CN114055587B - 一种大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN114055587B
CN114055587B CN202111283016.4A CN202111283016A CN114055587B CN 114055587 B CN114055587 B CN 114055587B CN 202111283016 A CN202111283016 A CN 202111283016A CN 114055587 B CN114055587 B CN 114055587B
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bamboo
treatment
mildew
proof
corrosion
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CN114055587A (zh
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李霞镇
李贤军
牟群英
徐康
郝晓峰
朱愿
薛志成
李婷
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
Hunan Taohuajiang Bamboo Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan Taohuajiang Bamboo Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法，制造方法包括将竹筒加工成竹片，进行蒸煮、防霉防腐和干燥处理，然后在竹片单元两端开具指榫并涂布胶黏剂进行首尾依次接长处理，得长竹片条，将长竹片条的宽表面涂布胶黏剂并干燥和组坯，经双向加压一次热压成型和表面粗砂光，再进行防腐防霉处理，经干燥和平衡处理，得竹质集成板材，将竹质集成板材经冷压拼厚成形处理，得大尺度竹质集成工程材。本发明制得的竹质集成工程材具有跨度大、幅面宽、断面厚、耐久性能好及强度高等优点。

Description

一种大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于木材工业中竹木复合重组材制造领域，涉及一种竹质集成工程材及其制造方法，尤其涉及一种连续无限接长、幅面尺寸大、强度高且具有强效耐候性能的大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法。
背景技术
我国竹材资源丰富，竹林面积和竹材蓄积量均占世界第一，且竹材具有强重比高、成材周期短、一次种植永续利用等优点，因此合理开发和利用竹资源已成为当今缓解木材资源短缺的重要手段。在“以竹代木”、“以竹代钢”的开发理念驱动下，以截面规整的竹片为基本构成单元，经过施胶、压制而成的竹质集成材，具有与木材类似的优越性能，在现代竹木建筑领域中具有巨大的潜在应用前景。但是，基于现有竹质集成重组技术所生产的产品长度一般小于3m，难以满足大尺度、大幅面结构工程材和工程构件的生产和制造，严重制约了竹质集成材在建筑工程领域的大规模推广和应用。此外，竹材是一种富含淀粉等糖类的天然生物质材料，其在使用过程中易产生腐朽、霉变现象，严重影响了竹质集成材的使用寿命。因此，如何生产出长度大、幅面宽、断面厚、耐腐耐候性能好的高强度竹质集成材料，用于大尺度结构工程材和工程构件的制造，对于拓展竹材应用领域和提高竹材产品附加值具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能够连续无限接长、幅面宽、断面厚、耐候性能强的高强度大尺度竹质集成工程材及其制造方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案。
一种大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹筒加工成竹片单元后，将竹片单元先进行一次蒸煮，然后在防霉防腐处理液中进行二次蒸煮，再干燥至含水率低于15％，所述防霉防腐处理液包含水、异噻唑啉酮乳油、硼酸和硼砂；
S2、在干燥后的竹片单元两端分别开具指榫并涂布胶黏剂，然后进行首尾依次接长处理，达到预设长度后，得到长竹片条；
S3、将长竹片条的宽表面涂布胶黏剂并干燥后，进行组坯处理，得到竹质集成板坯；
S4、将竹质集成板坯进行双向加压一次热压成形处理后，进行表面粗砂光处理，得到竹质集成板材初品；
S5、将竹质集成板材初品进行防腐防霉处理，所述防腐防霉处理采用的防腐防霉处理液包含轻质石油溶剂、异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂和三唑类杀菌剂；
S6、将防腐防霉处理后的竹质集成板材初品进行干燥和平衡处理，然后进行后处理，得到竹质集成板材；
S7、将竹质集成板材进行冷压拼厚成形处理，经后处理，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S1中，所述一次蒸煮是在90℃～95℃的水中进行，所述一次蒸煮的时间为1h～3h，所述二次蒸煮的温度为60℃～70℃，所述二次蒸煮的时间为0.5h～2h。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S1中，所述竹筒采用初铣方式加工成竹片单元。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S1中，所述防霉防腐处理液中，按质量分数计，硼酸为1％～5％，硼砂为1％，异噻唑啉酮乳油为0.5％～1％，水为93～97％。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S5中，所述防腐防霉处理液中，按质量分数计，轻质石油溶剂为95％～99％，异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂为0.5％～2％，三唑类杀菌剂等0.5％～3％。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S2中，所述首尾依次接长处理是将涂胶后的榫头在端压为10MPa～30MPa的作用力下，依次按首尾相连的方式进行连续接长，当接长竹片条的长度达到8m～10m后截断，得到长竹片条。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S2中，所述竹片单元在开具指榫前先进行精铣处理。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S2中，所述竹片连续接长的具体步骤为：将AB组分胶黏剂分别涂布在待接竹片单元两端的榫头接合处，在竹片单元接长过程中，将前一竹片单元涂布A组分胶黏剂的末端与后一竹片单元涂布B组分胶黏剂的前端依次相接，单面涂胶量为0.08g/cm2～0.15g/cm2，加压胶合时间为2s～20s，整个接长过程在连续指接机上进行。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S3中，所述组坯处理是将长竹片条宽表面相叠，形成竹质集成板坯，所述竹质集成板坯的长度等于所述长竹片条的长度，所述竹质集成板坯的宽度为相叠的长竹片条厚度之和，所述竹质集成板坯的厚度为长竹片条的宽度，所述组坯处理按一边一头齐方式，且竹质集成板坯中相邻层的长竹片条指接接合处的间距大于0.3m；和/或，所述竹质集成板坯的宽度为1m～4m。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S4中，所述双向加压一次热压成形的热压温度为130℃～155℃，沿竹质集成板坯厚度方向的加压压力为0.6MPa～1.8MPa，沿竹质集成板坯宽度方向的加压压力为1.0MPa～3.0MPa，当板坯中部温度达到设定的热压温度并保持10min～25min后，取出板坯，得到竹质集成板材坯初品。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S5中，所述防腐防霉处理为整体防腐防霉处理，所述防腐防霉处理包括以下步骤：将所述竹质集成材板坯初品先进行前真空处理，保持5min～10min，然后加入防腐防霉处理液至板坯完全浸泡，将液体压力升至0.4MPa～1.2MPa，保压10min～40min，再进行泄压和后真空处理，最后泄压后取出，得到防腐防霉处理的竹质集成板材。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S6中，所述低温干燥处理时，干燥介质温度控制在30℃～50℃，风速控制在0.5m/s～2m/s，干燥至板坯含水率降低至12％～20％，所述平衡处理为自然平衡处理。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，优选的，步骤S7中，所述冷压拼厚成形处理包括以下步骤：在所述竹质集成板材厚度方向的表面均匀涂布间苯二酚甲醛树脂胶粘剂，单面涂胶量为200g/m2～300g/m2，陈放10min～30min后，将所述竹质集成板材沿着厚度方向进行叠加拼厚组坯，再将组坯后的竹质集成板材进行冷压成形处理，压力控制在0.5MPa～2.0MPa，保压6h～24h，泄压后取出，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材初品，和/或，所述竹质集成板坯初品的厚度为20mm～1000mm。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种上述的制造方法制得的大尺度竹质集成工程材。
上述的大尺度竹质集成工程材，优选的，所述大尺度竹质集成工程材的密度为0.7g/cm3～0.9g/cm3，长度为8m～10m，宽度为1m～4m，厚度为20mm～1000mm。
本发明的步骤S4中，板坯中部温度也即板坯芯层温度，指的是沿板坯厚度方向的中心线处的温度。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，通过竹片单元连续无限接长、侧向拼宽及叠加拼厚等方式，可根据实际需要制造任意目标长度、宽度及厚度的大尺度竹质集成材，突破了现有竹质复合重组材尺寸规格的限制，拓展了竹质材料在结构领域的应用。利用竹片单元快速连续无限接长技术，在拓展竹材利用领域的同时，也显著提高了竹材生产效率和自动化加工水平。另外，竹片蒸煮和二次整体浸渍双重防腐防霉处理工艺，显著改善了竹质集成工程材的耐候性能，使得其能够满足户外用材的要求。
(2)本发明制备得到的大尺度竹质集成工程材，具有跨度大、幅面宽、断面厚、耐久性能好及强度高等显著特点，集成材的密度为0.7g/cm3～0.9g/cm3，优选的长度为8m～10m，宽度为1m～4m，厚度为20mm～1000mm，防霉耐腐等级达到最高等级(防霉性能0级、耐腐性能1级)，竹质集成材静曲强度大于80MPa，弹性模量大于10000MPa，能够满足大尺度竹质工程材和工程构件生产制造的要求，可广泛应用于交通运输和竹木结构建筑工程等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1和实施例2中大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法工艺流程图。
图2为本发明实施例1和实施例2中长竹片条拼宽组坯成竹质集成板坯的示意图，其中，L为竹质集成板坯的长度，W为竹质集成板坯的宽度，h为竹质集成板坯的厚度，d为竹质集成板坯中相邻层的长竹片条指接接合处的间距。
图3为本发明实施例1和实施例2中竹质集成板材拼厚组坯成大尺度竹质集成板材坯的示意图，其中，H为大尺度竹质集成板材坯的厚度(即拼厚方向)，A为相邻竹质集成板材层的相邻胶接缝交错排列示意图，L-1为竹质集成板材。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。以下实施例中所采用的材料和仪器均为市售。
实施例1：
一种本发明的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：
(1)初铣竹片制备：将新鲜毛竹锯解成长度为2.05m的竹筒，采用竹筒剖分机将其剖分成宽度为22mm的竹条后，利用初铣机将竹条加工成竹片单元，得初铣竹片单元。
(2)竹片蒸煮和防霉防腐处理：将初铣竹片单元置于蒸煮池中用温度为90℃的水进行蒸煮脱糖处理，持续蒸煮2h后，再将其置于含硼酸、硼砂、异噻唑啉酮乳油及水的质量分数分别为2.5％、1％、0.5％及96％的防霉防腐处理液中进行二次蒸煮处理，蒸煮温度为60℃，蒸煮1h取出。
(3)初铣竹片干燥：将蒸煮和防霉防腐处理后的初铣竹片置于常规干燥窑中进行强制干燥处理，将竹片干燥到含水率约12％；当竹片含水率大于或等于50％时，干燥介质温度控制在45℃；当竹片含水率小于50％，大于30％时，干燥介质温度控制在55℃；当竹材含水率小于或等于30％时，干燥介质温度控制在65℃；干燥过程中竹片应合理堆垛，并保证窑内介质温度和气流分布均匀。
(4)竹片精铣：利用竹片精铣机将干燥后的初铣竹片四面刨光，加工成长度为2.05m、宽度为20mm、厚度为7mm的精铣竹片。
(5)竹片开榫：采用竹片开榫机在精铣竹片的两端分别开具公母指榫，指榫的齿形参数为指长12.7mm，齿距4.0mm，齿顶宽0.8mm，嵌合度0.1mm，斜率1/10.8，宽距比0.2。
(6)竹片接长：将AB组分胶黏剂分别涂布在待接竹片两端的榫头接合处，在接长过程中，将涂布A组分胶黏剂竹片的末端与涂布B组分胶黏剂竹片的首端首尾依次相接，当竹片条长度达到8.05m后截断，得长竹片条。整个接长过程在连续指接机上进行，指接部位采用连续指接机上的高频微波设备进行加热处理，以加快胶黏剂固化。本实施例中接长端压为20MPa，指榫的单面涂胶量为0.10g/cm2，加压胶合时间为6s。
(7)侧向拼宽组坯：将完成接长处理的长竹片条在室温的环境下养护3天后，采用涂胶机在竹材的宽表面涂布固体含量为35％的水溶性酚醛树脂胶黏剂，单面涂胶量为200g/m2；再用直角规对齐，按“一边一头齐”方式，将长竹片条宽面相叠的侧向以拼接方式进行拼宽处理，使宽度约1.5m，且保证相邻层的两长竹条指接接合胶缝距离d大于0.3m，得到长度大、厚度小的竹质集成板坯。如图2所示，以长竹片条的长度方向为竹质集成板坯的长度方向，长度记为L，竹质集成板坯的长度等于所述长竹片条的长度，以长竹片条宽表面相叠的方向为竹质集成板坯的宽度方向，宽度记为W，宽度为相叠的长竹片条厚度之和，以长竹片条的宽度(即宽表面宽度)方向为竹质集成板坯的厚度方向，厚度记为h。
(8)板坯热压成形：将竹质集成板坯置于多层长幅面双向加压机中进行双向加压一次热压成形处理，热压温度控制在140℃，沿竹质集成板坯厚度方向的压力(即图2上下表面的压力)为0.8MPa，沿竹质集成板坯宽度方向的加压压力(即图2侧向压力)为1.5MPa，当板坯芯层温度达到140℃后保持20min，泄压取出，得到长度为8.05m、厚度约20mm、宽度约1.5m的竹质集成板材坯。
(9)板坯粗砂光：采用宽带定厚砂光机对已成形的竹质集成板材坯进行砂光，对板坯表面进行平整化处理，得到长度大、厚度小的竹质集成板材初品。
(10)整体防腐防霉处理：将竹质集成板材初品置于高压浸渍处理罐中进行前真空处理，保持5min，再加入含99wt％轻质石油溶剂、0.5wt％异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂和0.5wt％三唑类杀菌剂的防腐防霉处理液至板坯完全浸泡，将高压浸渍罐内溶液压力升至0.6MPa，保压20min，泄压进行后真空处理，再次泄压，取出竹质集成板材，得到防腐防霉处理的竹质集成板材。
(11)低温干燥和平衡处理：选用常规干燥窑对整体防腐防霉处理的竹质集成板材进行低温干燥，干燥介质温度控制在40℃，风速控制在1.0m/s，直至板坯含水率降低至15％，再进行自然平衡处理。干燥时每层板材间用厚度为20mm的隔条隔开，平衡处理时间为12天。
(12)板坯后处理：将平衡养护处理后的竹质集成板材进行表面修补、表面精细砂光和裁边处理，得长度为8m、厚度为20mm、宽度为1.5m的竹质集成板材。
(13)叠加拼厚处理：利用涂胶机在上述竹质集成板材厚度方向的表面(即图2的宽面)上均匀涂布间苯二酚甲醛树脂胶粘剂，单面涂胶量为200g/m2，陈放10min后，如图3所示，将竹质集成板材沿着厚度方向进行叠加拼厚组坯，使叠加厚度H为60mm，如图3中放大处A所示，相邻的竹质集成板材层的胶接面交错排布，胶缝间距不小于1.5mm，再将组坯后的大尺度竹质集成板材坯送入多层长幅面压机进行冷压成形处理，压力控制在1.0MPa，保压8h，泄压后取出，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材初品。
(14)后处理：将成型后的大尺度竹质集成工程材初品在室内环境中密堆养护15天，养护结束后，采用裁板锯、砂光机锯等机械加工设备对养护处理后的成型板坯进行机加工处理，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材。
本实施例生产的大尺度竹质集成工程材的长度为8m，宽度为1.5m，厚度为60mm，实际密度为0.90g/cm3，防霉耐腐等级达到最高等级，防霉性能0级、耐腐性能1级，静曲强度为90MPa，抗弯弹性模量为11000MPa。与采用现有技术生产的竹质集成材相比，其长度和厚度均增加了3～4倍，显著增大了板材的跨度、幅面及横断面面积，改善了板坯的防霉耐腐等级，能够满足当今对大尺度竹木结构建筑工程用材和需求。
实施例2：
一种本发明的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：
(1)初铣竹片制备：将新鲜毛竹锯解成长度为1.55m的竹筒，采用竹筒剖分机将其剖分成宽度为27mm的竹条后，通过初铣机将竹条加工成竹片，得初铣竹片单元。
(2)竹片蒸煮和防霉防腐处理：将初铣竹片单元置于蒸煮池中用温度为95℃的水进行蒸煮脱糖处理，持续蒸煮2h后，将其置于含硼酸3wt％，硼砂1wt％，异噻唑啉酮乳油1wt％及水95wt％的防霉防腐处理液中进行二次蒸煮处理，蒸煮温度为60℃，蒸煮2h后取出。
(3)初铣竹片干燥：将蒸煮和防霉防腐处理后的初铣竹片置于常规干燥窑中进行强制干燥处理，将竹片干燥到含水率约12％；当竹片含水率大于或等于50％时，干燥介质温度控制在50℃；当竹片含水率小于50％，大于30％时，干燥介质温度控制在60℃；当竹材含水率小于或等于30％时，干燥介质温度控制在70℃；干燥过程中竹片应合理堆垛，并保证窑内介质温度和气流分布均匀。
(4)竹片精铣：利用竹片精铣机将干燥后的初铣竹片四面刨光，加工成长度为1.55m、宽度为25mm、厚度为8mm的精铣竹片。
(5)竹片开榫：采用竹片开榫机在精铣竹片的两端分别开具公母指榫，指榫的齿形参数为指长19.0mm，齿距6.0mm，齿顶宽1.3mm，嵌合度0.1mm，斜率1/10.6，宽距比0.22。
(6)竹片接长：将AB组分胶黏剂分别涂布在待接竹片两端的榫头接合处，在接长过程中，将涂布A组分胶黏剂竹片的末端与涂布B组分胶黏剂竹片的前端首尾依次相接，当竹片条长度达到9.05m后截断，得长竹片条。整个接长过程再连续指接机上进行，指接部位采用连续指接机上的高频微波设备进行加热处理，以加快胶黏剂固化。本实施例中接长端压为25MPa，指榫的单面涂胶量为0.15g/cm2，加压胶合时间为5s。
(7)侧向拼宽组坯：将完成接长处理的长竹片条在室温的环境下养护7天后，采用涂胶机在竹材的宽表面涂布固体含量为45％的水溶性酚醛树脂胶黏剂，单面涂胶量为250g/m2；再用直角规对齐，按“一边一头齐”方式，将长竹片条宽面相叠的侧向拼接方式进行拼宽处理，使宽度约2.0m，且保证相邻层的两长竹条指接接合胶缝距离d大于0.3m，得到长度大、厚度小的竹质集成板坯。如图2所示，以长竹片条的长度方向为竹质集成板坯的长度方向，长度记为L，竹质集成板坯的长度等于所述长竹片条的长度，以长竹片条宽表面相叠的方向为竹质集成板坯的宽度方向，宽度记为W，宽度为相叠的长竹片条厚度之和，以长竹片条的宽度(即宽表面宽度)方向为竹质集成板坯的厚度方向，厚度记为h。
(8)板坯热压成形：将竹质集成板材坯置于多层长幅面双向加压机中进行一次热压成型处理，热压温度控制在140℃，沿竹质集成板坯厚度方向的压力为1.0MPa，沿竹质集成板坯宽度方向的加压压力为1.8MPa，当板坯芯层温度达到140℃后保持25min后，泄压取出，得到长度约9m、厚度约25mm、宽度约2.0m的竹质集成板材。
(9)板坯粗砂光：采用宽带定厚砂光机对已成型的竹质集成板材进行砂光，对其表面进行平整化处理，得到长度大、厚度小的竹质集成板材初品。
(10)整体防霉防腐处理：将竹质集成板材置于高压浸渍处理罐中进行前真空处理，保持6min，再加入含有97wt％轻质石油溶剂、1wt％异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂、2wt％三唑类杀菌剂的防腐防霉处理液至板材完全浸泡，将高压浸渍罐内溶液压力升至0.8MPa，保压30min，泄压进行后真空处理，再次泄压，取出竹质集成板材，得到防腐防霉处理的竹质集成板材。
(11)低温干燥和平衡处理：选用常规干燥窑对二次整体防霉防腐处理的板材进行低温干燥，干燥介质温度控制在40℃，风速控制在2.0m/s，直至板坯含水率降低至12％，再进行自然平衡处理。干燥时每层板材间用厚度为30mm的隔条隔开，平衡处理时间为15天。
(12)板坯后处理：将平衡养护处理后的大尺度集成板材进行表面修补、表面精细砂光和裁边处理，得长度为9m、厚度为25mm、宽度为2.0m的竹质集成板材。
(13)竹质集板材拼厚处理：利用涂胶机在上述竹质集成板材宽面上均匀涂布间苯二酚甲醛树脂胶粘剂，单面涂胶量为250g/m2，陈放20min后，如图3所示，将竹质集成板材沿着厚度方向进行叠加拼厚组坯，使叠加厚度H为100mm，如图3中放大处A所示，相邻的竹质集成板材层的胶接面交错排布，胶缝间距不小于1.5mm，再将竹质集成材板坯送入多层长幅面压机进行冷压成形处理，压力控制在2.0MPa，保压10h，泄压后取出，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材初品。
(14)后处理：将成型后的大尺度集成材初品在室内环境中密堆养护10天，养护结束后，采用裁板锯、砂光机锯等机械加工设备对养护处理后的成型板坯进行机加工处理，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材。
本实施例生产的大尺度竹质集成工程材，其长度为9m，宽度为2.0m，厚度为100mm，实际密度为0.85g/cm3，防霉耐腐等级达到最高等级(防霉性能0级、耐腐性能1级)，静曲强度为100MPa，抗弯弹性模量为13000MPa。与采用现有技术生产的竹质集成材相比，其长度和厚度均增加了3～4倍，显著增大了板材的跨度、幅面及横断面面积，改善了板坯的防霉耐腐等级，能够满足当今对大尺度竹木结构建筑工程用材的需求。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神实质和技术方案的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同替换、等效变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹筒加工成竹片单元后，将竹片单元先进行一次蒸煮，然后在防霉防腐处理液中进行二次蒸煮，再干燥至含水率低于15%，所述防霉防腐处理液包含水、异噻唑啉酮乳油、硼酸和硼砂；
S2、在干燥后的竹片单元两端分别开具指榫并涂布胶黏剂，然后进行首尾依次接长处理，达到预设长度后，得到长竹片条；
S3、将长竹片条的宽表面涂布胶黏剂并干燥后，进行组坯处理，得到竹质集成板坯；
S4、将竹质集成板坯进行双向加压一次热压成形处理后，进行表面粗砂光处理，得到竹质集成板材初品；
S5、将竹质集成板材初品进行防腐防霉处理，所述防腐防霉处理采用的防腐防霉处理液包含轻质石油溶剂、异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂和三唑类杀菌剂；
S6、将防腐防霉处理后的竹质集成板材初品进行干燥和平衡处理，然后进行后处理，得到竹质集成板材；
S7、将竹质集成板材进行冷压拼厚成形处理，经后处理，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材；
步骤S1中，所述一次蒸煮是在90℃～95℃的水中进行，所述一次蒸煮的时间为1h～3h，所述二次蒸煮的温度为60℃～70℃，所述二次蒸煮的时间为0.5h～2h；
步骤S1中，所述防霉防腐处理液中，按质量分数计，硼酸为1%～5%，硼砂为1%，异噻唑啉酮乳油为0.5%～1%，水为93～97%；
步骤S5中，所述防腐防霉处理液中，按质量分数计，轻质石油溶剂为95%～99%，异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂为0.5%～2%，三唑类杀菌剂等0.5%～3%；
步骤S4中，所述双向加压一次热压成形的热压温度为130℃～155℃，沿竹质集成板坯厚度方向的加压压力为0.6MPa～1.8MPa，沿竹质集成板坯宽度方向的加压压力为1.0MPa～3.0MPa，当板坯中部温度达到设定的热压温度并保持10min～25min后，取出板坯，得到竹质集成板材坯初品；
步骤S2中，所述首尾依次接长处理是将涂胶后的榫头在端压为10MPa～30MPa的作用力下，依次按首尾相连的方式进行连续接长，当接长竹片条的长度达到8m～10m后截断，得到长竹片条；
所述竹片连续接长的具体步骤为：将AB组分胶黏剂分别涂布在待接竹片单元两端的榫头接合处，在竹片单元接长过程中，将前一竹片单元涂布A组分胶黏剂的末端与后一竹片单元涂布B组分胶黏剂的前端依次相接，单面涂胶量为0.08g/cm2～0.15g/cm2，加压胶合时间为2s～20s，整个接长过程在连续指接机上进行；
步骤S3中，所述组坯处理是将长竹片条宽表面相叠，形成竹质集成板坯，所述竹质集成板坯的长度等于所述长竹片条的长度，所述竹质集成板坯的宽度为相叠的长竹片条厚度之和，所述竹质集成板坯的厚度为长竹片条的宽度，所述组坯处理按一边一头齐方式，且竹质集成板坯中相邻层的长竹片条指接接合处的间距大于0.3m；
所述大尺度竹质集成工程材的密度为0.7g/cm3～0.9g/cm3，长度为8m～10m，宽度为1m～4m，厚度为20mm～1000mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述竹筒采用初铣方式加工成竹片单元。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述竹片单元在开具指榫前先进行精铣处理。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述竹质集成板坯的宽度为1m～4m。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的大尺度竹质集成工程材的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中，所述防腐防霉处理为整体防腐防霉处理，所述防腐防霉处理包括以下步骤：将所述竹质集成材板坯初品先进行前真空处理，保持5min～10min，然后加入防腐防霉处理液至板坯完全浸泡，将液体压力升至0.4MPa～1.2MPa，保压10min～40min，再进行泄压和后真空处理，最后泄压后取出，得到防腐防霉处理的竹质集成板材；
和/或，步骤S6中，所述干燥为低温干燥，干燥介质温度控制在30℃～50℃，风速控制在0.5m/s～2m/s，干燥至板坯含水率降低至12%～20%，所述平衡处理为自然平衡处理；
和/或，步骤S7中，所述冷压拼厚成形处理包括以下步骤：在所述竹质集成板材厚度方向的表面均匀涂布间苯二酚甲醛树脂胶粘剂，单面涂胶量为200g/m2～300g/m2，陈放10min～30min后，将所述竹质集成板材沿着厚度方向进行叠加拼厚组坯，再将组坯后的竹质集成板材进行冷压成形处理，压力控制在0.5MPa～2.0MPa，保压6h～24h，泄压后取出，得到大尺度竹质集成工程材初品，和/或，所述竹质集成板坯初品的厚度为20mm～1000mm。
6.一种如权利要求1～5中任一项所述的制造方法制得的大尺度竹质集成工程材。
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