CN114039386A - Energy storage and wind-electricity combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method - Google Patents
Energy storage and wind-electricity combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method which comprises a wind turbine generator and an energy storage unit, wherein the wind turbine generator is controlled by a controller to transmit power to a power grid and charge the energy storage unit for supplementing electric energy, the power output of the wind turbine generator has the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, the energy storage unit is used for participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, and when the primary frequency modulation demand of the power grid occurs, the method is used for coping with the frequency deviation of the primary frequency modulation demandfEstablishing the frequency-modulated power amountP. The method of the invention considers the fan and the energy storage as a whole to calculate the primary frequency modulation quantity, comprehensively considers the problem of how to economically and reasonably distribute energy between the fan and the energy storage, and utilizes the rapidity of the energy storage battery to improve the primary frequency modulation performance of the whole station, so that the fan has the maximum power control and the conventional fire control at the same timeThe same inertia response characteristic of the motor set improves the acceptance capacity of new energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering, and particularly relates to an energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method which is mainly used for improving the frequency response characteristic of a matched energy storage wind power plant and actively participating in the primary frequency modulation of a power grid.
Background
Frequency is one of the most important operating parameters of an electric power system, and frequency variation has an important influence on the safe and stable operation of the system. In recent years, the penetration rate of wind power generation in power systems is increasing, and the frequency safety of a power grid is challenged: the wind turbine generator is in maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) and is controlled through power electronics, so that the wind turbine generator does not have the capabilities of inertial response and primary frequency modulation; with the large-scale grid connection of new energy such as wind power generation and the like, the inertia constant and the frequency modulation reserve capacity of the system are reduced.
In order to ensure the safety of a power plant and a power utilization network, the wind power plant station needs to have a primary frequency modulation response function according to the requirements of the auxiliary service management implementation rule of the grid-connected power plant in the east China area and the implementation rule of the grid-connected operation management implementation rule of the power plant in the east China area. The existing control method for the wind power station to participate in frequency modulation mainly takes the cost of self economy as a cost, which is opposite to the economic appeal of a power system, and is influenced by the constraint of the rotating speed of a rotor and slow response of variable-pitch control, and the frequency modulation requirement of the system is difficult to meet only by a wind turbine generator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method, which enables a wind power station to have the capability of actively supporting and participating in rapid adjustment of the frequency of a power grid at a grid-connected point, meets the power grid frequency modulation requirement of wind power generation under high permeability in a power system, ensures safe and stable operation of the power grid, and improves the new energy acceptance capability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an energy storage and wind-electricity union one-time frequency modulation optimal control method, includes wind turbine generator system and energy storage unit, and wind turbine generator system passes through controller control and carries electric power to the electric wire netting and charges to energy storage unit and supply electric energy, and wind turbine generator system's power output leaves the ability of participating in electric wire netting primary frequency modulation, wherein: the energy storage unit is used for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid, and when the primary frequency modulation requirement occurs in the power grid, the method is used for establishing a frequency modulation power amount delta P corresponding to a frequency deviation delta f occurring in the primary frequency modulation requirement;
when Δ P > 0, two working cases are distinguished:
the first operating condition is: if P is1max-P10If the frequency is more than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased to perform primary frequency modulation of the power grid; and if P1max-P10If the frequency is less than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased, the energy storage unit discharges to jointly perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid, and the energy storage unit compensates the power shortage of the fan;
the second operating condition is: acquiring SOC data of the energy storage battery, and judging whether the current SOC state of the energy storage battery meets the condition that SOC is more than SOCminIf the output power of the wind turbine generator is not met, the energy storage unit discharges to independently perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid, and if the output power of the wind turbine generator is not met, the output power of the wind turbine generator and the energy storage unit discharges to jointly perform primary frequency modulation on the power gridFrequently, the wind turbine is used for compensating the shortage of the energy storage unit;
when the delta P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in a full-capacity state, the wind turbine generator is only operated to reduce power to perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid; if the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state and when P is2max-P20> - [ Delta ] P-is obtained by performing primary frequency modulation on the power grid only by charging the energy storage unit when P is equal to2max-P20If delta P, performing primary frequency modulation on the power grid by charging the energy storage unit and reducing the power of the wind generating set, and compensating the shortage of the energy storage charging power by the wind generating set;
wherein:
P1maxthe adjustable power upper limit of the current wind turbine generator set is set;
P10outputting active power for the wind turbine generator at the beginning of frequency modulation;
P2maxcharging the current energy storage unit to an upper limit;
P20active power is provided for the energy storage unit;
△f＝fref-fmeas，frefrated for the grid at 50Hz, fmeasActual grid frequency;
PNthe rated power of the wind turbine generator is set;
delta% is the unit difference adjustment coefficient;
the SOC is the available capacity of the energy storage battery and is obtained by real-time monitoring;
SOCminthe regulated minimum capacity is satisfied for the energy storage battery.
The scheme is further as follows: when Δ P > 0, of the first operating condition and the second operating condition, the second operating condition is selected first.
The scheme is further as follows: the range of the power output capacity participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid is +/-6 percent PN。
The scheme is further as follows: when the delta P is larger than 0, the adjustable power upper limit of the front wind turbine generator is the maximum output power of the wind turbine generator in the MPPT mode of the fan by adjusting the pitch angle of the fan to change the rotating speed of an impeller of the fan.
The scheme is further as follows: when the frequency modulation demand is absent, the SOC data of the energy storage unit is detected, and when the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state, the output power of the wind turbine generator is promoted to charge the energy storage unit.
The scheme is further as follows: the energy storage unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of energy storage batteries in parallel, each group of energy storage batteries is provided with a controller, and when delta P is larger than 0, in the second working condition, the SOC data of the energy storage batteries is obtained by obtaining the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiThe data set of (2); during discharging, according to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiSequentially discharging from large to small;
when delta P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in an under capacity state, and when P is less than 02max-P20When > - | Δ P |, the charging of the energy storage unit for primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows: obtaining SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiAccording to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiIs charged in order from small to large.
The scheme is further as follows: each group of energy storage batteries is provided with two frequency modulation triggering instructions: respectively a discharging trigger instruction and a charging trigger instruction;
when delta P is larger than 0 in the frequency modulation discharging process, according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging permission of each group of energy storage batteries by the discharging triggering instruction, wherein in the discharging process, the group of energy storage batteries stop discharging after the discharging time reaches the time length of the discharging permission in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries;
when delta P is less than 0, the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging trigger instruction allowed to be charged of each group of energy storage batteries, and stopping charging the group of energy storage batteries when the charging time reaches the time length allowed to be charged in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries in the charging process.
The scheme is further as follows: discharge triggering instruction of each energy storage batteryTime length of charging trigger command and time length of charging trigger command according to SOCiIs varied linearly.
The scheme is further as follows: the time length of the allowed discharge is the discharge time length when the available capacity of the energy storage battery is reduced to 70% of the rated capacity; the time length of the allowable charging is the charging time length when the available capacity of the energy storage battery is increased to 90% of the rated capacity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention considers the fan and the energy storage as a whole to calculate the primary frequency modulation amount, comprehensively considers the problem of how to economically and reasonably distribute energy between the fan and the energy storage, utilizes the rapidity of the energy storage battery to improve the primary frequency modulation performance of the whole station, ensures that the fan has the same inertial response characteristic as a conventional thermal power unit while controlling the maximum power, and actively participates in the frequency modulation of the power grid, avoids the problem of uneconomic excessive reserved output when wind power participates in the frequency modulation of the power grid alone or the problem of substandard frequency modulation performance when wind power participates in the frequency modulation alone, reduces the occurrence of the phenomenon of wind abandonment, and improves the acceptance capacity of new energy.
According to the invention, the energy storage unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of energy storage batteries in parallel, and the energy storage batteries are charged and discharged in a differentiated mode by considering the states of the energy storage batteries, so that the service life of the energy storage batteries is prolonged.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of a matching energy storage wind farm of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of droop control in a wind farm;
FIG. 3 is a general block diagram of wind storage in coordination with primary frequency modulation command distribution;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of distribution of primary frequency modulation instructions for a fan to operate in an MPPT state under low-frequency disturbance;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a primary frequency modulation command distribution of a fan operating in a power limited state under low frequency disturbances;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of distribution of primary FM commands for operating an energy storage battery in a fully charged state under high frequency disturbances;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a distribution of primary FM commands for operating an energy storage battery in a non-fully charged state under high frequency disturbances;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a primary frequency modulation combined control of a fan;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the combination control of energy storage primary frequency modulation;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of energy storage battery SOC partition;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of an energy storage battery SOC partition control strategy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "connected" and "disposed" should be interpreted broadly, for example, the "connection" may be a wire connection or a mechanical connection; the 'placing' can be fixedly connected placing or integrally formed placing. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
An energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method is characterized in that an energy storage unit 1 is connected to a direct current bus of an AC/DC rectifier of a wind power generating set 3 in parallel through a DC/DC converter 2, and then fed into a power grid 6 through a DC/AC inverter 4 and a transformer 5, as shown in figure 1. In response to frequency fluctuation when disturbance occurs to a power grid, alternating current output by a wind power generator (PMSG) is rectified firstly through a double-PWM full-power converter, is inverted after being connected with an energy storage part in parallel, and is merged into the power grid through a booster station. Different from distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power, wind power and the like, the energy storage has bidirectional regulation performance of sending and absorbing electric energy, and has the advantages of high response speed, high control precision, no region limitation and strong switching flexibility, so that the system frequency change can be quickly responded, and the power grid frequency is supported.
The method comprises a wind turbine generator 3 and an energy storage unit 1, wherein the wind turbine generator 3 controls to transmit electric power to a power grid 6 and charge the energy storage unit 1 for supplementing electric energy through a fan controller 7, the power output of the wind turbine generator 3 has the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, and the range of the power output capacity of participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid is +/-6 percent PN. Wherein: the energy storage unit 1 is controlled by an energy storage controller 8 to participate in primary frequency modulation of a power grid, and when a primary frequency modulation requirement occurs in the power grid, the method firstly deals with a frequency deviation delta f occurring in the primary frequency modulation requirement to establish a frequency modulation power quantity delta P;
when Δ P > 0, two working cases are distinguished:
the first operating condition is: if P is1max-P10If the frequency is more than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased to perform primary frequency modulation of the power grid; and if P1max-P10If the frequency is less than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased, the energy storage unit discharges to jointly perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid, and the energy storage unit compensates the power shortage of the fan;
the second operating condition is: acquiring SOC data of the energy storage battery, and judging whether the current SOC state of the energy storage battery meets the condition that SOC is more than SOCminIf the frequency of the wind turbine generator is not satisfied, the wind turbine generator is used for compensating the shortage of the energy storage unit;
when the delta P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in a full-capacity state, the wind turbine generator is only operated to reduce power to perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid; when no frequency modulation is required, detecting the SOC data of the energy storage unit, and if the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state, and when P is the under-capacity state2max-P20> - [ Delta ] P-only primary frequency modulation of the power grid is performed by charging the energy storage unit (equivalent to shunting the power output of the wind turbine generator) under the condition that the output power of the wind turbine generator is not changed, and when P is reached2max-P20If delta P, performing primary frequency modulation on the power grid by charging the energy storage unit and reducing the power of the wind generating set, and compensating the shortage of the energy storage charging power by the wind generating set;
wherein:
P1maxthe adjustable power upper limit of the current wind turbine generator set is set;
P10outputting active power for the wind turbine generator at the beginning of frequency modulation;
P2maxcharging the current energy storage unit to an upper limit;
P20active power is provided for the energy storage unit;
△f＝fref-fmeas，frefrated for the grid at 50Hz, fmeasActual grid frequency;
PNthe rated power of the wind turbine generator is set;
taking delta% as a unit difference adjustment coefficient, and taking 0.05;
the SOC is the available capacity of the energy storage battery and is obtained by real-time monitoring;
SOCminthe regulated minimum capacity is satisfied for the energy storage battery.
Wherein: when Δ P > 0, of the first operating condition and the second operating condition, the second operating condition is selected first. When the delta P is larger than 0, the adjustable power upper limit of the front wind turbine generator is the maximum output power of the wind turbine generator in the MPPT mode of the fan by adjusting the pitch angle of the fan to change the rotating speed of an impeller of the fan.
And: when the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state, the output power of the wind turbine generator is promoted to charge the energy storage unit.
In order to prolong the service life of the energy storage battery: as shown in fig. 1, the energy storage unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of energy storage batteries 101 in parallel, each group of energy storage batteries has its own controller 102, and when Δ P > 0, in the second working condition, the acquiring of the SOC data of the energy storage batteries is performed for acquiring the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiThe data set of (2); during discharging, according to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiIs discharged from large to small in sequence. Further, when Δ P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state, and when P is less than 02max-P20When > - | Δ P |, the charging of the energy storage unit for primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows: obtaining SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiAccording to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiIs charged in order from small to large.
Wherein: each group of energy storage batteries is provided with two frequency modulation triggering instructions: respectively a discharging trigger instruction and a charging trigger instruction;
when delta P is larger than 0 in the frequency modulation discharging process, according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging permission of each group of energy storage batteries by the discharging triggering instruction, wherein in the discharging process, the group of energy storage batteries stop discharging after the discharging time reaches the time length of the discharging permission in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries;
when delta P is less than 0, the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging trigger instruction allowed to be charged of each group of energy storage batteries, and stopping charging the group of energy storage batteries when the charging time reaches the time length allowed to be charged in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries in the charging process.
The time length of the discharging trigger instruction and the time length of the charging trigger instruction of each energy storage battery are dependent on the SOCiIs varied linearly.
In order to realize rapid regulation, the time length of the allowable discharge is the discharge time length when the available capacity of the energy storage battery is reduced to 70% of the rated capacity; the time length of the allowable charging is the charging time length when the available capacity of the energy storage battery is increased to 90% of the rated capacity.
The above method is explained in more detail below in terms of the deployment of instructions, where the description of the size of an instruction refers to the amount of regulated power brought by the instruction.
The specific primary frequency modulation optimization control method comprises the following steps:
(1) and the whole station energy management platform (an upper layer controller) calculates a station primary frequency modulation power instruction according to the power grid frequency and the power-frequency characteristic.
(2) And the upper-layer controller distributes the frequency modulation power instruction to the energy storage controller 8 and the fan controller 7 according to an economic principle and an energy storage priority principle.
(3) The fan controller monitors the wind speed, the wind direction, the active power of the power grid and the states of all fans, and adjusts the rotating speed and the propeller pitch of the fans by combining a fan frequency modulation power instruction, so that the primary frequency modulation power requirement of the fans is met.
(4) The energy storage controller 8 controls the battery to charge and discharge according to the energy storage frequency modulation power instruction and the battery SOC state, and bidirectional energy transfer between the energy storage battery and the power grid is achieved, so that the wind turbine generator has the capability of actively participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid while tracking the maximum power.
(1) Calculating station primary frequency modulation power instruction
Because the wind turbine generator and the energy storage battery are connected with the power grid through power electronic devices such as an inverter and the like, the wind turbine generator and the energy storage battery do not contain rotating equipment and have no inertial response capability, as shown in fig. 2, the method is provided with an upper-layer controller which is independent of a fan and energy storage, namely an energy management platform of the whole wind power plant, and a droop control is introduced to calculate a frequency modulation power instruction P which needs to be output by the whole wind power plantref。
△f＝fref-fmeas
△P＝Kpf△f
P0＝P10+P20
Pref＝△P+P0
Where Δ f is the system frequency deviation, frefFor a nominal frequency of 50Hz, fmeasIs the actual grid frequency. Delta P is the amount of frequency modulated power at the corresponding frequency difference Deltaf, KpfIs the droop control coefficient. PrefIs a wind power station frequency modulation power instruction with the range of +/-6 percent PN，PNRated power, P, for the station10、P20Active power, P, of the fan and the stored energy, respectively, at the start of frequency modulation0Is the sum of the two.
(2) FM instruction distribution
The upper controller will be integratedStation frequency modulation power instruction PrefDistributing to energy storage and fans, as shown in fig. 3, according to the economic principle and the energy storage priority principle during distribution, when the grid frequency f is detectedmeasCrossing primary frequency modulation dead zone fdAnd the upper layer controller calculates the frequency modulation power quantity delta P. When Δ P > 0, i.e. the grid frequency fmeas< 49.963, two working cases are distinguished: firstly, if the wind turbine generator is in a power limiting state and the current wind turbine generator can adjust the power value P1maxP10 > Δ P, the primary frequency modulation is only performed by the fan power rise, wherein P1maxThe adjustable power upper limit of the current fan is set; otherwise, the fan power-up and the energy storage unit discharge to jointly participate in primary frequency modulation, and the energy storage compensates the power shortage of the fan; and secondly, if the wind turbine generator works in the MPPT state, only the energy storage unit discharges to participate in primary frequency modulation. When Δ P < 0, i.e. the grid frequency fmeas50.033, two working cases are also distinguished: firstly, if the energy storage unit is in a full-capacity state, the fan reduces power to operate and participate in primary frequency modulation; if the energy storage unit is in the under-capacity state and the maximum chargeable power P of the current energy storage unit2max-P20> - [ Delta ] P-is obtained by charging the stored energy only to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid, where P is2maxCharging the current energy storage unit to an upper limit; otherwise, the energy storage unit is charged and the fan is used for reducing power to participate in primary frequency modulation, and the fan is used for compensating the shortage of the energy storage charging power.
Further, FM power command PrefEnergy storage and a fan are distributed according to an economic principle and an energy storage priority principle and are subdivided into the following working conditions:
firstly, as shown in fig. 4, the fan works in the MPPT state under the low-frequency disturbance, that is, fmeas<fref-fd，△P>0，P10＝P1max. Firstly, whether the current SOC state of the energy storage battery meets the SOC needs to be judged>SOCminDoes not satisfy the discharge-free restriction of (1). If the SOC of the energy storage battery is less than or equal to the SOCminI.e. P20≤0，P2maxWhen the value is 0, then P1ref＝P10＝P1max，P2ref＝P2maxThe frequency modulation capability of the whole wind power station is not available; if the energy storage battery SOC>SOCminI.e. P2max>0, in two cases: if P2max<P20+. DELTA P, then P1ref＝P10＝P1max，P2ref＝P2maxThe energy storage regulation only participates in the frequency modulation of the power grid, but the frequency modulation effect does not reach the standard, and the frequency modulation shortage Plack＝P20+△P-P2max(ii) a If P2max≥P20+. DELTA P, then P1ref＝P10＝P1max，P2ref＝P20And the energy storage controller regulates the battery to be charged less or discharged less. And when the frequency of the power grid does not reach the new stable state, the energy storage battery continuously discharges until the frequency reaches the new stable state, and the frequency modulation is finished.
② as shown in figure 5, the fan works in the power limiting state under the low frequency disturbance, i.e. fmeas<fref-fd，△P>0，P10<P1max. Firstly, whether the adjustable power upper limit of the current fan can meet the requirement of frequency modulation needs to be judged, and the fan is preferentially adjusted according to the economic principle. If the fan can adjust the power value P1max-P10Not less than Δ P, then P1ref＝Pref＝P10+△P，P2ref＝P20And the wind turbine is only adjusted by the wind turbine to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid. If P1max-P10<Delta P, whether the current SOC state of the energy storage battery meets the SOC needs to be judged>SOCminDoes not satisfy the discharge-free restriction of (1). If P1max-P10<Delta P and the SOC of the energy storage battery is less than or equal to the SOCminI.e. P20≤0，P2maxWhen P is 01ref＝P1max<Pref，P2ref＝P2maxWhen the frequency modulation is equal to 0, the fan is only used for regulating and participating in the frequency modulation of the power grid, but the frequency modulation effect does not reach the standard, and the frequency modulation shortage Plack＝P10+△P-P1max(ii) a If P1max-P10<Delta P and energy storage battery SOC>SOCminI.e. P2max>0, in two cases: if P2max<P20+△P-(P1max-P10) Then P is1ref＝P1max，P2ref＝P2maxBy a blowerJointly regulating with stored energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid, wherein the frequency modulation effect does not reach the standard, and the frequency modulation shortage Plack＝Pref-P1max-P2max(ii) a If P2max≥P20+△P-(P1max-P10) Then P is1ref＝P1max，P2ref＝Pref-P1ref＝Pref-P1maxThe shortage of frequency modulation of the fan is made up by the charging or discharging of the energy storage battery, and the fan and the energy storage are jointly adjusted to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid. And when the frequency of the power grid does not reach the new stable state, the fan continuously increases the power, the energy storage battery continuously discharges, and the frequency modulation is finished until the frequency reaches the new stable state.
③ As shown in FIG. 6, the energy storage battery works in a fully charged state under high frequency disturbance, i.e. fmeas>fref+fd，△P>0，SOC≥SOCmax，P20≥0，P 2min0, whether the adjustable power lower limit of the current fan can meet the frequency modulation requirement needs to be judged, and two conditions are divided: if P1min>P10+. DELTA P, then P1ref＝P1min，P2ref＝P2minWhen the frequency modulation is equal to 0, the fan is only used for load shedding operation to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid, but the frequency modulation effect does not reach the standard, and the frequency modulation shortage Plack＝P10+△P-P1min(ii) a If P1min≤P10+. DELTA P, then P1ref＝P10+△P，P2ref＝P2minAnd (5) when the frequency modulation is 0, the fan is only used for load shedding operation to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid. And when the frequency of the power grid does not reach the new stable state, the fan continuously carries out load shedding operation until the frequency reaches the new stable state, and the frequency modulation is finished.
Fourthly, as shown in FIG. 7, the energy storage battery works in a non-fully charged state under high-frequency disturbance, namely fmeas>fref+fd，△P>0，SOC<SOCmax，P2min<And 0, firstly, judging whether the lower adjustable power limit of the current energy storage battery can meet the frequency modulation requirement, and preferentially participating in adjustment by the energy storage battery according to an energy storage priority principle. If P2min≤P20+. DELTA P, then P1ref＝P10，P2ref＝P20Regulating ginseng only by stored energyAnd modulating frequency with the power grid. If P2min>P20+. Δ P, in two cases: if P1min>P10+△P-(P2min-P20) Then P is1ref＝P1min，P2ref＝P2minThe fan and the energy storage are jointly adjusted to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid, but the frequency modulation effect does not reach the standard, and the frequency modulation shortage Plack＝Pref-P1min-P2min(ii) a If P1min≤P10+△P-(P2min-P20) Then P is1ref＝Pref-P2ref＝Pref-P2min，P2ref＝P2minThe fan is used for reducing the load to make up the shortage of energy storage frequency modulation, and the fan and the energy storage are jointly adjusted to participate in the power grid frequency modulation. And when the frequency of the power grid does not reach the new stable state, continuously reducing the load of the fan and continuously charging the energy storage battery until the frequency reaches the new stable state, and ending the frequency modulation.
(3) Fan participated primary frequency modulation
The upper layer controller (the whole station energy management platform) sends a frequency modulation power instruction PrefDistributing the power to the fan and the stored energy according to an economic principle and an energy storage priority principle to form a fan frequency modulation power instruction P1refAnd the stored energy frequency modulation power instruction P2refThe fan and the energy storage controller add a virtual inertia control strategy according to respective frequency modulation instructions, and control the fan to adjust output and charge and discharge of the energy storage battery by combining the self state, so that the primary frequency modulation requirement of the whole station is met.
An energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation optimization control method is shown in fig. 8, and a wind motor controller in the method adopts three methods of virtual inertia control, overspeed control and pitch angle control for combined control.
The virtual inertia control of the fan simulates the inertia response of a conventional synchronous generator set to the frequency change of a power grid, and the rapid increase and decrease of the rotational kinetic energy of the fan are realized by adding a frequency change rate control loop in a control system of the machine-tested converter, so that the output power response primary frequency modulation is changed. When the frequency of the power grid changes, the additional power output by the virtual inertia control is as follows:
in the formula K1dfIs the fan inertia coefficient.
In order to enable the fan to have primary frequency modulation capacity similar to that of a conventional thermal power generating unit, the problem of secondary falling/rising in the frequency recovery process can be caused only by virtual inertia control, the method adopts overspeed control and pitch angle control to determine the reserve power and capacity requirement of primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed, and enables the fan to track a suboptimal power curve and reserve a part of active power.
P1p(v)＝P1ref-P1d
E1p(v)＝P1p(v)Ts
In the formula, P1p(v) Is the primary frequency modulation power demand of the fan at the wind speed v, E1p(v) Is the primary frequency modulation capacity requirement, T, of the fan at the wind speed vsTime intervals are taken for the wind speed.
The fan tracks the optimal power curve, and the optimal power of the fan in the MPPT mode is as follows:
wherein w is the rotating speed of the fan impeller, beta is the pitch angle, rho is the air density, A is the swept area of the fan impeller, R is the radius of the fan impeller, lambda is the wind power tip speed ratio, CpIs the wind energy utilization coefficient, which is a function of w and β. w is a0And beta0Respectively the rotating speed and the pitch angle P when the MPPT of the fan operates1(v) Fan deloading operation at wind speed vAnd outputting the power.
According to the calculation formula of the fan power, under the condition that the wind speed v is constant, different rotating speeds w and different pitch angles beta of the fan correspond to different CpAnd thus to different power outputs. The fan is controlled to change an operation curve through adjusting the rotating speed w and the pitch angle beta, so that the load shedding operation is realized, and the primary frequency modulation power requirement of the fan at the wind speed v is met.
The frequency modulation power and capacity provided by the fan through overspeed control change rotating speed w are as follows:
P1p1(v)＝Popt(v)-P1(v,w)
E1p1(v)＝P1p1(v)Ts
in the formula, P1(v, w) is the wind speed v, the fan deloading operation output power at the rotating speed w, P1p1(v)、E1p1(v) Respectively the fan standby power and capacity at the wind speed v and the rotating speed w.
The frequency modulation power and capacity provided by the fan through the pitch control and the pitch beta are as follows:
P1p2(v)＝Popt(v)-P1(v,β)
E1p2(v)＝P1p2(v)Ts
in the formula, P1(v, beta) is the wind speed v, the power output of the fan in the deloading operation at the pitch beta, P1p2(v)、E1p2(v) The wind speed v and the fan standby power and capacity at the pitch beta are respectively.
If the following conditions are met:
P1p(v)＝P1p1(v)+P1p2(v)
E1p(v)＝E1p1(v)+E1p2(v)
the fan meets the frequency modulation requirement by adjusting the reserved reserve power and capacity of the rotating speed w and the pitch angle beta.
(4) Energy storage participated primary frequency modulation
The wind power station provides primary frequency modulation reserve capacity through the load shedding operation of the fan, but causes the phenomenon of wind abandonment, reduces the power generation benefit of the station, and has higher frequency modulation cost. For a wind power station matched with an energy storage system, the energy storage is utilized to provide frequency modulation standby capacity, the response performance of primary frequency modulation is improved, and the phenomenon of wind abandon is reduced.
In order to prolong the service life of the energy storage battery, as shown in fig. 9, the energy storage controller in the method adopts virtual inertia control and SOC partition control.
The energy storage virtual inertia control principle is similar to that of the wind turbine virtual inertia control principle, and when the frequency of a power grid changes, the additional power output by the virtual inertia control is as follows:
in the formula K2dfAnd the inertia coefficient of the energy storage battery.
The primary frequency modulation power instruction of the energy storage battery is as follows:
in the formula, P2iAnd distributing frequency modulation instructions for each energy storage battery, wherein n is the number of the energy storage units.
The SOC state of the energy storage battery is not considered in the traditional energy storage control strategy, when the frequency of a power grid changes and the frequency modulation power instruction is not 0, all the energy storage batteries can respond, the energy storage battery with higher or lower SOC is easy to overcharge and overdischarge, and the service life of the energy storage battery is shortened. Therefore, the SOC partition control strategy is proposed by considering the SOC state of each current energy storage battery.
As shown in fig. 10, the energy storage battery is divided into five sections according to the SOC of the energy storage battery, and the five sections are a discharge area, a discharge priority area and a normal charge area from top to bottom in sequenceDischarge zone, charge priority zone, charge zone, SOCmax、SOCminRespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the SOC of the energy storage battery, the SOCh and the SOCl respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of a normal charging and discharging interval, and the SOC intervals of a discharging area and a discharging priority area are marked as the SOChighAnd the SOC interval between the charging priority zone and the charging zone is recorded as SOClow。
Setting two frequency modulation triggering instructions for each energy storage battery i: discharge trigger command Pdis and charge trigger command PchaIn the formula 0<Pdis≤Pmax，Pmin≤Pcha<0，Pmax、PminRespectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the energy storage battery frequency modulation instruction. Discharging trigger instruction Pdis and charging trigger instruction P of each energy storage battery ichaWill vary linearly with the difference in SOC, the closer the SOC is to the SOCmaxOr SOCmin，PdisThe larger, PchaThe smaller the SOC of the energy storage battery is, the closer the SOC is to the upper limit and the lower limit, the higher the charging and discharging threshold is, and therefore the service life of the battery is prolonged while the primary frequency modulation requirement is met.
As shown in FIG. 11, during discharge, i.e., P2i>0, if SOC belongs to SOChighOnly when the frequency modulation command of the energy storage battery i is larger than the discharge trigger command, namely P2i>PdisThe energy storage battery can discharge, otherwise, the energy storage battery does not act; if it is
The energy storage battery directly discharges to participate in frequency modulation.
During charging, i.e. P2i<0, if SOC belongs to SOClowOnly when the frequency modulation command of the energy storage battery i is smaller than the charging trigger command, namely P2i<PchaThe energy storage battery is charged, otherwise, the energy storage battery does not act; if it is
The energy storage battery is directly charged to participate in frequency modulation.
Claims (9)
1. The optimal control method for energy storage and wind power combined primary frequency modulation comprises a wind turbine generator and an energy storage unit, wherein the wind turbine generator is controlled by a controller to transmit power to a power grid and charge the energy storage unit for supplementing electric energy, and the power output of the wind turbine generator has the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid;
when Δ P > 0, two working cases are distinguished:
the first operating condition is: if P is1max-P10If the frequency is more than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased to perform primary frequency modulation of the power grid; and if P1max-P10If the frequency is less than delta P, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased, the energy storage unit discharges to jointly perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid, and the energy storage unit compensates the power shortage of the fan;
the second operating condition is: acquiring SOC data of the energy storage battery, and judging whether the current SOC state of the energy storage battery meets the condition that SOC is more than SOCminIf the frequency of the wind turbine generator is not satisfied, the wind turbine generator is used for compensating the shortage of the energy storage unit;
when the delta P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in a full-capacity state, the wind turbine generator is only operated to reduce power to perform primary frequency modulation on the power grid; if the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state and when P is2max-P20> - [ Delta ] P-is obtained by performing primary frequency modulation on the power grid only by charging the energy storage unit when P is equal to2max-P20If delta P, performing primary frequency modulation on the power grid by charging the energy storage unit and reducing the power of the wind generating set, and compensating the shortage of the energy storage charging power by the wind generating set;
wherein:
P1maxthe adjustable power upper limit of the current wind turbine generator set is set;
P10outputting active power for the wind turbine generator at the beginning of frequency modulation;
P2maxcharging the current energy storage unit to an upper limit;
P20active power is provided for the energy storage unit;
△f＝fref-fmeas，frefrated for the grid at 50Hz, fmeasActual grid frequency;
PNthe rated power of the wind turbine generator is set;
delta% is the unit difference adjustment coefficient;
the SOC is the available capacity of the energy storage battery and is obtained by real-time monitoring;
SOCminthe regulated minimum capacity is satisfied for the energy storage battery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second operating condition is selected first between the first operating condition and the second operating condition when Δ P > 0.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the range of power output capabilities participating in grid primary frequency modulation is ± 6% PN。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the front wind turbine adjustable upper power limit is the maximum output power of the wind turbine in the MPPT mode of the fan by adjusting the pitch angle of the fan to change the rotational speed of the fan impeller when Δ P > 0.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the SOC data of the energy storage unit is detected when there is no frequency modulation demand, and when the energy storage unit is in an under capacity state, the output power of the wind turbine generator is increased to charge the energy storage unit.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy storage unit is comprised ofMultiple groups of energy storage batteries are connected in parallel, each group of energy storage batteries is provided with a controller, and when delta P is larger than 0, in the second working condition, the SOC data of the energy storage batteries is obtained by obtaining the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiThe data set of (2); during discharging, according to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiSequentially discharging from large to small;
when delta P is less than 0, if the energy storage unit is in an under capacity state, and when P is less than 02max-P20When > - | Δ P |, the charging of the energy storage unit for primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows: obtaining the available capacity SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiAccording to the SOC of each group of energy storage batteriesiIs charged in order from small to large.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein each group of energy storage batteries is provided with two FM trigger commands: respectively a discharging trigger instruction and a charging trigger instruction;
when delta P is larger than 0 in the frequency modulation discharging process, according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging permission of each group of energy storage batteries by the discharging triggering instruction, wherein in the discharging process, the group of energy storage batteries stop discharging after the discharging time reaches the time length of the discharging permission in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries;
when delta P is less than 0, the energy storage unit is in an under-capacity state according to the SOC of the energy storage batteryiDetermining the time length of the discharging trigger instruction allowed to be charged of each group of energy storage batteries, and stopping charging the group of energy storage batteries when the charging time reaches the time length allowed to be charged in the frequency modulation process of the energy storage batteries in the charging process.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the length of time of the discharge trigger command and the length of time of the charge trigger command for each energy storage cell is a function of SOCiIs varied linearly.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the permitted discharge time period is a discharge time period when the available capacity of the energy storage battery falls to 70% of the rated capacity; the time length of the allowable charging is the charging time length when the available capacity of the energy storage battery is increased to 90% of the rated capacity.
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