CN211088520U

CN211088520U - Three-dimensional multi-beam antenna and network access system

Info

Publication number: CN211088520U
Application number: CN201922375850.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王刚; 刘光明; 黄婧
Original assignee: China Telecom Corp Ltd
Current assignee: China Telecom Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-26
Filing date: 2019-12-26
Publication date: 2020-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-26

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna and a network access system. The three-dimensional multi-beam antenna comprises a bottom plate, a radiation array, an antenna housing, an inclination angle controller, a phase shifter and a plurality of beam forming networks; the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna adopts an electromagnetic wave space division technology to form a plurality of electromagnetic wave beams in horizontal and vertical planes. The FDD three-dimensional multi-beam coverage scheme is adopted, and refined network coverage is achieved.

Description

Three-dimensional multi-beam antenna and network access system

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna and a network access system.

Background

Along with the continuous deepening of the urbanization process, city business circles are more and larger, the people flow of streets, business floors, business buildings and the like of the business circles is very large, due to the reduction of mobile communication expenses and the development of B2I (operators and Internet companies) services, the demand of users using mobile communication tools for surfing the internet is more frequent, the streaming media services are rapidly increased, the flow of a mobile communication network is continuously increased, the cell load and the flow in a network boiling point region are increased rapidly, the user perception is deteriorated, the capacity becomes the bottleneck of the mobile communication development increasingly, and particularly the problems that a TDD (Time Division Duplexing) 2.6GHz frequency spectrum is recovered by a business ministry, and a site which is expanded by adopting a TDD frequency band must be solved, the site high load, the user perception rate and the like are further deteriorated after the TDD frequency is reduced.

Common capacity expansion modes in related technologies mainly include adding a new spectrum, adding a new site and multi-sector networking, but face problems of limited spectrum resources, difficulty in adding a new site, high interference among multiple sectors and the like, so that capacity expansion cost is high, efficiency is low, evolution is difficult, and the capacity expansion method cannot adapt to the current development trend of intelligent, intensive and fine network quality improvement

Disclosure of Invention

In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna and a network access system, which adopt an FDD (Frequency Division duplex) stereoscopic multi-beam coverage scheme, thereby implementing network fine coverage.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna, including a base plate, a radiation array, a radome, an inclination controller, a phase shifter, and a plurality of beam forming networks; the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna adopts an electromagnetic wave space division technology to form a plurality of electromagnetic wave beams in horizontal and vertical planes.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the base plate is mounted and fixed within the radome, the radiating array is disposed on the base plate, and the beam forming network, the phase shifter, and the tilt angle controller are disposed on the base plate.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiating array connects the beam forming network and the phase shifter, and the tilt controller drives the phase shifter.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiating array comprises at least two sub-arrays, and the beam forming network comprises two independent sub-networks.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one beam forming network and phase shifter are separately connected to each sub-array, enabling separate feeding and phase shifting of each sub-array.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each sub-array are superimposed into two electromagnetic beams in the radiation far field.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiating array comprises two sub-arrays; the four electromagnetic wave beams adopt a frequency division duplex multi-beam covering mode; the radio electromagnetic wave signals in two different frequency bands are overlapped in space to form two groups of four electromagnetic wave beams which are overlapped in space; the four electromagnetic wave beams include two stereo beams and two horizontal beams.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the tilt angles of the plurality of electromagnetic wave beams in the vertical direction can be independently adjusted according to the coverage requirement.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna comprises 8 co-frequency ports.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna may be connectable with at least one of a dual-transmit dual-receive remote radio unit, a four-transmit four-receive remote radio unit, and an eight-transmit eight-receive remote radio unit.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereo multibeam antenna in combination with a dual-frequency four-transmit four-receive remote radio unit opens 8 cells to form a dual-channel 12-sector.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna comprises a meander backplane.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of vibrators connected into the feed network is controlled by the loaded electronic switching technology.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network access system including an intelligent electrical tilt control module, a distributed access module, and a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna according to any one of the above embodiments.

The method adopts an FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) three-dimensional multi-beam coverage scheme, and realizes network fine coverage.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a network access system of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of a network access system according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional block diagram of some embodiments of a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a profile view of some embodiments of a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 is a component view of a radome in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of antenna gain and beam remote control in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of an antenna shaped backplane in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is an antenna element array layout of a volumetric multi-beam antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a front view and a right view of a beamforming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a beam forming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a diagram of the connection of the lower layer of the beam forming network to the elements of the radiating array in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 13 is a diagram of the connection of elements of the upper layer of the beam forming network and the radiating array in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 is a phase shifter port diagram (front, left, right) in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 15 is a connection diagram of a phase shifter lower layer and a beam forming network lower layer in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 16 is a connection diagram of upper layers of phase shifters and upper layers of a beam forming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Figure 17 coupling diagram of mobile phase input port to radome bottom radio frequency interface in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 18 horizontal plane patterns of electromagnetic waves radiated by an antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Figure 19 vertical plane directional diagrams of electromagnetic waves radiated by antennas in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 20 is a connection diagram of a phase shifter to a tilt controller tie bar in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 21 shows the corresponding relationship between the beams B1, B2, B3 and the connection ports of the antenna electrical equipment in the embodiment of fig. 6.

Fig. 22 is a statistical plot of high boiling point cells in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of 3 test point sites selected in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection between a stereo multibeam antenna and a remote radio module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless specifically stated otherwise.

Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description.

Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.

In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.

The inventor finds out through research that: related art usually expands the coverage area in the following manner:

firstly, horizontal plane segmentation is adopted to segment the existing coverage area into a plurality of coverage sectors in the horizontal direction, but the segmentation coverage in the horizontal direction cannot meet the scene with high-level coverage requirements.

And secondly, the double-beam antenna is adopted to cover the business district and the square, and the indoor distribution system is adopted to cover the building. The mode needs larger capital investment and longer equipment construction period, and partial users in the building can still absorb outdoor station signals and occupy network resources covering a business district, so that the network experience of the users in the business district square and the surrounding buildings is poor.

And thirdly, multi-sector networking by adopting a multi-face antenna array, wherein one part of the antennas cover the high-rise area of the building, and the other part of the antennas cover the low-rise area of the building. Although the multi-sector networking can improve certain spectrum utilization efficiency, the complexity of the system is increased, a great amount of sky resources are occupied, the wind load of equipment is increased, potential safety hazards are left, and the cost and the maintenance workload are increased accordingly. Meanwhile, the conventional common antenna is generally adopted in the multi-sector networking, and the interference of adjacent sectors is serious, so that the difficulty of network optimization is increased, and the capacity expansion effect is not obvious. And the problem that the number of the common antennas is increased and the tense space of the sky is difficult to solve is also brought.

In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna and a network access system, and the present disclosure is described below with reference to embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a network access system of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the network access system of the present disclosure may include an intelligent electrical tilt control module, a distributed access module, and a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of a network access system according to the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, the intelligent electrical tuning control module of the present disclosure can be integrated in a 4G network manager; the distributed access module may include a BBU (Base Band Unit) and an RRU (Remote Radio Unit); the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna may be implemented as a multi-beam antenna feed module.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna can be used for completing a multi-beam antenna and constructing a multi-beam three-dimensional technology as a basis, and by using an innovative high-order MIMO configuration scheme, a FDD three-dimensional multi-beam coverage scheme is completed, so as to achieve network fine coverage and gain of network capacity.

The distributed Access module is used for utilizing E-UTRANE-UTRAN (Evolved UMTS terrestrial Radio Access Network) Network element equipment of FDD-L TE (L ong Term Evolution, long Term Evolution technology) EPS (Evolved Packet System Network), wherein UMTS is Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), namely, a host device of BBU + RRU (baseband unit) such as 4G operated in the current Network, and the distributed FRRU equipment of each mainstream manufacturer is compatible.

The intelligent electric regulation control module is mainly used for integrating the function in a background 4G network manager, remotely and automatically controlling the number of vibrators accessed into an antenna feed network through a remote control technology of intelligent antenna gain and beam adjustment, changing the gain of an antenna beam and the inclination angle of a vertical plane beam, realizing the intelligent antenna beam adjustment, analyzing the number of accessed users and the user perception state by combining background network optimization data, and achieving self configuration and self optimization, so that the intelligent electric regulation control module can be automatically adapted to the change of a network, dynamically adjust, realize the optimal coverage and capacity based on user perception, and realize the intellectualization and automation of network optimization and power-assisted operation intellectualization.

In order to cope with the network capacity doubling growth trend and the coverage demand in the hot spot area, the embodiment of the disclosure innovatively provides an intelligent three-dimensional multi-beam 4G network access system by using the 5G multi-beam forming concept for reference.

The above embodiments of the present disclosure provide a 4G network access system based on intelligent three-dimensional multi-beam, aiming at the defects existing in the related art, and the coverage is performed by adopting an innovative intelligent three-dimensional multi-beam coverage technology, and the above embodiments of the present disclosure include the following technical means:

1. the embodiment of the disclosure adopts an FDD three-dimensional multi-beam coverage scheme to realize network fine coverage;

2. the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a high-order MIMO (multiple input multiple output) configuration scheme, so that the intensification and evolution capability of the network are improved;

3. the embodiment of the disclosure adopts a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna and a multi-beam three-dimensional construction technology, and lays a foundation and guarantee for three-dimensional multi-beam coverage;

4. the embodiment of the disclosure adopts a remote control technology of antenna beams to realize the intellectualization and automation of network optimization;

5. the above embodiments of the present disclosure employ a multi-beam interference suppression technique to maximize the capacity gain.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, by combining the technical means, the network capacity expansion is realized by using a three-dimensional multi-beam coverage mode, namely a 2-dimensional 4-beam technology, the network capacity and the deep coverage capability can be effectively improved, and the intellectualization, intensification and refinement of network quality improvement are realized by using multi-port MIMO configuration and a gain and wave width remote timely adjustable technology, so that the method has a remarkable application value.

The following further describes the constituent structure and functions of each part of the network access system of the present disclosure by using specific embodiments.

1. The present disclosure employs an innovative FDD stereo multi-beam coverage scheme.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional block diagram of some embodiments of a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 is a profile view of some embodiments of a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure.

The network access system of the present disclosure is at the antenna side: the stereoscopic multibeam antenna shown in fig. 3 and 4 may include a base plate 1, a radiation array 2, a radome 3, an inclination controller 6, a phase shifter 4, and a plurality of beam forming networks 5, wherein:

the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna adopts an electromagnetic wave space division technology to form a plurality of electromagnetic wave beams in horizontal and vertical planes.

The bottom plate 1 is fixed in the antenna housing 3 through installation, the radiation array 2 is located on the bottom plate 1, the beam forming network 5 and the phase shifter 4 are located below the bottom plate 1, and the inclination angle controller 6 is located below the bottom plate 1. The radiation array 2 is connected with a beam forming network 5 and a phase shifter 4, and the inclination angle controller 6 drives the phase shifter 4.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each sub-array are superimposed into two electromagnetic beams in the radiation far field. The width of the two electromagnetic wave beams in the horizontal direction is 32 degrees, and the included angle is 60 degrees. The antenna is used for 120-degree coverage on a horizontal plane, the coverage area of the antenna is consistent with that of a common single-beam antenna, and the antenna and the common beam antenna can be used in a mixed mode at the same site.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the two electromagnetic wave beams radiated by one sub-array have vertical tilt angles ranging from 0 to 28 degrees, respectively, and are tilted downward with respect to the horizontal plane direction, and mainly cover the area below the base station tower. And the vertical tilt angles of two beams radiated by the other sub-array are respectively in the range of 0-28 degrees, and the beams tilt upwards relative to the horizontal direction and mainly cover the area above the base station tower.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiating array may include two sub-arrays; the four electromagnetic wave beams adopt a frequency division duplex multi-beam covering mode; the radio electromagnetic wave signals in two different frequency bands are overlapped in space to form two groups of four electromagnetic wave beams which are overlapped in space; the four electromagnetic wave beams include two stereo beams and two horizontal beams.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the tilt angles of the four electromagnetic wave beams in the vertical direction can be independently adjusted according to the coverage requirement, and the two different frequency bands of the radio electromagnetic wave signals of FDD-L TE1800MHz and FDD-L TE2100MHz are supported to be spatially overlapped, so as to form two groups of spatially overlapped four electromagnetic wave beams.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a current antenna 4-beam coverage scheme includes 2 upper beams (stereo beams) and 2 lower beams (horizontal beams), where the upper beams (stereo beams) may select 2 narrow beams for spatial horizontal diversity coverage or 2 conventional beams for spatial vertical diversity coverage, and compared with a current single antenna coverage, a plurality of electromagnetic beams for coverage can be formed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and a coverage area is divided into three-dimensional spaces to form a three-dimensional integrated coverage.

The above embodiment of the present disclosure uses the multi-beam forming concept of 5G for reference, innovatively provides an FDD multi-beam coverage scheme, and implements a two-dimensional multi-sector splitting scheme, and utilizes a coverage mode of three-dimensional multi-beams, i.e., a 2-dimensional 4-beam technology, to implement network capacity expansion, where the current antenna is a 4-beam coverage scheme and includes 2 upper beams (three-dimensional beams) and 2 lower beams (horizontal beams), where the upper beams (three-dimensional beams) may select 2 narrow beams for spatial horizontal diversity coverage or 2 conventional beams for spatial vertical diversity coverage, and the beams after being superimposed have higher gain and strong deep coverage capability. And the network quality improving function under the dense high-flow scene and the scene with large space difference is realized.

2. The present disclosure employs an innovative high order MIMO configuration scheme.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna may include 8 co-frequency ports.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna may be connectable with at least one of a dual-transmit dual-receive remote radio unit 2T2R, a four-transmit four-receive remote radio unit 4T4R, and an eight-transmit eight-receive remote radio unit 8T 8R.

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a high-order MIMO configuration scheme, and the antenna side of the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts 8 co-frequency ports to support 2-channel and 4-channel devices currently used by L TE, and can flexibly configure 1-4 beams according to requirements of different application scenarios on capacity and coverage, each beam can be opened in single/dual frequency, the power of 30/60W is selectable, the selection of the upper/lower beam RRU is flexible, and 2T2R, 4T4R and conventional FRRU devices can be combined and collocated, and can support the evolution of future FDD8T8R, further improve the channel capacity and the user perception rate, and protect the network investment.

Further, the above embodiments of the present disclosure adopt an innovative high-order MIMO configuration scheme, and adopt a specification of setting 8 same-frequency ports, so that the supporting master device can be flexibly configured from 2 channels to 8 channels.

3. The present disclosure employs innovative stereoscopic multi-beam antennas and techniques for constructing multi-beam stereos.

Further, the above embodiments of the present disclosure combine the multi-beam stereo technology to achieve capacity gain and coverage gain, which are as follows:

(1) in the above embodiment of the present disclosure, the single cell adopts an eight-port three-dimensional multi-beam antenna, and 2 dual-band 4T4R modules are combined to open 8 cells (2T2R), so as to finally form a multi-sector of 2T12S sectors.

(2) According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the number of cells is increased through a sector splitting technology, the target area is covered by the beams in a three-dimensional layered manner, and the purpose of improving network coverage is achieved by combining a narrow-wave low-gain antenna.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, on the antenna side: the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna is adopted to replace the existing network common 4-port antenna, the beam covering the target area is three-dimensionally layered, the coverage area of the beam covering the target area is consistent with that of the common 65-degree beam antenna, and the beam covering the target area and the common 65-degree beam antenna can be used in a same site in a mixed mode. And a standard universal electric regulation interface, wherein each beam electric downtilt can be respectively regulated by a background network manager.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, on the RRU side: and replacing the existing network RRU by 2 integrated broadband 4T4R RRUs.

The embodiment of the disclosure adopts a sector splitting and beam-adding three-dimensional layering technology, can successfully realize spatial three-dimensional comprehensive coverage, and has obvious advantages in spectrum use and spatial multiplexing gain.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a plurality of electromagnetic beams for covering can be formed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, each electromagnetic beam has a high isolation degree and a reasonable overlapping coverage area with other electromagnetic beams, and the coverage area is divided into three-dimensional space to form three-dimensional comprehensive coverage.

4. The present disclosure provides an innovative remote control technique for intelligent adjustment of antenna gain and beam.

Fig. 5 is a component view of a radome in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the radome 3 may include a package upper end cap 31 at an upper side, a package lower end cap 33 at a bottom, and a mounting interface 32 at a rear side. Wherein, the lower end cover 33 positioned at the bottom is provided with an electric appliance connector and an interface mark.

Fig. 6 also shows the electrical connection port of the antenna. As shown in fig. 6, the electrical connection port may include 8 radio frequency circuit connection interfaces 331, the radio frequency circuit connection interfaces 331 are configured to transmit radio frequency signals with a Radio Remote Unit (RRU) of a base station, and two control interfaces 332 that satisfy AISG (antenna interface standards group) protocols, and the control interfaces 332 are configured to receive control signals. The lower end cover 33 is further provided with a scale 333 for displaying the inclination angle of the current electromagnetic wave phase to the horizontal direction in the vertical direction, and displaying connection port information and radiation direction information 334. The back of the antenna housing 3 is provided with an installation interface 32, and the installation interface 32 is used for being connected and fixed with the holding pole.

Furthermore, the electronic switch technology is loaded to control the number of vibrators connected into the feed network, so that the functions of remotely adjusting the gain of the three-dimensional wave beams and the width of the vertical plane wave beams are realized, the coverage range of the three-dimensional wave beams can be optimized as required, the power network is optimized and automated (the traditional coverage scheme cannot realize the remote control technology for intelligently adjusting the gain and the wave beams, the electronic switch technology is loaded to control the number of vibrators connected into the feed network, the functions of remotely adjusting the gain of the three-dimensional wave beams and the width of the vertical plane wave beams are realized, the coverage range of the three-dimensional wave beams can be optimized as required, invalid coverage sampling points are.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of antenna gain and beam remote control in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 7, a conductor paddle lever driven by a transmission structure is added to a conventional phase shifter, and the position of the conductor paddle can be changed along with the movement of a transmission lever, so that the number of connected ports is changed, and the number of oscillators connected to a feed network is directly controlled by changing the number of the ports. The whole set of control still follows AISG protocol, can realize the purpose of remote control antenna gain and beam intelligent regulation.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the intelligent electrical tilt control module of the present disclosure may actively adjust the antenna elements, the gain and the horizontal/vertical half-wave power at a cell level according to the test result of DT (Drive test) and/or CQT (Call quality test), MR (measurement report) coverage, and TA (Tracking Area) coverage target Area change, so as to reduce interference and increase deep coverage capability.

The embodiment of the present disclosure may be based on an AI (Artificial Intelligence) intelligent beam remote control technology, and by means of centralized analysis and processing of AI big data, the number of accessed users, the user experience speed, time parameters, and the like, the number of vibrators accessed to an antenna feed network is remotely and automatically controlled, the gain and the vertical plane beam width of an antenna beam are changed, and intelligent adjustment of the antenna beam is realized, and unified management is performed through a centralized network management platform.

5. The present disclosure provides a new multi-beam interference suppression technique.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of an antenna shaped backplane in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the antenna realizes the dual-beam antenna through the special-shaped bottom plate scheme, and the isolation between beams can be reduced from-17 dB to-30 dB compared with the dual-beam antenna in the conventional scheme of the related art, so that the interference between beams is greatly reduced, and the network coverage effect is improved.

Conventional multi-beams of the related art are realized by using couplers and electric bridges, which results in the isolation between beams being only about-17 dB. By the aid of the special-shaped bent bottom plate, the electromagnetic wave beam direction of the bottom plate is directly changed, the problem of poor isolation caused by a coupler and a bridge can be solved, and the isolation between ports can be improved to be lower than-30 dB.

Further, in a specific embodiment, the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna may further include the following technical means:

fig. 9 is an antenna element array layout of a volumetric multi-beam antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 9, the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna of the present disclosure may include two dual-beam sub-arrays, each of which 21 and 22 is composed of a radiation array 2, six beam forming networks 5, and one phase shifter 4. The two dual-beam sub-arrays 21, 22 may be stacked on the base plate 1 up and down, or disposed on both sides of the base plate 1 in bilateral symmetry.

The radiation arrays 2 corresponding to the two dual-beam sub-arrays are matrix arrays and respectively comprise six rows of radiation units, each row of radiation units comprises four radiation units, and the four radiation units are horizontally arranged along a straight line.

The radiating elements of the matrix array are equally spaced horizontally and equally spaced vertically, with the first radiating element in each row being either level or staggered. Each radiating element comprises two dipole elements of + -45 polarization orthogonal to each other.

Fig. 10 is a front view and a right view of a beamforming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a beam forming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 10, each sub-array may contain six beam forming networks 5. Eight output ends of each beam forming network 5 are respectively 505 to 5012 ports; the number of the input ends is four, and the input ends are respectively ports 501 to 504. As shown in fig. 11, each beam forming network 5 is comprised of a cover 5013, a network 5014, and a cavity 5015. The network 5014 has two layers of identical circuits, each layer of circuit includes a plurality of 90-degree mixers and power dividers, the input ports 501 and 503 are upper layer circuit input terminals, the input ports 502 and 504 are lower layer circuit input terminals, the

output ports

505, 507, 509 and 5011 are upper layer network output terminals, and the

output ports

506, 508, 5010 and 5012 are lower layer circuit output terminals. The phases of the

output ports

505, 507, 509 and 5011 are in 90 or-90 degree phase increment relation, so that the radiation unit array radiates electromagnetic waves to realize two electromagnetic beams required on a horizontal plane after radiation far-field superposition. Similarly, the phases of the

output ports

506, 508, 5010, 5012 are in 90 or-90 degree phase increment relationship, so that the two electromagnetic beams required on the horizontal plane can be realized after the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiation unit array are superposed in the radiation far field.

Fig. 12 is a diagram of the connection of the lower layer of the beam forming network to the elements of the radiating array in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 12, four radiating elements of each row are connected to the output of the beam forming network. Specifically, each row of +45 dipole elements is connected to an

output port

505, 507, 509, 5011 of the beam forming network 5.

Fig. 13 is a diagram of the connection of elements of the upper layer of the beam forming network and the radiating array in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 13, each row-45 dipole is connected to an

output port

506, 508, 5010, 5012 of the beam forming network 5.

Fig. 14 is a phase shifter port diagram (front, left, right) in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 14, the phase shifter 4 of the embodiment of fig. 3 has two layers of the same structure, and each layer of the structure is symmetrically provided with power dividers and phase shifter sub-units with the same structure and function. Each phase shifter has four input ports 4025 to 4028 and twenty-four output ports 4001 to 4024. When the pull rod 4029 is at different positions, the phase

shifter output ports

4001, 4003, 4005, 4007, 4009 and 4011 output the radio frequency signals of the input port 4025 as radio frequency models with specified power but arranged in an arithmetic progression of phases, and the phase shifter output port is connected to a beam forming network connected to the radiating array. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiation array have a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane in the vertical direction after being superposed in the radiation far field; similarly, the phase shifter output ends 4002, 4004, 4006, 4008, 4010, and 4012 output the radio frequency signal of the input end 4026 as a radio frequency model with specified power but with phases arranged in an arithmetic progression, so that the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation array has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane in the vertical direction after being superimposed in the radiation far field.

Fig. 15 is a connection diagram of a phase shifter lower layer and a beam forming network lower layer in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 15, the phase shifter lower layer is connected to the beam forming network lower layer.

Fig. 16 is a connection diagram of upper layers of phase shifters and upper layers of a beam forming network in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 16, the upper layer of the phase shifter is connected to the upper layer of the beam forming network, and the output ports of the phase shifter are connected to the beam forming network in a one-to-one correspondence in order from top to bottom.

Figure 17 coupling diagram of mobile phase input port to radome bottom radio frequency interface in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 17, the

input ports

4025, 4026, 4027, and 4028 of the phase shifters correspond to the radiating element array 21, and the left and right beams of the same polarization are directed upward. The input ends 4125, 4126, 4127, 4128 of the phase shifters are connected to the rf interface of the radome lower end cap. The corresponding radiating element array 22 includes left and right vertical beam pointing downtilts. Fig. 18 horizontal plane patterns of electromagnetic waves radiated by an antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 19 vertical plane directional diagrams of electromagnetic waves radiated by antennas in some embodiments of the present disclosure. The antenna horizontal and vertical patterns are shown in fig. 18 and 19, respectively.

Fig. 20 is a connection diagram of a phase shifter to a tilt controller tie bar in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 17 and 20. The

phase shifter levers

4029, 4030, 4129, 4130 receive the vertical displacement signals output from the tilt controller 6, and output signals of different phases at their output terminals, thereby controlling the tilt angle of the electromagnetic waves in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal plane.

Further, as shown in fig. 9-20, the radiating element array 21 suppresses the lower side lobe by performing precise power distribution and phase distribution balancing through the phase shifter 40 and the

beam forming networks

50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56. The radiation unit array 22 suppresses the upper side lobe by performing accurate power distribution and phase distribution balancing through the phase shifter 41 and the

beam forming networks

57, 58, 59, 510, 511, 512, and ensures that the electromagnetic wave beam has a relatively independent main coverage area.

Table 1 shows the electrical index of the stereoscopic multi-beam antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Table 2 shows mechanical indicators of the multi-beam stereo antenna in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 21 shows the corresponding relationship between the beams B1, B2, B3 and the connection ports of the antenna electrical equipment in the embodiment of fig. 6.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

Some embodiments of the present disclosure also tested the performance of the disclosed stereoscopic multi-beam antenna. The disclosed process of testing stereo multi-beam antenna performance may include:

1, determining a sample cell screening principle:

boiling point region high load TOP cell: the screening condition is that a single cell is busy with a single carrier and a double carrier, and the utilization ratio of a Physical Resource Block (PRB) (& gt 80%) is greater than 130& downlink pdcp (packet Data Convergence protocol) packet Data Convergence protocol traffic is greater than 7G & user experience rate is less than 4M. And (3) counting the caliber: and the traffic network is busy for 12 months to 2 months.

And 2, determining the range and the scene of the sample cell: the large business circles such as the northriver of Chongqing city, Yubei and sandlevel dam, high-flow intensive business buildings and high-intensive residential districts.

Fig. 22 is a statistical plot of high boiling point cells in some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 22, 20 TOP cells were screened according to the rule of step 1.3 kwan-yin bridge quotient circle boiling cells were selected from the 20 TOP cells, and figure 23 is a schematic of 3 pilot sites selected in some embodiments of the disclosure.

Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of the stereo multi-beam antenna and the remote radio module in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

And 4, analyzing experimental performance data of the pilot site.

4-1, site 1 Experimental data

1. DT and CQT coverage index comparison before and after reconstruction

(1) Outdoor index comparison

Table 3 is a table of site 1 coverage performance indicators. As shown in table 3, the modified and optimized average downlink throughput is increased from 15.53Mbps to 16.43 Mbps, the average RSRP (Reference Signal Receiving Power) is increased from-71.18 dBm to-70.01 dBm, the average SINR (Signal to Interference plus noise ratio) is decreased from 6.78dB to 6.66dB, the modified and optimized RSRP and the sensing rate are both significantly increased, and the SINR value is substantially equal.

TABLE 3

(2) Indoor index comparison

(2-1) the test condition of the civil bank building is shown as the CQT indoor index in Table 4:

TABLE 4

(2-2) the comparative indexes of the Sunning mall building test are shown in the CQT indoor indexes in Table 5.

TABLE 5

And (4) conclusion: the RSRP, the SINR and the speed are improved to a certain extent through indoor comparison tests before and after transformation, and particularly the deep coverage of high-rise buildings is improved obviously.

2. Key Performance Indicator (KPI) index comparison before and after modification

(1) Indexes of the previous week and the next week are as follows:

the site 1FRRU (4T4R)2 cell (dual carrier) completes the modification in 26 days of 1 month, and the index proportion of the whole day in 2 weeks before and after the modification is shown in table 6 by comparing the same period of time, i.e., 19 days to 22 days of 1 month before the modification and 26 days to 29 days of 1 month after the modification.

TABLE 6

Compared with the all-day indexes before and after modification, the number of the modified absorbed users is increased by 120%, the flow is increased by 24.73%, the utilization rate of the downlink PRB is reduced by 12.62%, wherein the CQI is a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI).

(2) Three weeks before and after and three months and one week: the whole day period, as shown in table 7.

TABLE 7

Compared with the all-day indexes around before and after modification, the number of the modified absorbing users is increased by 20% -87%, the flow is increased by 24.93% -71%, the utilization rate of downlink PRB is reduced by 16.26% -31%, and the user experience rate is increased to 8.24Mbps with an increase of 134%.

3. The busy hour indexes before and after reconstruction are compared as follows:

(1) the comparison of the busy hour indexes of one week before and after the transformation is shown in table 8:

TABLE 8

Compared with busy hour indexes, the number of the modified absorbing users is increased by 24.53%, the flow is increased by 28.61%, the utilization rate of the downlink PRB is reduced by 28.62 percentage points, and the perception is basically leveled.

(2) A comparison of the busy hour indices three weeks before and after transformation is shown in table 9:

TABLE 9

Compared with the indexes of busy periods of three weeks before and after modification, the number of the modified absorbing users is increased by 15% -47%, the flow is increased by 45% -99.29%, the utilization rate of downlink PRB is reduced by 16.26% -31%, and the user experience rate is increased to 8.75Mbps and increased by 218%.

4. Before and after reconstruction SEQ (Call service) index comparison

Comparing the same period of time, namely, 19 days to 26 days before modification and 28 days to 3 days after modification, the daily average index pair of one week is shown in table 10:

watch 10

Comparing the SEQ indexes before and after modification, the daily average flow is increased from 119.07GB to 201.66GB and the flow is increased by 69.39%, and the downloading rate of the video streaming media is increased from 2070.02Kbps to 2186.22 Kbps.

4.2, site 2 Experimental data

1. DT and CQT coverage index comparison before and after reconstruction

(1) And outdoor index pair ratio are shown in table 11.

The improved and optimized average downlink throughput rate and average RSRP are obviously improved, and the average SINR is basically equal.

TABLE 11

(2) Indoor index comparison

Indoor coverage area: mainly covers a new one-street business flat floor and a 1# -3# high-rise office building, and the office building is not divided into rooms.

Indoor tests were conducted on the covered commercial buildings before and after the antenna modification, and the test conditions of the CQT indexes are shown in table 12.

TABLE 12

And (4) conclusion: after the district of foreign trade building of customs in the north of the Yangtze river is transformed by a plurality of antennas in three-dimensional wave beams, the indoor comparison test result shows that the deep coverage and the speed of the high layer are obviously improved.

2. Comparison of KPI indexes before and after reconstruction

The site 2FRRU1 cell completes the reforming in 1 month 31 days, and the indexes before and after reforming are shown in table 13 by comparing the same period of time, i.e., 25 days-1 month 30 days before reforming, and 12 days-2 month 24 days after reforming (the main town store bushel people have large loss during the spring festival, and the indexes are not referred to) with 3.25-3.31 days after reforming.

Watch 13

Compared with the all-day indexes before and after modification, the number of the modified absorbing users is increased by 131.3%, the flow is increased by 153.21%, the utilization rate of downlink PRB is reduced by 49.8%, and the downlink sensing rate is improved by 195% -433.55%.

3. Busy hour index comparison before and after reconstruction

TABLE 14

As shown in table 14 for busy hour index comparison before and after modification. Compared with busy hour indexes before and after modification, the number of the users absorbed after modification is increased by 69.71-103.5%, the flow is increased by 239.74-270.3%, the utilization rate of downlink PRB is reduced by 51.98-54.95%, and the downlink sensing rate is increased by 318-668.6%.

4. SEQ perception index

The comparison of the same period of time, i.e., 24 days to 30 days before the modification and 24 days to 30 days after the modification from 3 months and 24 days to 3 months and 30 days after the modification, is shown in Table 15.

Watch 15

Comparing the indexes of SEQ before and after modification, the daily average flow is increased from 81.43GB to 215.48GB and the flow is increased by 164.42%, the page opening time delay is reduced from 2383ms to 2085ms, the time delay is reduced by 12.51%, the downloading rate of the video streaming media is increased from 1414.65Kbps to 1553.29Kbps, and the downloading rate is increased by 9.80%.

4 th-3, site 3 Experimental data

1. DT and CQT coverage index comparison before and after reconstruction

(1) Outdoor index comparison

As shown in the DT coverage index of table 16, DT tests were performed before and after modification of office building 2 cell (4T4R) of the north and south branch office, and after modification, each index of 1.8G and 2.1G was improved, and the overall index was improved.

TABLE 16

(2) Indoor index comparison

Indoor coverage area: mainly covers 1# -7# high-rise buildings of the coverage area of the branches in the north and the south. The depth coverage integral indexes of indoor comparison test are greatly improved before and after the antenna is transformed.

(2-1) Table 17 shows the 1.8G CQT indexes of buildings near the office buildings of the Jiangbei branch company.

TABLE 17

(2-2) indexes of 2.1g-CQT of buildings near office buildings of Jiangbei division are shown in Table 18.

Watch 18

2. Comparison of KPI indexes before and after reconstruction

The FRRUFRRU of the office building of the Jiangbei division company finishes rectification within 28 days of 3 months, and compares the same time period, namely 21 days to 27 days of 3 months before the rectification and 28 days to 3 days of 4 months after the rectification, and the busy hour all-day index pair is shown in a table 19:

watch 19

Compared with various indexes before and after modification, the user is increased by 19%, the PRB utilization rate is reduced by 52.9%, the flow is increased by 10%, and the user perception rate is increased by 14%.

3. Busy hour index comparison before and after reconstruction

The indexes before and after the comparative transformation are shown in table 20, the user increases 17.9%, the PRB utilization rate is reduced by 44.5%, the traffic increases 36.91%, and the user perception rate increases 50.6%

Watch 20

4. SEQ perception index

As shown in the comparison of the SEQ day-average indexes before and after modification in table 21, the daily average traffic increases by 10.45% in comparison with the same period of time, that is, 21 days to 26 days before modification and 27 days to 1 day after modification, the page opening delay is reduced from 1649ms to 1732ms, the delay is increased by 5.04%, and the video streaming download rate is increased by 3.40%.

Watch 20

And (3) knotting: after the FRRU2 of the office building of the Jiangbei division company is transformed, the coverage area is reduced under the influence of antenna characteristics, interference is effectively controlled through field RF optimization and parameter optimization and adjustment, and indoor depth coverage indexes are greatly improved compared with those before optimization. After the transformation, the coverage class, KPI and SEQ class perception indexes of the cell are obviously increased, and the user perception is effectively improved.

From summary of the test point site experiments of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, it can be seen that, from DT/CQT test coverage performance of a test point cell, L TE network management statistics KPI and SEQ perception indicators comprehensive analysis of a DPI platform:

1. the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure can form a plurality of electromagnetic beams for covering in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so as to form comprehensive coverage of a three-dimensional space in a coverage area, and particularly, the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna has an obvious effect on solving the problem of deep coverage of high-rise buildings.

2. According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the existing network antenna or the newly-built station is replaced, and the 4T4R equipment is used in a matching manner, so that the single-cell capacity is equivalent to the sum of a plurality of cells, the frequency capacity is quickly multiplied, and the wireless air interface capacity and the user perception rate are greatly improved. There are significant advantages in spectral use and spatial multiplexing gain.

The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure employ an electromagnetic wave spatial division technique, and can form the structure and arrangement of components of a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna of a plurality of electromagnetic beams in horizontal and vertical planes.

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless access system, which improves spectrum efficiency and spatial multiplexing gain by using a three-dimensional multi-beam antenna, and cooperates with 2 single/dual-band 4T4R devices, thereby enhancing the deep coverage capability of a network, improving the air interface capacity of a wireless network, and solving the problems of cell capacity and load.

The coverage scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure can avoid adding stations and poles under the condition that relevant four-frequency resources and sky resources are limited, has small property coordination and engineering implementation difficulty, short reconstruction period and low investment cost, and supports smooth evolution to 5G. The embodiment of the disclosure can realize the rapid creation of a large-capacity network 7 times of the existing network, and the realized capacity gain is more than 80%. The capacity and the coverage problem in the boiling point area are solved, the capacity can be rapidly increased, the capacity of the boiling point network is greatly improved, the capacity pressure of a public praise scene is effectively relieved, the user experience rate is improved, and meanwhile the high-level deep coverage is improved. Compared with other related technologies, the embodiment of the disclosure has obvious advantages in spectrum use and spatial multiplexing gain, and better conforms to the current development trend of intelligent, intensive and fine network quality improvement

Before the embodiment of the disclosure is adopted, the station load is very high, the number of surrounding stations is large, the electromagnetic environment is complex, and the problems cannot be solved by a common capacity expansion means. According to the embodiment of the disclosure, two high-load and high-flow boiling points of the Chongqing business district are transformed, the coverage type index of the modified district is improved, and the capacity and the user experience data are obviously improved. Especially, after the technology is transformed, the frequency bandwidth is in a certain condition, the capacity of a single cell is equivalent to the sum of a plurality of cells, and the capacity multiplication is realized: the number of users is increased by 70%, the traffic is increased by 239.74%, the utilization rate of the downlink PRB is reduced by 51.98%, the user experience speed is improved by 668.50%, the network capacity is greatly increased, the network load is reduced, and the user perception download rate is improved.

Thus far, the present disclosure has been described in detail. Some details that are well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure. It will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description how to practice the presently disclosed embodiments.

The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims

1. The three-dimensional multi-beam antenna is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a radiation array, an antenna cover, an inclination angle controller, a phase shifter and a plurality of beam forming networks;

2. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1,

the bottom plate is fixedly arranged in the antenna housing, the radiation array is arranged on the bottom plate, and the beam forming network, the phase shifter and the inclination angle controller are arranged on the bottom plate;

the radiating array is connected with the beam forming network and the phase shifter, and the inclination angle controller drives the phase shifter.

3. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the radiation array at least comprises two sub-arrays, and the beam forming network comprises two independent sub-networks;

each sub-array is independently connected with at least one beam forming network and a phase shifter, so that independent feeding and phase shifting of each sub-array are realized;

the electromagnetic waves radiated by each sub-array are superposed into two electromagnetic beams in a radiation far field.

4. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 3,

the radiating array comprises two sub-arrays;

the four electromagnetic wave beams adopt a frequency division duplex multi-beam covering mode;

the radio electromagnetic wave signals in two different frequency bands are overlapped in space to form two groups of four electromagnetic wave beams which are overlapped in space;

the four electromagnetic wave beams include two stereo beams and two horizontal beams.

5. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the upward inclination angles of the electromagnetic wave beams in the vertical direction can be independently adjusted according to the covering requirement.

6. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna comprises 8 same-frequency ports;

the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna can be connected with at least one of the double-transmitting double-receiving remote radio unit, the four-transmitting four-receiving remote radio unit and the eight-transmitting eight-receiving remote radio unit.

7. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna is combined with the dual-frequency four-transmitting four-receiving remote radio unit, 8 cells are opened, and a dual-channel 12-sector is formed.

8. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the three-dimensional multi-beam antenna comprises a special-shaped bent bottom plate.

9. The stereoscopic multi-beam antenna of claim 1 or 2,

the number of vibrators connected into the feed network is controlled by the loaded electronic switching technology.

10. A network access system comprising an intelligent electrical tilt control module, a distributed access module, and a stereoscopic multi-beam antenna according to any one of claims 1-9.