omega coaxial line feed structure and an insulating medium pillar. According to the characteristic that the refractive index of the square ring in a specific frequency band is in direct proportion to the length of the square ring, the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating is formed by the square rings with different lengths, the correction effect on the electromagnetic wave phases of different propagation paths is achieved through the design that the refractive indexes are distributed in a gradient mode along the center to two sides, the spherical wave is converted into the plane wave, the directivity of the antenna is improved, and the beam width of the antenna is narrowed.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna of the present invention includes a metal antenna ground plate 1, a square radiation patch 2 disposed above the antenna ground plate 1, and a circular parasitic patch 3 loaded above the square radiation patch 2, a feeding point 5 and a feeding point 5' of the square radiation patch 2 are connected with a 50Ω standard coaxial line, and the antenna ground plate 1, the square radiation patch 2, and the circular parasitic patch 3 are supported and fixed by a first insulating dielectric column 4.
As shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the wideband electromagnetic super-surface cladding is composed of square rings 6, 6' on the upper and lower surfaces of the FR4 dielectric board 7, and supported and fixed above the prototype WLAN AP antenna by a second insulating dielectric post 8.
Wherein, the antenna grounding plate 1 is square, and the length and width dimensions of the antenna grounding plate are 30mm multiplied by 30mm; the square radiation patch 2 has the size of 24mm multiplied by 24mm; the square radiation patch 2 is separated from the antenna grounding plate 1 below the square radiation patch by 2mm; the radius of the circular parasitic patch 3 is 12.5mm; the square radiation patch 2 is spaced 3mm from the circular parasitic patch 3 above the square radiation patch; the FR4 medium plate has length and width dimensions of 60mm by 60mm and a thickness of 1.6mm.
The broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating consists of a double-layer frequency selective surface (Frequency Selective Surface: FSS), the unit structure of the double-layer FSS is shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), air is filled between the FSS and the FR4 medium plates at the lower side and the upper side, and the air thickness p is 2.5mm, so that the bandwidth of the electromagnetic super-surface coating is improved.
Specifically, the unit period w of the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating along the x direction is 1.6mm, the unit period along the y direction is l, and the variation range of l is 2.9 mm-13.9 mm; in the frequency band range of 5 GHz-6 GHz, the refractive index n of the square ring is in direct proportion to the length of the square ring, so that the refractive index n of the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating is gradually decreased from the center to two sides along the x direction, and the refractive index distribution of the super-surface coating can be effectively regulated by adjusting the length of the square ring. For a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating with a side length of R, the refractive index distribution should satisfy:wherein: r is the distance from the square ring to the center of the dielectric plate, and d is the thickness of the electromagnetic super-surface coating. In this example, the square ring width is constant and is 1.2mm, the unit line width a is 0.4mm, 38 rows of basic units are taken along the x direction, 4 square rings with the same length are taken in each row, and the lengths of the square rings are sequentially decreased from the center to the two sides along the x direction. The length of the square ring at the center is 12.5mm, and the unit period is 13.9mm; the length of the square ring at the edge is 1.5mm, and the unit period is 2.9mm.
According to the Fermat's aplanatic principle, to make the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating have the effects of improving directivity and narrowing beams, the electromagnetic waves with different propagation paths need to have equal optical paths when reaching the upper surface of the coating; it follows that for an electromagnetic supersurface coating of side length R, whose focal length is h, given k=h/R, the refractive index variation over the coating ranges:taking r=60 mm, from a refractive index of 12.3 when r=0 and a refractive index of 5.5 when r=1.5, a refractive index variation range of 6.8 is obtained, thereby obtaining k=0.6 and h=36 mm. Since the directivity of the antenna is strongest when the antenna is at the focus of the electromagnetic subsurface cladding, the 3dB beamwidth is narrowest. Thus, the distance h between the broadband electromagnetic subsurface coating and the prototype WLAN AP antenna was taken to be 36.6mm.
For a prototype WLAN AP antenna with ±45° dual-polarized feed, the square ring direction is placed at 45 ° to the two polarization directions of the antenna, and as shown in fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the projection lengths of the square ring in the two directions are the same, so that the same effect is generated for both polarization directions.
After the above design was completed, simulation experiments were performed using commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite 2015.
Fig. 6 is a graph of return loss for a broadband dual polarized narrow beam WLAN AP antenna loaded with electromagnetic subsurface cladding of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, at |S 11 Under the condition of < 10dB, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 5.15 GHz-5.95 GHz, and the working frequency band of the WLAN AP antenna of 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz is satisfied.
Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of the inventive antenna at yoz plane at 5.5GHz with ±45° polarization. As shown by simulation results, the directivity of the antenna at 5.5GHz is 10.9dB, and the directivity of the antenna is improved by 2.9dB compared with that of a prototype WLAN AP antenna; the 3dB beamwidth is 44 deg., which is narrower than the beamwidth of the prototype WLAN AP antenna by 25.5 deg..
In summary, an electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna of the present invention; a circular parasitic patch is loaded above the square radiation patch, and the square radiation patch and the circular parasitic patch are fixed above an antenna grounding plate by an insulating medium pillar to form a prototype WLAN AP antenna; the prototype WLAN AP antenna adopts a mode that 50 omega coaxial lines are fed at different positions of a square radiation patch to realize dual polarization; the double-layer frequency selective surface adopts square ring type metal patches with the lengths decreasing from the center to two sides in sequence, and forms a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating with refractive index gradient change together with an FR4 dielectric plate, and is fixed above a prototype WLAN AP antenna by an insulating dielectric support; air with a certain thickness is filled between the upper surface and the lower surface of the double-layer frequency selective surface and the FR4 dielectric plate, so that the bandwidth of the electromagnetic super-surface coating is improved; the prototype WLAN AP antenna, the broadband electromagnetic subsurface cladding together comprise an electromagnetic subsurface cladding loaded WLAN AP antenna. The working frequency band of the WLAN AP antenna is 5.15 GHz-5.95 GHz, a dual-polarized working mode is supported, the WLAN AP antenna has narrower 3dB wave beam width and stronger directivity than the original WLAN AP antenna, is a dual-polarized narrow wave beam WLAN AP antenna meeting the IEEE802.11a/n use standard, and can be widely applied to WLAN network coverage of indoor high-density user scene requirements.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limited to the embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made in the foregoing without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and it is intended that all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna grounding plate (1), square radiation patches (2), circular parasitic patches (3) and a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating;
the antenna grounding plate (1), the square radiation patch (2) and the circular parasitic patch (3) are sequentially arranged at intervals, and two feed ports of the square radiation patch (2) are connected with and fed by a coaxial line; the square radiation patch (2) and the circular parasitic patch (3) are fixed on the antenna grounding plate (1) by a first insulating dielectric column (4) and form a prototype WLAN AP antenna together with a coaxial feeder line;
the broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating comprises an FR4 dielectric plate (7) and double-layer frequency selective surfaces arranged on two sides of the FR4 dielectric plate (7), air is filled between the FR4 dielectric plate (7) and the frequency selective surfaces, and the FR4 dielectric plate (7) is fixed above the prototype WLAN AP antenna by a second insulating dielectric column (8);
the frequency selection surface is in an array shape consisting of square ring type metal patches as basic units;
the lengths of square ring type metal patches in the array decrease from the center to the two sides in sequence, and the widths are unchanged; the square ring type metal patch array and the FR4 medium plate (7) together form a broadband electromagnetic super-surface coating with gradient change of refractive index;
the prototype WLAN AP antenna is fed through 50 omega coaxial lines at different positions on the square radiation patch (2) to realize dual polarization.
2. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna grounding plate (1) is square, and the length and width dimensions of the antenna grounding plate are 30mm multiplied by 30mm; the square radiation patch (2) has the size of 24mm multiplied by 24mm; the square radiation patch (2) is separated from the antenna grounding plate (1) by 2mm; the radius of the circular parasitic patch (3) is 12.5mm; the square radiation patch (2) is 3mm apart from the circular parasitic patch (3).
3. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air thickness between the frequency selection surfaces on two sides and the FR4 medium plate (7) is 2.5mm; the FR4 medium board (7) is square, and has the length and width dimensions of 60mm multiplied by 60mm and the thickness of 1.6mm.
4. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between the broadband electromagnetic subsurface coating and the prototype WLAN AP antenna was 36.6mm.
5. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the overall profile of the frequency selective surface being along the long axisxAn ellipse with the direction, minor axis, along the y-direction.
6. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: square ring metal paster type frequency selective surface edgexThe direction has 38 columns of basic units, and the unit period is 1.6mm，Wherein the width of the square ring is 1.2mm, and the width of the square ring is 0.4mm; edge of the frameyEach column has 4 identical basic units along its lengthxThe direction is gradually decreased from the center to the two sides, and the length of the square ring at the center is 12.5mm，The unit period is 13.9mm; the length of the square ring at the edge is 1.5mm, and the square ring is singleThe meta-period was 2.9mm.
7. An electromagnetic super surface loaded narrow beam WLAN AP antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central lines of the line grounding plate (1), the square radiation patch (2), the circular parasitic patch (3) and the FR4 dielectric plate (7) are coincident and are symmetrical with each other by the central line.
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| CN201711123157.3A CN107946756B (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Electromagnetic super-surface loaded narrow-beam WLAN AP antenna |
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| CN113746515B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-06-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Data transmission method, device and system applying electromagnetic super-surface array |
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| EP1586134A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-10-19 | Fractus, S.A. | Broadside high-directivity microstrip patch antennas |
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| CN103219591A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Wide-beam circularly-polarized microstrip antenna loaded with parasitic ring |
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