CN114051842A - Method for prolonging frozen storage and airtight preservation of moist corn - Google Patents
Method for prolonging frozen storage and airtight preservation of moist corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN114051842A CN114051842A CN202111361858.7A CN202111361858A CN114051842A CN 114051842 A CN114051842 A CN 114051842A CN 202111361858 A CN202111361858 A CN 202111361858A CN 114051842 A CN114051842 A CN 114051842A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/02—Clamps; Pits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
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Abstract
The invention discloses a storage method for prolonging the freezing storage time of wet corn grains, and belongs to the technical field of crop storage methods. The invention solves the problem that the prior art is difficult to store the moist corns from late month 4 to middle and late ten days of month 5. According to the method, the storage field is reasonably utilized, the optimal time period in winter is selected, the local common corns are screened to form the standard goods space, the characteristic that the dry corns are poor thermal conductors is utilized, and the closed technology of covering the dry corns is adopted, so that the freezing storage time of the moist corns is prolonged. The using time of the corn raw grains is successfully prolonged by more than 30 days, compared with the traditional freezing storage mode, the using time is prolonged to the middle and last ten days of 5 months, and the damp grain drying cost is saved; meanwhile, compared with the production and use of dry corn, the breakage rate of the wet corn is reduced by about 1.5%, the soaking time of the corn is shortened by about 6 hours (the dry corn is soaked for 36 hours, and the wet corn is soaked for 30 hours).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for prolonging the freezing storage and sealed preservation of moist corns, and belongs to the technical field of crop storage methods.
Background
For annual crops, the annual crops need to be stored in order to adapt to the mode of annual production and processing of enterprises. The storage period of the raw grains is influenced by self moisture, the temperature and the humidity of a storage environment and the like, the raw grains need to be dried and then stored in a warehouse, meanwhile, the corresponding temperature and humidity are required to be kept in the warehouse, particularly, the raw grains need to be dried to reach the standard moisture (14%) for safe storage after being stored after 4 months and before being harvested in a new season, the production and processing cost of crops is greatly improved, and the storage cost of the corns accounts for 70-72% of the total processing cost of the corns according to statistics. Therefore, in order to reduce the processing cost of raw grains, increase the using amount of wet grains and prolong the using time of the wet grains, the method for prolonging the frozen storage and the sealed storage of the wet corns is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a method for prolonging the frozen storage and sealed preservation of the moist corns.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for prolonging the frozen storage and sealed preservation of moist corns is suitable for storing raw grains below 15 ℃ below zero, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, in winter in the same year, after the outdoor temperature reaches below-15 ℃ for more than 3 consecutive days in daytime, unloading the wet grain which is subjected to impurity removal and accords with the quality of frozen storage into a cargo space for stacking to form a wet grain cargo stack;
and step two, completely covering the top and the periphery of the moisture grain goods stack by using the dry grains, and storing until 5 middle of the next year in a waterproof manner.
And further limiting, in the step one, the wet grains are wet corn grains, and the impurity removal is sieving to remove organic impurities.
More particularly, the organic impurities include corn silk and corn cobs.
Further limiting, in the step one, the moisture content of the frozen and stored quality wet food is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, the impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the mildew rate is less than or equal to 5.0 percent, and the volume weight is more than or equal to 660 g/L.
Further limiting, the first step of stacking the wet grains at the temperature of below-15 ℃ for 3 or more days continuously when the outdoor temperature is met in the daytime.
Further limiting, the thickness of the frozen soil layer on the tidal grain stacking ground reaches 0.5m and above.
Further limiting, the tidal grain stacking site is a brick-concrete storehouse, a ground hardening site in a shed or an open hardening site.
Further limiting, when the moisture grain stacking site is a ground hardening site in the awning or an open hardening site, moisture grains with the impurity removed rear parts meeting the frozen storage quality need to be bagged, and then the moisture grain bags are used for enclosing the periphery of the moisture-proof corn stacks to form bag walls.
Further limiting, the ground drainage of the tidal grain stacking site is smooth, and the site has no accumulated water.
The width of the moisture grain stack is further limited to 40-50m, the length is determined according to the field, the height is about 7 m, the top of the moisture grain stack is covered with dry grain with the thickness of 0.5-1.0m, the periphery of the moisture grain stack is covered by a single-layer dry grain bag wall, the dry corn bag wall can be enclosed and stacked transversely and vertically to prevent the dry corn bag wall from expanding outwards, a gap of 0.3-0.5m is reserved between the dry grain bag wall and the moisture grain stack, and dry grain is placed in the gap.
And further limiting, in the step two, the dry grains and the dry grains in the dry grain bag are corn grains with the moisture of 14.0% +/-0.5, and the grain quality meets the quality requirement of sealed grain storage.
And further limiting, in the step two, the dry grain bag uses a gunny bag.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the quality of the warehoused corns is improved, the requirement on a storage place is regulated, the freezing storage time of the wet corn unprocessed food grains is prolonged by means of covering the dry corns, the service time of the unprocessed food grains is successfully prolonged by one month or more, and compared with the traditional freezing storage mode, the service time of the unprocessed corn food grains is prolonged to 5 middle and last ten days of the month. And because the breakage rate of the moist corn processing is 2%, and the broken corn after drying is 3.54%, the method correspondingly reduces the breakage rate of the corn while prolonging the frozen storage period of the moist corn raw grain, shortens the subsequent soaking time of the corn (the dry corn is soaked for 36 hours, and the moist corn is soaked for 30 hours), and further reduces the cost and improves the efficiency.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1:
(1) sieving raw corn grains, and cleaning organic impurities such as corn stigma, corncobs and the like.
(2) The moisture grain bag is obtained by filling the raw corn grains into a woven bag on the basis that the raw corn grains have the water content of less than or equal to 30.0 percent, the impurity content of less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the mildew rate of less than or equal to 5.0 percent and the volume weight of more than or equal to 660 g/L.
(3) In winter in the same year, after the outdoor temperature reaches below-15 ℃ for more than 3 days continuously, and the freezing temperature of the stacking field reaches more than 50cm, stacking the wet grain bags, and aiming at ensuring that the raw grain and the stacking field are fully frozen and preventing the rise of ground gas from influencing the safe storage of the corn; after stacking and forming, the bag wall cannot expand outwards, and if the bag wall expands outwards, the bag wall needs to be reinforced in time, so that collapse is avoided;
the width of the wet grain stack is 40-50m, the length is not limited, the height can be determined according to the storage quantity and the equipment capacity, enough operation space (generally 10 m) is reserved around the wet grain stack, the dry corn and the single-layer dry corn bag wall around the dry corn can be conveniently covered by the grain surface, the height of the wet grain stack is preferably 7-8 m, the shape of the wet grain stack is standard, flat and relatively neat, and the aim is to uniformly cover the dry corn when the dry corn is sealed;
the stacking site is a brick-concrete storehouse, a hardened ground and a rainproof roof; secondly, covering shed, hardened ground and rain-proof roof; finally, the open air is hardened and the ground is stored, the ground drainage is smooth, and water cannot be stored;
(4) observing the temperature of the moisture grain stack for one week to ensure that the grain temperature of the stack is not obviously increased or changed, completely covering the top and the periphery of the moisture grain stack by using a dry grain bag, wherein the thickness of the dry grain bag covered on the top of the moisture grain stack is 0.5-1.0m, the periphery of the moisture grain stack is covered by adopting a single-layer dry grain bag wall (the bottom layer can be provided with one top and one transverse layer for preventing the bottom layer of the bag wall from sliding and expanding outwards), a gap within 1m is reserved between the dry grain bag wall and the moisture grain stack, and the dry grain bag is placed in the gap; the dry corn bag wall is at least 0.2m higher than the wet corn bag wall so as to cover the dry corn on the wet corn bag wall; after the dry corn bag is covered, the grain surface is ensured to be smooth;
wherein the dry grain is prepared in half a month in advance, the temperature is fully reduced, the temperature when the wet grain stack is covered is ensured to be basically consistent with the outdoor temperature, the moisture of the dry grain is less than or equal to 14.0 percent, the grain quality is clean and free of dust and mildew grains, and the dry grain bag is a gunny bag.
(5) Closed goods position detection temperature detection
Temperature detection equipment requirements are as follows: a relatively precise electronic temperature detection line and a manual temperature detection probe are required to be arranged, and the two temperature detection devices are mutually calibrated to ensure accurate temperature detection.
Secondly, quality review of the corn: to ensure a complete picture, the quality of the corn forming the cargo space is reviewed. Sampling by using a deep-layer sampler, and checking whether the moisture, impurities, volume weight, mildewing and the like of the closed goods location corn meet the quality standard of the goods location corn; if the impurities are gathered at a certain point on the surface of the goods, the grain turning machine is used for twisting and scattering the gathered organic impurities, so that the heat generated by the respiration of the corns due to the gathering and gathering of the impurities is avoided, and potential safety hazards are left for the safe storage of the wet corns.
Routine inspection: after the goods space is formed, the temperature of the grain is checked once every two weeks, the temperature of the electronic temperature detection line is compared with the temperature of the manual probe, the grain condition is mastered in real time, and after the grain condition is confirmed to be stable, the temperature detection frequency is gradually reduced. When the open cargo space enters spring, the rain-proof tarpaulin is properly opened to check the grain condition, and all checks need to be recorded.
The method has the advantages that the corn is inspected once every two days, the corn is inspected once every day when the temperature rises, and by comparing and analyzing the environmental comparison, the adverse change or the hidden danger can be found in time, the temperature of the raw grain is guaranteed to be below-1 ℃, the raw grain is required to be put into processing and used when exceeding the temperature, and the raw grain cannot be stored continuously, the raw grain of the embodiment can be stored for 20-25 days in 5 months, compared with the traditional freezing storage mode, the service life of the raw corn is prolonged by one month successfully, the corn breakage rate of the raw corn stored in the embodiment is 2% in the processing process, and the processing requirement can be met only by soaking the corn for 30 hours in the subsequent processing process.
Example 1:
and (3) performing humid corn freezing storage in 12 months in 2020:
firstly, selecting a goods space site:
open cargo space: the field is located in a raw grain field of the Fujinxiang biochemistry Limited company, the tidal grain cargo space field is a hardened ground, and the water drainage of the cargo space field is smooth.
Secondly, temperature requirements (control):
1. ambient temperature: the food is put in the room at 12 months and 25 days in 2021, the outdoor temperature reaches-15 ℃ continuously for more than 3 days in the daytime, and the freezing of the goods yard reaches more than 0.5 m.
2. Temperature of corn: the temperature of the corn in the goods-entering position is consistent with the external temperature. Above-5 ℃, the corn cannot enter the closed cargo space.
Thirdly, the quality requirements of the corn which is put in a goods position and is sealed and frozen to store moisture are as follows:
(1) sieving raw corn grains, and cleaning organic impurities such as corn stigma, corncobs and the like.
(2) The water content of the sealed corn raw grain is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, the impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the mildew rate is less than or equal to 5.0 percent, and the volume weight is more than or equal to 660 g/L.
Fourthly, covering the frozen storage goods position with the dried corn according to the quality standard:
the covered dry corn should be prepared in advance, the grain temperature is consistent with the external temperature, the moisture of the dry corn is 14.0% +/-0.5, the impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the mildew rate is less than or equal to 5.0%. The dry corn bag wall must be a gunny bag.
Five, airtight frozen corn storage goods position form
The shaped moisture corn cargo space of this embodiment has a length of 110 meters, a width of 38 meters and a height of 7 meters. The width of the dry grain bag wall is 1.5 meters, and the thickness of the dry grain flour is 0.5 meter. The operation space is kept for 10 meters around, the dry corn is covered by the convenient grain surface, and the single-layer dry corn bag wall operation is enclosed around the goods space (in order to prevent the bottom layer of the bag wall from sliding and expanding outwards, the bottom layer is provided with a top and a cross). A gap of 0.3-0.5m is reserved between the dry corn bag wall and the moisture grain cargo space, and dry corn is placed in the gap.
The moisture grain cargo space has the advantages of standard shape, flat grain surface, relatively regular bag wall and uniform thickness when the dry corn is poured and covered and sealed.
Sixthly, keeping the closed corn frozen storage goods space:
1. observing the temperature of the formed moist corn goods space for a week, and sealing the top and the periphery of the moist corn goods space with dry corn after ensuring that the grain temperature of the goods space is not changed.
2. Closed cargo space grain temperature detection
(1) The requirement of temperature detection equipment: a relatively precise electronic temperature detection line and a manual temperature detection probe are required to be arranged, and the two temperature detection devices are mutually calibrated to ensure accurate temperature detection.
(2) And (3) rechecking the quality of the corn: to ensure a complete picture, the quality of the corn forming the cargo space is reviewed. Sampling by using a deep-layer sampler, and checking indexes such as moisture, impurities, volume weight, mildew and the like of the closed goods space corn to determine whether the indexes meet the index requirements of the closed frozen goods space corn; if the impurities are found to be accumulated at a certain point on the surface of the cargo space, the impurities need to be manually removed.
(3) And (3) routine inspection: the goods position shape is checked every 1 month and 2 days in 2021, the grain temperature is checked once every two weeks, the temperature of the electronic temperature detection is compared with the temperature of a manual probe, the grain condition is mastered in real time, and the temperature detection frequency can be checked once every two days after the grain condition is confirmed to be stable. And (4) opening the rainproof tarpaulin to check the grain condition every half month when the open cargo space enters spring, and recording all checks.
The raw grain corn of the embodiment can be stored for 5 middle and last ten days of the month. Compare the storage mode of tradition and freeze and succeed in prolonging the live time of maize unprocessed food grains by one month, and the maize breakage rate of the maize unprocessed food grains that this embodiment stored is within 2% in the course of working, only need soak the maize in the follow-up course of working 30h and can satisfy the processing requirement.
Example 2:
the difference between this example and example 1 is: the stacking field adopts a brick-concrete storehouse, the heat insulation effect of the wall surface of the brick-concrete storehouse is required to be good, and moist corns can be stored after an insulating layer is additionally arranged if the heat insulation effect is poor; to ensure that the operation of covering the dry corns on the grain surface can be implemented, an electronic temperature detection line and a manual temperature detection probe are installed; and completely sealing the ventilation opening and the ventilation window of the brick-concrete storehouse. The remaining operating steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The hermetic frozen storage of the moist corns is a storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the moist corn raw grains, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, in winter in the same year, after the outdoor temperature reaches-15 ℃ for more than 3 days continuously in daytime or the thickness of a frozen soil layer reaches 0.5m or more, removing impurities, unloading the wet corns which meet the frozen storage quality into a cargo space, and bagging a small part of wet corns to form a bag wall for enclosing and storing the majority of the wet corns in an open hardened field or a shed for hardened ground storage;
and step two, after the goods space is formed, bagging the dry corns to surround the periphery of the moist corn goods space and completely cover the top of the moist corn goods space, and covering tarpaulin for preventing water in the open air.
2. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn raw grain according to claim 1, wherein the raw grain in the first step is corn, the raw grain is sieved to remove organic impurities, and corn stigma and crushed corn cob on a cargo position are cleaned.
3. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn unprocessed food grains according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the unprocessed food grains in the goods space of the wet corn in the step one is as follows: the water content is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, the impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the mildew rate is less than or equal to 5.0 percent, and the volume weight is more than or equal to 660 g/L.
4. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the raw corn according to claim 1, wherein the humid corn in the first step is stored at a temperature below-15 ℃ for 3 days or more continuously at outdoor temperature in the daytime.
5. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn raw grains according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the frozen soil layer on the ground of the wet corn goods space is 0.5m or more.
6. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn raw grains according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the wet corn goods yard is a hardened yard, a hardened ground in a shed or a brick-concrete storehouse.
7. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn unprocessed food grains as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the open-air wet food grain goods yard has smooth water drainage and no water accumulation on the ground.
8. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn raw grains according to claim 1, wherein the width of the wet corn cargo space is 40-50m, the thickness of the dry corn covered on the top of the wet corn cargo space is 0.5-1.0m, the periphery of the wet corn cargo space is enclosed by a single-layer dry corn bag wall, a gap of 0.3-0.5m is reserved between the dry corn bag wall and the wet corn cargo space, and the dry corn is placed in the gap.
9. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn unprocessed food grains according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the dry corn in the dry corn bag in the second step is 14.0% ± 0.5, and the quality of the food grains meet the quality requirement of sealed storage.
10. The storage method for prolonging the frozen storage time of the wet corn raw grains according to claim 1, wherein the dry corn bag in the second step is a gunny bag.
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