CN111664783A - Large-deformation displacement sensor and measuring method - Google Patents
Large-deformation displacement sensor and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111664783A CN111664783A CN202010552352.3A CN202010552352A CN111664783A CN 111664783 A CN111664783 A CN 111664783A CN 202010552352 A CN202010552352 A CN 202010552352A CN 111664783 A CN111664783 A CN 111664783A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-deformation displacement sensor and a measuring method, which comprises the following steps: a housing; a rotationally translatable displacement steering assembly disposed on the housing; the measuring rope is arranged on the displacement steering assembly; the sliding assembly is arranged on the shell and is connected with the displacement steering assembly; the deformation beams are arranged on the shell; one end of each spring is connected with the corresponding sliding assembly, and the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding deformation beam; and a plurality of detecting elements arranged on the deformation beam. The invention can realize high-precision continuous tracking and monitoring of large structural deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring, in particular to a large-deformation displacement sensor which is suitable for monitoring slope slippage and structural deformation, and particularly suitable for continuously measuring high-precision small deformation and large deformation.
Background
Deformation and displacement monitoring are important components of structure safety monitoring and evaluation, and have important significance for ensuring the safe service of the engineering structure.
As the construction of the national traffic infrastructure gradually expands to the west, more and more cutting slopes will appear. Due to the complex geological environment around the mountainous area traffic infrastructure, landslide, debris flow and other geological disasters occur sometimes, and the method becomes a main hidden danger influencing the safe operation of the line. The deformation of the soil slope before instability is often large, so that the conventional contact type displacement sensor is difficult to continuously track and monitor, and the non-contact type displacement sensor is high in cost and poor in real-time performance, and false alarm and missed alarm are easily caused.
Therefore, existing displacement and deformation monitoring techniques are subject to improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a large deformation displacement sensor and a measuring method, which are used for high-precision small deformation and large deformation continuous measurement, and mainly solve the problem of high-precision continuous monitoring of large structural deformation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a large deformation displacement sensor, comprising:
a housing;
a rotationally translatable displacement steering assembly disposed on the housing;
the measuring rope is arranged on the displacement steering assembly;
the sliding assembly is arranged on the shell and is connected with the displacement steering assembly;
the deformation beams are arranged on the shell;
one end of each spring is connected with the corresponding sliding assembly, and the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding deformation beam; and
and the detection elements are arranged on the deformation beam.
In a further aspect of the invention, the displacement steering assembly comprises:
the measuring rope is wound on the rotary cylinder;
the screw rod penetrates through the sliding assembly and the rotating cylinder and is connected with the rotating cylinder;
the bearing is arranged on the rotary cylinder and is connected with the sliding component;
and the energy storage spring is arranged between the bearing and the sliding component.
According to the invention, the surface of the rotary cylinder is provided with a thread structure, and the measuring rope is wound on the thread structure; wherein, the screw pitch of lead screw and rotary drum is equal.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the glide assembly comprises:
at least one guide rail fixed at the bottom of the shell;
the bracket is arranged on the guide rail and is connected with the bearing; and
and the sliding blocks are respectively connected with the guide rail and the bracket.
In a further development of the invention, the stiffness of the carrier is greater than the stiffness of the spring.
The invention is further provided with a first side surface hole on the shell, the measuring rope penetrates through the first side surface hole, and the leading-out direction of the measuring rope is vertical to the axial direction of the rotary cylinder.
According to a further arrangement of the invention, the first lateral hole is a conical hole which increases linearly from the inside to the outside.
According to a further arrangement of the present invention, the large deformation displacement sensor further comprises a tail wire, the tail wire being connected to the detecting element; wherein the detection element is an electrical measurement element or a fiber grating measurement element; and a second side surface hole is formed in the shell, and the tail wire is led out from the second side surface hole.
According to the further arrangement of the large-deformation displacement sensor, the large-deformation displacement sensor further comprises a plurality of limiting parts, and the limiting parts are arranged on the shell and located on one side of the deformation beam.
According to the further arrangement of the invention, the shell comprises first bosses which are oppositely arranged on two sides of the shell, the screw rod is arranged on the first bosses, and the deformation beam is arranged on the first bosses which are positioned on one side of the shell;
the support comprises a second boss oppositely arranged on the support, and the bearing is arranged on the second boss.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a large deformation displacement sensor measuring method, which is applied to the large deformation displacement sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:
the measuring rope drives the displacement steering assembly to rotate under the traction of a measured object; wherein, the number of turns of the displacement steering component is n:
wherein x is the displacement of the measured object, and R is the winding radius of the displacement steering assembly;
the displacement steering assembly drives the sliding assembly to synchronously and horizontally move; wherein, the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is Δ L, and the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is equal to the horizontal displacement volume of the displacement steering subassembly:
ΔL＝na；
wherein a is the lead of the displacement steering component;
the sliding assembly applies load to the spring and acts on the deformation beam to enable the deformation beam to generate bending deformation, wherein the deformation beam is strained, and the horizontal displacement of the sliding assembly is equal to the deformation of the spring:
＝f1(ΔL,k,z)；
wherein, DeltaL is the deformation of the spring, k is the spring coefficient, z is the comprehensive coefficient related to the geometric and mechanical parameters of the deformation beam, f1Is a corresponding mapping relation;
the detection element detects the strain generated by the deformation beam and outputs the strain through acquisition equipment, wherein the output quantity Y of the acquisition equipment is represented as:
y＝f2() (ii) a Wherein f is2Is a corresponding mapping relation;
establishing a relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line; wherein, the winding radius R of the displacement steering component, the lead a of the displacement steering component, the spring coefficient k and the comprehensive coefficient z are given values, and the function f1And function f2For a defined mapping relationship, according to function f1And function f2The mapping relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line is established as follows:
y＝f(x)。
according to a further configuration of the present invention, the detecting element is an electrical measuring element or a fiber grating measuring element; if the detection element is an electrical measurement element, the detection element is respectively connected with the acquisition equipment and the wireless transmission equipment; and if the detection elements are fiber grating measurement elements, the detection elements are connected to a fiber grating mediation instrument after being multiplexed and connected in series.
The invention provides a large-deformation displacement sensor and a measuring method, which comprises the following steps: a housing; a rotationally translatable displacement steering assembly disposed on the housing; the measuring rope is arranged on the displacement steering assembly; the sliding assembly is arranged on the shell and is connected with the displacement steering assembly; the deformation beams are arranged on the shell; one end of each spring is connected with the corresponding sliding assembly, and the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding deformation beam; and a plurality of detecting elements arranged on the deformation beam. The invention can realize continuous tracking and monitoring of large structural deformation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large deformation displacement sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the large deformation displacement sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the displacement measuring method of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of a hybrid cantilever beam structure.
The various symbols in the drawings: 1. a housing; 11. a first boss; 12. a first side hole; 13. a second side hole; 2. a displacement steering assembly; 21. a rotary drum; 22. a lead screw; 23. a bearing; 24. an energy storage spring; 3. rope measurement; 4. a slipping component; 41. a guide rail; 42. a support; 421. a second boss; 43. a slider; 5. a detection component; 51. a deformation beam; 52. a spring; 53. a detecting element; 54. a tail line; 6. a limiting part.
Detailed Description
When monitoring with larger deformation is carried out, the conventional contact displacement sensor is difficult to continuously track and monitor, and the non-contact displacement sensor has higher cost and poor real-time performance and is easy to cause false alarm and missed report. The invention provides a displacement sensor and a measuring method, in particular to a large-deformation displacement sensor which is suitable for monitoring slope slippage and structural deformation, is particularly suitable for high-precision small-deformation and large-deformation continuous tracking measurement, and solves the problem of high-precision continuous monitoring of large-deformation of a structure. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the embodiments and claims, the terms "a" and "an" can mean "one or more" unless the article is specifically limited.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a displacement sensor with large deformation according to a preferred embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a large deformation displacement sensor, which includes a housing 1, a displacement steering assembly 2, a measuring rope 3, a sliding assembly 4 and a detection assembly 5. Specifically, the shell 1 is connected with a fixed object, the displacement steering component 2 is arranged on the shell 1, the measuring rope 3 is arranged on the displacement steering component 2, wherein the displacement steering component 2 can rotate, the measuring rope 3 is wound on the displacement steering component 2, the movable end of the measuring rope 3 passes through the shell 1 to be connected with a measured object, the sliding component 4 is arranged on the shell 1 and connected with the displacement steering component 2, the detection assembly 5 comprises a deformation beam 51, a spring 52 and a detection element 53, wherein the deformation beam 51 is arranged on the shell 1, one end of the spring 52 is connected with the deformation beam 51, the other end is connected with the sliding component 4, the detecting member 53 is disposed on the deformation beam 51, and in one embodiment, the spring 52 may be a compression spring. When the device is used, the measuring rope 3 drives the displacement steering assembly 2 connected with the measuring rope 3 to rotate and translate under the traction of a measured object, so that the sliding assembly 4 is driven to translate towards the direction of the detection assembly 5, the spring 52 deforms and acts on the deformation beam 51 to enable the deformation beam 51 to bend and deform, the detection element 53 can detect the strain generated by the deformation beam 51, and the actual displacement variation is obtained through the detected strain; the measuring rope 3 is wound on the displacement steering assembly 2, and the displacement steering assembly 2 can rotate and translate under the traction of the measuring rope 3, so that the displacement steering assembly 2 achieves a large displacement transformation function, and the requirement of large-deformation continuous tracking measurement is met.
In a further implementation of an embodiment, the displacement steering assembly 2 comprises a rotary cylinder 21, a lead screw 22, a bearing 23 and an energy storage spring 24. Specifically, the surface of the rotary drum 21 has a thread structure, the measuring rope 3 is wound on the thread structure, so that the measuring rope 3 is precisely wound and mounted on the rotary drum 21, the lead screw 22 is inserted into the sliding component 4 and the rotary drum 21 and is connected with the rotary drum 21, wherein a ball nut (not shown) is provided on the lead screw 22, the lead screw 22 is fixedly connected with the inside of the rotary drum 21 through the ball nut, the bearing 23 is provided on the rotary drum 21 and is connected with the sliding component 4, the energy storage spring 24 is provided between the bearing 23 and the sliding component 4, and in one embodiment, the energy storage spring 24 may be a clockwork spring. The lead screw 22 and the rotary cylinder 21 are matched to realize displacement steering so as to provide a large-range and high-sensitivity measurement. The screw pitches of the lead screw 22 and the rotary cylinder 21 are equal to ensure that the rotary cylinder 21 and the lead screw 22 are kept in a synchronous state in the horizontal direction, so that the measurement accuracy of the large-deformation displacement sensor is ensured.
When the testee pulls the measuring rope, rotatory section of thick bamboo 21 rotatory and drive with rotatory section of thick bamboo 21 fixed connection the ball nut of lead screw 22 produces the translation, and then drives slip subassembly 4 synchronous translation makes spring 52 produces the extrusion, and acts on warp roof beam 51 so that warp roof beam 51 and take place bending deformation, detecting element 53 can be right the strain that warp roof beam 51 produced is surveyed. When the rotating drum 21 rotates, the energy storage spring 24 starts to store energy, and after the traction of the measuring rope 3 disappears, the energy storage spring 24 can provide energy for the rotating drum 21 to rotate reversely and horizontally move back and forth, so that the large-deformation displacement sensor has a bidirectional measuring function.
In a further embodiment of an embodiment, the housing 1 is provided with a first lateral hole 11, the measuring rope 3 is inserted into the first lateral hole 11, and the leading direction of the measuring rope 3 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotary drum 21, so as to ensure that the initial position of the rotary drum 21 and the first lateral hole 11 are maintained on a same cross section. Furthermore, the first side surface hole 11 is a tapered hole which is linearly increased from inside to outside, so that the measuring rope 3 can be ensured to vertically penetrate out of the first side surface hole 11 all the time while the measuring rope 3 has certain direction conversion capability outside, and the measuring accuracy of the large-deformation displacement sensor is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a further embodiment of an embodiment, the sliding assembly 4 includes two guide rails 41, a bracket 42 and a sliding block 43. Specifically, the guide rails 41 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the bottom of the housing 1, the bracket 42 is arranged on the guide rails 41 and connected with the bearing 23, and the sliding blocks 43 are respectively connected with the guide rails 41 and the bracket 42. The spring 52 is connected to the bracket 42, when the rotary drum 21 rotates, the lead screw 22 drives the bracket 42 connected to the rotary drum 21 to slide on the guide rail 41, so that the spring 52 deforms and acts on the deformation beam 51 to bend and deform the deformation beam 51, and when the rotary drum 21 rotates in the reverse direction, the lead screw 22 drives the bracket 42 connected to the rotary drum 21 to slide in the reverse direction on the guide rail 41, so as to change the deformation amount of the spring 52.
The screw shaft 22 and the ball nut, the bearing 23 and the rotary cylinder 21, and the slider 43 and the guide rail 41 are well fitted to reduce the resistance to the overall movement.
In a further implementation of an embodiment, the large deformation displacement sensor further comprises a tail wire 54, the tail wire 54 being connected with the detecting element 53; wherein, the detecting element 53 is an electrical measuring element or a fiber grating measuring element; the housing 1 is provided with a second side hole 13, and the tail line 54 is led out from the second side hole 13. Specifically, the housing 1 is provided with a second side hole 13, and the tail wire 54 is led out through the second side hole 13. Wherein, detecting element 53 can be electricity measuring element or fiber grating measuring element, if detecting element 53 is fiber grating measuring element, then establish detecting element 53 installation both sides warp roof beam 51 to form difference structure, thereby realize temperature compensation and improve sensitivity, it is a plurality of fiber grating measuring element connects to the fiber grating demodulator again after through tail-wire 54 multiplexing concatenates, in order to realize large-scale network monitoring. If the detecting element 53 is an electrical measuring element, a temperature measuring element needs to be additionally provided for compensation, and the electrical measuring element is connected with the acquisition device and the wireless transmission device through the tail wire 54 to realize remote wireless monitoring.
Further, the rigidity of the bracket 42 is greater than the rigidity of the spring 52, so that the deformation of one end of the bracket 42 connected with the spring 52 in the measurement process can be ignored, the occurrence of torsional deformation of the bracket 42 is avoided, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
It should be noted that, the spring 52 and the deformation beam 51 may be provided in multiple numbers, each spring 52 corresponds to one deformation beam 51, each spring 52 has a different elastic coefficient, and each deformation beam 51 has different geometric and mechanical parameters, so that the large deformation displacement sensor can achieve measurements with different sensitivities and measuring ranges. In the present embodiment, a description will be given taking as an example that the large deformation displacement sensor has two springs 52 and two deformation beams 51, respectively.
In a further implementation manner of an embodiment, the large deformation displacement sensor further includes a plurality of limiting portions 6, and the limiting portions 6 are disposed on the housing 1 and located on one side of the deformation beam 51. Specifically, the stopper portion 6 is attached to a side surface of the housing 1, and when the deformation beam 51 deforms, the stopper portion can restrict a large deformation of the deformation beam 51, and has an overload protection function in a large-range and small-range conversion measurement process.
In a further implementation manner of an embodiment, the housing 1 includes first bosses 11 oppositely disposed on two sides of the housing 1, the lead screw 22 is disposed on the first bosses 11, and the deformation beam 51 is disposed on the first bosses 11 located on one side of the housing 1. The bracket 42 includes a second boss 421 oppositely disposed on the bracket 42, and the bearing 23 is disposed on the second boss 421.
In specific implementation, that is, in the measuring process, firstly, the large deformation displacement sensor is fixed on a fixed object, the free end of the measuring rope 3 is connected with the measured object, when the measured object is displaced relative to the large deformation displacement sensor, the measured object drives the measuring rope 3 to move, and the other end of the measuring rope 3 is wound on the rotating drum 21, so that the movement of the measured object drives the rotating drum 21 to rotate, the rotating drum 21 is connected with the bracket 42 and is fixedly connected with the lead screw 22, the bracket 42 serves as a carrier of the rotating drum 21, the rotating drum 21 can translate through the lead screw 22 and drives the bracket 42 to translate in the same direction, so that the spring 52 connected with the bracket 42 is deformed, and then acts on the deformation beam 51 to generate bending deformation, and the detecting element 53 installed on the deformation beam 51 can detect the strain generated by the deformation beam 51, and the data obtained by detection is output to an external device through a tail wire 54 connected with the detection element 53, so that high-precision small-deformation and large-deformation continuous tracking measurement is realized. In the rotating process of the rotary drum 21, the energy storage spring 24 can store energy to provide energy for reverse measurement, and the principle of reverse measurement of the large deformation displacement sensor is similar to that of forward measurement, and is not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 3, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention further provides a large deformation displacement sensor measuring method, applied to the large deformation displacement sensor, the method including the steps of:
s100, driving the displacement steering assembly to rotate by the measuring rope under the traction of a measured object; wherein, the number of turns of the displacement steering component is n:
wherein x is the displacement of the measured object, and R is the winding radius of the displacement steering assembly;
s200, the displacement steering assembly drives the sliding assembly to synchronously and horizontally move; wherein, the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is Δ L, and the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is equal to the horizontal displacement volume of the displacement steering subassembly:
ΔL＝na；
wherein a is the lead of the displacement steering component;
s300, the sliding assembly applies load to the spring and acts on the deformation beam to enable the deformation beam to be subjected to bending deformation, wherein the deformation beam is stressed, and the horizontal displacement of the sliding assembly is equal to the deformation of the spring:
＝f1(ΔL,k,z)；
wherein, DeltaL is the deformation of the spring, k is the spring coefficient, z is the comprehensive coefficient related to the geometric and mechanical parameters of the deformation beam, f1Is a corresponding mapping relation;
s400, the strain generated by the deformation beam is detected by the detection element and output through acquisition equipment, wherein the output quantity Y of the acquisition equipment is represented as:
y＝f2() (ii) a Wherein f is2Is a corresponding mapping relation;
s500, establishing a relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line; wherein, the winding radius R of the displacement steering component, the lead a of the displacement steering component, the spring coefficient k and the comprehensive coefficient z are given values, and the function f1And function f2For a defined mapping relationship, according to function f1And function f2The mapping relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line is established as follows:
y＝f(x)；
according to the mapping relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line, the input quantity can be obtained by combining the output quantity of the detection element, and the measured displacement is also obtained.
In a further implementation of an embodiment, the detection element is an electrical measurement element or a fiber grating measurement element. If the detection element is an electrical measurement element, the detection element is respectively connected with the acquisition device and the wireless transmission device so as to realize a remote wireless monitoring function. If the detection elements are fiber grating measurement elements, the detection elements are connected to a fiber grating mediation instrument after being multiplexed and connected in series, and large-scale networking monitoring is achieved.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the present invention is further illustrated by taking the fiber grating as the detecting element and the hybrid cantilever as the deformable beam.
When using mixed type cantilever beam as elastic element, through pasting fiber grating on mixed type cantilever beam, the displacement that draws of measuring rope makes the displacement turn to the subassembly rotation and then turns into the horizontal migration of subassembly that slides to finally act on the spring and make the cantilever beam produce bending deformation, thereby make fiber grating produce and meet an emergency (compression or tensile), lead to its central wavelength to take place corresponding change, thereby obtain and draw the corresponding relation of displacement and wavelength change, like this alright obtain the displacement variation through the change of measuring the fiber grating wavelength. The actual measurement displacement of the fiber grating large-deformation displacement sensor is the ratio of the fiber grating central wavelength variation to the sensor sensitivity.
Assuming that the displacement of the measured object is x and the corresponding spring variation (i.e. the displacement of the bracket along the lead screw) is Δ L, the number of turns of the displacement steering assembly is:
Δ L ═ na; wherein a is the lead of the rotary cylinder and the lead screw. The horizontal displacement of the displacement steering component and the sliding component is equal to the deformation of the spring, and both the horizontal displacement and the deformation are delta L.
When the displacement sensor that deforms greatly of fiber grating leads to inside spring deflection to change because the measured object takes place the displacement, can know by hooke's law, the restoring force of spring is:
F＝k(ΔL-WB)；
wherein k is the elastic coefficient of the spring; Δ L is the spring variation; w is aBThe deflection of the mixed cantilever beam under the action of the restoring force of the spring.
The spring acting force borne by the mixed cantilever beam is approximately considered as concentrated load, and the deflection of the free end of the cantilever beam is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein I is the moment of inertia; e is the elastic modulus of the mixed cantilever beam; l is the length of the mixed cantilever beam; l1The length of the equal-strength section of the mixed cantilever beam; b0The width of the fixed end of the hybrid cantilever beam; b is the width of the free end of the hybrid cantilever beam; and h is the thickness of the hybrid cantilever beam.
The strain of the equal-strength section of the hybrid cantilever beam is as follows:
wherein σ is the strain of the hybrid cantilever beam.
The relationship between the central wavelength of the fiber grating reflection spectrum and the strain is as follows:
Due to the use of dual fiber grating differential temperature compensation, the sensitivity of the sensor can be expressed as:
in summary, the present invention provides a large deformation displacement sensor and a measuring method, which includes: a housing; a rotationally translatable displacement steering assembly disposed on the housing; the measuring rope is arranged on the displacement steering assembly; the sliding assembly is arranged on the shell and is connected with the displacement steering assembly; the deformation beams are arranged on the shell; one end of each spring is connected with the corresponding sliding assembly, and the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding deformation beam; and a plurality of detecting elements arranged on the deformation beam. The invention realizes high-precision continuous tracking monitoring of large structural deformation.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A large deformation displacement sensor, comprising:
a housing;
a rotationally translatable displacement steering assembly disposed on the housing;
the measuring rope is arranged on the displacement steering assembly;
the sliding assembly is arranged on the shell and is connected with the displacement steering assembly;
the deformation beams are arranged on the shell;
one end of each spring is connected with the corresponding sliding assembly, and the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding deformation beam; and
and the detection elements are arranged on the deformation beam.
2. The large deformation displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein the displacement steering assembly comprises:
the measuring rope is wound on the rotary cylinder;
the screw rod penetrates through the sliding assembly and the rotating cylinder and is connected with the rotating cylinder;
the bearing is arranged on the rotary cylinder and is connected with the sliding component;
and the energy storage spring is arranged between the bearing and the sliding component.
3. The large deformation displacement sensor of claim 2, wherein the surface of the rotating cylinder has a threaded structure, the measuring string being wound around the threaded structure; wherein, the screw pitch of lead screw and rotary drum is equal.
4. The large deformation displacement sensor of claim 2, wherein the glide assembly comprises:
at least one guide rail fixed at the bottom of the shell;
the bracket is arranged on the guide rail and is connected with the bearing; wherein the stiffness of the bracket is greater than the stiffness of the spring; and
and the sliding blocks are respectively connected with the guide rail and the bracket.
5. The large-deformation displacement sensor according to claim 2, wherein the housing is provided with a first lateral hole, the measuring rope is arranged in the first lateral hole in a penetrating manner, and the leading-out direction of the measuring rope is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotary cylinder; the first side face hole is a tapered hole which linearly increases from inside to outside.
6. The large deformation displacement sensor of claim 1, further comprising a tail wire, the tail wire being connected to the sensing element; wherein the detection element is an electrical measurement element or a fiber grating measurement element; and a second side surface hole is formed in the shell, and the tail wire is led out from the second side surface hole.
7. The large deformation displacement sensor according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of limiting portions, the limiting portions being disposed on the housing and located on one side of the deformation beam.
8. The large deformation displacement sensor according to claim 4, wherein the housing comprises first bosses oppositely arranged on two sides of the housing, the lead screw is arranged on the first bosses, and the deformation beam is arranged on the first bosses on one side of the housing;
the support comprises a second boss oppositely arranged on the support, and the bearing is arranged on the second boss.
9. A large deformation displacement sensor measuring method applied to the large deformation displacement sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the measuring rope drives the displacement steering assembly to rotate under the traction of a measured object; wherein, the number of turns of the displacement steering component is n:
wherein x is the displacement of the measured object, and R is the winding radius of the displacement steering assembly;
the displacement steering assembly drives the sliding assembly to synchronously and horizontally move; wherein, the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is Δ L, and the horizontal displacement volume of the slippage subassembly is equal to the horizontal displacement volume of the displacement steering subassembly:
ΔL＝na；
wherein a is the lead of the displacement steering component;
the sliding assembly applies load to the spring and acts on the deformation beam to enable the deformation beam to generate bending deformation, wherein the deformation beam is strained, and the horizontal displacement of the sliding assembly is equal to the deformation of the spring:
＝f1(ΔL,k,z)；
wherein, DeltaL is the deformation of the spring, k is the spring coefficient, z is the comprehensive coefficient related to the geometric and mechanical parameters of the deformation beam, f1Is a corresponding mapping relation;
the detection element detects the strain generated by the deformation beam and outputs the strain through acquisition equipment, wherein the output quantity Y of the acquisition equipment is represented as:
y＝f2() (ii) a Wherein f is2Is a corresponding mapping relation;
establishing a relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line; wherein, the winding radius R of the displacement steering component, the lead a of the displacement steering component, the spring coefficient k and the comprehensive coefficient z are given values, and the function f1And function f2For a defined mapping relationship, according to function f1And function f2The mapping relation between the output quantity of the detection element and the displacement of the measuring line is established as follows:
y＝f(x)。
10. the large-deformation displacement sensor measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the detecting element is an electrical measuring element or a fiber grating measuring element; if the detection element is an electrical measurement element, the detection element is respectively connected with the acquisition equipment and the wireless transmission equipment; and if the detection elements are fiber grating measurement elements, the detection elements are connected to a fiber grating mediation instrument after being multiplexed and connected in series.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010552352.3A CN111664783A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Large-deformation displacement sensor and measuring method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114046722A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-02-15 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Displacement meter |
| CN117824558A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Moving mechanism for high-low temperature test and displacement detection method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114046722A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-02-15 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Displacement meter |
| CN117824558A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Moving mechanism for high-low temperature test and displacement detection method |
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