CN114034774A - Rapid scanning and flaw detection method for house structure - Google Patents
Rapid scanning and flaw detection method for house structure Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/346—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with amplitude characteristics, e.g. modulated signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
Abstract
The invention discloses a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method, which adopts the steps of pretreatment work, instrument and equipment inspection work, dimension measurement and drawing, wall body external detection, wall body rapid scanning, crack scanning detection, metal flaw detection, one-time retest, final retest, on-site retest and recording, facilitates the timely recording and later-period detection retest during the operation of the dimension measurement and drawing work, avoids omission, improves the working efficiency, sequentially detects the levelness of the wall body and some external attributes of hollowing, uniformly divides points and takes lines for sequential measurement, judges the concrete strength of the wall body, detects cracks and effectively detects metal damage, thereby realizing more precise, rapid and comprehensive detection and effective detection work, and improving the house detection effect through one-time retest and final retest multiple data retest, the reliability of the identification result of the building is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of house structure detection, in particular to a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method.
Background
The house in service is damaged or destroyed by human factors such as earthquake, typhoon natural disasters, fire disasters, explosions and the like, so the house generally needs to be detected after being built or in use, and some wall quality and internal flaw detection and the like are scanned. The house detection is a process of detecting, evaluating and reporting the quality of a house by a qualified detection unit, and the related detection technology comprises the following steps: the house detection technology, the structure reinforcing technology, the engineering detection monitoring technology, the house detection upstream and downstream technologies such as the national approved laboratory and the like are integrated together, and the comprehensive technology of house detection can be called as the comprehensive technology of house detection.
The existing house scanning flaw detection in house detection is that related personnel directly use an instrument for detecting wall cracks and an instrument for detecting metal defects to directly and roughly measure a house structure, the scanning flaw detection mode is simple, the house detection effect is not good enough, and the later-stage building identification result is lack of reliability.
To solve the above problems. Therefore, a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method is provided.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method, which tests and knows the attribute and damage condition of the wall body inside a house through preprocessing work, instrument and equipment inspection work, dimension measurement and drawing, wall body external detection, wall body rapid scanning, crack scanning detection, metal flaw detection, one-time retest, final retest, on-site retest and record, carries out fine, rapid and multidirectional detection and flaw detection on the wall body structure of the house, effectively carries out detection and repeated data retest, improves the house detection effect, and solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing, namely selecting a plurality of main walls in the house as target walls to be detected, and removing dust and residual wall white and grey impurities which influence the measured values of the wall;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) checking the instrument and equipment, wherein the instrument to be used is powered on and powered off respectively, the brightness and the reaction condition of a display screen are observed, a horizontal ruler is arranged on one surface, whether a level bubble in the middle of the horizontal ruler is in a correct position or not is observed, and whether the protective clothing for flaw detection is damaged or not is checked;
s3: measuring and drawing the dimension, namely drawing sketches of a plurality of target walls in the house on recording paper by using a pen, sequentially measuring the dimension of each wall by using a measuring tape and a surveying and mapping instrument, and marking the dimension on the sketches;
s4: the wall body external detection, with the vertical target wall body that is close to of horizon bar, the air level is in the exact scope, the wall body horizontality is normal, circulate this operation and measure each target wall body in proper order, detect the phenomenon that the wall body has or not inclined, the air level surpasss the exact scope, the phenomenon of inclining appears in the wall body, mark first mark on the sketch, then handheld hollowing detection utensil beats the position of each wall at random, confirms the number of getting by following formula: n = S/2;
in the formula, n is the random point-taking number of the wall surface, S is the area of the wall body, and after hollowing detection is carried out on each target wall body in sequence, a marking pen is used for carrying out circle-drawing marking on the position of the wall body where hollowing occurs;
s5: the wall body fast scan, relevant personnel carry out the test work of detecting a flaw of degree of depth after will protecting the clothes and dress, select the sample area point of target wall body, evenly get the point with 0.8m as the interval, decide by the following formula and get a point number: x = L/0.8;
the method comprises the following steps that x is the number of points, L is the length of a wall body, a straight line is selected on the wall surface, the straight line is equally divided into x points, the strength condition of the concrete at each x point is rapidly scanned and tested through equipment for testing the strength of the concrete, a heavy hammer with standard quality impacts an elastic striking rod which is in contact with the surface of the concrete under the action of standard spring force, the heavy hammer can jump to the opposite distance and simultaneously drive a pointer, a rebound value (N) is marked on corresponding scales, the hardness of the concrete at the point is directly reflected, the operation is circulated to test the hardness of each target wall body, and meanwhile, a second mark is marked on a rough sketch for the wall body point with weaker strength of the concrete;
s6: scanning and detecting cracks, wherein after the detection in the step S5, two straight lines are randomly selected on each target wall, the straight lines extend along the length of the wall, related personnel sequentially and sequentially scan the selected straight lines of each wall through a crack testing instrument, vibration energy is transmitted by equipment to be transmitted in concrete, when the vibration energy penetrates through cracks, the vibration energy is diffracted at the end points of the cracks, the diffraction angle and the depth of the cracks have a geometric relation, high-precision depth measurement of the cracks is realized according to the geometric relation between the diffraction angle and the depth, signals are transmitted to a host through a color microscopic amplification probe and an ultrasonic testing probe, the detection numerical value of the width or the depth of the cracks can be directly read from a liquid crystal screen of the host, the cracks to be recorded can also be photographed, a computer is connected for further archiving, and repeated operation is carried out on crack detection on each target wall, completing rapid measurement of house wall cracks, and then marking a third mark on a rough drawing for a larger crack;
s7: metal flaw detection, namely scanning the selected straight line in the step S5 along a straight line by using flaw detection equipment, transmitting ultrasonic waves to penetrate into the deep part of the metal material, detecting the defects of metal such as internal steel bars and the like by using the characteristic that the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the edge of an interface when entering another section from the section, respectively generating reflected waves when the ultrasonic beams pass from the surface to the inside of the metal and meet the defects and the bottom surface of the metal, forming pulse waveforms on a fluorescent screen, judging the positions and the sizes of the defects according to the pulse waveforms, detecting the defect conditions of the metal parts such as the steel bar frame and the like in each wall body, repeatedly operating to detect cracks of each target wall body, and marking fourth marks on a sketch strictly marking the metal damage after scanning detection;
s8: performing one-time retest, wherein a worker sequentially and rapidly tests a second mark, a third mark and a fourth mark on the sketch, and after finishing the arrangement, drawing thick points which are confirmed to be wall damage by using a pencil as marks;
s9: finally, retesting, the staff rapidly scans and detects the flaw detection again for the rough drawing marks on the sketch of the step S8 in sequence, and after a result is obtained, the final problem point is hooked by a pencil;
s10: and (4) on-site review and recording, knocking the ring marked on the wall body in the step S4 by the related staff through the hollowing appliance again, confirming the final hollowing condition of the wall body, making a fifth mark on the sketch through a pencil, and finally photographing and retaining some large damage points of the house structure through the camera.
Preferably, the protective clothing is radiation-proof working clothing, the protective clothing is a clothing-cap integrated type, and the protective clothing protects the body health of related workers.
Preferably, in step S4, the number of times of the test of randomly hitting each wall surface is 5 to 8, and the hollowing on the wall surface is detected to determine the wall cavity condition.
Preferably, the scanning detection time in the step S5 is 10-20min, the scanning detection time in the step S6 is 30-50min, and the scanning detection time in the step S7 is 40-60min, and the concrete strength detection, crack detection and metal flaw detection are sequentially performed on the target wall.
Preferably, the time of one retest in the step S8 is 30-35min, the time of the final retest in the step S9 is 20-25min, and the accuracy of the failure point of the house wall can be improved through one retest and the final retest.
Preferably, the surveying instrument is a folding surveying instrument, the camera is a high-definition camera, and the high-strength camera is adopted to enable the photographing to be clearer and more reliable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the scheme is characterized in that through pretreatment work, instrument and equipment inspection work, dimension measurement and drawing, wall external detection, wall fast scanning, crack scanning detection, metal flaw detection, one-time retest, final retest and field retest and recording, the dimension measurement and drawing work is convenient for timely recording and later-period detection retest during work, omission is avoided, the work efficiency is improved, levelness of the wall and some external attributes of hollowing are detected in sequence, uniform point division and line taking are sequentially measured, a spring rod can be subjected to the elastic action of the wall, a heavy hammer can jump to an opposite distance to drive a pointer to mark a rebound value on a corresponding scale of the equipment, the concrete strength of the wall is judged, vibration energy is transmitted in concrete, when the vibration energy passes through cracks, the vibration energy is diffracted at crack endpoints to detect the cracks, and reflected waves are generated by ultrasonic detection of metal defects, the method has the advantages that metal damage is detected, so that flaw detection is more precise, rapid and comprehensive, detection work is effectively carried out, and through one-time retest and final retest of multiple data, the house detection effect is improved through the whole steps, and the reliability of the identification result of the building is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the novel concept, are within the scope of the novel concept of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for rapidly scanning and detecting a flaw of a building structure includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing, namely selecting a plurality of main walls in the house as target walls to be detected, and removing dust and residual wall white and grey impurities which influence the measured values of the wall;
step two: the method comprises the following steps of (1) checking the instruments, namely powering on and powering off the instruments to be used respectively, observing the brightness and the reaction condition of a display screen, arranging a horizontal ruler on one surface, observing whether a leveling bubble in the middle of the horizontal ruler is in a correct position, and checking whether a protective garment for flaw detection is damaged, wherein the protective garment is a radiation-proof working garment and is a garment-cap integrated garment;
step three: measuring and drawing the dimension, namely drawing sketches of a plurality of target walls in the house on recording paper by using a pen, sequentially measuring the dimension of each wall by using a measuring tape and a surveying and mapping instrument, and marking the dimension on the sketches;
step four: the wall body external detection, with the vertical target wall body that is close to of horizon bar, the air level is in the exact scope, the wall body horizontality is normal, circulate this operation and measure each target wall body in proper order, detect the phenomenon that the wall body has or not inclined, the air level surpasss the exact scope, the phenomenon of inclining appears in the wall body, mark first mark on the sketch, then handheld hollowing detection utensil beats the position of each wall at random, confirms the number of getting by following formula: n = S/2;
in the formula, n is the number of randomly selected points of the wall surface, S is the area of the wall body, after hollowing detection is sequentially carried out on each target wall body, a marking pen is used for marking circles at the positions of the wall bodies where hollowing occurs, the number of times of testing each area of the wall surface is knocked is 5-8 times, and the hollowing detection device is a hollowing hammer;
step five: the wall body fast scan, relevant personnel carry out the test work of detecting a flaw of degree of depth after will protecting the clothes and dress, select the sample area point of target wall body, evenly get the point with 0.8m as the interval, decide by the following formula and get a point number: x = L/0.8;
in the formula, x is the number of points, L is the length of the wall body, a straight line is selected on the wall surface, the straight line is equally divided into x points, the concrete strength condition of each x point is rapidly scanned and tested through equipment for testing the concrete strength, a heavy hammer with standard quality impacts an elastic striking rod which is in contact with the surface of the concrete under the action of standard spring force, the heavy hammer can jump to an opposite distance and simultaneously drive a pointer, a rebound value (N) is marked on a corresponding scale to directly reflect the hardness of the concrete at the point, the operation is circulated to test the hardness of each target wall body, meanwhile, a second mark is marked on a sketch for the wall body point with weaker concrete strength, an instrument for testing the concrete strength is used as a concrete strength detector, and the scanning detection time in the fifth step is 10-20 min;
step six: scanning and detecting cracks, namely after the five detection steps, randomly selecting two straight lines on each target wall, wherein the straight lines extend along the length of the wall, related personnel sequentially and sequentially scan the selected straight lines of each wall through a crack testing instrument, vibration energy is transmitted by equipment to be transmitted in concrete, when the vibration energy passes through cracks, the vibration energy is diffracted at the endpoint of the cracks, the diffraction angle and the depth of the cracks have a geometric relation, high-precision depth measurement of the cracks is realized according to the geometric relation of the diffraction angle and the depth, signals are transmitted to a host through a color microscopic amplification probe and an ultrasonic testing probe, the detection numerical value of the width or the depth of the cracks can be directly read from a liquid crystal screen of the host, the cracks to be recorded can also be photographed, a computer is connected, further archiving is carried out, and the repeated operation is carried out on each target wall to detect the cracks, completing rapid measurement of house wall cracks, then marking a third mark on a rough drawing for a larger crack, wherein an instrument for crack detection is a comprehensive crack tester, and the scanning detection time in the sixth step is 30-50 min;
step seven: performing metal flaw detection, namely scanning along a straight line by using flaw detection equipment according to the selected straight line in the step six, transmitting ultrasonic waves to penetrate into the deep part of a metal material, and detecting the defects of metals such as internal steel bars when the ultrasonic beams enter the metal from one section and enter the other section from the interface edge, wherein when the ultrasonic beams are transmitted from the surface to the inside of the metal by a probe, reflected waves are respectively generated when the ultrasonic beams meet the defects and the bottom surface of the metal, pulse waveforms are formed on a fluorescent screen, the positions and the sizes of the defects are judged according to the pulse waveforms, the defect conditions of metal parts such as steel bar frames and the like in each wall are detected, crack detection is performed on each target wall by repeated operation, after scanning detection, the metal damage is strictly marked with a fourth key mark on a sketch, a metal flaw detector is an ultrasonic flaw detector, and the scanning detection time in the step seven is 40-60 min;
step eight: performing one-time retest, wherein a worker sequentially and rapidly tests a second mark, a third mark and a fourth mark on the sketch, and after finishing the arrangement, points confirmed to be wall damage are marked with thick pencils to serve as marks, and the one-time retest time is 30-35 min;
step nine: finally, retesting, namely, rapidly scanning, detecting and detecting the flaw of the rough drawing mark on the sketch of the step S8 again by a worker in sequence, and after a result is obtained, hooking the final problem point by a pencil, wherein the final retesting time is 20-25 min;
step ten: and (4) on-site review and recording, knocking the ring marked on the wall body in the step S4 by the related staff again through the hollowing appliance, confirming the final hollowing condition of the wall body, marking a fifth mark on a sketch through a pencil, and finally photographing and reserving some large damage points of the house structure through the camera, wherein the surveying instrument is a folding surveying instrument, and the camera is a high-definition camera.
In summary, the following steps: the invention relates to a house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method, which comprises the steps of preprocessing, instrument and equipment inspection, dimension measurement and drawing, wall external detection, wall rapid scanning, crack scanning detection, metal flaw detection, one-time retest, final retest and on-site retest and recording, wherein the protective clothing can protect the health of workers in the scanning and flaw detection work and avoid the injury caused by long-term instrument radiation, the dimension measurement and drawing work is convenient for timely recording of certain dimensions and marks in the work, meanwhile, the later-stage detection and retest are convenient, the missing phenomenon is avoided, the levelness and certain external attributes of a hollow drum of a wall are detected, points are evenly divided and the lines are sequentially measured, a bouncing rod can be subjected to the action of wall elasticity, a heavy hammer can jump to an opposite distance to drive a pointer to mark a rebound value on a scale corresponding to the equipment, and the concrete strength of the wall is judged, the vibration energy is utilized to propagate in the concrete and generate diffraction at the end point of the crack to detect the crack when the crack penetrates through the crack, the ultrasonic wave detects the metal defect and generates a reflected wave to detect the metal damage, so that the detection is more precise, rapid and comprehensive, the detection work is effectively carried out, and the overall step improves the house detection effect, the reliability of the identification result of the building and the reliability of the identification result of the building through one-time retest and final retest of multiple data.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although the novel embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method is characterized in that: the house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing, namely selecting a plurality of main walls in the house as target walls to be detected, and removing dust and residual wall white and grey impurities which influence the measured values of the wall;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) checking the instrument and equipment, wherein the instrument to be used is powered on and powered off respectively, the brightness and the reaction condition of a display screen are observed, a horizontal ruler is arranged on one surface, whether a level bubble in the middle of the horizontal ruler is in a correct position or not is observed, and whether the protective clothing for flaw detection is damaged or not is checked;
s3: measuring and drawing the dimension, namely drawing sketches of a plurality of target walls in the house on recording paper by using a pen, sequentially measuring the dimension of each wall by using a measuring tape and a surveying and mapping instrument, and marking the dimension on the sketches;
s4: the wall body external detection, with the vertical target wall body that is close to of horizon bar, the air level is in the exact scope, the wall body horizontality is normal, circulate this operation and measure each target wall body in proper order, detect the phenomenon that the wall body has or not inclined, the air level surpasss the exact scope, the phenomenon of inclining appears in the wall body, mark first mark on the sketch, then handheld hollowing detection utensil beats the position of each wall at random, confirms the number of getting by following formula: n = S/2;
in the formula, n is the random point-taking number of the wall surface, S is the area of the wall body, and after hollowing detection is carried out on each target wall body in sequence, a marking pen is used for carrying out circle-drawing marking on the position of the wall body where hollowing occurs;
s5: the wall body fast scan, relevant personnel carry out the test work of detecting a flaw of degree of depth after will protecting the clothes and dress, select the sample area point of target wall body, evenly get the point with 0.8m as the interval, decide by the following formula and get a point number: x = L/0.8;
the method comprises the following steps that x is the number of points, L is the length of a wall body, a straight line is selected on the wall surface, the straight line is equally divided into x points, the strength condition of the concrete at each x point is rapidly scanned and tested through equipment for testing the strength of the concrete, a heavy hammer with standard quality impacts an elastic striking rod which is in contact with the surface of the concrete under the action of standard spring force, the heavy hammer can jump to the opposite distance and simultaneously drive a pointer, a rebound value (N) is marked on corresponding scales, the hardness of the concrete at the point is directly reflected, the operation is circulated to test the hardness of each target wall body, and meanwhile, a second mark is marked on a rough sketch for the wall body point with weaker strength of the concrete;
s6: scanning and detecting cracks, wherein after the detection in the step S5, two straight lines are randomly selected on each target wall, the straight lines extend along the length of the wall, related personnel sequentially and sequentially scan the selected straight lines of each wall through a crack testing instrument, vibration energy is transmitted by equipment to be transmitted in concrete, when the vibration energy penetrates through cracks, the vibration energy is diffracted at the end points of the cracks, the diffraction angle and the depth of the cracks have a geometric relation, high-precision depth measurement of the cracks is realized according to the geometric relation between the diffraction angle and the depth, signals are transmitted to a host through a color microscopic amplification probe and an ultrasonic testing probe, the detection numerical value of the width or the depth of the cracks can be directly read from a liquid crystal screen of the host, the cracks to be recorded can also be photographed, a computer is connected for further archiving, and repeated operation is carried out on crack detection on each target wall, completing rapid measurement of house wall cracks, and then marking the cracks on a sketch with a third mark;
s7: metal flaw detection, namely scanning the selected straight line in the step S5 along a straight line by using flaw detection equipment, transmitting ultrasonic waves to penetrate into the deep part of the metal material, and detecting the defects of the internal steel bars by using the characteristic that the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the edge of an interface when entering another section from the section, wherein when the ultrasonic beams are transmitted from the surface to the inside of the metal by a probe, reflected waves are respectively generated when the ultrasonic beams meet the defects and the bottom surface of the metal, pulse waveforms are formed on a fluorescent screen, the positions and the sizes of the defects are judged according to the pulse waveforms, the defect conditions of the steel bar frame and other metal parts inside each wall body are detected, the operation is repeated to detect cracks of each target wall body, and after the scanning detection, the metal damage is strictly marked with a fourth mark on a sketch;
s8: performing one-time retest, wherein a worker sequentially and rapidly tests a second mark, a third mark and a fourth mark on the sketch, and after finishing the arrangement, drawing thick points which are confirmed to be wall damage by using a pencil as marks;
s9: finally, retesting, the staff rapidly scans and detects the flaw detection again for the rough drawing marks on the sketch of the step S8 in sequence, and after a result is obtained, the final problem point is hooked by a pencil;
s10: and (4) on-site review and recording, knocking the ring marked on the wall body in the step S4 by the related staff through the hollowing appliance again, confirming the final hollowing condition of the wall body, making a fifth mark on the sketch through a pencil, and finally photographing and storing the large damage point of the house structure through the camera.
2. The house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the protective clothing is radiation-proof working clothing, and the protective clothing is a clothing-cap integrated type.
3. The house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, the number of times of randomly hitting each wall surface test is 5 to 8.
4. The house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time of scanning detection in the step S5 is 10-20min, the time of scanning detection in the step S6 is 30-50min, and the time of scanning detection in the step S7 is 40-60 min.
5. The house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time of one retest in the step S8 is 30-35min, and the time of the final retest in the step S9 is 20-25 min.
6. The house structure rapid scanning and flaw detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surveying instrument is a folding surveying instrument, and the camera is a high-definition camera.
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