WO2022147775A1

WO2022147775A1 - Antenna apparatus and base station

Info

Publication number: WO2022147775A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/070905
Authority: WO
Inventors: 赵建尧; 种稚萌
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-01-08
Filing date: 2021-01-08
Publication date: 2022-07-14

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna apparatus and a base station. The antenna apparatus comprises an antenna module and a gain component. The gain component is disposed at an interval from the antenna module and is located in the direction of radiation of the antenna module. The gain component comprises multiple gain bodies, and the multiple gain bodies are arranged in an array. The phases of electromagnetic wave signals are changed by means of the gain bodies transmitting electromagnetic wave signals of the antenna module so as to increase communication capacity, or the gain bodies scatter the electromagnetic wave signals to improve the communication capacity. The antenna apparatus provided by the present application has a high carrying capacity for communication capacity.

Description

Antenna device and base station

technical field

The present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna device and a base station.

Background technique

5G communication systems have higher requirements on system capacity, spectrum efficiency, etc., especially in high-traffic locations, such as popular business districts, stadiums, and high-rise residential quarters. However, due to the limitations of the operator's requirements, the shortage of space resources on the tower, and the wind resistance requirements of equipment, the size of the commercial base station is limited to a large extent, which restricts the bearable communication capacity of a single base station in the communication system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna device and a base station, and obtain an antenna device and a base station with high communication capacity bearing capacity.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device. The antenna device includes an antenna module and a gain assembly, the gain assembly is spaced from the antenna module and is located in the radiation direction of the antenna module, the gain assembly includes a plurality of gain bodies, a plurality of the gain The body is arranged in an array, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal is changed to improve the communication capacity through the transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module by the gain body, or the scattering of the electromagnetic wave signal by the gain body improves the communication capacity. communication capacity.

The multiple gain bodies of the antenna device of the present application are arranged in an array and are arranged in the radiation direction of the antenna module. The gain body transmits the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module, or the gain body scatters the electromagnetic wave signal, thereby changing the In the communication propagation environment around the antenna device, the correlated low-rank model is transformed into an uncorrelated high-rank model, which improves the communication capacity of the antenna device, and further improves the capacity of the base station and the communication system with the antenna device.

In some possible implementations, the area of the gain component is greater than or equal to 125% of the antenna area of the antenna module, so as to ensure that in most macro station environments, the incoming waves of signals from different directions pass through the gain component and reach the antenna module. The communication capacity of the antenna device is effectively improved, and the communication capacity of the base station and the communication system having the antenna device is further improved. It can be understood that the sky area of the antenna module is the length and width of the antenna module.

In some possible implementations, the gain body includes a substrate and a metal patch, the metal patch is arranged on the substrate, and the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted through the area of the substrate without the metal patch, changing the The phase of the electromagnetic wave signal improves the communication capacity of the antenna device.

In some possible implementation manners, the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 0.1-0.5 wavelengths, which can ensure that the gain component can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system. It can be understood that the distance between the gain component and the antenna module may be the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain component and the antenna module. That is to say, both the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain component and the antenna module need to satisfy the above-mentioned restrictions, so as to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity.

In some possible implementation manners, the interval between any two adjacent gain bodies is 0.1 wavelength, so as to ensure that the gain components can effectively improve the communication capacity.

In some possible implementations, the length and width of the metal patch are both 0.2 to 0.3 wavelengths, so as to achieve a good phase control effect and improve the transmission amplitude of the gain component. If the length and width of the metal patch are too small, it will be weakened. For the phase adjustment of different incoming waves, the length and width of the metal patch will reduce the transmission amplitude of the signal.

In some possible implementations, the shape of the metal patch is a circle, a cross or a diamond.

In some possible implementation manners, the shapes of the metal patches of each of the gain bodies in the gain components are the same or not the same.

In some possible implementations, the dielectric constant of the substrate is 4-7 to ensure that the dielectric constant of the substrate 1 is relatively high, the gain body can control the multipath transmission phase difference range, and the communication capacity of the antenna device can be improved. At the same time, when the dielectric constant is between 4 and 7, the thickness can ensure the working bandwidth of the antenna module. If the dielectric constant of the substrate is low, it will not only affect the gain body to control the multipath transmission retardation range, but also make the substrate thicker and increase the weight and volume.

In some possible implementations, the gain body is a dielectric sphere, and the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module is transmitted through the dielectric sphere, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal is changed to improve the communication capacity of the antenna device.

In some possible implementation manners, the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 0.2-0.5 wavelengths, which can ensure that the gain component can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system.

In some possible implementations, the dielectric constant of the dielectric sphere is 4 to 7 to ensure that the dielectric constant of the dielectric sphere is relatively high, the dielectric sphere can be well regulated in phase, and the communication capacity of the antenna device and the base station is improved.

In some possible implementation manners, the distance between any two adjacent dielectric spheres is 0.5-1 wavelength, which can ensure that the gain component can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system.

In some possible implementation manners, the gain body is a metal sheet, and the metal sheet scatters the electromagnetic wave signal to improve communication capacity.

In some possible implementation manners, the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 3-10 wavelengths, which can ensure that the gain component can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system.

In some possible implementations, the length and width of the metal sheet are both 0.2-0.3 wavelengths, so as to achieve the effect of improving the propagation channel and reduce the correlation between the antennas of the antenna module.

In some possible implementation manners, the metal sheet includes a sub-metal sheet, and the sub-metal sheet is one piece, or the sub-metal sheet is a plurality of sub-metal sheets, and the plurality of sub-metal sheets are arranged in layers. The multi-sheet metal sheet structure can increase the scattering path.

In some possible implementations, the gain component is a plane array, a curved surface array or a near-curved surface array, so as to adjust the downtilt angle of the radiation direction of the antenna module, so as to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity of the gain component.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station, the base station includes a beautifying cover and the above-mentioned antenna device, the antenna module is located in the beautifying cover, and the gain component is disposed on the beautifying cover. The base station with the antenna device has higher communication capacity carrying capacity.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station, where the base station includes a fixing frame and the above-mentioned antenna device, and the gain component is arranged on the fixing frame. The base station with the antenna device has higher communication capacity carrying capacity.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station in the communication system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a simple structural schematic diagram of the antenna device of the base station shown in FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 is another angle structure schematic diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 3;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an uncorrelated high-rank model;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a relevant low-rank model;

7 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a gain component in the antenna device shown in FIG. 4;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a gain body in the gain assembly shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the gain component shown in FIG. 7 on the signal;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the gain body shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the gain component shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a gain body of the antenna device shown in FIG. 12;

Fig. 14 is the simulation result diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 12;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a gain component of the antenna device shown in FIG. 15;

Fig. 17 is the simulation phase distribution diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 15;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the gain component shown in FIG. 18 on the signal;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device shown in FIG. 18 .

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. Orientation terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., only refer to the directions of the drawings. Therefore, the orientation terms used are for better, To clearly describe and understand the embodiments of the present application, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. "Plurality" means at least two.

The 5G communication system has higher requirements on system capacity and spectral efficiency, especially in high-traffic locations, such as popular business districts, stadiums, high-rise residential quarters, etc. The limited size of base stations greatly restricts communication. The bearable communication capacity of a single base station in the system. This is limited by the operator's requirements, the shortage of space resources on the tower, and the wind resistance requirements of the equipment.

Based on the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a communication system 100 and a base station 10, which solve the problem that the communication capacity of the communication system 100 is small. Specifically, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station 10 in the communication system 100 shown in FIG. 1; 2 is a schematic diagram of a simple structure of the antenna device 10a of the base station 10; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another angular structure of the structure shown in FIG. 3 .

The communication system 100 includes a base station 10 and a user equipment 20. The base station 10, also known as eNB or gNB, is a bridge connecting the core network and the user equipment 20 for transmitting or receiving signals and providing mobile communication for the user equipment 20. User equipment 20 may be a mobile device. The base station 10 includes an antenna device 10a, and the antenna device 10a includes an antenna module 11 and a gain assembly 12. The antenna module 11 is a MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna module, and the gain assembly 12 and the antenna module 11 are spaced apart and located at the The radiation direction of the antenna module 11, the gain assembly 12 includes a plurality of gain bodies 121 (FIG. 7), and the plurality of gain bodies 121 are arranged in an array. The electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module 11 is transmitted by the gain body 121 to change the electromagnetic wave signal. In order to improve the communication capacity, or the gain body 121 scatters the electromagnetic wave signal, the communication capacity is improved, and the communication capacity of the base station 10 and the communication system 100 is further improved.

It can be understood that the MIMO technology refers to using multiple transmit antennas and receive antennas at the transmit end and the receive end, respectively, so that signals are transmitted and received through the multiple antennas at the transmit end and the receive end, thereby improving communication quality. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, MIMO channel models are roughly divided into three categories, an uncorrelated high-rank model (as shown in Figure 5), a correlated low-rank model (as shown in Figure 6), and an uncorrelated low-rank model. The ideal channel model is generally referred to as an uncorrelated high-rank model, and a high rank means that it can have a larger capacity when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient. It is assumed that the distance between the base station 10 and the user equipment 20 is large enough and the local scatterers are abundant enough to ensure that the signal experiences IID fading. Only uncorrelated high-rank model channels can achieve theoretically high system capacity gains.

In a typical urban macro base station environment, the scatterers around the user equipment 20 such as mobile phones are very rich. Considering that the base station 10 is generally located at a high position and has few nearby scatterers, this scenario is very similar to the above-mentioned related low-rank model. The antenna device 10a of the base station 10 of the present application includes a gain assembly 12, a plurality of gain bodies 121 are arranged in an array, and are arranged in the radiation direction of the antenna module 11, through the gain body 121 to transmit the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module 11, or , through the scattering of the electromagnetic wave signal by the gain body 121, thereby changing the communication propagation environment around the base station 10, transforming the relevant low-rank model into an uncorrelated high-rank model, improving the communication capacity of the antenna device 10a, and further improving the base station 10 and the communication system 100 capacity. Of course, in other embodiments, the user equipment 20 may also be a non-removable device.

In this embodiment, the base station 10 may be installed in a high position such as a utility pole or a building. The base station 10 further includes a beautifying cover 13 , the antenna module 11 of the antenna device 10 a is located in the beautifying cover 13 , and the gain component 12 is disposed on the beautifying cover 13 . Specifically, the gain component 12 may be disposed on the inner surface of the beautifying cover 13 or may be disposed on the outer surface of the beautifying cover 13 . The gain element 12 shown in FIG. 2 is disposed on the outer surface of the beautifying cover 13 . The beautification cover 13 is used to protect the electronic components of the base station 10 from being affected by the environment, and at the same time, the beautification cover 13 is also used to beautify the environment. In the present application, the gain element 12 is arranged on the beautifying cover 13 to avoid introducing other structures to fix the gain element 12 , which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the base station 10 . Of course, in other embodiments, the base station 10 may further include a fixing frame, and the gain component 12 is arranged on the fixing frame. The fixing frame may be a frame body for carrying the gain component 12, or may be a cover body or other decorative parts that also have a beautifying effect. Alternatively, the gain component 12 may also be fixed on objects around the base station 10 .

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the antenna module 11 includes an antenna 111 and a reflector 112 , and the reflector 112 is provided on the side of the antenna 111 facing away from the gain component 12 . In this embodiment, there are four antennas 111 , and the four antennas 111 are arranged on the reflector 112 at intervals to form an array antenna 111 . The antenna 111 is a 1*4 dual-polarized microstrip antenna with a horizontal interval of half wavelength, and the center frequency is 2.6 GHz. The reflector 112 in this embodiment is beneficial to adjust the radiation direction of the antenna module 11 and improve the gain of the antenna module 11 . Of course, in other embodiments, the antenna may also be other antennas than the microstrip antenna. Alternatively, the number of the antennas 111 of the antenna module 11 may also be one or more. Alternatively, the antenna 111 may not be provided on the reflector 112 . The antenna module 11 may also include only the antenna 111 .

Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 together. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the gain element 12 in the antenna device 10 a shown in FIG. 4 .

In this embodiment, the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 is 0.1˜0.5 (including 0.1 and 0.5) wavelengths, which can ensure that the gain component 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system 100 . It can be understood that the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may be the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 . That is to say, both the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain element 12 and the antenna module 11 need to satisfy the above-mentioned restrictions, so as to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity. The gain element 12 is formed by a plurality of gain bodies 121 arranged in a spaced array. The interval between any two adjacent gain bodies 121 is 0.1 wavelength to ensure that the gain component 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity. Of course, in other embodiments, the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may also be other wavelengths except 0.1-0.5 wavelengths. Alternatively, the interval between any two adjacent gain bodies 121 may also be other wavelengths other than 0.1 wavelength.

It can be understood that the gain element 12 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 is a planar array. In other embodiments, considering that the downtilt angle of the radiation direction of the antenna module 11 of the antenna device 10a will be adjusted, in order to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity of the gain component 12, the gain component 12 can also cooperate with the radiation direction of the antenna module 11. The downtilt of is adjusted to a surface pattern or a near-surface pattern.

In this embodiment, the area of the gain component 12 is greater than or equal to 125% of the antenna area of the antenna module 11, so as to ensure that in most macro station environments, incoming waves of signals from different directions pass through the gain component 12 and then reach the antenna module 11. The communication capacity of the antenna device 10a is effectively improved, and the communication capacity of the base station 10 and the communication system 100 is further improved. It can be understood that the sky area of the antenna module 11 is the length and width of the antenna module 11 .

Please refer to FIGS. 8-9 in conjunction. FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the gain body 121 in the gain component 12 shown in FIG. 7 . FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the gain element 12 shown in FIG. 7 on the signal.

Specifically, the gain body 121 includes a substrate 1211 , a metal patch 1212 and a metal frame 1213 . The substrate 1211 includes a mounting surface 1211a, and a metal patch 1212 is formed on the mounting surface 1211a. Specifically, both the metal patch 1212 and the metal frame 1213 can be formed on the mounting surface 1211a of the substrate 1211 by an etching process, or can be fixed on the mounting surface 1211a of the substrate 1211 by a process such as bonding and clamping. The electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module 11 is transmitted through the area of the substrate 1211 where the metal patch 1212 is not provided, so that the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal is changed, and the communication capacity of the antenna device 10a is improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the metal patch and the metal frame may also be arranged on the surface of the substrate facing away from the mounting surface, or the metal patch may be arranged inside the substrate. Alternatively, the gain body may also include only the substrate and the metal patch.

It can be understood that the gain body 121 improves the communication capacity of the antenna device 10 a by increasing the transmission phase difference and transmission amplitude of the multipath of the signal, thereby prompting the communication capacity of the base station 10 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 , when the electromagnetic wave signal from the environment or the electromagnetic wave signal from the antenna module 11 passes through the gain element 12, since the gain element 12 is added with a gain body 121, it has a non-uniform structure, and the same electromagnetic wave signal penetrates the gain. Different parts of the assembly 12 experience different phases. At the same time, the electromagnetic wave signals of different angles experience different phases when penetrating the gain component 12, thus changing the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave signal, so that the electromagnetic wave signals reaching different ports of the antenna module 11 present a larger phase difference, reducing the correlation between ports. This improves the communication capacity of the antenna device 10a.

In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the substrate 1211 is 4 to 7 (including 4 and 7), so as to ensure that the dielectric constant of the substrate 1211 is relatively high, to ensure that the gain body 121 can control the multipath transmission phase difference range, and to improve the dielectric constant of the antenna device 10a. communication capacity. Meanwhile, when the dielectric constant is between 4 and 7, the thickness can ensure the working bandwidth of the antenna module 11 . If the dielectric constant of the substrate 1211 is low, it will not only affect the gain body 121 to control the multipath transmission retardation range, but also make the substrate 1211 thicker and increase the weight and volume.

7 and 8 , in this embodiment, the shape of the metal patch 1212 of each gain body 121 in the gain element 12 is the same. The metal patch 1212 is cross-shaped, and the length and width of the metal patch 1212 are both 0.2-0.3 (including 0.2 and 0.3) wavelengths, so as to achieve a good phase control effect and improve the transmission amplitude of the gain component 12. The metal patch 1212 If the length and width of the metal patch 1212 are too small, the phase regulation of different incoming waves will be weakened, and if the length and width of the metal patch 1212 are too large, the transmission amplitude of the signal will be reduced. For example, the specific dimensions of the metal patch 1212 can be found in Table 1 below. Of course, in other embodiments, the shape of the metal patch 1212 may also be a circle (as shown in FIG. 10 ), or other shapes such as a rhombus. It can be understood that the length and width of the metal patch 1212 are respectively the maximum length or width of the metal patch in two vertical directions. When the metal patch 1212 is circular, the length and width of the metal patch 1212 are diameters.

Table 1 is the size information of the gain body 121 (780MHz frequency band)

It can be understood that, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the substrate 1211 of each gain body 121 and the substrate 1211 of the adjacent gain body 121 are arranged at intervals. The shape of the metal patch 1212 of each gain body 121 in the gain element 12 is the same. Of course, in other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 11 , the substrates 1211 of all the gain bodies 121 in the same gain component 12 and the substrates 1211 of the adjacent gain bodies 121 are integrally formed, or it can be understood as the same gain component 12 All of the gain bodies 121 share one substrate. And the shape of the metal patch 1212 of each gain body 121 in the gain element 12 may not be exactly the same, for example, the shape of some metal patches 1212 is circular, and the shape of some metal patches 1212 is cross-shaped. The size of the sheet 1212 may also vary.

Please refer to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 . FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device 10 a shown in FIG. 3 . FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the gain body 121 of the antenna device 10a shown in FIG. 12 .

In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 , the gain component 12 of the antenna device 10a is spaced by a plurality of gain bodies 121, the gain body 121 includes a substrate 1211, a metal patch 1212 and a metal frame 1213, and the substrate 1211 includes a plurality of sub-plates The substrate 1211b. In this embodiment, the substrate 1211 includes three sub-substrates 1211b. The three sub-substrates 1211b are stacked. The shape of the metal patch 1212 may be a cross, a circle, or other shapes. In this embodiment, the shapes of the metal patches 1212 of different gain bodies 121 in the same gain element 12 include a cross shape or a circle shape. Of course, in other embodiments, the metal patch and the metal frame may also be disposed on the surface of the underlying sub-substrate 1211b, or the metal patch may be disposed between or inside the sub-substrates. Alternatively, the gain body may also include only the substrate and the metal patch.

It can be understood that different numbers, spacings and patterns of antenna modules 11 mean different transmission phases are required, and different antenna modules 11 can be corresponded to by changing the number and placement of the gain bodies 121 of the gain component 12 . For example, the same gain component 12 can realize the phase under high transmission amplitude by changing the corresponding parameters (the size of the gain body 121, the area of the metal patch 1212, the distance between two adjacent gain bodies 121, the material and thickness of the substrate 1211). Covering, there is no need to redesign the shape of the gain element 12 .

Please refer to FIG. 14 , which is a simulation result diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 12 .

In the present application, the antenna device 10a shown in FIG. 2 is simulated on the basis of the 780MHz antenna module 11 with 16 radio frequency channels at half-wavelength intervals. There are more than 10% improvement. The simulation of the antenna device 10a shown in Figure 12 shows that, as shown in Figure 14, the three-dimensional far-field gain map is used to calculate its channel capacity under different incoming wave expansion angles and under a certain signal-to-noise ratio. It can be seen that The capacity after using the gain component 12 (light-colored line in the figure) is improved compared to before (dark-colored line in the figure).

In this embodiment, the surrounding environment of the base station 10 on the current tower, pole station and roof is empty, and it is a related low-rank channel. By adding a gain component 12, the near-field channel is transformed to realize an uncorrelated high-rank channel, so as to improve the The communication capacity of the base station 10 .

Please refer to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device 10a shown in FIG. 3;

This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 . The difference is that the gain body composing the gain component 12 in this embodiment is a dielectric ball 121 , and the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module 11 is transmitted through the dielectric ball 121 to change the electromagnetic wave signal. phase, and the communication capacity of the antenna device 10a is improved. The distance between the gain element 12 and the antenna module 11 is 0.2˜0.5 (including 0.2 and 0.5) wavelengths, which can ensure that the gain element 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system 100 . It can be understood that the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may be the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 . That is to say, both the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain element 12 and the antenna module 11 need to satisfy the above-mentioned restrictions, so as to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity. The distance between any two adjacent dielectric balls 121 is 0.5˜1 (including 0.5 and 1) wavelengths, so as to ensure that the gain component 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity. Of course, in other embodiments, the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may also be other wavelengths except 0.2-0.5 wavelengths. Alternatively, the interval between any two adjacent dielectric spheres 121 may also be other wavelengths than 0.5-1 wavelength.

Please refer to FIG. 17 , which is a simulated phase distribution diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 15 . In this embodiment, the dielectric sphere 121 has a similar focusing control effect on the phase, which increases the center interval of the equivalent phase, thereby reducing the correlation between the antennas 111 of the antenna module 11 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, taking the transmitting antenna mode as an example, the electromagnetic wave signal is radiated by the antenna module 11, and after passing through the gain component 12 composed of the dielectric ball 121, the phase distribution of the spherical wavefront becomes a plane wavefront The phase distribution form is equivalent to widening the phase center distribution between the 11 elements of the original antenna module, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the equivalent phase center interval. In addition, the lens effect can also improve the coverage of the central area.

In this embodiment, the dielectric ball 121 has a symmetrical structure, so as to be suitable for the dual polarization requirement of the base station 10 . The shape of the dielectric ball 121 is a circle, and the diameter of the dielectric ball 121 is 0.2-0.3 (including 0.2 and 0.3) wavelengths, so as to achieve a good phase control effect and reduce the correlation between the antennas 111 of the antenna module 11 . Due to the focusing effect of the lens of the dielectric spheres 121, the adjacent dielectric spheres 121 are closely adjacent to each other. The dielectric constant of the dielectric ball 121 is 4 to 7 (including 4 and 7), to ensure that the dielectric constant of the dielectric ball 121 is relatively high, to ensure that the dielectric ball 121 can control the phase well, and to improve the communication between the antenna device 10a and the base station 10 capacity. Of course, in other implementations, the shape of the dielectric ball 121 may also be an ellipse or the like. The dielectric constant of the dielectric ball 121 may be other than 4-7.

In this embodiment, the structure shown in FIG. 15 is simulated, wherein the simulation parameters are as follows: the radius of the dielectric ball 121 is 89 mm, the dielectric constant is 4.5, the period interval of the dielectric ball 121 is 178 mm, and the overall arrangement number is 6×5=30, The height from the antenna module 11 is 200mm (that is, about half a wavelength). The simulation results can be seen in Fig. 17. The gain component 12 composed of the dielectric ball 121 is provided. In the near field, the phase wave front of the spherical wave becomes a plane wave front, which plays a role similar to lens focusing, and its effect is equivalent to expanding The equivalent phase center spacing of the antenna 111 is determined. Using this structure, the simulation of the 780MHz antenna module 11 with 16 radio frequency channels at half wavelength intervals shows that the frequency division duplex capacity of adding the gain component 12 is more than 6% higher than that without the gain component 12.

Please refer to FIGS. 18 and 19. FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the antenna device 10a shown in FIG. 3;

This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 , the difference is that the gain body composing the gain component 12 in this embodiment is a metal sheet 121 , and the metal sheet 121 scatters electromagnetic wave signals to improve communication capacity. The distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 is 3-10 wavelengths (including 3 and 10), which can ensure that the gain component 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity of the communication system 100 . It can be understood that the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may be the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 . That is to say, both the shortest distance and the longest distance between the gain element 12 and the antenna module 11 need to satisfy the above-mentioned restrictions, so as to achieve a good effect of improving the communication capacity. The spacing between any two adjacent metal sheets 121 is 0.3 wavelengths to ensure that the gain component 12 can effectively improve the communication capacity. The gain component 12 in this embodiment is far away from the antenna module 11 , so the influence on the coupling between the antennas 111 can be ignored, and it mainly plays a role in the reconstruction of the propagation channel. Of course, in other embodiments, the distance between the gain component 12 and the antenna module 11 may also be other wavelengths except 3-10 wavelengths. Alternatively, the interval between any two adjacent dielectric spheres 121 may also be other wavelengths other than 0.3 wavelength.

In the example, the gain element 12 shown in FIG. 18 has an operating frequency of 770 MHz and a bandwidth of 50 MHz. The metal sheets 121 are separated by 0.3 wavelengths, and the rows are separated by 0.64 wavelengths. The width of the gain element 12 is 1.2 meters.

In this embodiment, the area of the gain component 12 is greater than or equal to 200% of the antenna area of the antenna module 11, so as to ensure that in most macro station environments, incoming waves of signals from different directions pass through the gain component 12 and then reach the gain of the antenna module 11. The component 12 is larger than the antenna module 11 in front, and plays the role of expanding the aperture of the antenna to a certain extent. The gain component 12 covers the main direction of the sky sector, and can be installed close to the parapet wall, or can be combined with structures such as beautifying the billboard of the base station 10 to ensure the fixation of the gain component 12 and prevent wind and fall.

In this embodiment, the metal sheet 121 mainly plays a role in transforming the propagation channel. Since the angular spread of the multipath of the propagation channel has a great relationship with the correlation between the antennas 111 of the antenna module 11, when the channel angular spread on the side of the antenna device 10a is increased, the correlation of the antennas 111 on the side of the antenna device 10a can be improved. reduce. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 19 , the main function of the gain component 12 is to sufficiently scatter the electromagnetic wave signals in the environment to create a multi-path scattering environment, so that the electromagnetic wave signals reaching the ports of different antenna modules 11 are sufficiently different, including the amplitude and phase. The gain component 12 is equivalent to artificially transforming the propagation channel in a relatively open and single side environment of the antenna device 10a, which is close to the uncorrelated high-rank channel model shown in FIG. 5 .

In this embodiment, the shape of the metal sheet 121 is square, and the length and width of the metal sheet 121 are both 0.2 to 0.3 wavelengths, so as to achieve the effect of improving the propagation channel and reduce the correlation between the antennas 111 of the antenna module 11 . The metal sheet 121 includes a sub-metal sheet 1213, and the sub-metal sheet 1213 is two pieces, and the two sub-metal sheets 1213 are stacked, that is to say, the metal sheet 121 has a two-layer structure, and the two-layer structure can increase the scattering path. The metal sheet 121 has a better effect of increasing the scattering path for the two-layer structure. Of course, in other embodiments, the sub-metal sheet 1213 may be one or more pieces. Alternatively, the shape of the metal sheet 121 is a bar shape (as shown in FIG. 20 ) and other shapes.

Aiming at the situation that the surrounding environment of the base station 10 is open and is a relevant low-rank channel, the present application transforms the near-field channel by adding a gain component 12 to realize an uncorrelated high-rank channel, so as to improve the communication capacity of the base station 10 . In addition, this solution can also be adopted for the base station 10 that is installed indoors and serves outdoor users to improve the performance of the base station 10 .

The protection scope of the present application is not limited to all the above-mentioned embodiments, and any combination of all the embodiments is also within the protection scope of the present application, that is, the above-described multiple embodiments can also be arbitrarily combined according to actual needs.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and should cover within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

An antenna device, characterized in that the antenna device includes an antenna module and a gain assembly, the gain assembly and the antenna module are spaced apart and located in the radiation direction of the antenna module, and the gain assembly includes multiple A plurality of gain bodies are arranged in an array, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal is changed by the gain body to transmit the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module to improve the communication capacity, or the gain body The scattering of the electromagnetic wave signal improves the communication capacity.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the area of the gain component is greater than or equal to 125% of the sky area of the antenna module.
The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gain body comprises a base plate and a metal patch, the metal patch is arranged on the base plate, and the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the base plate without a metal plate. The area of the patch transmits, changing the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal.
The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 0.1-0.5 wavelengths.
The antenna device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the interval between any two adjacent gain bodies is 0.1 wavelength.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the length and width of the metal patch are both 0.2 to 0.3 wavelengths.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the shape of the metal patch is a circle, a cross or a diamond.
The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the metal patch of each of the gain bodies in the gain element is the same or not the same.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dielectric constant of the substrate is 4-7.
The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gain body is a dielectric sphere, and the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna module is transmitted through the dielectric sphere to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal.
The antenna device according to claim 10, wherein the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 0.2-0.5 wavelength.
The antenna device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the dielectric constant of the dielectric ball is 4-7.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 10-12, wherein the distance between any two adjacent dielectric spheres is 0.5 to 1 wavelength.
The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gain body is a metal sheet, and the metal sheet scatters the electromagnetic wave signal to improve communication capacity.
The antenna device according to claim 14, wherein the distance between the gain component and the antenna module is 3-10 wavelengths.
The antenna device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the length and width of the metal sheet are both 0.2 to 0.3 wavelengths.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 14-16, wherein the metal sheet comprises a sub-metal sheet, the sub-metal sheet is one piece, or the sub-metal sheet is a plurality of The sub-metal sheets are arranged in layers.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein the gain element is a planar array, a curved array or a near-curved array.
A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises a beautification cover and the antenna device according to any one of claims 1-18, the antenna module is located in the beautification cover, and the gain component is arranged in the beautification cover cover.
A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises a fixed frame and the antenna device according to any one of claims 1-18, and the gain component is arranged on the fixed frame.