CN114046722B - Displacement meter - Google Patents
Displacement meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114046722B CN114046722B CN202111187980.7A CN202111187980A CN114046722B CN 114046722 B CN114046722 B CN 114046722B CN 202111187980 A CN202111187980 A CN 202111187980A CN 114046722 B CN114046722 B CN 114046722B
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- cantilever beam
- measuring
- strain
- displacement
- displacement meter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a displacement meter, which comprises a supporting seat; the cantilever beam is detachably and fixedly connected with the supporting seat at one end along the length direction, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the supporting seat to enable elastic deformation to occur along the vertical direction of the cantilever beam, and the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the supporting seat can be adjusted, so that the measuring range of the displacement meter can be adjusted; the strain measuring device is used for measuring the actual strain generated by driving the cantilever beam when the piece to be measured moves vertically; and the processing device is used for obtaining the vertical displacement of the to-be-measured piece according to the actual strain, the preset strain and the vertical displacement relation function. By using the device, the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the supporting seat can be adjusted so as to adjust the measuring range of the displacement meter according to the measuring requirement, thereby meeting the requirements of measuring displacement of different parts to be measured and improving the application range of the device; the device has simple structure and is convenient to set.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of detection equipment, in particular to a displacement meter.
Background
The displacement meter is a sensor for measuring structural displacement and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, railway vehicles, mechanical manufacturing, civil construction and the like. The common displacement meter in the engineering field has a fixed use range, and when the displacement is larger than the range, the displacement cannot be measured; when the displacement is far smaller than the nominal range of the displacement meter, the measurement accuracy cannot be ensured. In order to ensure that the measurement result is effective and accurate, a displacement meter with a proper measuring range is selected according to specific conditions, so that various measuring range displacement meters are required to be prepared as reserves, management pressure and fund pressure are increased, particularly a field measurement task is improved, the displacement meters with various measuring ranges are required to be carried as alternatives, and transportation cost and damage risk are increased. Although the displacement meter developed based on the laser equipment has high measurement precision and wide measuring range, the wide application is restricted due to factors such as high cost, severe test environment requirements and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to design a displacement meter with simple structure, accurate measurement and convenient and adjustable measuring range to serve the displacement measurement work.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a displacement meter to solve the problem that the range of the existing displacement meter can not be adjusted.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a displacement meter, comprising:
a support base;
the cantilever beam is detachably and fixedly connected with the supporting seat at one end in the length direction, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the supporting seat to enable elastic deformation to occur in the vertical direction of the cantilever beam, and the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the supporting seat can be adjusted, so that the measuring range of the displacement meter can be adjusted;
the strain measuring device is used for measuring the actual strain generated by the cantilever beam when the piece to be measured moves vertically;
and the processing device is used for obtaining the vertical displacement of the to-be-measured piece according to the actual strain, the preset strain and the vertical displacement relation function.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and a measuring connector fixed to one end of the cantilever Liang Yuanli at the support base, the measuring connector being adapted to be fixed to a member to be measured and to move with upward and downward vertical movements of the measuring connector.
Preferably, the measuring connector is vertically arranged at the edge of the end part of the cantilever beam, and the cantilever beam is provided with a threaded hole;
the measuring connector is a measuring thimble, the top of the measuring thimble is provided with a mounting groove, and a universal ball is arranged in the mounting groove; the bottom of the measuring thimble is provided with external threads for being fixed with the threaded hole.
Preferably, the universal ball is a universal magnetic ball.
Preferably, the cantilever Liang Wei is a cantilever beam with a uniform section;
the processing device is used for processing the data according to the formula
Calculating the extension length of the cantilever beam>
Maximum range +.>
；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
presetting a yield coefficient for a beam material of the cantilever beam,>
is a preset safety factor>
For the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam, < > and>
for modulus of elasticity>
For the beam material density of the cantilever beam, < >>
Gravitational acceleration.
Preferably, the processing device is specifically configured to:
obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset first strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
the preset relation function of the first strain and the vertical displacement is that
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the actual strain +.>
For vertical displacement, add>
For the distance between the strain measuring device and the fixed fulcrum of the support base, +.>
For the extension of the cantilever beam +.>
For the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam, < > and>
for the length of the measuring connection.
Preferably, the processing device is specifically configured to:
obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset second strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
the preset second strain and vertical displacement relation function is that
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>
In order for the actual strain to be a good,
for vertical displacement, add>
And the preset coefficient corresponding to the extension length of the cantilever beam at present.
Preferably, the strain measurement device includes:
the two resistance strain gauges are respectively and correspondingly fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the same position of the central line of the cantilever beam; the lead is connected with the two resistance strain gauges to form an arm half-bridge circuit;
and the temporary arm half-bridge circuit is connected with the data acquisition unit to form a full-bridge circuit for measuring actual strain.
Preferably, the support base includes:
a bottom plate;
the side plates are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates form a limiting cavity; part of the cantilever beams are positioned in the limiting cavity and can slide along the length direction of the limiting cavity;
the fastener is fixed on the side plate and positioned above the cantilever beam, and the fastener is used for detachably and fixedly connecting the cantilever beam with the bottom plate.
Preferably, the fastener comprises:
the L-shaped plate is respectively corresponding to and fixed with the side plates along the two ends of the length direction, and comprises a first plate body and a second plate body which are vertically arranged, and the first plate body is parallel to the bottom plate;
the first plate body is provided with a first mounting groove along the length direction of the supporting seat, the first mounting groove penetrates through the second plate body, and the first mounting groove and the second plate body form a limiting hole for the cantilever beam to penetrate through;
the cover plate is fixed above the first plate body, and a second mounting groove for mounting the cantilever beam is formed in the cover plate;
one end of each of the plurality of threaded fasteners sequentially penetrates through the cover plate and the first plate body in the vertical direction, and the other end of each of the plurality of threaded fasteners protrudes out of the first plate body and the cantilever Liang Xiangdi.
Preferably, the cantilever beam is provided with a plurality of measuring range marking layers along the length direction, so that the extension length of the cantilever beam corresponds to the maximum measuring range.
The displacement meter provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a supporting seat; the cantilever beam is detachably and fixedly connected with the supporting seat at one end along the length direction, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the supporting seat to enable elastic deformation to occur along the vertical direction of the cantilever beam, and the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the supporting seat can be adjusted, so that the measuring range of the displacement meter can be adjusted; the strain measuring device is used for measuring the actual strain generated by driving the cantilever beam when the piece to be measured moves vertically; and the processing device is used for obtaining the vertical displacement of the to-be-measured piece according to the actual strain, the preset strain and the vertical displacement relation function.
Compared with the prior art, the displacement meter provided in the embodiment of the application has the following technical effects:
firstly, one end of the cantilever beam in the length direction is fixedly connected with the support seat in a detachable mode, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the support seat and can elastically deform in the vertical direction of the cantilever beam, the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the support seat can be adjusted, so that the measuring range of the displacement meter can be adjusted according to measurement requirements, the requirements of different pieces to be measured on measurement lengths are met, and the application range of the device is improved; the device has simple structure and is convenient to set;
second, bi-directional displacement measurements can be made without increasing the cantilever length while increasing the range.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a displacement meter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a displacement meter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a constant cross section cantilever provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a deflection angle for measuring deflection of a thimble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a strain measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a wiring diagram of a strain measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a measurement operation of the displacement meter according to the embodiment of the present application.
The figures are marked as follows:
the device comprises a supporting seat 1, a cantilever beam 2, a measuring connecting piece 3 and a strain gauge 4;
a bottom plate 12, side plates 11, and fasteners 13;
an L-shaped plate 131, a cover plate 132, a threaded fastener 133;
a displacement meter 100.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a displacement meter, which aims to solve the problem that the measuring range of the existing displacement meter cannot be adjusted.
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application and not exhaustive of all the embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Referring to fig. 1-2 and 7, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement meter according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a displacement meter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a measurement operation of the displacement meter according to the embodiment of the present application.
In a specific embodiment, the displacement meter 100 provided herein includes a support base 1, a cantilever beam 2, a strain measurement device, and a processing device. The supporting seat 1 may be configured as a U-shaped housing or a supporting plate, and one end of the supporting seat along the length direction is an opening structure, so as to be used for installing and supporting the cantilever beam 2, and it is understood that the contact position of the supporting seat 1 and the cantilever beam 2 is used as a fixed supporting point. One end of the cantilever beam 2 along the length direction is fixedly connected with the support seat 1 in a detachable mode, for example, the cantilever beam 2 is fixed through a threaded fastener 133, the length of the cantilever beam 2 extending out of the support seat 1 can be adjusted, and after the extending length of the cantilever beam 2 is adjusted, the cantilever beam 2 and the support seat 1 can be fixed through the threaded fastener 133. The cantilever beam 2 can be elastically deformed along the vertical direction thereof to measure the vertical displacement of the member to be measured. The strain measuring device is used for measuring the actual strain generated by the cantilever beam 2 when the piece to be measured moves vertically. The strain gauge may be provided as a resistive strain gauge attached to the surface of the cantilever beam 2, such as by adhesive or other attachment means. In other embodiments, the specific structure of the strain measurement device may be set as required, which is within the scope of the present application. The processing device can be specifically a processor, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and other structures, and obtains the vertical displacement of the to-be-measured piece according to the actual strain, the preset strain and the vertical displacement relation function.
Compared with the prior art, the displacement meter 100 provided in the embodiment of the application has the following technical effects:
one end of the cantilever beam 2 along the length direction is detachably and fixedly connected with the supporting seat 1, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the supporting seat 1 and can elastically deform along the vertical direction of the cantilever beam 2, and the length of the cantilever beam 2 extending out of the supporting seat 1 can be adjusted so as to adjust the measuring range of the displacement meter 100 according to the measuring requirement, thereby meeting the requirements of measuring the length of different pieces to be measured and improving the application range of the device; the device has simple structure and is convenient to set.
In one embodiment, to implement the bidirectional displacement measurement of the displacement meter 100, the present application further includes a measurement connector 3, where the measurement connector 3 is fixed to an end of the cantilever beam 2 away from the support base 1, the measurement connector 3 is used to be fixed to a piece to be measured, and the measurement connector 3 and the piece to be measured may be fixed by adhesion so as to be capable of moving along with the upward and downward vertical movement of the measurement connector 3; when the piece to be measured moves downwards vertically, the cantilever beam 2 is pressed to move downwards together; when the to-be-measured piece moves vertically upwards, the to-be-measured piece drives the cantilever beam 2 to move vertically upwards due to the magnetic attraction of the measurement connecting piece 3 and the to-be-measured piece, so that the bidirectional displacement measurement of the to-be-measured piece is realized, the measurement range of the displacement meter 100 is improved, and the universality of the device is improved.
Preferably, the measuring link 3 is located at the end of the cantilever beam 2 such that the distance of the measuring link 3 to the fixed fulcrum corresponds to the extension of the cantilever beam 2. Specifically, the measuring connector 3 is vertically provided at the end edge of the cantilever beam 2, thereby reducing calculation errors of the protruding length of the cantilever beam 2. The cantilever beam 2 is provided with a threaded hole, and the measuring connecting piece 3 and the cantilever beam 2 can be fixed through a threaded fastener 133. In one embodiment, the measuring connector 3 is a measuring thimble, the top of the measuring thimble is provided with a mounting groove, a universal ball is arranged in the mounting groove, and the universal ball can rotate along the circle center in the mounting groove; the bottom of the measuring thimble is provided with external threads for being fixed with the threaded hole, so that the structure of the device is simplified, and the production cost is reduced. In order to simplify the device and to achieve a fixation between the measuring connection piece 3 and the piece to be measured, the universal ball is provided as a universal magnetic ball, which is magnetically fixed to the metal piece to be measured.
The cantilever beam 2 can be arranged to be low carbon steel and is a constant cross section beam, the testing connecting piece is rigidly fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam 2, the supporting seat 1 is in a metal square tube shape and has certain rigidity, protection is provided when the cantilever beam 2 is retracted into the limiting cavity, and a fixed fulcrum is provided for the cantilever beam 2.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a constant-section cantilever beam 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application; in a specific embodiment, the cantilever beam 2 is a constant cross-section cantilever beam 2, such as a rectangular vertical cross-section. Specifically, the processing device is configured to perform the following formula
Calculating the extension length of the cantilever beam 2>
Maximum range +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>
For a preset yield limit coefficient->
Is a preset safety factor>
Is the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam 2, +.>
For modulus of elasticity>
Beam material density for cantilever beam 2, +.>
Gravitational acceleration.
Wherein, when the free end of the constant section cantilever beam 2 is acted by vertical downward force, the maximum stress appears on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam at the fixed pivot point. Using (preset yield coefficient
Preset safety factor->
) As a check criterion, consider force +.>
Torque produced->
And the torque produced by the weight of the beam ∈ ->
Should satisfy
On the basis of the above embodiments, the processing device is specifically configured to:
obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset first strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
the preset relation function of the first strain and the vertical displacement is that
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the actual strain +.>
For vertical displacement, add>
For the distance between the strain measuring device and the fixed fulcrum of the support 1, < >>
For the extension of the cantilever beam 2 +.>
Is the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam 2, +.>
For measuring the length of the connector 3.
The specific deduction process is as follows: since the downward deformation of the beam is consistent with the upward deformation calculation method, the downward deformation is described as an example,
is the width of the beam section->
Is vertical downward force at the thimble>
Force for cantilever beam 2>
Downward deflection is generated under the action.
Because the deflection of the beam is much smaller than its span (beam length), i.e
>>/>
The cantilever beam 2 is in force->
Downward deflection generated under action->
Cross-sectional area->
Is that
Obtained according to the formulas (4) and (5)
Bending resistance section coefficient
Therefore, the center line of the lower surface of the cantilever beam 2 is +.>
Stress of the location->
And strain
Is that
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
poplar made of cantilever beam 2 materialModulus of the ∈10, substituting formula (6) to +.>
And->
In (3) obtaining beam displacement->
Relation to strain
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
when "-" is meant a downward displacement; />
In "+", an upward displacement is indicated.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a deflection angle for measuring deflection of a thimble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; further, when the measuring thimble is subjected to downward force
Under the action of the cantilever beam 2, downward deflection is generated, a deflection angle is generated at the measuring thimble, and the length of the measuring thimble is known as +.>
When the relation between the actual displacement of the member to be measured and the displacement measured by the cantilever beam 2 is obtained
When the cantilever beam 2 is displaced downwards, the difference value generated by measuring the rotation angle of the thimble is
，/>
For pointer deflection, i.e. measuring the angle of rotation at the thimble for the cantilever beam 2, thus
The downward displacement of the thimble measuring point of the cantilever beam 2 is measured by combining the formula (7), the formula (8) and the formula (9)
And (4) on the beam>
Stress at the location->
Relation type
When the vertical downward force of the measuring thimble is received, the vertical displacement of the measuring thimble is positively correlated with the strain of the measuring point, and when the dimensional parameter of the beam is known, the measuring thimble is measured
Stress at the location->
The vertical downward displacement of the measuring thimble can be obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the processing device is specifically configured to:
obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset second strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
the preset second strain and vertical displacement relation function is that
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the actual strain +.>
For vertical displacement, add>
The preset coefficient corresponding to the extension length of the current cantilever beam 2.
Based on the assumption that the beam deflection is far smaller than the beam length, the proportional relation between the strain and the displacement is obtained, and the nonlinear situation can occur in practice; all the parameters are set to be theoretical values, and factors such as processing errors, uneven materials, unstable performance of different batches of products and the like are not considered. It is necessary to perform multi-step long strain-displacement acquisition for each span before use. The deflection curve and deflection change of the beam are continuous, so that the downward displacement and the strain of the beam are continuous, no singular point exists, the strain-displacement curve of each measuring range of the displacement meter 100 is obtained through fitting the strain-displacement corresponding data of multiple steps, and the slope of the curve corresponding to each strain value is the strain-displacement coefficient under the use condition of each measuring range, so that the independent characteristic of each displacement meter 100 is obtained.
Measuring range is set for displacement meter
-，/>
In the time of +) according to the formula (10), acquiring test strain +.>
Can obtain the displacement +.>
。
The fitting-displacement curve is calibrated in each measuring range, and the fitting curve is used for obtaining the strain-displacement conversion coefficients of different measuring points, so that the test result is more accurate.
In one embodiment, the strain gauge comprises two resistance strain gauges and a data acquisition unit, wherein the two resistance strain gauges are respectively fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the same position of the central line of the cantilever beam 2; the two resistance strain gauges are connected with a wire to form an arm half-bridge circuit; the temporary arm half-bridge circuit is connected with the data acquisition unit to form a full-bridge circuit for measuring actual strain.
In another embodiment, four resistive strain gages may be provided, and the measurement performed by the full bridge circuit is within the scope of the present application.
The support base 1 comprises a bottom plate 12, a fastener 13 and a set of side plates 11 arranged in parallel. The side plates 11 are respectively fixed on the bottom plate 12, and the bottom plate 12 and the side plates 11 form a limiting cavity; the cantilever beam 2 is positioned in the limiting cavity and can slide along the length direction of the limiting cavity; the curb plate 11 sets up perpendicularly to bottom plate 12, and supporting seat 1 is U-shaped structure, and the one end of U-shaped structure is open structure, and the other end is closed structure, and cantilever beam 2 slides in spacing chamber. The fastener 13 is preferably fixed on the side plate 11, two ends of the fastener 13 in the length direction are fixedly connected with the side plates 11 on two sides respectively, meanwhile, the fastener 13 is arranged above the cantilever beam 2, after the extension length of the cantilever beam 2 is adjusted, the cantilever beam 2 and the supporting seat 1 are fixed through the fastener 13, and the fastener 13 is used for detachably and fixedly connecting the cantilever beam 2 and the bottom plate 12, for example, the fixing is realized through a threaded fastener 133.
Specifically, 2 resistance strain gauges are stuck to the positions of the upper surface S and the lower surface S of the central line of the elastic beam to form a temporary arm half-bridge circuit, and the temporary arm half-bridge circuit is connected with a strain acquisition system to form a full-bridge circuit for strain measurement, so that the influence of temperature change on strain measurement can be eliminated, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The measuring circuit is shown in fig. 5-6, and fig. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of the strain measuring circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application; FIG. 6 is a wiring diagram of a strain measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application; wherein A1 and A2 represent strain gauges on the front and back sides of the beam, E is bridge output voltage, E is bridge input voltage; a, B, C represent 3 signal output wires of the displacement meter respectively, and are connected to the point a, the point B and the point C of the data acquisition system circuit respectively. The data acquisition device is connected with a computer and acquires the strain change generated by the invention, and the displacement measurement value is obtained through calculation.
Because the temporary arm half-bridge circuit is used, the strain value of displacement calculation is carried out because the difference value of the strain gauge which is obtained by collecting the strain of the strain gauge is 2
Is->
。
Specifically, the fastener 13 includes an L-shaped plate 131, a cover plate 132, and a plurality of threaded fasteners 133. The two ends of the L-shaped plate 131 along the length direction are respectively corresponding to and fixed with the side plates 11, the L-shaped plate 131 comprises a first plate body and a second plate body, the first plate body and the second plate body are vertically arranged, the first plate body is parallel to the bottom plate 12, and the first plate body and the second plate body are preferably arranged as a whole so as to facilitate production and processing. The first plate body is provided with a first mounting groove along the length direction of the supporting seat 1, the first mounting groove penetrates through the joint of the second plate body and the first plate body along the length direction, so that the first mounting groove and the second plate body form a limiting hole for the cantilever beam 2 to penetrate through, the cantilever beam 2 penetrates through the limiting hole to be arranged in the first mounting groove, the first plate body and the cover plate 132 are respectively provided with a mounting hole, and the hole depth direction of the mounting holes is perpendicular to the cantilever beam 2; one end of the threaded fastener 133 is positioned in the mounting hole, and the other end of the threaded fastener protrudes out of the mounting hole and abuts against the cantilever beam 2. The cover plate 132 is fixed above the first plate body, and a second installation groove for installing the cantilever beam 2 is formed in the cover plate 132. The device has simple structure and is convenient to set.
It can be appreciated that an interval is reserved between the first plate body of the L-shaped plate 131 and the bottom plate 12, the cantilever beam 2 is fixed through the first plate body and the cover plate 132, and the arrangement mode is adopted, so that the two ends of the cantilever beam 2 along the length direction are in a suspended state, the fixed supporting point is only the connection part with the L-shaped plate 131, the interference of the overlarge supporting area on the strain of the cantilever beam 2 is prevented, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
In another embodiment, the cantilever beam 2 is provided with a plurality of measuring range marking layers along the length direction, so as to correspond the extension length of the cantilever beam 2 with the maximum measuring range. At this time, the coefficient of the relation function between the preset strain and the vertical displacement can be determined according to the selected maximum measuring range and the extension length, and the calculation of the vertical displacement can be directly performed.
In a specific embodiment, the displacement meter adjustment is exemplified below, the parameters can be modified according to specific needs。
Table 1 displacement meter parameters
Substituting the displacement meter parameters into the formula (2), ensuring that the center of the strain gauge is at least 20mm away from a fixed fulcrum when the cantilever beam 2 is retracted, avoiding damaging the strain gauge and influencing the strain result due to stress concentration, and calculating the maximum unidirectional range of the whole extension of the beam
Minimum unidirectional measuring range of sum beam contracted to minimum state +.>
Wherein->
=50.75mm，/>
=10.81mm。
The maximum and minimum extension lengths of the elastic beams are listed below, and the strain-displacement relationship is obtained when the elastic beams are extended to a one-way 50mm measuring range and a one-way 10mm measuring range, wherein
When "-" is meant a downward displacement; when "+", this indicates an upward displacement:
50mm range: when the beam is extended to the maximum, the parameters of the displacement meter shown in table 1 are brought into (3) to obtain the relation between the displacement and the strain
10mm range: when the beam is extended to the maximum, the parameters of the displacement meter shown in table 1 are brought into (3) to obtain the relation between the displacement and the strain
The special cases of the maximum range and the minimum range are adopted, the extension length of the elastic beam can be adjusted between 275mm and 125mm in specific use, the corresponding displacement range adjustment range is 50mm to 10mm, and the extension length is input into a formula (3) for calculation to obtain the strain-displacement relation; or fixing several measuring ranges, painting marks on the elastic beam after calculation, and directly testing by using the strain-displacement relation calculated in advance.
The device can realize adjustable measuring range in a certain range, and selects a proper measuring range according to the test requirement, so that the test data is more accurate. Compared with the unidirectional displacement measurement of the existing cantilever beam 2 type displacement meter, the bidirectional displacement measurement is realized by adding the strong magnetic ball, and the measuring range is increased by 100%.
The parameters of the displacement meter can be changed according to the principle, and the displacement meter with applicable measuring range, materials and testing environment can be manufactured according to the requirements. If the whole structure to be tested is used as an elastic beam, obtaining the measurement quantity of the structure; the test task with special test environment requirement is to select proper elastic beam material to measure according to design principle. Meanwhile, the principle of the application is simple and clear, the functions of all the components and the functions of various related coefficients on the system are described in detail, and the system can be selected and replaced independently according to users, so that the operability is high.
The displacement measuring device can be applied to displacement measurement in a narrow space. The requirement on the installation space in the displacement measuring direction is small, and the device can be used for measuring the displacement between slits. It should be noted that if the metal sheet is a non-metal object to be measured, a metal sheet is adhered to the measuring position, and the metal sheet is matched with a powerful magnetic bead to be closely magnetically attracted on the surface of the object to be measured, so that bidirectional measurement is realized. The strain data acquisition device can be used with any acquisition system capable of acquiring strain data, and has strong applicability to the acquisition system.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A displacement meter, comprising:
a support base;
the cantilever beam is detachably and fixedly connected with the supporting seat at one end in the length direction, the other end of the cantilever beam protrudes out of the supporting seat to enable elastic deformation to occur in the vertical direction of the cantilever beam, and the length of the cantilever beam extending out of the supporting seat can be adjusted, so that the measuring range of the displacement meter can be adjusted;
the strain measuring device is used for measuring the actual strain generated by the cantilever beam when the piece to be measured moves vertically;
the processing device is used for obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
a measuring link fixed to one end of the support base of the cantilever Liang Yuanli, the measuring link being adapted to be fixed to a member to be measured and to move with upward and downward vertical movements of the measuring link;
the processing device is specifically used for:
obtaining the vertical displacement of the piece to be measured according to the actual strain, the preset first strain and the vertical displacement relation function;
the preset relation function of the first strain and the vertical displacement is that
；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the actual strain +.>
For vertical displacement, add>
For the distance between the strain measuring device and the fixed fulcrum of the support base, +.>
For the extension of the cantilever beam +.>
For the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam, < > and>
for the length of the measuring connection.
2. The displacement meter of claim 1, wherein the measurement connector is vertically disposed at an end edge of the cantilever beam, and the cantilever beam is provided with a threaded hole;
the measuring connector is a measuring thimble, the top of the measuring thimble is provided with a mounting groove, and a universal ball is arranged in the mounting groove; the bottom of the measuring thimble is provided with external threads for being fixed with the threaded hole.
3. The displacement meter of claim 2, wherein the universal ball is a universal magnetic ball.
4. The displacement meter of claim 1, wherein the cantilever Liang Wei is a constant cross-section cantilever beam;
the processing device is used for processing the data according to the formula
Calculating the maximum range +.>
；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
presetting a yield coefficient for a beam material of the cantilever beam,>
is a preset safety factor>
For the beam section thickness of the cantilever beam, < > and>
for modulus of elasticity>
For the beam material density of the cantilever beam, < >>
Gravitational acceleration.
5. The displacement meter of claim 1, wherein the strain measurement device comprises:
the two resistance strain gauges are respectively and correspondingly fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the same position of the central line of the cantilever beam; the lead is connected with the two resistance strain gauges to form an arm half-bridge circuit;
and the temporary arm half-bridge circuit is connected with the data acquisition unit to form a full-bridge circuit for measuring actual strain.
6. The displacement meter of claim 1, wherein the support base comprises:
a bottom plate;
the side plates are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates form a limiting cavity; part of the cantilever beams are positioned in the limiting cavity and can slide along the length direction of the limiting cavity;
the fastener is fixed on the side plate and positioned above the cantilever beam, and the fastener is used for detachably and fixedly connecting the cantilever beam with the bottom plate.
7. The displacement meter of claim 6, wherein the fastener comprises:
the L-shaped plate is respectively corresponding to and fixed with the side plates along the two ends of the length direction, and comprises a first plate body and a second plate body which are vertically arranged, and the first plate body is parallel to the bottom plate;
the first plate body is provided with a first mounting groove along the length direction of the supporting seat, the first mounting groove penetrates through the second plate body, and the first mounting groove and the second plate body form a limiting hole for the cantilever beam to penetrate through;
the cover plate is fixed above the first plate body, and a second mounting groove for mounting the cantilever beam is formed in the cover plate;
one end of each of the plurality of threaded fasteners sequentially penetrates through the cover plate and the first plate body in the vertical direction, and the other end of each of the plurality of threaded fasteners protrudes out of the first plate body and the cantilever Liang Xiangdi.
8. The displacement meter according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the cantilever beam is provided with a plurality of measuring range marking layers along the length direction for corresponding the extension length of the cantilever beam to the maximum measuring range.
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| CN202111187980.7A CN114046722B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Displacement meter |
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| CN202111187980.7A CN114046722B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Displacement meter |
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