CN109781561A - Application method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification - Google Patents
Application method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the application methods based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, scan house integral structure including the use of the three-dimensional laser scanner being located on website, generate three dimensional point cloud；The specific buildings component in monolithic architecture object is extracted as detection unit, determines the concrete strength of detection unit；The opposite differential settlement trend and its integral inclined situation of building of in-site measurement building；Scene detect and investigate and analyse the working load of building to building degree of impairment；By live core pulling position mark in point cloud data, and PKPM computation model is established according to structural plan figure and carries out check analysis.The precision of measurement is greatly improved in the present invention, has and develops efficiency, improves quality, the main feature of electronic archive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Structural Identification technical fields, more particularly to a kind of three-dimensional laser scanning technique that is based on is in structure
Application method in identification.
Background technique
In Structural Identification, exploration report, construction and the related data of final acceptance of construction of building are collected.And currently,
When the case where on-site test fabric structure, it is proposed three-dimensional laser scanner on the market, using three-dimensional laser scanner to room
The structure in room is scanned, to solve the problems, such as inefficiency.
The principle of three-dimensional laser scanner is scanned to interior of building surface texture, generates three according to scanning result
Point cloud data is tieed up, digital building model is formed, the plain structural model of building can be obtained within the relatively short time.
But the appraising datums such as bearing capacity of building can not be obtained by existing single three-dimensional laser scanner, it builds
Building the data such as the overall deformation situation of object, the bearing capacity of building member can not directly acquire from digital building model, also
Be need the processing of a large amount of data post could the Structural Identification result to building be determined, and data post processing is numerous
It is trivial, cause the efficiency of detection that cannot still improve.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the knots that one kind can directly obtain building
Structure identify synthesis result, solve the problems, such as data post handle it is cumbersome, inefficiency based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in structure
Application method in identification.
The purpose of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
Application method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, comprising:
Step S1: house facade structure is scanned using the three-dimensional laser scanner being located on website, generates three-dimensional point cloud number
According to；
Step S2: in conjunction with the design feature of live building and the testing conditions at scene, the spy in monolithic architecture object is extracted
Building member is determined as detection unit, determines the concrete strength of detection unit；
Step S3: the opposite differential settlement trend and its integral inclined situation of building of in-site measurement building；
Step S4: scene detect and investigate and analyse the working load of building to building degree of impairment；
The point cloud data of GB level capacity: being converted into the RCS data of KB level capacity by step S5, is imported at CAD software
Reason, generates the structural plan figure of building, and by the on-site test data markers in step S2, step S3 and step S4 in structure
In plan view；
Step S6: integrated structure plan view and on-site test data are calculated by PKPM software and establish fabric structure
Model carries out calculating analysis to fabric structure bearing capacity.
It further, further include step S11 after the step S1: in conjunction with building site environment, to being scanned in step S1
The construction zone of shortage of data carries out additional survey.Since three-dimensional laser scanner does not have penetrability, for building
Turn position or other positions in object fail once to over-scan in place, it is therefore desirable to carry out additional survey in building, guarantee
The integrality of building field data detection data.
Further, the method for the concrete strength of detection unit is determined in the step S2 are as follows:
Step S201: choosing 10 areas Ge Ce in each detection unit, and each survey area arranges 16 measuring points；
Step S202: the concrete surface for each measuring point of polishing measures the coagulation of each measuring point using concrete bouncing back instrument
Native rebound value estimates each concrete observed strength for surveying area in conjunction with the correction factor of carbonation depth；Returned according to the average of survey area
Bullet value and carbonation depth value are by strength test curve or survey area's intensity conversion table and obtain the value of concrete strength of component；
Step S203: average value, standard deviation and the minimum of the area each detection unit Shang Gece concrete observed strength are counted
Value, estimates the concrete crushing strength of each detection unit, carries out Comprehensive Assessment to concrete strength.
Further, the method for the concrete strength of detection unit is determined in the step S2 are as follows: use concrete drill hole
Sampler carries out cutting and filling-in to core sample end at random to the concrete core boring sampling of any detection unit, certainly to core sample
Ratio of height to diameter is so made after drying and is the standard core sample of 1:1, then the intensity of its concrete core sample is detected.
The intensity of core sample test specimen concrete should determine that core drilling method is used by applying the test method of active force to core sample test specimen
In the concrete crushing strength scaled value that amendment rebound method obtains.
Further, in the step S3 the opposite differential settlement trend of building measurement method are as follows: utilize level
Instrument is opposite level surface with bottom corner plinth line, measures the opposite differential settlement trend of building.
Further, in the step S3 the integral inclined situation of building detection method are as follows: it is logical using electronic total station
The relative dimensional coordinate for crossing measurement exterior wall corner upper and lower ends calculates the integral inclined rate of building.
It further, include checking whether building wall has to split to the detection of building degree of impairment in the step S4
Seam, painting is peeled off or wall crazing phenomenon.
It further, include but is not limited to use live load to the investigation and analysis of building working load in the step S4
And dead load, the building function after the value of live load is fitted up according to building determine that dead load is then according to floor construction thickness
Degree, building coats thickness, the materials for wall of dividing wall, thickness and height determine.
Further, further include step S51 after the step S5: by CAD software generate fabric structure plan view with
The design drawing of building existing building structure is further checked.
Further, the information of the review includes but is not limited to that axial dimension, floor layer be high, section ruler of detection unit
It is very little.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is in advance by various on-site test data markers in the point cloud data that three-dimensional laser scanner generates, then leads to
It crosses PKPM software and calculates and establish fabric structure model, the comprehensive identifications such as fabric structure bearing capacity result calculate and is divided
The problem of analysing, can solve cumbersome data post processing, inefficiency, to improve the precision and data application of measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for the application method that the present invention is based on three-dimensional laser scanning techniques in Structural Identification.
Specific embodiment
In the following, being described further in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment to the present invention, it should be noted that not
Under the premise of conflicting, new implementation can be formed between various embodiments described below or between each technical characteristic in any combination
Example.
As shown in Figure 1, the application method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, comprising:
Step S1: house integral structure is scanned using the three-dimensional laser scanner being located on website, generates three-dimensional point cloud number
According to；Three-dimensional laser scanner is set up on the website on building periphery, parameter setting and correction are carried out to three-dimensional laser scanner；
And instrument reflection target is set up on three-dimensional laser scanner periphery, adjustment target target center is flat with the optical axis of three-dimensional laser scanner by it
Row, and the elevation coordinate of target target center and the point cloud data of three-dimensional laser scanner generation are obtained, pass through coordinate and converts and put cloud
The splicing of data forms the three-dimensional laser point cloud data of texture；
Wherein three-dimensional laser scanner website may be provided at building periphery eminence or unobscured place, foot prop is fixed
On website, after three-dimensional laser scanner is fixed on foot prop, by adjusting the bolt on foot prop for three-dimensional laser scanner
It is stabilized on the pedestal of foot prop, starts three-dimensional laser scanner.
Since most of three-dimensional laser scanner is all built-in with angle compensation, it would know that three-dimensional laser is swept by angle compensation
Retouch whether instrument is in formation state, compensation range is between ± 0.5 °~± 10 °, if angled compensation, substantially flat；
If nothing, instrument can be equipped with horizontal bubble or be equipped with horizontal base.
At the same time, the parameter of three-dimensional laser scanner can by instrument host or computer to the resolution ratio of scanning, survey
Journey, color obtain and its scanning angle is configured.Scanning angle is defaulted as 360 ° and 60 °~320 ° of vertical angle of horizontal angle；Point
Resolution is the angular resolution at vertical and horizontal angle, it will be appreciated that the included angle between single beam laser, in the point of different radii
Cloud density value.The settable different resolution ratio of different achievement demands puts the most high-density value of cloud up to the several millimeters of zero point；It surveys
Sweep radius of the Cheng Zewei centered on instrument host, ranging meter can be differed from 1.5 meters to 6000；Color acquisition is then for scanning
Point cloud adds RGB color value, and point cloud itself only has two kinds of basic display modes of reflectivity and amplitude, there is external and built-in camera
(digital camera), so that it may which after the scan is completed, pan photo, is assigned on cloud, keeps point cloud data more straight
It sees.
After the parameter of three-dimensional laser scanner is configured, 3 are furnished at 5~10 meters of the periphery of three-dimensional laser scanner
~5 instrument reflection targets, adjustment target target center is parallel with the optical axis of three-dimensional laser scanner by it, and target is for converting geodetic coordinates
Splice with website.In addition, website splicing can also be carried out by way of no target, no target then relies on the phase scanned between website
Same data, such as the identical data progress website splicing on same sidewalls or ground.And this implementation is come using there is target
Measurement method.
After three-dimensional laser scanner is scanned scene building substance environment, the height of target target center is obtained by RTK or GPS
Journey coordinate is reversed the coordinate system of scanner by target, is allowed to be matched in engineering coordinate system.
Since laser does not have penetrability, shortage of data will cause in complex environment unavoidably.Therefore raw after scanning
At building field data data if any missing, also need that measurement is replenished in time, to guarantee the complete of building field data data
Whole property, wherein building field data includes major axis size, floor layer is high, builds segmentation, door and window, openings position, structure
Arrangement, concrete component sectional dimension etc..Website is furnished again in the construction zone of shortage of data, is swept using three-dimensional laser
Instrument is retouched the construction zone is carried out to rescan processing.
Step S2: in conjunction with the design feature of live building and the testing conditions at scene, the spy in monolithic architecture object is extracted
Building member is determined as detection unit, determines the concrete strength of detection unit；
Concrete strength inspection, can be by rebound method in concrete compressive strength detection, can also be by core drilling method to concrete strength
Detected, can also be by rebound method in concrete compressive strength detection after, and its intensity is modified with core drilling method.And the present embodiment
It is then and to be modified with core drilling method to its intensity by after rebound method in concrete compressive strength detection.
Concrete condition is as follows: according to live building result feature and on-site test condition, extracting representative column, Liang Heban
Equal components by strength test curve or survey area's intensity conversion as detection unit, according to the average rebound number and carbonation depth value for surveying area
Table obtains the value of concrete strength of component.The concrete core sample drilled through from structure, which is processed into, meets defined core sample test specimen, core
The intensity of sample test specimen concrete should determine that core drilling method is for correcting rebound by applying the test method of active force to core sample test specimen
The concrete crushing strength scaled value that method obtains.
The detection method of rebound method are as follows: randomly select keypoint part or representational component (beam, column), each component choosing
The area Qu10Ge Ce, each survey area arrange that 16 measuring points are measured back after pestal grinding concrete surface using concrete bouncing back instrument
Bullet value considers the amendment of carbonation depth (>=6mm), estimates each concrete Conversion strength for surveying area.On this basis, component is counted
Each average value, standard deviation and minimum value for surveying area's concrete observed strength, and then the concrete crushing strength of each component is estimated, and
Comprehensive Assessment is carried out to concrete strength.
The detection method of core drilling method are as follows: representative component (beam, column) is randomly selected using concrete drill hole sampler
Concrete core sample detects its concrete strength, the amendment as rebound method in concrete compressive strength detection.Core sample, which drills through, to be finished
Afterwards, laboratory is taken back, core sample end is carried out to cut and use sulphur mud or high-strength mortar filling-in, it is 1:1's that ratio of height to diameter, which is made,
Standard core sample directly measures its intensity after the natural drying of core sample test specimen on universal testing machine.
Step S3: the opposite differential settlement trend and its integral inclined situation of building of in-site measurement building；
Detection is measured to building overall deformation situation, can reflect the important indicator of building service performance, thus
Building deformation detection especially differential settlement of buildings or it is integral inclined also become building analyte detection identification must examine item.
Wherein, horizontal member (such as beam or roof truss etc.) preferably uses level or laser range finder to be detected, selected member production and
If doing as measuring point for span centre, is measured the relative relief of member seat and span centre, the amount of deflection of component is calculated using relative relief.
The verticality application theodolite or electronic total station machine core of vertical member (such as column or wall etc.) detect, and measurement component top is opposite
The horizontal displacement of bottom calculates gradient and records inclined direction.
And the present embodiment then uses high-precision level, measures the opposite differential settlement trend of building, when measurement with
Bottom foundation plinth line is opposite level surface；It is detected using integral inclined situation of the electronic total station to building.Pass through
The relative dimensional coordinate for measuring exterior wall corner upper and lower ends calculates the integral inclined rate of building.
Step S4: scene detect and investigate and analyse the working load of building to building degree of impairment；
According to on-site test condition, complete detection is carried out to building degree of impairment, it is subtle whether building wall has
Phenomena such as crack and painting peeling, wall crazing.
Building working load is investigated and analysed, and provides foundation for the performance evaluation of fabric structure.Load investigation master
It to include using live load and dead load.Building function after the value of live load is mainly fitted up according to building is determining, permanent lotus
It carries and is then determined according to floor construction thickness degree, building coats thickness, the materials for wall of dividing wall, thickness and height.
Step S5: by Autodesk recap plug-in unit, the point cloud data of GB level capacity is converted into the RCS of KB level capacity
Data import CAD software and are handled, generate the structural plan figure of building, and will be in step S2, step S3 and step S4
On-site test data markers are in the figure of structural plan；
The on-site test data include the concrete strength component information that step S2 is obtained, the unevenness obtained in step S3
Building degree of impairment in even sedimentation information, integral inclined situation and step S4, building working load situation mark
In CAD two dimensional model.
If any the design drawing of building existing building structure, by structural plan figure combination design drawing to structural plan figure
It is checked, mainly includes the information such as axial dimension, floor layer height, primary structural member sectional dimension.
Step S6: integrated structure plan view and on-site test data are calculated by PKPM software and establish fabric structure
Model carries out calculating analysis to fabric structure bearing capacity.
The PKPM software is a architectural design software, and most important function is to carry out Architectural Structure Design, realizes number
It is calculated according to statistics is automatically performed, overall calculation analysis can be carried out to structure, it is also achievable to the project amount statistics of engineering project, steel
Muscle statistics etc..At the same time, the AutoCAD electronic document of drawing can also be converted, so that user's manual calculation be greatly saved
The huge workload of project amount, and the project amount from basis, concrete, finishing is made to count on the reinforcing bar statistics effect of beam, plate, column, wall etc.
Rate and accuracy greatly improve.
Wherein step S2, S3 can be carried out with S4 by the way that multiple operators are synchronous, can also be measured in order, wherein walking
Rapid S2, step S3 and step S4 can also suitably replace measuring sequence, will not have an impact to final analysis result.
Compared with prior art, the present invention establishes building 2 d plane picture using 3-D scanning detector, solves people
The problem that work measures work repeatedly and error is big, while can preferably be checked with drawing, under conditions of no drawings, establish
The problem of PKPM model more meets live building reality, can increase cumbersome data post processing, inefficiency.And core pulling position
It sets, differential settlement of buildings, integral inclined situation and damage of building situation further can intuitively be reflected in building object point
In cloud data and in the figure of structural plan.
The present invention improves and uses the hands such as international advanced technology, instrument to tradition actual measurement actual quantities using three-dimensional laser scanner
The precision and data application of measurement is greatly improved in section, has and develops efficiency, improves quality, the main feature of electronic archive, accords with
It closes current structure and identifies development trend, and the raising of Structural Identification industry identification quality is made with great extending application
With.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
The variation and replacement for any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art is done on the basis of the present invention belong to institute of the present invention
Claimed range.
Claims (10)
1. the application method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification characterized by comprising
Step S1: house facade structure is scanned using the three-dimensional laser scanner being located on website, generates three dimensional point cloud；
Step S2: in conjunction with the design feature of live building and the testing conditions at scene, specific building in monolithic architecture object is extracted
Component of thing is built as detection unit, determines the concrete strength of detection unit；
Step S3: the opposite differential settlement trend and its integral inclined situation of building of in-site measurement building；
Step S4: scene detect and investigate and analyse the working load of building to building degree of impairment；
The point cloud data of GB level capacity: being converted into the RCS data of KB level capacity by step S5, is imported CAD software and is handled, raw
At the structural plan figure of building, and by the on-site test data markers in step S2, step S3 and step S4 in structural plan
In figure；
Step S6: integrated structure plan view and on-site test data calculate by PKPM software and establish fabric structure model,
Calculating analysis is carried out to fabric structure bearing capacity.
2. the application method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In further including step S11 after the step S1: in conjunction with building site environment, the building that scan data in step S1 is lacked
Object area carries out additional survey.
3. the application method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In the method for the concrete strength of determining detection unit in the step S2 are as follows:
Step S201: choosing 10 areas Ge Ce in each detection unit, and each survey area arranges 16 measuring points；
Step S202: the concrete surface for each measuring point of polishing is returned using the concrete that concrete bouncing back instrument measures each measuring point
Bullet value estimates each concrete observed strength for surveying area in conjunction with the correction factor of carbonation depth；
Step S203: average value, standard deviation and the minimum value of the area each detection unit Shang Gece concrete observed strength are counted, is pushed away
The concrete crushing strength of fixed each detection unit carries out Comprehensive Assessment to concrete strength.
4. the application method according to claim 3 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In, in the step S2 determine detection unit concrete strength method are as follows: using concrete drill hole sampler at random to appoint
The concrete core boring sampling for detection unit of anticipating, and cutting and filling-in are carried out to core sample end, height is made after core sample natural drying
Diameter is detected than the standard core sample for 1:1, then to the intensity of its concrete core sample.
5. the application method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In the measurement method of the opposite differential settlement trend of building in the step S3 are as follows: using level with bottom corner Le
Payment to a porter is opposite level surface, measures the opposite differential settlement trend of building.
6. the application method according to claim 5 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In the detection method of the integral inclined situation of building in the step S3 are as follows: pass through measurement exterior wall corner using electronic total station
The relative dimensional coordinate for locating upper and lower ends calculates the integral inclined rate of building.
7. the application method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In, in the step S4 to the detection of building degree of impairment include check building wall whether have crack, painting peel off or
Wall crazing phenomenon.
8. the application method according to claim 7 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In, it include but is not limited to use live load and dead load to the investigation and analysis of building working load in the step S4, lotus living
Building function after the value of load is fitted up according to building determines that dead load is then according to floor construction thickness degree, building sides thickness
Degree, the materials for wall of dividing wall, thickness and height determine.
9. the application method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
In further including step S51 after the step S5: the fabric structure plan view and building existing building that CAD software is generated
The design drawing of structure is further checked.
10. the application method according to claim 9 based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique in Structural Identification, feature exist
It include but is not limited to that axial dimension, floor layer be high, sectional dimension of detection unit in, the information of the review.
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