CN114073692A - 含左卡尼汀或其衍生物的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
含左卡尼汀或其衍生物的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114073692A CN114073692A CN202010813721.XA CN202010813721A CN114073692A CN 114073692 A CN114073692 A CN 114073692A CN 202010813721 A CN202010813721 A CN 202010813721A CN 114073692 A CN114073692 A CN 114073692A
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- levocarnitine
- injection
- solution
- constipation
- filtering
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Abstract
本发明涉及左卡尼汀或其衍生物在制备治疗便秘药物的用途,所述左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀、及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐,所述的药物包括口服制剂和注射剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物应用领域,具体的涉及含左卡尼汀或其衍生物的药物在制备治疗便秘的药物中的应用。
背景技术
便秘(constipation)是指排便不顺利的状态,包括粪便干燥排出不畅和粪便不干亦难排出两种情况。一般每周排便少于2-3次(所进食物的残渣在48小时内未能排出)即可称为便秘。
正常人的排便习惯差别很大,这与个体差异、生活习惯尤其是饮食习惯有关。一般情况下,正常人每天排便1-2次,有的2-3天1次(只要无排便困难及其他不适均属正常),但大多数人(约占60%以上)为每天排便一次。
便秘是消化系统常见病症之一。在过去并不为人们所重视,在许多医学书籍中,仅作为一种内脏的症状加以介绍,而在治疗方面,只能局限于“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,因此疗效不佳。
随着医学基础研究和诊疗技术的发展,便秘的医学概念和诊治水平已发生重大突破。但便秘的治疗仍以药物治疗为主,手术治疗和借助器械的治疗手段仅仅限于危重或体质虚弱无法自行排便的患者,药物主要以泻剂为主,促动力药为辅,泻剂为以下4种:
1、容积型泻剂:此类泻剂可增加大便的体积,以增强粪便对肠道感受器的刺激,常用的有羧甲纤维素钠、乳果糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇4000及盐类泻剂(硫酸镁和硫酸钠等)。乳果糖、聚乙二醇4000等亦称为渗透性缓泻剂,应用后,可以使肠腔局部的渗透压升高,水分吸收减少,粪便体积增加。
2、润滑性泻剂:此类泻剂在肠道不被吸收,但又可妨碍水分的吸收,因此常起到润滑肠壁、软化粪便的作用(亦称之为粪便软化剂),常用的有液体石蜡、甘油及植物油类。由于长期应用此类泻剂可导致维生素A、D、K及钙、磷的吸收,故不宜长期使用。
3、刺激性泻剂:也有称之为接触性泻剂者,此类泻剂因对肠黏膜有刺激作用,并影响肠道中水分及电解质的吸收,故有较强的导泻作用。大黄、番泻叶及芦荟等植物性泻剂中含有蒽醌甙类,当蒽醌甙在肠道被细菌分解为蒽醌后才发挥其导泻作用。长期应用刺激性强的泻剂,可造成患者对药物的依赖性,此外,长期应用还可导致结肠黑变病,由于硫酸镁等盐类泻剂因其对肠道刺激作用较强,故亦可归纳于此类中。
4、局部刺激性泻剂:甘油/氯化钠(开塞露)、甘油栓等塞入肛门内以后,可使患者产生便意,而引起排便反射,称之为肛门局部性泻剂,对慢性出口梗阻型便秘患者较好。
以上药物以导泻剂为主,存在一定的副作用,患者服用后一般会出现腹泻不止,停药后即又开始便秘,一般便秘的患者,很容易对其产生依赖性,长期反复使用对身体和心理造成很大的伤害。
本发明旨在寻找一种不会导致腹泻不止又不会产生依赖性的治疗便秘的药物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种能够有效治疗便秘的药物,该药物由活性成分左卡尼汀或其衍生物及可药用的载体制备而成,具有安全、有效、副作用小的特点。
左卡尼汀(左旋肉毒碱)是食物的组成成份,广泛存在于自然界中,人体本身也能合成左旋肉毒碱,成人体内约有20克左旋肉毒碱,主要分布于心肌、骨骼肌中。左卡尼汀及其衍生物均为公知化合物,在临床上已经应用于治疗各种原因导致的肉碱缺乏。是美国FDA公认的安全食物,在我国左卡尼汀也作为食品和药品被列入国家标准。左卡尼汀在临床上已经应用于治疗各种原因导致的肉碱缺乏症,在治疗肾透析患者肉碱缺乏症、缺血性心脏病等方面具有深入的研究和应用,但单独应用于治疗便秘未见有报道,本单位经过长期的研究发现,左卡尼汀具有治疗便秘的作用,并且没有其他治疗便秘药物的副反应,有望成为新的治疗便秘的药物,造福广大患者,对社会具有积极的意义。
本发明的目的之一在于公开了一种治疗便秘的药物;本发明的目的之二在于公开了治疗便秘的药物制剂;本发明的目的之三在于公开了左卡尼汀及其衍生物在治疗便秘方面的应用。
本发明药物中的左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀、及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐。优选左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和它们可药用的盐。特别优选左卡尼汀及其可药用的盐。
本发明药物中的左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀、及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐。优选左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和它们可药用的盐。特别优选左卡尼汀及其可药用的盐。
本发明中所述的可药用的盐包括:盐酸盐、溴氢酸盐、碘氢酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、枸缘酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、泛酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐。
我们采用不同方式制备各种便秘的动物模型,再分别给予各种不同剂量的左卡尼汀来观察左卡尼汀治疗便秘的疗效(详见各实施例)。
试验结果表明:左卡尼汀对各种模型的便秘均有不同程度的疗效,并且在适当的剂量范围内可以既治疗了其便秘,又不会导致其腹泻,并且不会产生依赖性。
事实上,运用我们已经知道的药理和生化知识,便秘是继发于机体的代谢紊乱,又是促使机体的重要器官如心血管意外的危险因子。因此,代谢紊乱时机体循环脂肪酸水平升高,加上葡萄糖转运子的减少和胰岛素受体的下调,心肌等重要脏器的能量代谢紊乱;机体为了调节平衡,大量的内源性肉碱消耗。因此,外源性补充左旋肉碱通过促进脂肪酸氧化,调节线粒体内酰基比率,排出体内过量或非理性酰基团,消除机体因酰基积累而造成的代谢毒性;促进乙酰乙酸的氧化,在酮体的消除和利用中发挥作用;防止动物体内过量氨产生的毒性,可作为生物抗氧化剂清除自由基,维持膜的稳定性,提高动物的免疫力及抗病抗应激的能力等而达到治疗便秘的作用。本发明的药物可单独或优选与可药用载体、赋形剂或稀释剂混合,依据标准的药学规范给药予哺乳动物,包括人类。因此,本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗便秘的药物制剂,它含有上述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用的盐作为活性成分和一种或多种可药用载体。
本发明的药物制剂可口服给药或胃肠外给药。胃肠外给药主要包括静脉注射给药形式,例如注射用针剂以及冻干粉针。
本发明的药物制剂可以呈适于口服使用的形式,例如片剂、缓释片、胶囊剂、溶液、混悬液或糖浆剂;优选溶液、混悬液、糖浆、片剂和胶囊剂。
用于口服使用的本发明制剂可依据本领域用于制备口服药物组合物的任何已知方法制得,并且这样的组合物可包含一种或多种选自下列的物质:甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂,以提供药学美观和适口的制剂。
片剂含有活性组分以及与其混合的适于制备片剂的无毒的药学上可接受的赋形剂。这些赋形剂可以是:惰性稀释剂如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒剂和崩解剂例如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、玉米淀粉或藻酸;粘合剂例如淀粉、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或阿拉伯树胶;和润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。
片剂可以是未包衣的或者可通过本领域公知的技术将其包衣以掩蔽药物的令人不愉快的味道或者延迟其在胃肠道的崩解和吸收,以及由此在更长的时间内维持持续的作用。例如,可使用水溶性味道掩蔽材料例如羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素或者时间延迟材料例如乙基纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素。
本发明的口服制剂还可以以硬明胶胶囊的形式提供,其中活性组分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙和高岭土混合,也可以以软明胶胶囊形式提供,其中活性成分与水溶性载体例如聚乙二醇或油性介质例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
本发明的口服液含有活性物质以及与其混合的适于制备水混悬液的赋形剂或分散剂。所述的赋形剂包括:混悬剂例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍树胶和阿拉伯树胶。所述的分散剂可以是天然磷脂例如卵磷脂、或烯化氧与脂肪酸的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或烯化氧与长链脂族醇的缩合产物例如十七乙稀氧基鲸蜡醇,或者烯化氧与衍生自脂肪和和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烷山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
本发明的水混悬液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种矫味剂,和一种或多种甜味剂例如蔗糖、糖精或天冬甜素。
本发明的糖浆剂可以用甜味剂例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇或蔗糖配制。这样的制剂还可包含缓冲剂、防腐剂、矫味剂和着色剂以及抗氧剂。本发明的药物制剂可以是注射给药形式的无菌注射水溶液或者冻干粉针的。可使用的载体或溶剂包括水、林格溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液、盐酸、水解明胶、甘露醇、葡萄糖酸钙等。本发明中所述的药物是口服制剂和注射剂,其中口服剂型包括溶液、混悬液、糖浆、片剂和胶囊剂;注射剂包括注射液、冻干粉针剂。
本发明所述的药物中注射液的制备工艺包括下列步骤:
溶解,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制20-70%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
调节pH,加入盐酸调节浓溶液pH5.5-6.5;
脱色除热原,加入左卡尼汀溶液体积0.1%-0.4%的针用活性炭,20℃-100℃水浴搅拌脱色,5-60分钟;
脱炭精滤, 4级过滤:(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
稀释,加入注射用水稀释浓溶液至20%或者40%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
调节pH,加入盐酸调节稀释后溶液pH5.5-6.5;
灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于5mL、10mL、20mL无色或有色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
本发明研究发现,左卡尼汀水溶液稳定性只与溶液的pH有关,在偏酸性时稳定性较好,在偏碱性时会发生分解反应,所以只要在制备工艺过程中以及产品保持溶液的pH偏酸性,即可保证注射液的稳定性,这样既可以保证处方的简化,也可以满足稳定性需求,这也是注射液制备工艺的关键点。所述的注射液制备工艺中的溶解步骤采取了浓配或稀配工艺,当产品溶液中左卡尼汀含量较高时,比如配制左卡尼汀含量为40%注射液时,采用稀配工艺,当产品溶液中左卡尼汀含量较低时,比如配制左卡尼汀含量为20%甚至更低的注射液时,采用浓配工艺,一般先配制50%-70%左卡尼汀溶液,脱色后再稀释至规定的低溶度,这样可以降低活性炭使用的量和脱色脱炭时间。浓配浓度一般控制在70%以下,其原因是溶液溶度越高,溶液的黏性越大,当溶液溶度较高时,达70%或以上时,溶液过滤困难。所述的注射液制备工艺中的调节溶液pH是为了保证在整个制备工艺过程中溶液保持偏酸性,一般控制在6.0左右,稀释后,由于注射用水的pH偏中性,影响有可能溶液pH上升,需要再次pH调节剂调节pH,一般使用盐酸,包括36%的浓盐酸或更低浓度的稀盐酸,pH调节剂一般需要脱色除热原。
当把本发明的药物制剂对人体给药时,日剂量通常由处方医师决定,并且剂量一般随个体患者的年龄、体重、性别和反应以及患者症状的严重程度而变。通常,成人口服给药剂量为 1-500mg活性成分/kg体重每天,优选为5-300mg活性成分/kg体重每天,特别优选20-200mg活性成分/kg体重每天。注射给药剂量为5-300 mg活性成分/kg体重每天,优选为10-200mg活性成分/kg体重每天,特别优选50-200mg活性成分/kg体重每天。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例仅仅用于进一步解释本发明,而不是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例一:采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠暂时性的功能性便秘模型,研究左卡尼汀对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。
材料
1.1药物:受试药物:左卡尼汀。造模药物:复方地芬诺酯。
实验动物:选用20±2g ICR健康雄性小鼠75只。
试剂
墨汁的配制:准确称取阿拉伯树胶100 g,加水800 ml,煮沸至溶液透明,称取活性碳(粉状)50g加至上述溶液中煮沸3次,待溶液凉后加水定容到1 000 ml,于冰箱中4℃保存,用前摇匀。
复方地芬诺酯混悬液的配制:临用前分别取复方地芬诺酯片50 mg(20片),用研钵研碎呈粉末后加水至100 ml,配制成10 mg/(kg·bw)复方地芬诺酯混悬液,供灌胃用。
左卡尼汀水溶液的配制:左卡尼汀溶液的配制:称取适量的左卡尼汀,与蒸馏水中溶解,配制成90mg/ml、45mg/ml、27.5mg/ml的左卡尼汀溶液,供灌胃用。
实验方法
2.1动物分组及给药:实验动物按体重随机分组。设置阴性对照、模型对照及3个实验剂量组(450 mg/kg、900 mg/kg和1800mg/kg),每组15只。按20ml/kg体重灌胃给药,阴性对照及模型对照组给予等体积生理盐水,连续给药10d。
造模的建立:小鼠给药10 d后。均禁食不禁水16 h。除空白对照组给予同等体积的蒸馏水外,其余各组均灌胃给予复方地芬诺酯10 mg/(kg·bw),给予复方地芬诺酯0.5h后,各给药组分别给予含相应受试药物的墨汁(含5%的活性炭粉、10%阿拉伯树胶,空白对照组、模型对照组给同体积的墨汁灌胃。实验中,小鼠单笼饲养,正常饮水进食,记录每只小鼠首粒排黑便时间、5 h内排便粒数及重量。
实验结果
3.1左卡尼汀对小鼠首粒排黑便试剂的影响:经口给予10 mg/(kg·bw)复方地芬诺酯后建立模型对照组,首粒排黑便时间为(258.3±31.3)min,与阴性对照首粒排黑便时间(180.8±41.9)min 相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),说明复方地芬诺酯造小鼠便秘模型成立。左卡尼汀给药组与模型对照组相比较,给药组中剂量组900 mg/kg和高剂量组首粒排便时间分别为196.7±23.3min和188.5±30.9 min,与模型对照组(258.3±31.3 min)相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),排便时间与剂量呈负相关性性,左卡尼汀剂量越大,排便时间越短,显示左卡尼汀能缩短便秘模型小鼠的首粒排黑便时问。
表1 左卡尼汀对小鼠首粒排黑便时间的影响(x±s,n=15)
注:与模型组比较,*P<0.05;**P<0.01。
左卡尼汀对小鼠排便粒数的影响:阴性对照组和模型对照组相比,小鼠排便粒数具有显著性差异 (P<0.01),显示复方地芬诺酯造小鼠便秘模型成立。左卡尼汀给药组与与模型对照组比较,小鼠排便粒数具有显著性差异 (P<0.05),给药组小鼠排便粒数与剂量呈正相关性,剂量越大,排便粒数越多,左卡尼汀高剂量组1800 mg/kg与模型对照组比较,显示高剂量组能显著增加便秘模型小鼠的排便粒数(P<0.01)。
表2 复发地芬诺酯对小鼠排便粒数的影响(x±s,n=15)
注:与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05;**P<0.01。
3.3左卡尼汀对小鼠排便质量的影响:阴性对照组与模型组对照组相比,小鼠排便的质量有显著性差异(P<0.05),显示小鼠便秘排便质量的模型建立成功。左卡尼汀给药组与模型对照组比较,小鼠排便的质量有显著性差异(P<0.01),可见左卡尼汀能增加便秘模型小鼠的排便质量。
表3 左卡尼汀对小鼠排便质量的影响(x±s,n=15)
注:与模型组比较,**P<0.01。
结论:左卡尼汀能缩短便秘模型小鼠的首粒排黑便时间,增加便秘模型小鼠的排便粒数和排便的质量,尤其是中剂量和大剂量的情况下,可见左卡尼汀治疗便秘的作用更好,显示左卡尼汀治疗便秘的作用与剂量呈正相关性。
实施例二:采用喂饲大米、禁水3d制备燥结型便秘模型,观察左卡尼汀对燥结失水型便秘通便功能的影响。
材料
1.1动物 昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,体重(20±2)g;Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,体重(220±20)g。在室温(22±2)℃、湿度40%~60%Rh环境下饲养,实验前适应环境饲养1周。
药品与试剂 左卡尼汀(供小鼠灌胃用):临用前用蒸馏水配成90mg/ml、45mg/ml、27.5mg/ml。左卡尼汀(供大鼠灌胃用):临用前用蒸馏水配成120mg/ml、60mg/ml、30mg/ml,所用试剂均为分析纯。
方法
2.1 燥结失水便秘模型的制备 饲喂大米,禁水(包括蔬菜等一切水分),连续3 d。此时动物出现外观干瘪、瘦小、体重减轻、小便发黄、大便干结(粪便颗粒细小,呈现串珠状或圆珠状)。
左卡尼汀对燥结型便秘小鼠排便功能的影响 取健康小鼠50只,随机分为5组。分别为阴性对照组、模型对照组、左卡尼汀低剂量(450mg/kg)组、中剂量(900mg/kg)组、高剂量(1800mg/kg)组,每组10只。模型组及左卡尼汀组按2.1的方法制备小鼠燥结失水便秘模型。阴性对照组及模型对照组给予生理盐水,其余各组按20ml/kg体重灌胃给予相应的药物。仔细记录给药后首便时间及5 h内排便总粒数。
左卡尼汀对燥结型便秘大鼠大肠运动的影响 取大鼠50只,随机分为5组。分别为阴性对照组、模型对照组、左卡尼汀低剂量(300mg/kg)组、中剂量(600mg/kg)组、高剂量(1200mg/kg)组,每组10只。模型组及左卡尼汀组按2.1的方法制备大鼠燥结失水便秘模型。阴性对照组及模型对照组给予生理盐水,其余各组按10ml/kg体重灌胃给予相应的药物。灌胃给药后立即乙醚浅麻醉,开腹找到回盲部,各组大鼠均由回盲部注入50%的墨汁生理盐水溶液20 ml/kg。在靠近回盲部的回肠段用双线做结扎,在两线之间剪断回肠,立即计时。并将肠管放回腹腔,缝合切口。2 h后处死大鼠,立即开腹取出由肛门到盲肠端结肠,放在用水温湿的玻璃板上,摆直,用米尺测量结肠总长度和墨汁推进距离。
数据的统计处理 所得数据以均数±标准差(x±s )表示。各组平均数间的差异采用t检验。
实验结果
3.1左卡尼汀对燥结型便秘小鼠排便功能的影响
模型对照组首便时间56.1±4.2 min, 5h内排便总粒数3.2±1.9粒与阴性对照组首便时间27.8±46.6 min, 5h内排便总粒数8.0±1.5粒相比有显著差异(P<0.01),说明造膜成功;各给药组与模型组相比均有显著差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),其中以左卡尼汀900mg/kg及1800mg/kg组的作用最明显(P<0.01),表明左卡尼汀能明显缩短燥结型便秘小鼠的首便时间、增多5h内排便总粒数,具有较强的促进排便作用。结果见表4。
表4 左卡尼汀对燥结型便秘小鼠排便功能的影响(x±s,n=10)
注:与模型组比较,*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001。
左卡尼汀对燥结型便秘大鼠大肠运动的影响
模型对照组推进度19.2±5.2%明显低于阴性对照组22.4±5.0%(P<0.05),说明模型建立成功。与模型对照组比较,左卡尼汀中剂量组(300mg/kg)、高剂量组(600mg/kg)对大鼠大肠蠕动和推进速度有显著性差异(P<0.001或P<0.01)。可见,左卡尼汀能直接作用于大肠平滑肌,显著增强大肠的推进作用。结果见表5。
表5 左卡尼汀对燥结性便秘大鼠大肠运动的影响(x±s,n=10)
注:与模型组比较,**P<0.01;***P<0.001。
结论:左卡尼汀能增强大肠的推进作用,增强燥结型便秘的排便功能。
实施例三:巢氏,男,82岁,便秘10年,大便间隔时间5-10天,每次排便使用开塞露,每次排便2小时以上,病人体重50公斤,按照60mg活性成分/kg体重每天的用量服用左卡尼汀口服液(每支含左卡尼汀1g),每次1支,一天三次,服药2天排便,便质接近正常,持续服药6天,可不使用开塞露正常排便,大便间隔时间1-2天,每次排便时间15分钟左右,便质正常。
实施例四:谢氏,男,53岁,高血脂,便秘史2年,曾行痔疮切割手术,大便间隔一周左右,每次排便1-2小时,大便硬结。病人体重60公斤,按照200mg活性成分/kg体重每天的用量服用左卡尼汀缓释片(每片含左卡尼汀0.5g),每次8片,一天三次,服药2天排便,持续服药一周,排便正常,每天1-2次,又服药一周后停药。1个月后随访,病人排便正常,便质正常。
实施例五:丁氏,女,48岁,糖尿病便秘,糖尿病病程3年,合并便秘史2年半,大便间隔一周左右,腹胀,排便困难,大便干结;曾服用过多种泻药,有腹泻不止和停药复发的问题,病人目前焦虑,失眠,面色较差。病人体重50公斤,按照20mg活性成分/kg体重每天的用量给予左卡尼汀注射液(每支含左卡尼汀1g),每次1支,一天一次,用药3天后即排便,便质干结好转,患者面色恢复正常,精神状态较好。持续用药一周,病人便秘情况明显改善,每天排便1-2次,便质正常,病人自述睡眠改善,腹胀感消失,心情舒畅。
实施例六:李氏,女,28岁,便秘半年,大便间隔一周左右,排便困难,有排便感却不能正常排便,排便量少,有不尽感,有腹痛腹胀感。病人体重50公斤,按照120mg活性成分/kg体重每天的用量服用左卡尼汀缓释颗粒剂(每袋含左卡尼汀1g),每次2袋,一天三次,服药2天排便,持续服药1周,排便正常,每天1次,停药1个月后随访,患者排便正常。
实施例七:左卡尼汀注射液制备
处方:
左卡尼汀 20000g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至100000mL
制备工艺:
1)溶解,称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制20%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
2)调节pH,加入盐酸调节溶液pH5.8;
3)脱色除热原,加入0.2%(w/v)的针用活性炭,60℃水浴搅拌脱色30分钟;
4)脱炭精滤,采用4级过滤,(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
5)灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于5mL无色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
6)灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
7)包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
实施例八:左卡尼汀注射液制备
处方:
左卡尼汀 20000g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至100000mL
制备工艺:
1)溶解,称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制60%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
2)调节pH,加入盐酸调节溶液pH6.0;
3)脱色除热原,加入0.4%(w/v)的针用活性炭,60℃水浴搅拌脱色40分钟;
4)脱炭精滤,采用4级过滤,(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
5)稀释,加入注射用水稀释浓溶液至20%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
6)调节pH,加入盐酸调节稀释后溶液pH6.2;
7)灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于10mL无色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
8)灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
9)包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
实施例九:左卡尼汀注射液制备
处方:
左卡尼汀 40000g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至100000mL
制备工艺:
1)溶解,称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制40%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
2)调节pH,加入盐酸调节溶液pH6.1;
3)脱色除热原,加入0.3%(w/v)的针用活性炭,80℃水浴搅拌脱色30分钟;
4)脱炭精滤,采用4级过滤,(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
5)灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于5mL无色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
6)灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
7)包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
实施例十:左卡尼汀注射液制备
处方:
左卡尼汀 20000g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至200000mL
制备工艺:
1)溶解,称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制10%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
2)调节pH,加入盐酸调节溶液pH5.9;
3)脱色除热原,加入0.1%(w/v)的针用活性炭,70℃水浴搅拌脱色10分钟;
4)脱炭精滤,采用4级过滤,(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
5)灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于20mL无色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
6)灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
7)包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
实施例十一:左卡尼汀注射液制备
处方:
左卡尼汀 20000g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至100000mL
制备工艺:
1)溶解,称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制50%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
2)调节pH,加入盐酸调节溶液pH6.2;
3)脱色除热原,加入0.3%(w/v)的针用活性炭,30℃水浴搅拌脱色60分钟;
4)脱炭精滤,采用4级过滤,(1)钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭;(2)0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(3)0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤;(4)0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤,得澄清精滤液;
5)稀释,加入注射用水稀释浓溶液至20%(w/v)左卡尼汀溶液;
6)调节pH,加入盐酸调节稀释后溶液pH6.0;
7)灌封,将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于5mL棕色安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;
8)灭菌,对左卡尼汀注射液湿热灭菌,121℃,30分钟。
9)包装,塑芯加硬纸盒包装,1支/盒或5支/盒或者10支/盒。
Claims (8)
1.左卡尼汀或其衍生物在制备治疗便秘的药物中的用途。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀、及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐。
3.权利要求2的用途,其中所述可药用的盐为盐酸盐、溴氢酸盐、碘氢酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、枸缘酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、泛酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的药物是口服制剂和注射剂形式,其中口服制剂为溶液、混悬液、糖浆、片剂和胶囊剂;注射剂为注射液、冻干粉针剂。
5.权利要求4的注射液的制备工艺包含以下步骤:称取左卡尼汀,加注射用水溶剂溶解配制10-70% 左卡尼汀浓溶液;加入盐酸调节浓溶液pH5.5-6.5;加入左卡尼汀浓溶液体积0.1%-0.4%的针用活性炭,30℃-80℃水浴搅拌脱色,10-60分钟,脱色除热原;采用钛棒外裹纱布过滤脱炭、0.8μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤、0.45μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤、0.22μm滤芯微孔滤器过滤的四级过滤脱炭精滤;加入注射用水稀释浓溶液至20%或者40% 左卡尼汀溶液;加入盐酸调节溶液pH5.5-6.5;将左卡尼汀溶液充氮灌封于安瓿瓶中成左卡尼汀注射液;湿热灭菌,包装。
6.权利要求1-4任一项所述的用途,其中所述药物的用量为每天1-500mg活性成分/kg体重。
7.权利要求6的用途,其中所述药物的用量为每天5-300mg活性成分/kg体重。
8.权利要求7的用途,其中所述药物的用量为每天10-200mg活性成分/kg体重。
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