CN114046008A - Waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114046008A CN114046008A CN202111362851.7A CN202111362851A CN114046008A CN 114046008 A CN114046008 A CN 114046008A CN 202111362851 A CN202111362851 A CN 202111362851A CN 114046008 A CN114046008 A CN 114046008A
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical group C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boron Chemical compound [B].N JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012952 cationic photoinitiator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borazine Chemical compound B1NBNBN1 BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
- C04B14/4618—Oxides
- C04B14/4631—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/10—Block or graft copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a waterproof building external wall insulation structure and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of external wall insulation, wherein the building external wall insulation structure sequentially comprises a concrete external wall body, a leveling layer, an external insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish coat from inside to outside, wherein the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete external wall body; the heat insulation structure can effectively form a building heat insulation system, reduce the influence of natural temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and the like on the main structure, achieve better heat insulation effect, reduce the generation of heat bridges and reduce the stress generated by the temperature in the structure; secondly, the air bed that forms between outer heat preservation and the waterproof finish coat can form effectual natural draft to reduce air conditioner load, guaranteed outer wall firmness and security through the veneer dry-hanging technique of non-bonding simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of external wall insulation, in particular to a waterproof building external wall insulation structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The outer wall heat preservation is to cover the outer side of the wall body with an energy-saving heat preservation material, so that the indoor temperature rise caused by outdoor sunlight irradiation is prevented in summer; in winter, indoor heat is prevented from being dissipated to the outside, and the cooling effect of cooling equipment in summer and the heating effect of heating in winter are mainly guaranteed, so that energy consumption is saved, and the energy utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the external wall heat insulation does not occupy indoor space, and the using area of the building is increased, so that the external wall heat insulation is most widely applied to building heat insulation and heat insulation, has the most prominent effect, and becomes a main construction method for building wall heat insulation in China.
Various building external wall heat insulation materials used at present are not ideal in comprehensive performance, wherein the used materials mainly comprise organic heat insulation materials such as benzene boards and polyurethane foaming materials, and inorganic heat insulation materials such as rock wool boards and glass wool, the benzene boards are low in price, but the heat insulation effect is general, and the problems of water absorption, deformation and the like can occur in the using process; the heat insulating performance of the polyurethane foaming material is higher than that of a benzene plate, but the price is higher than that of the benzene plate. The organic heat-insulating materials also have the defects of low strength, easy water absorption, flammability and easy dripping and melting. The inorganic heat-insulating material has the characteristics of fire resistance, freezing resistance, aging resistance, low price and the like, but has poor heat-insulating efficiency and large self weight.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a waterproof building external wall heat-insulation structure and a construction method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a waterproof building external wall insulation structure sequentially comprises a concrete external wall body, a leveling layer, an external insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish coat from inside to outside.
Preferably, the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete outer wall body.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a construction method of the waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the outer wall body: removing the protrusion, the looseness, the weathering and the surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall, so that the surface of the wall is clean and flat;
(2) construction of a leveling layer: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall with prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting while polishing, curing and maintaining;
(3) and (3) anchoring and mounting an outer heat insulation layer: installing an anchoring part on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer heat-insulating layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring part;
(4) installing a waterproof decorative surface layer: preparing a waterproof coating and coating the waterproof coating on a facing to obtain the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof decorative surface layer is fixed on the outer heat-insulating layer through a hanging piece.
Preferably, the preparation method of the external heat insulation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring, heating to boil, removing a heat source after full dissolution, adding phosphoric acid under stirring to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 1-2h at room temperature to be transparent to obtain a spinning solution, preparing a spinning fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fiber into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain a nano-silica fiber, and dispersing the nano-silica fiber in a polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the ethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100, respectively;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving the aluminum chloride and boric acid in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain a gel, performing freeze-thaw cycling for 2-3 times, performing freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at a heat treatment temperature of 900-;
wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, the deionized water and the tetraethoxysilane is 1.95: 0.45: 100: (7.5-7.8).
Preferably, the temperature of the spinning fiber calcination treatment is 1000-1300 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the preparation method of the external heat insulation layer further comprises the following steps:
s3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 120 ℃ under the protection of argon gas of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain mixed atmosphere, placing the outer heat-preservation layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing for atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer heat-preservation layer material after the diffusion is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat-preservation film.
Preferably, the secondary heat treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 100 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-plus-1000 ℃, and switching to the protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 ℃.
Preferably, the preparation method of the waterproof finishing layer comprises the following steps:
a1, and mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing the glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane and the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in butyl acetate, heating to 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and reflux for 1-2h, cooling after the reflux is finished, adding an acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding an ethyl acetate solution of the glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane into the supernatant, fully stirring and mixing, adding a cationic photoinitiator and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof paint on the finishing layer, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finishing layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can effectively form a building heat-insulation system by the external wall heat-insulation technology, greatly reduces the influence of natural temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and the like on the main structure, achieves better heat-insulation effect, reduces the generation of heat bridges, and reduces the stress generated by the temperature in the structure; secondly, an air layer formed between the outer heat-insulating layer and the waterproof veneer layer can form effective natural ventilation so as to reduce air conditioning load, save energy consumption and remove moisture so as to protect the heat-insulating layer material, and simultaneously, the firmness and the safety of the outer wall are ensured by a non-adhesive veneer dry hanging technology;
(2) the aerogel has low self weight and thermal conductivity, is a good heat-insulating material, but has brittle texture and crystallization-induced fragmentation, is easy to cause serious strength degradation or collapse, and has low stability; further, based on the porous structure of the aerogel, the boroaluminosilicate aerogel is modified by a gas-phase permeation diffusion method, specifically, a dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane is decomposed into borazine under a thermal condition, the borazine is uniformly diffused in the aerogel and condensed into boroalkene, and then a boron nitride coating is formed on the pore wall through high-temperature thermal treatment, so that the reduction of anchoring strength caused by toughness is reduced; furthermore, the invention takes ethylene or acetylene as a thermal deposition atmosphere to deposit and form a carbon layer in the aerogel, so that the internal hydrophobicity of the aerogel is enhanced, the water absorption rate of the aerogel is reduced, and the heat-insulating material has air permeability and impermeability.
(3) The outer wall body coating requires good waterproofness, corrosion resistance and durability, the corrosion resistance and durability of a paint film are improved by modifying cage-type silsesquioxane on the basis of epoxy resin paint, specifically, the outer wall body coating is prepared into a modified polymerization precursor based on ring-opening reaction of amino groups to glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane, polydimethylsiloxane is grafted on the cage-type silsesquioxane to avoid phase separation due to compatibility, and then the polydimethylsiloxane is crosslinked with the glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane to form a polymerization network, wherein silicon oxide inorganic components in the cage-type silsesquioxane endow the coating with excellent wearability and hardness, and the introduced low surface energy polydimethylsiloxane endows the surface of the coating with excellent waterproofness.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure sequentially comprises a concrete external wall body, a leveling layer, an external heat insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish coat from inside to outside;
the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete outer wall body;
the construction method of the waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the outer wall body: removing the protrusion, the looseness, the weathering and the surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall, so that the surface of the wall is clean and flat;
(2) construction of a leveling layer: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall with prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting while polishing, curing and maintaining;
(3) and (3) anchoring and mounting an outer heat insulation layer: installing an anchoring part on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer heat-insulating layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring part;
(4) installing a waterproof decorative surface layer: preparing a waterproof coating and coating the waterproof coating on a facing to obtain the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof decorative surface layer is fixed on the outer heat-insulating layer by a pendant;
the preparation method of the outer insulating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring, heating to boil, removing a heat source after full dissolution, adding phosphoric acid under stirring to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 1-2h at room temperature to be transparent to obtain a spinning solution, preparing a spinning fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fiber into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain a nano-silica fiber, and dispersing the nano-silica fiber in a polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1.1: 10: 3.8 of the total weight of the mixture; the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fibers to the polyacrylamide to the water is 0.45: 0.01: 100, respectively; the calcining temperature of the spinning fiber is 1200 ℃, and the calcining time is 1 h;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving the aluminum chloride and boric acid in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain a gel, performing freeze-thaw cycling for 2-3 times, performing freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at a heat treatment temperature of 900-;
wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, the deionized water and the tetraethoxysilane is 1.95: 0.45: 100: (7.5-7.8);
the preparation method of the waterproof decorative layer comprises the following steps:
a1, and mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing gamma-glycidol ether oxypropyl silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing the gamma-glycidol ether oxypropyl silsesquioxane and the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in butyl acetate, heating to 100-120 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and refluxing for 1-2 hours, cooling after refluxing is finished, adding an acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding the gamma-glycidol ether oxypropyl silsesquioxane with the same amount as the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane into the supernatant, adding an ethyl acetate solvent for dilution, fully stirring and mixing, adding triphenyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
the mass ratio of the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane to the gamma-glycidoxypropyl silsesquioxane, the triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate and the propylene carbonate is 1: 1: 0.05: 3;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof paint on the finishing layer, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finishing layer.
Example 2
A waterproof building exterior wall insulation structure, which is the same as embodiment 1 except that the preparation method of the exterior insulation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring, heating to boil, removing a heat source after full dissolution, adding phosphoric acid under stirring to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 1-2h at room temperature to be transparent to obtain a spinning solution, preparing a spinning fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fiber into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain a nano-silica fiber, and dispersing the nano-silica fiber in a polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the ethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100, respectively; the calcining temperature of the spinning fiber is 1000-1300 ℃, and the calcining time is 0.5-2 h;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving the aluminum chloride and boric acid in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain a gel, performing freeze-thaw cycling for 2-3 times, performing freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at a heat treatment temperature of 900-;
wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, the deionized water and the tetraethoxysilane is 1.95: 0.45: 100: (7.5-7.8);
s3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 120 ℃ under the protection of argon gas of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain mixed atmosphere, placing the outer heat-preservation layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing for atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer heat-preservation layer material after the diffusion is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat-preservation film;
the secondary heat treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 100 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-plus-1000 ℃, and switching to the protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 ℃.
Example 3
The difference between the waterproof building external wall heat-insulating structure and the embodiment 1 is that the waterproof coating coated on the waterproof finish coat is conventional epoxy resin waterproof paint.
Comparative example
Respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving the aluminum chloride and the boric acid in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a sol solution, pouring the sol solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze-thaw cycle for 2-3 times, performing freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at the heat treatment temperature of 900-1000 ℃ for 10-60min, and cooling to obtain a porous heat-insulating material; wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, the deionized water and the tetraethoxysilane is 1.95: 0.45: 100: (7.5-7.8).
The basic performance of the outer insulating layer of the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example is tested, and the test results are as follows:
the waterproof coatings of examples 1 and 3 were tested for various mechanical and physical properties, and the test results are as follows:
finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a waterproof type building outer wall insulation structure which characterized in that, from interior to exterior includes the concrete outer wall body, screed-coat, outer heat preservation, air bed and waterproof finish coat in proper order.
2. The waterproof building exterior wall insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete exterior wall.
3. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall heat insulation structure according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the outer wall body: removing the protrusion, the looseness, the weathering and the surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall, so that the surface of the wall is clean and flat;
(2) construction of a leveling layer: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall with prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting while polishing, curing and maintaining;
(3) and (3) anchoring and mounting an outer heat insulation layer: installing an anchoring part on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer heat-insulating layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring part;
(4) installing a waterproof decorative surface layer: preparing a waterproof coating and coating the waterproof coating on a facing to obtain the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof decorative surface layer is fixed on the outer heat-insulating layer through a hanging piece.
4. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall insulation structure according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the external insulation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring, heating to boil, removing a heat source after full dissolution, adding phosphoric acid under stirring to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 1-2h at room temperature to be transparent to obtain a spinning solution, preparing a spinning fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fiber into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain a nano-silica fiber, and dispersing the nano-silica fiber in a polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the ethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100, respectively;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving the aluminum chloride and boric acid in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain a gel, performing freeze-thaw cycling for 2-3 times, performing freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at a heat treatment temperature of 900-;
wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, the deionized water and the tetraethoxysilane is 1.95: 0.45: 100: (7.5-7.8).
5. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall heat insulation structure according to claim 4, wherein the calcination treatment temperature of the spinning fiber is 1000-1300 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-2 h.
6. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall insulation structure according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the external insulation layer further comprises the following steps:
s3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 120 ℃ under the protection of argon gas of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain mixed atmosphere, placing the outer heat-preservation layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing for atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer heat-preservation layer material after the diffusion is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat-preservation film.
7. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall heat insulation structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the secondary heat treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 100 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, heating to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-plus-1000 ℃, and switching to the protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 ℃.
8. The construction method of the waterproof type building external wall heat insulation structure according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the waterproof finish coat comprises the following steps:
a1, and mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing the glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane and the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in butyl acetate, heating to 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and reflux for 1-2h, cooling after the reflux is finished, adding an acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding an ethyl acetate solution of the glycidyl ether group silsesquioxane into the supernatant, fully stirring and mixing, adding a cationic photoinitiator and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof paint on the finishing layer, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finishing layer.
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