CN114032347A - Hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge and iron-making method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge and iron-making method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114032347A CN114032347A CN202111322444.3A CN202111322444A CN114032347A CN 114032347 A CN114032347 A CN 114032347A CN 202111322444 A CN202111322444 A CN 202111322444A CN 114032347 A CN114032347 A CN 114032347A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
Abstract
The invention provides a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating of furnace charge, which comprises a hydrogen shaft furnace, a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for bearing iron-containing furnace charge and reducing the iron-containing furnace charge; the lower part of each preheating bin is communicated with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace materials entering the hydrogen shaft furnace; the combustion chamber is communicated with a pipeline at one side of the lower part of each preheating bin, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber preheats iron-containing furnace materials in the preheating bins; and the flue gas recovery and purification device is communicated with a pipeline on one side of the upper part of each preheating bin and is used for purifying flue gas discharged from the preheating bins and recovering resources. The invention also provides an iron-making method of the hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on the external preheating furnace charge. The hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on the external preheating furnace charge and the iron-making method thereof can reduce the hydrogen consumption of unit products, reduce the product cost and improve the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reduced iron smelting, in particular to a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge and an iron-making method thereof.
Background
The iron and steel industry is used as an energy-intensive industry, the energy consumption is huge, the carbon emission amount accounts for about 15% of the total carbon emission amount, and the carbon emission in the iron-making link accounts for more than 80% of the total carbon emission amount in the iron and steel industry. Therefore, the key to realizing the sustainable development of the ironmaking industry is to reduce the carbon emission of the ironmaking process. The hydrogen metallurgy iron-making process mainly using hydrogen energy has the advantages of high production efficiency, environmental protection, low carbon, good product quality and the like, and is considered to be an important way for reducing the carbon emission of the iron-making industry and promoting the sustainable development of the iron-making industry at present.
Hydrometallurgy generally means that the hydrogen content of reducing gas fed into a furnace is more than 55 percent (H)2/CO is more than 1.5), and the direct reduction process of the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is produced by reducing iron ore and pellet ore in a hydrogen shaft furnace, belongs to a short-flow process, uses hydrogen to replace carbon as a main reducing agent, has no coke consumption, and becomes a hot spot of iron making research and development in the world. At present, the application of the direct reduction iron-making process of hydrogen metallurgy in the world is very wide, mainly comprising the processes of MIDREX, HYL-III, PERED and the like, and H in the production process2The reduction absorbs a lot of heat, and 1800m is usually needed for producing one ton of direct reduced iron3The hydrogen-rich reducing gas, the amount of the hydrogen entering the furnace reduced by the pure hydrogen shaft furnace is even up to 2400m3T is calculated. Because the hydrogen consumption of the prior hydrogen metallurgy iron making is large, the production efficiency is relatively low, and the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen is relatively high, the prior hydrogen metallurgy iron making has the disadvantages of high hydrogen consumption, low production efficiency and high hydrogen manufacturing costThe production cost of metallurgy iron making is higher, and the economic benefit is relatively lower.
Many of the hydrogen reduction ironmaking processes or methods currently disclosed, and these processes tend to have the following problems: in the existing method, the energy consumption of required equipment is high due to electric heating, and the cost is difficult to effectively control; in some methods, the electric heating equipment is arranged in the shaft furnace, so that the equipment is consumed quickly, the maintenance difficulty is high, and the cost is high; the repeated reduction of some methods can reduce the use efficiency of equipment and increase the process difficulty of the equipment; in the repeated reduction process of the other method, the metallization rate is difficult to control, and the product quality is influenced.
Therefore, there is a need for a hydrogen reduction iron making process that can reduce the hydrogen consumption per unit product, reduce the product cost, and improve the productivity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge and an iron-making method thereof, which can reduce the hydrogen consumption of unit products, lower the product cost and improve the production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating charging materials, which comprises
The hydrogen shaft furnace is used for bearing and reducing the iron-containing furnace burden;
the lower part of each preheating bin is communicated with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace materials entering the hydrogen shaft furnace;
the combustion chamber is communicated with a pipeline at one side of the lower part of each preheating bin, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber preheats iron-containing furnace materials in the preheating bins;
and the flue gas recovery and purification device is communicated with a pipeline on one side of the upper part of each preheating bin and is used for purifying flue gas discharged from the preheating bins and recovering resources.
Furthermore, the hydrogen shaft furnace comprises a distribution bin arranged at the upper part of the hydrogen shaft furnace, a reduction section connected at the lower part of the distribution bin, and a cooling section connected at the lower part of the reduction section, wherein the reduction section is provided with a reducing gas inlet, the lower part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas inlet, the upper part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas outlet, the top of the reduction section is provided with a furnace top gas outlet, and the bottom of the cooling section is provided with a reduced iron outlet.
Furthermore, the preheating bin comprises a first preheating bin, a second preheating bin and a third preheating bin, the upper parts of the three preheating bins are respectively communicated with the receiving hopper pipeline, the lower parts of the three preheating bins are respectively communicated with the distribution bin pipeline, and sealing valves controlled by a preset program are respectively arranged on the pipelines communicated with the distribution bin, the receiving hopper, the combustion chamber and the flue gas recovery and purification device.
Furthermore, the pipelines of the three preheating bins communicated with the combustion chamber are respectively provided with a flange seal valve.
Furthermore, a double-layer sleeve spray gun is arranged on the combustion chamber, and two groups of ignition electric furnace wires connected with two different power supplies are arranged in the combustion chamber at the joint of the double-layer sleeve spray gun and the double-layer sleeve spray gun.
The invention also provides an iron-making method of the hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge, which comprises the following steps:
adding iron-containing furnace burden into a preheating bin, and simultaneously feeding combustion air sprayed into a combustion chamber and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of gas fuel into the preheating bin to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden;
the preheated iron-containing furnace charge enters a reduction section through a distribution bin of the hydrogen shaft furnace and reacts with reducing gas introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace to generate reduced iron;
the reduced iron enters a cooling section of the hydrogen shaft furnace, and is discharged from the bottom of the hydrogen shaft furnace after being cooled;
the high-temperature flue gas in the preheating bin is discharged into the flue gas recovery and purification device after preheating the iron-containing furnace burden.
Furthermore, the first preheating bin, the second preheating bin and the third preheating bin flow into the hydrogen shaft furnace in a wheel mode to supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials, and continuous and uninterrupted supply of the iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace can be guaranteed.
Further, the temperature of high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber is 1100-1200 ℃, and the pre-heated preset temperature of the iron-containing furnace burden in the pre-heating bin is 950-1050 ℃.
Further, the reducing gas is hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas with hydrogen content more than 65%, and the gas fuel includes but is not limited to converter gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas or/and chemical production tail gas.
Further, the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore solid particles or/and iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets, the iron-containing grade of the iron ore solid particles is 67% -70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is more than 65%, and the proportion of iron-containing concentrates in the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is not more than 10%.
According to the hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on the external preheating charging materials and the iron-making method thereof, as the iron-containing charging materials are heated to the preset temperature by the high-temperature flue gas in the preheating bin, the hydrogen shaft furnace does not need a charging material preheating section, so that the height of the hydrogen shaft furnace is reduced by about half, and the equipment is miniaturized. And one part of the high-temperature reducing gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for reduction reaction, and the other part of the high-temperature reducing gas is used for heating iron-containing furnace materials at high temperature, and the iron-containing furnace materials are heated to the temperature of reduction reaction before entering the hydrogen shaft furnace, so that the iron-containing furnace materials can directly react with the reducing gas, the iron-containing furnace materials are not required to be heated by the high-temperature reducing gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace, and the use amount of the reducing gas for heating the iron-containing furnace materials is reduced, so that the use amount of expensive hydrogen can be greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the iron-containing furnace burden entering the reduction section can directly perform reduction reaction with the reduction gas without heating, so that the retention time of the iron-containing furnace burden in the hydrogen shaft furnace is greatly shortened, the production efficiency of iron making can be greatly improved, and the iron making efficiency can be improved by 20-50%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating charging materials according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides an iron making device of a hydrogen shaft furnace based on external preheating charging materials, which comprises
A hydrogen shaft furnace 1 for carrying and reducing iron-containing charge material.
And the lower part of each preheating bin 2 is communicated with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 and is used for preheating the iron-containing furnace charge entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
The combustion chamber 3 is communicated with one side of the lower part of each preheating material 2 bin through a pipeline, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 3 preheats iron-containing furnace materials in the preheating material bin 2.
The flue gas recovery and purification device 4 is communicated with one side of the upper part of each preheating bin 2 through a pipeline, and is used for purifying flue gas discharged from the preheating bins 2 and recovering resources.
The hydrogen shaft furnace 1 comprises a distribution bin 11 at the upper part, a reduction section 12 connected to the lower part of the distribution bin 11, and a cooling section 13 connected to the lower part of the reduction section 12. The reduction section 12 is provided with a reduction gas inlet 14, the lower part of the cooling section 13 is provided with a cooling gas inlet 15, the upper part of the cooling section 13 is provided with a cooling gas outlet 16, the top of the reduction section 12 is provided with a top gas outlet 17, and the bottom of the cooling section 13 is provided with a reduced iron outlet 18.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preheating bunker 2 includes a first preheating bunker 21, a second preheating bunker 22 and a third preheating bunker 23, the upper portions of the preheating bunkers 2 are respectively communicated with the receiving hopper 5 through pipes, and iron-containing furnace materials can be respectively and sequentially added into the three preheating bunkers through the receiving hopper 5. Because the three preheating bins are connected with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace at different positions, if the iron-containing furnace burden preheated in each preheating bin is directly discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from different positions at the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the iron-containing furnace burden in the furnace burden is easily distributed unevenly in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the iron-making quality and efficiency can be influenced. Therefore, the distributing bin 11 is arranged at the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the lower parts of the three preheating bins are respectively communicated with the distributing bin 11 through pipelines, the distributing bin 11 can adjust the iron-containing furnace materials in the preheating bins 2 at three different positions to the same blanking position, and then the iron-containing furnace materials are discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the same blanking position through the distributing bin 11, so that the uniformity of the distribution of the iron-containing furnace materials in the reduction section 12 is ensured. Sealing valves are respectively arranged on pipelines communicated with the preheating bin 2, the distribution bin 11, the receiving hopper 5, the combustion chamber 3 and the flue gas recovery and purification device 4, and the closing and opening of each sealing valve are controlled by a preset program. The first preheating bunker 21, the second preheating bunker 22 and the third preheating bunker 23 can alternately supply the preheated iron-containing burden into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 by controlling the opening and closing of each sealing valve through a preset program, thereby ensuring that the three preheating bunkers continuously supply the iron-containing burden into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
Since the iron-bearing charge material is heated to a predetermined temperature in the preheating bunker by the high-temperature flue gas, the hydrogen shaft furnace does not need a charge material preheating section, so that the height of the hydrogen shaft furnace is reduced by nearly half, and the whole equipment is miniaturized.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, flange seal valves are respectively disposed on the pipes connecting the preheating bunker 2 and the combustion chamber 3, so as to prevent accidents caused by inward infiltration of air and outward leakage of hydrogen, and facilitate periodic maintenance of the combustion chamber 3 or replacement of the combustion chamber 3 damaged by long-term combustion.
In one embodiment of the invention, a double-barrel lance is provided in the combustion chamber 3, by means of which preheated air and inexpensive gaseous fuel can be blown into the combustion chamber 3. In order to ignite the mixed gas of air and gas fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber 3 by the double-layer sleeve spray gun, an ignition electric furnace wire connected with a power supply is arranged in the combustion chamber 3 at the joint of the double-layer sleeve spray gun, the temperature of the ignition electric furnace wire can be kept in a red heat state higher than 1000-1200 ℃ under the action of the power supply, and the mixed gas sprayed into the combustion chamber 3 can be rapidly ignited.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, two groups of ignition furnace wires connected with two different power supplies are arranged in the combustion chamber 3, if the power supply of one group of ignition furnace wires is suddenly powered off, the other group of ignition furnace wires connected with the other power supply can be started, and the production accident caused by sudden fire stop can be avoided.
The invention provides an iron-making method of a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on an external preheating charging material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a sealing valve between a first preheating bin 21 and a receiving hopper 5 is opened by a preset program, iron-containing furnace burden is added into the first preheating bin 21 by the receiving hopper 5, simultaneously preheated combustion-supporting air and gas fuel are sprayed into a combustion chamber 3 through a double-layer sleeve spray gun, mixed gas of the combustion-supporting air and the gas fuel is ignited by an ignition electric furnace wire, and high-temperature flue gas at 1100-1200 ℃ is generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 3. As a specific embodiment of the invention, the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore solid particles or/and iron-containing oxidized pellets of the concentrate, wherein the iron-containing grade of the iron ore solid particles is 67% -70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing oxidized pellets of the concentrate is more than 65%, and the proportion of the iron-containing concentrate in the iron-containing oxidized pellets of the concentrate is not more than 10%. In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas fuel includes, but is not limited to, converter gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and/or chemical production exhaust gas.
After the first preheating bunker 21 is charged, the sealing valve between the first preheating bunker 21 and the receiving hopper 5 is closed and the sealing valve between the first preheating bunker 21 and the combustion chamber 3 is opened by a preset program, the 1100-1200 ℃ high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 3 enters the first preheating bunker 21 to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the first preheating bunker 21, and the iron-containing furnace burden in the first preheating bunker 21 is charged by the hopper 5 in the second preheating bunker 22 in the preheating process.
When the iron-containing furnace burden in the first preheating bunker 21 is preheated to 950-1050 ℃, the preset program closes a sealing valve between the first preheating bunker 21 and the combustion chamber 3, opens a sealing valve between the first preheating bunker 21 and the distribution bunker 11 and a sealing valve between the first preheating bunker 21 and the flue gas recovery and purification device 4, the high-temperature flue gas supply in the first preheating bunker 21 is suspended, the iron-containing furnace burden at 950-1050 ℃ in the first preheating bunker 21 is discharged into the distribution bunker 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the flue gas in the first preheating bunker 21 enters the flue gas recovery and purification device 4.
Meanwhile, the preset program closes a sealing valve between the second preheating bunker 22 and the receiving hopper 5 and opens a sealing valve between the second preheating bunker 22 and the combustion chamber 3, the 1100-1200 ℃ high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 3 enters the second preheating bunker 22 to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the second preheating bunker 22, and the third preheating bunker 23 is fed by the receiving hopper 5 in the process of preheating the iron-containing furnace burden in the second preheating bunker 22.
When the raw materials containing furnace in the second preheating bunker 22 is preheated to 950-1050 ℃, the preset program closes the sealing valve between the second preheating bunker 22 and the combustion chamber 3, opens the sealing valve between the second preheating bunker 22 and the distribution bunker 11 and the sealing valve between the second preheating bunker 22 and the flue gas recovery and purification device 4, the high-temperature flue gas supply in the second preheating bunker 22 is suspended, the iron-bearing burden at 950-1050 ℃ in the second preheating bunker 22 is discharged into the distribution bunker 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the flue gas in the second preheating bunker 22 enters the flue gas recovery and purification device 4.
Meanwhile, the preset program closes a sealing valve between the third preheating bunker 23 and the receiving hopper 5, opens the sealing valve between the third preheating bunker 23 and the combustion chamber 3, the 1100-1200 ℃ high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 3 enters the third preheating bunker 23 to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the third preheating bunker 23, and the first preheating bunker 21 is fed by the receiving hopper 5 in the process of preheating the iron-containing furnace burden in the third preheating bunker 23.
When the raw materials containing furnace in the third preheating bunker 23 are preheated to 950-1050 ℃, the preset program closes the sealing valve between the third preheating bunker 23 and the combustion chamber 3, opens the sealing valve between the third preheating bunker 23 and the distribution bunker 11 and the sealing valve between the third preheating bunker 23 and the flue gas recovery and purification device 4, the high-temperature flue gas supply in the third preheating bunker 23 is suspended, the iron-containing raw materials preheated to 950-1050 ℃ in the third preheating bunker 23 are discharged into the distribution bunker 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the flue gas in the third preheating bunker 23 enters the flue gas recovery and purification device 4.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, when the double-layer sleeve spray gun stops blowing the combustion gas into the combustion chamber 3, equal amount of nitrogen is immediately supplemented into the combustion chamber 3 through the double-layer sleeve spray gun, so that a certain amount of positive pressure is kept in the combustion furnace, and the condition that the combustion chamber 3 sucks air or fuel gas and backfire to cause safety accidents is prevented.
The three groups of preheating bins 2 can continuously supply iron-containing furnace materials preheated to 950-1050 ℃ into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 by reciprocating circulation in the above manner.
Then, after the iron-containing furnace materials preheated to 950 ℃ -1050 ℃ enter the distribution bin 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the distribution bin 11 can adjust the iron-containing furnace materials discharged from the preheating bins 2 at different positions to the same discharging position, and then the iron-containing furnace materials are discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the same discharging position through the distribution bin 11, so that the iron-containing furnace materials are uniformly distributed in the reduction section 12, and the reaction efficiency of the iron-containing furnace materials can be improved. The iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 reacts with the reducing gas introduced into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the reducing gas inlet 14 to produce direct reduced iron, and the top gas generated after the reaction in the reduction section 12 is discharged from the top gas outlet 17 at the top of the reduction section 12. As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas is hydrogen or hydrogen-rich with a hydrogen content of more than 65%.
Because one part of the reducing gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is used for reduction reaction and the other part is used for forming high-temperature gas to heat the iron-containing furnace charge, the iron-containing furnace charge at the temperature of 950-1050 ℃ is heated by high-temperature flue gas in the preheating bin 2 before entering the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the iron-containing furnace charge at the temperature can directly react with the reducing gas, the iron-containing furnace charge is not required to be heated by the reducing gas, and the use of the part of the reducing gas for heating the furnace charge is reduced, so that the iron-making method provided by the invention can greatly reduce the use amount of expensive hydrogen and can reduce the production cost.
Moreover, because the iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 can directly carry out reduction reaction with the reducing gas without heating, the retention time of the iron-containing furnace charge in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is greatly shortened, the production efficiency of iron making is greatly improved, and the iron making efficiency can be improved by 20-50 percent by the iron making method provided by the invention.
Finally, the reduced iron produced in the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 enters the cooling section 13, the cooling gas entering from the cooling gas inlet 15 at the lower part of the cooling section 13 moves upwards to contact with the reduced iron from the upper part, the reduced iron is cooled, the cooled reduced iron is discharged from the reduced iron outlet 18 at the bottom of the cooling section 13, and the proportion of the metallic iron to the total iron in the produced Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is not lower than 90%. And the cooling gas after cooling the reduced iron is discharged from a cooling gas outlet 16 at the upper portion of the cooling section 13.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas recovery and purification apparatus includes a waste heat recovery boiler, a high temperature flue gas dust removal unit, a program control valve set for controlling the flow of flue gas, and a temperature and positive pressure control unit. To the high temperature flue gas that discharges into flue gas recovery and purifier after preheating the iron-bearing furnace charge in preheating feed bin 2, remove dust through high temperature flue gas dust removal unit earlier the back, the rethread waste heat recovery boiler carries out waste heat recovery, and combustion-supporting air and the iron-bearing dust that obtains of recovery that obtain through waste heat recovery can cyclic utilization, and the tail gas after the dust removal can be used as the air supply of drying to the income stove pellet of spraying water mud.
The following provides a specific description of the method for making iron by using a hydrogen shaft furnace based on external preheating charging materials.
Example 1
In the embodiment, oxidized pellets with iron grade of 67% and iron ore lump ore with total iron grade of 66% are used as raw materials, and hydrogen is used for reducing the oxidized pellets and the iron ore lump ore to prepare DRI, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) the oxygen top-blown converter gas (LDG) with medium heat value is selected as gas fuel, and the low heat value of the gas is about 8000KJ/m3Coal gas and combustion-supporting air preheated to 600 ℃ are sprayed into the combustion chamber 3 through a double-layer sleeve spray gun, and are ignited by red hot ignition wires when entering the combustion chamber 3, and high-temperature flue gas at 1200 ℃ is generated in the combustion chamber 3 through combustion.
2) High-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 3 enters the preheating bin 2 from bottom to top, iron ore lump ore and oxidized pellets in the preheating bin 2 are fully contacted and heated, preheating is stopped when the iron-containing furnace materials reach 1050 ℃ (the high-temperature flue gas is switched to another bin filled with iron-containing furnace material pellets and lump ore to heat the iron-containing furnace materials therein), a central control chamber preset program sends an instruction to open a sealing valve at the lower part of the preheating bin 2 after a sealing valve for flue gas inlet and outlet is closed, the high-temperature iron-containing furnace materials enter the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from top to bottom, and three groups of preheating bins can realize uninterrupted heating and feeding.
3) The temperature of the charging material entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is 1000 ℃, the charging material is reduced by 950 ℃ hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace, and the amount of the hydrogen entering the furnace is about 1600m3PerDRI (i.e. reduced iron) with a hydrogen consumption of 600m as reducing agent3The remaining 1000m of the tDRI3The hydrogen of the/tDRI is recycled by the waste heat of the coal gas of the hydrogen shaft furnace (the temperature of newly supplemented hydrogen can be preheated to 500 ℃), mixed with newly supplemented hydrogen for recycling, sent into a heating furnace, heated to 950 ℃ and then sent into the shaft furnace. Compared to a shaft furnace without a charge preheating system, the embodiments of the invention allow a reduction in hydrogen consumption: 1900-1300 ═ 700m3The cost of reducing the consumption of hydrogen-rich reducing gas by about 25-30% is reduced by the aid of the/tDRI.
4) The metallization rate of the reduced product DRI discharged from the lower part of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 in the production process reaches 94 percent, the effect of increasing the production by 20 percent of DRI is obtained, the production rate and the equipment utilization rate are improved, the cost of heating furnace charge is deducted, and the fuel cost of unit product is reduced by 15 percent.
Example 2
In the embodiment, oxidized pellets with iron grade of 68% are used as raw materials, and the DRI is prepared by reducing iron ore oxidized pellets with hydrogen, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) the Coke Oven Gas (COG) with high calorific value, which is a byproduct of steel and iron works, is selected as a gas fuel, and the low calorific value of the gas is about 18000KJ/m3Coal gas and combustion-supporting air preheated to 600 ℃ are sprayed into the combustion chamber 3 through a double-layer sleeve spray gun, and are ignited by red hot ignition wires when entering the combustion chamber 3, and high-temperature flue gas at 1200 ℃ is generated in the combustion chamber 3 through combustion.
2) High-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber 3 enters the preheating bin 2 from bottom to top, iron ore lump ore and iron-containing oxidized pellets in the preheating bin 2 are fully contacted and heated, preheating is stopped when the iron-containing furnace burden reaches 980 ℃ (the high-temperature flue gas is switched to another bin filled with iron-containing furnace burden pellets and lump ore to heat the iron-containing furnace burden therein), a central control chamber preset program sends an instruction to open a sealing valve at the lower part of the preheating bin 2 after a sealing valve for flue gas inlet and outlet is closed, the high-temperature iron-containing furnace burden enters the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from top to bottom, and three groups of preheating bins can realize uninterrupted heating and feeding.
3) The temperature of the charging material entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is 980 ℃, the charging material is reduced by 950 ℃ hydrogen-rich gas introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace, and the amount of the hydrogen gas entering the furnace is about 1300m3PerDRI (i.e. reduced iron) with a hydrogen consumption of 600m as reducing agent3tDRI, the remainder 700m3The hydrogen of the/tDRI is recycled by the waste heat of the coal gas of the hydrogen shaft furnace (the temperature of newly supplemented hydrogen can be preheated to 500 ℃), mixed with newly supplemented hydrogen for recycling, sent into a heating furnace, heated to 950 ℃ and then sent into the shaft furnace. Compared to a shaft furnace without a charge preheating system, the embodiments of the invention allow a reduction in hydrogen consumption: 2400 + 1600 ═ 800m3The cost of reducing the consumption of hydrogen-rich reducing gas by about 25-30% is reduced by the aid of the/tDRI.
4) After the reduction is finished, the metallization rate of the reduced product DRI discharged from the lower part of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is 93%, the effect of increasing the production by 30% of DRI is obtained, the productivity and the equipment utilization rate are improved, the cost of heating furnace charge is deducted, and the fuel cost of unit product is reduced by 20%.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on external preheating furnace charge is characterized by comprising a hydrogen shaft furnace, a furnace body and a furnace body, wherein the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for bearing iron-containing furnace charge and reducing the iron-containing furnace charge;
the lower part of each preheating bin is communicated with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace materials entering the hydrogen shaft furnace;
the combustion chamber is communicated with a pipeline at one side of the lower part of each preheating bin, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber preheats iron-containing furnace materials in the preheating bins;
and the flue gas recovery and purification device is communicated with a pipeline on one side of the upper part of each preheating bin and is used for purifying flue gas discharged from the preheating bins and recovering resources.
2. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen shaft furnace comprises a distribution bin arranged at the upper part of the hydrogen shaft furnace, a reduction section connected at the lower part of the distribution bin, and a cooling section connected at the lower part of the reduction section, wherein the reduction section is provided with a reduction gas inlet, the lower part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas inlet, the upper part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas outlet, the top of the reduction section is provided with a furnace top gas outlet, and the bottom of the cooling section is provided with a reduced iron outlet.
3. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking installation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preheating bin comprises a first preheating bin, a second preheating bin and a third preheating bin, the upper parts of the three preheating bins are respectively communicated with a receiving hopper pipeline, the lower parts of the three preheating bins are respectively communicated with a distribution bin pipeline, and sealing valves controlled by preset programs are respectively arranged on the pipelines communicated with the distribution bin, the receiving hopper, the combustion chamber and the flue gas recovery and purification device.
4. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking installation according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the pipelines of the three preheating bins communicated with the combustion chamber are respectively provided with a flange seal valve.
5. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking installation according to claim 4, characterized in that: the double-layer sleeve type electric furnace is characterized in that a double-layer sleeve spray gun is arranged on the combustion chamber, and two groups of ignition electric furnace wires connected with two different power supplies are arranged in the combustion chamber at the joint of the double-layer sleeve spray gun and the double-layer sleeve spray gun.
6. A method for making iron in an external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
adding iron-containing furnace burden into a preheating bin, and simultaneously feeding combustion air sprayed into a combustion chamber and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of gas fuel into the preheating bin to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden;
the preheated iron-containing furnace charge enters a reduction section through a distribution bin of the hydrogen shaft furnace and reacts with reducing gas introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace to generate reduced iron;
the reduced iron enters a cooling section of the hydrogen shaft furnace, and is discharged from the bottom of the hydrogen shaft furnace after being cooled;
the high-temperature flue gas in the preheating bin is discharged into the flue gas recovery and purification device after preheating the iron-containing furnace burden.
7. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking process of claim 6, characterized in that: the first preheating bin, the second preheating bin and the third preheating bin supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace in a wheel flow manner, so that the iron-containing furnace materials can be continuously and uninterruptedly supplied into the hydrogen shaft furnace.
8. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking process of claim 7, characterized in that: the high-temperature flue gas at 1100-1200 ℃ generated in the combustion chamber can preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the preheating bin to the preset temperature of 950-1050 ℃.
9. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking process of claim 6, characterized in that: the reducing gas is hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas with the hydrogen content of more than 65 percent, and the gas fuel comprises but is not limited to converter gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas or/and chemical production tail gas.
10. The external preheated charge based hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking process of claim 6, characterized in that: the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore solid particles or/and iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets, the iron-containing grade of the iron ore solid particles is 67% -70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is more than 65%, and the proportion of iron-containing concentrates in the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is not more than 10%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114561535A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-31 | 东北大学 | High-temperature cooling reduction system and method for pellet ore |
| CN117604181A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | 长江润发(江苏)薄板镀层有限公司 | Pig iron smelting processing heat circulation system with waste heat recycling function |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114561535A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-31 | 东北大学 | High-temperature cooling reduction system and method for pellet ore |
| CN117604181A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | 长江润发(江苏)薄板镀层有限公司 | Pig iron smelting processing heat circulation system with waste heat recycling function |
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