CN114046008B - Waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114046008B CN114046008B CN202111362851.7A CN202111362851A CN114046008B CN 114046008 B CN114046008 B CN 114046008B CN 202111362851 A CN202111362851 A CN 202111362851A CN 114046008 B CN114046008 B CN 114046008B
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boron Chemical compound [B].N JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012952 cationic photoinitiator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borazine Chemical compound B1NBNBN1 BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
- C04B14/4618—Oxides
- C04B14/4631—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/10—Block or graft copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a waterproof building external wall heat-insulating structure and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of external wall heat insulation, wherein the building external wall heat-insulating structure sequentially comprises a concrete external wall body, a leveling layer, an external heat-insulating layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish layer from inside to outside, and the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete external wall body; the heat insulation structure can effectively form a building heat insulation system, reduce the influence of natural temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and the like on a main structure, achieve a better heat insulation effect, reduce the generation of a heat bridge and reduce the stress generated by the temperature in the structure; and secondly, an air layer formed between the outer heat-insulating layer and the waterproof finish layer can form effective natural ventilation so as to reduce the load of an air conditioner, and meanwhile, the firmness and the safety of the outer wall are ensured by a non-adhesive finish dry-hanging technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of external wall insulation, in particular to a waterproof building external wall insulation structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The outer wall heat preservation is to cover the outer side of the wall body with energy-saving heat preservation materials, and prevent indoor temperature rise caused by outdoor sunlight irradiation in summer; in winter, indoor heat is prevented from being dissipated outdoors, the cooling effect of cooling equipment in summer and the heating effect of heating in winter are mainly guaranteed, so that energy consumption is saved, and the energy utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the heat insulation of the outer wall does not occupy indoor space, and the service area of the building is increased, so that the heat insulation of the outer wall is most widely applied to heat insulation of the building, the effect is most remarkable, and the heat insulation of the outer wall becomes a main construction method for heat insulation of the building wall in China.
The existing various building external wall heat insulation materials are not ideal in comprehensive performance, wherein the materials are mainly organic heat insulation materials such as benzene boards, polyurethane foaming materials and the like, and inorganic heat insulation materials such as rock wool boards, glass wool and the like, the benzene boards are low in price, but the heat insulation effect is general, and the problems of water absorption, deformation and the like can occur in the use process; the heat insulation performance of the polyurethane foaming material is higher than that of the benzene board, but the price is higher than that of the benzene board. These organic insulating materials also have the disadvantages of low strength, easy water absorption, flammability and easy dripping. The inorganic heat insulating material has the characteristics of fire prevention, freeze protection, ageing resistance, low price and the like, but has poor heat insulating efficiency and large dead weight.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure and a construction method thereof.
The aim of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure sequentially comprises a concrete outer wall body, a leveling layer, an outer heat insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish layer from inside to outside.
Preferably, the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete outer wall.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a construction method of the waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of an outer wall: removing the protrusion, looseness, efflorescence and surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall body, so that the surface of the wall body is clean and flat;
(2) And (3) leveling layer construction: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall body with the prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting, trowelling, curing and maintaining;
(3) And (3) anchoring and installing an outer heat preservation layer: installing an anchoring piece on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer thermal insulation layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring piece;
(4) Waterproof finish layer installation: preparing waterproof paint and coating the waterproof paint on the facing to prepare the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof finish layer is fixed on the outer heat insulation layer by a pendant.
Preferably, the preparation method of the outer heat insulation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone and dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring and heating to boil, removing a heat source after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is fully dissolved, adding phosphoric acid under the stirring condition to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours under the room temperature condition to be transparent to obtain spinning solution, preparing the spinning solution into spinning fibers by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fibers into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain nano silicon dioxide fibers, and dispersing the nano silicon dioxide fibers in an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the tetraethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze thawing circulation for 2-3 times, freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and cooling to obtain the external heat insulation layer;
wherein, the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, deionized water and tetraethoxysilane is 1.95:0.45:100: (7.5-7.8).
Preferably, the temperature of the calcination treatment of the spinning fiber is 1000-1300 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-2h.
Preferably, the preparation method of the outer thermal insulation layer further comprises the following steps:
and S3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating the dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 100-120 ℃ under the protection of argon of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain a mixed atmosphere, placing the outer insulating layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing, performing atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer insulating layer material after diffusion, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ammonia borane.
Preferably, the secondary heat treatment conditions are: heating to 100deg.C under protective atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 1h, heating to 600deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 0.5h, heating to 1400 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-1000deg.C, and switching to protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 deg.C.
Preferably, the preparation method of the waterproof finishing layer comprises the following steps:
a1, according to the mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing glycidyl ether silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing in butyl acetate, heating to 100-120 ℃, keeping the temperature and refluxing for 1-2h, cooling after the refluxing is finished, adding acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding ethyl acetate solution of the glycidyl ether silsesquioxane into the supernatant, fully stirring and mixing, adding a cationic photoinitiator and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof coating on the finish coat, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finish coat.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention effectively forms a building heat preservation system through an external wall external heat preservation technology, greatly reduces the influence of natural temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and the like on a main structure, achieves a better heat preservation effect, reduces the generation of a heat bridge, and reduces the stress generated by the temperature in the structure; secondly, an air layer formed between the outer heat-insulating layer and the waterproof finish layer can form effective natural ventilation so as to reduce the load of an air conditioner, save energy consumption and remove moisture to protect heat-insulating layer materials, and simultaneously ensure the firmness and the safety of the outer wall through a non-adhesive finish dry-hanging technology;
(2) The aerogel has low dead weight and heat conductivity, is a good heat preservation and insulation material, but has brittle quality and crystallization-induced crushing, is easy to cause serious strength degradation or collapse and has low stability; further, the porous structure of the aerogel is based, the borosilicate aerogel is modified by a gas-phase permeation diffusion method, specifically, a dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane is decomposed into borazine under a thermal condition, the borazine is uniformly diffused in the aerogel to be condensed into boracene, and then a boron nitride coating is formed on the pore wall by high-temperature heat treatment, so that the reduction of anchoring strength caused by toughness is reduced; and further, ethylene or acetylene is used as a thermal deposition atmosphere, a carbon layer is formed in the aerogel by deposition, the internal hydrophobicity of the aerogel is enhanced, the water absorption rate of the aerogel is reduced, and the heat insulation material has ventilation and impermeability.
(3) The external wall coating requires good water resistance, corrosion resistance and durability, the corrosion resistance and durability of a paint film are improved by modifying cage-type silsesquioxane on the basis of epoxy resin paint, and particularly, the modified polymer precursor is prepared based on ring-opening reaction of amino-pair glycidyl ether-based silsesquioxane, and the polydimethylsiloxane can avoid phase separation caused by compatibility through grafting on the cage-type silsesquioxane and is crosslinked with the glycidyl ether-based silsesquioxane to form a polymer network, wherein the excellent wear resistance and hardness are provided for the coating by a silicon oxide inorganic component in the cage-type silsesquioxane, and the excellent water resistance is provided for the surface of the coating by the introduced low-surface-energy polydimethylsiloxane.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure sequentially comprises a concrete outer wall body, a leveling layer, an outer heat insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish layer from inside to outside;
the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete outer wall;
the construction method of the waterproof building external wall heat insulation structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of an outer wall: removing the protrusion, looseness, efflorescence and surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall body, so that the surface of the wall body is clean and flat;
(2) And (3) leveling layer construction: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall body with the prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting, trowelling, curing and maintaining;
(3) And (3) anchoring and installing an outer heat preservation layer: installing an anchoring piece on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer thermal insulation layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring piece;
(4) Waterproof finish layer installation: preparing waterproof paint and coating the waterproof paint on the facing to prepare the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof finish layer is fixed on the outer heat insulation layer by a pendant;
the preparation method of the outer heat preservation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone and dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring and heating to boil, removing a heat source after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is fully dissolved, adding phosphoric acid under the stirring condition to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours under the room temperature condition to be transparent to obtain spinning solution, preparing the spinning solution into spinning fibers by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fibers into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain nano silicon dioxide fibers, and dispersing the nano silicon dioxide fibers in an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the tetraethyl orthosilicate is 1.1:10:3.8; the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is 0.45:0.01:100; the calcination treatment temperature of the spinning fiber is 1200 ℃, and the calcination time is 1h;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze thawing circulation for 2-3 times, freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and cooling to obtain the external heat insulation layer;
wherein, the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, deionized water and tetraethoxysilane is 1.95:0.45:100: (7.5-7.8);
the preparation method of the waterproof finish layer comprises the following steps:
a1, according to the mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing gamma-glycidoxypropyl silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing in butyl acetate, heating to 100-120 ℃, keeping the temperature and refluxing for 1-2h, cooling after the refluxing is finished, adding acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding gamma-glycidoxypropyl silsesquioxane which is equal to the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane into the supernatant, adding ethyl acetate solvent for dilution, fully stirring and mixing, adding triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
the mass ratio of the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane to the gamma-glycidyl ether oxypropyl silsesquioxane to the triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate to the propylene carbonate is 1:1:0.05:3, a step of;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof coating on the finish coat, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finish coat.
Example 2
A waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that the preparation method of the outer heat insulation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone and dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring and heating to boil, removing a heat source after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is fully dissolved, adding phosphoric acid under the stirring condition to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours under the room temperature condition to be transparent to obtain spinning solution, preparing the spinning solution into spinning fibers by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fibers into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain nano silicon dioxide fibers, and dispersing the nano silicon dioxide fibers in an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the tetraethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100; the calcination treatment temperature of the spinning fiber is 1000-1300 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-2h;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze thawing circulation for 2-3 times, freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and cooling to obtain the external heat insulation layer;
wherein, the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, deionized water and tetraethoxysilane is 1.95:0.45:100: (7.5-7.8);
s3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating the dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 100-120 ℃ under the protection of argon of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain a mixed atmosphere, placing the outer insulating layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing, performing atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer insulating layer material after diffusion, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ammonia borane;
the secondary heat treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 100deg.C under protective atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 1h, heating to 600deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 0.5h, heating to 1400 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-1000deg.C, and switching to protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 deg.C.
Example 3
A waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure is the same as in the embodiment 1, wherein the waterproof coating coated on the waterproof finish layer is conventional epoxy resin waterproof paint.
Comparative example
Respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain a sol solution, pouring the sol solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze thawing cycle for 2-3 times, freeze drying and dewatering, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 900-1000 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and cooling to obtain the porous heat insulation material; wherein, the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, deionized water and tetraethoxysilane is 1.95:0.45:100: (7.5-7.8).
The basic properties of the outer insulation layers of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples were tested as follows:
the waterproof coatings described in example 1 and example 3 were tested for various mechanical and physical properties, and the test results were as follows:
finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The waterproof building outer wall heat insulation structure is characterized by sequentially comprising a concrete outer wall body, a leveling layer, an outer heat insulation layer, an air layer and a waterproof finish layer from inside to outside, wherein the leveling layer is formed by coating epoxy polymer mortar on the concrete outer wall body;
the preparation method of the outer heat preservation layer comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone and dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone in deionized water, stirring and heating to boil, removing a heat source after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is fully dissolved, adding phosphoric acid under the stirring condition to adjust the pH value to 2-3, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours under the room temperature condition to be transparent to obtain spinning solution, preparing the spinning solution into spinning fibers by an electrostatic spinning method, transferring the spinning fibers into a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment to obtain nano silicon dioxide fibers, and dispersing the nano silicon dioxide fibers in an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide to obtain a dispersion solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the deionized water to the tetraethyl orthosilicate is (1-1.1): 10: (3.5-3.8); the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide fiber to the polyacrylamide to the water is (0.42-0.45): (0.01-0.02): 100;
s2, respectively weighing aluminum chloride and boric acid, dissolving in deionized water, fully stirring and mixing, adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring and reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain a sol solution, adding the sol solution into the dispersion solution, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, standing and degassing to obtain gel, performing freeze thawing circulation for 2-3 times, freeze drying and dehydration, demolding, transferring into a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃, performing heat treatment for 10-60 minutes, and cooling to obtain an external heat-insulating layer material;
wherein, the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride to the boric acid, deionized water and tetraethoxysilane is 1.95:0.45:100: (7.5-7.8);
and S3, dispersing and dissolving ammonia borane in dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol, heating the dimethoxy tetraethylene glycol solution of ammonia borane to 100-120 ℃ under the protection of argon of 5-10kPa, preserving heat for 1h to obtain a mixed atmosphere, placing the outer insulating layer material prepared in the step S2 in the mixed atmosphere, sealing, performing atmosphere diffusion treatment, performing secondary heat treatment on the outer insulating layer material after diffusion, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the outer insulating layer.
2. The waterproof building exterior wall insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the calcination treatment of the spun fiber is 1000-1300 ℃ and the calcination time is 0.5-2h.
3. The waterproof building exterior wall insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein the secondary heat treatment conditions are: heating to 100deg.C under protective atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 1h, heating to 600deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 0.5h, heating to 1400 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 1h, switching the protective atmosphere to ethylene or acetylene when the temperature is reduced to 900-1000deg.C, and switching to protective atmosphere when the temperature is reduced to below 900 deg.C.
4. The waterproof building exterior wall insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the waterproof finishing layer comprises the following steps:
a1, according to the mass ratio of 10: (0.5-0.6) respectively weighing glycidyl ether silsesquioxane and amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dispersing in butyl acetate, heating to 100-120 ℃, keeping the temperature and refluxing for 1-2h, cooling after the refluxing is finished, adding acetonitrile solvent for dilution, separating supernatant, adding ethyl acetate solution of the glycidyl ether silsesquioxane into the supernatant, fully stirring and mixing, adding a cationic photoinitiator and propylene carbonate, and fully mixing to obtain the waterproof coating;
a2, uniformly coating the waterproof coating on the finish coat, drying in hot air flow at 60-70 ℃, and drying to obtain the waterproof finish coat.
5. The construction method of the waterproof type building exterior wall insulation structure according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of an outer wall: removing the protrusion, looseness, efflorescence and surface pollutants on the surface of the concrete outer wall body, so that the surface of the wall body is clean and flat;
(2) And (3) leveling layer construction: coating the defect part of the concrete outer wall body with the prepared epoxy polymer mortar, compacting, trowelling, curing and maintaining;
(3) And (3) anchoring and installing an outer heat preservation layer: installing an anchoring piece on the cured and dried leveling layer, and fixing the outer thermal insulation layer on the leveling layer through the anchoring piece;
(4) Waterproof finish layer installation: preparing waterproof paint and coating the waterproof paint on the facing to prepare the waterproof facing layer; the waterproof finish layer is fixed on the outer heat insulation layer by a pendant.
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