CN114029754B - Clamp and method for machining small-size blade tenon rounding - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a clamp and a method for processing small-size blade tenon rounding, wherein the clamp comprises a support, a left positioning block and a right clamping block, the left positioning block is connected to the left side of the upper end of the support through a screw and a positioning pin, and the left positioning block comprises a first reference surface A, a second reference surface B and a cylindrical pin C which are respectively used for positioning the outer surface of a blade basin towards a flange plate, the side surface of a blade trailing edge flange plate and the end surface of the blade basin towards the flange plate; the right clamping block is connected to the upper end of the rotary support on the right side of the support through a screw, and comprises a third datum plane D and a clamping plane E which are respectively used for positioning the outer surface of the back edge plate of the blade and clamping the side surface of the front edge plate of the blade. The invention provides the clamping fixture for the small-size blades on the numerical control rounding machine and the corresponding rounding method, which are reliable in positioning, convenient in clamping and good in rounding effect.

Description

Clamp and method for machining small-size blade tenon rounding

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a blade tenon rounding clamp and a method for machining a blade tenon with smaller size and only capable of clamping a flange plate.

Background

At present, most of domestic blade tenons are rounded at the periphery by polishing by a fitter and manually polishing, and the processing efficiency is high, but the processing surface quality is poor, the consistency of the rounded shape is poor, and the design requirement cannot be met. For small-size blades, generally, the tenon length is smaller than 15mm, and the blades have short clamping length, so that no good universal clamping fixture exists at present, and when the conventional tool is used for clamping, interference is easily generated in the rounding process, or the rounding effect is poor because the clamping is unstable.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the fixture and the method for processing the tenon rounding of the small-size blade, which aim at the small-size blade with the edge plate, not only can the accurate positioning of the blade be realized, but also the processing part of the tenon is reserved, and the clamped blade can be milled and polished on a machine tool, so that the quality of the tenon rounding is finally improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fixture for processing the tenon rounding of a small-size blade, wherein the tenon length of the small-size blade is not more than 15mm, a flange plate is rectangular, the outer surface of the flange plate is a plane, the fixture comprises,

a support;

the left positioning block is detachably connected to the upper end of the support and comprises a first reference surface A, a second reference surface B and a cylindrical pin C, wherein,

the first datum plane A is a plane and is used for positioning the outer surface of the blade basin towards the edge plate;

the second datum plane B is a plane and is used for positioning the side surface of the trailing edge plate of the blade;

the cylindrical pin C is cylindrical and is used for positioning the end face of the blade basin towards the flange plate;

the rotary support is rotationally connected to the upper end of the support, and when the rotary support rotates relative to the connection point of the rotary support and the support, the upper end of the rotary support is far away from or near to the left positioning block;

the right clamping block is detachably connected to the upper end of the rotary support column and comprises a third datum plane D and a clamping plane E, wherein,

the third datum plane D is a plane and is used for positioning the outer surface of the blade back to the flange plate;

the clamping surface E is a plane for clamping the blade leading edge panel side.

It should be noted that, the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E are designed according to the edge plate of the small-sized blade to be rounded, so that the spatial position relationship of the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E depends on the spatial position relationship of the blade basin facing the outer surface of the edge plate, the side surface of the blade trailing edge plate, the end surface of the blade basin facing the edge plate, the outer surface of the blade facing away from the edge plate and the side surface of the blade leading edge plate in the specific small-sized blade edge plate shape. When the edge plate of the small-size blade is determined, the spatial position relationship among the first datum plane A, the second datum plane B, the cylindrical pin C, the third datum plane D and the clamping plane E is also determined uniquely, and the combination of the five elements forms the limitation on the edge plate. As an understanding, it can be considered that the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E are surfaces of the left positioning block and the right clamping block respectively extending the blade basin-facing edge plate outer surface, the blade trailing edge plate side surface, the blade basin-facing edge plate end surface, the blade back-facing edge plate outer surface and the blade leading edge plate side surface in the shape of the small-size blade edge plate, so that two different positioning clamping surface combinations are formed, and when the left positioning block and the right clamping block are simultaneously contacted with the small-size blade edge plate, the positioning and clamping of the small-size blade are completed.

As an option, be provided with left support arm and right support arm on the support, there is the second interval between left support arm and the right support arm, and the second interval is as the space of placing of blade body, and the upper end and the left locating piece of left support arm can dismantle to be connected, open on the right support arm has notch and pivot hole, and the rotation pillar extends outside the notch in the notch, and rotation pillar passes through the pivot hole on axle and the right support arm to be connected. The design of the notch facilitates the rotation of the rotary support column, saves the rotation space and facilitates the loading of the clamp into the station of the machine tool.

Alternatively, the left positioning block is connected with the upper end of the left support arm through a positioning pin and a screw, and the right clamping block is connected with the upper end of the rotary support column through a screw.

Alternatively, the lower end of the rotary support column is provided with a threaded through hole, the axial direction of the threaded through hole is perpendicular to the shaft, a screw rod is connected in the threaded through hole, one end of the screw rod is tightly attached to the support seat, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the locking handle. The screw rod axially moves in the threaded through hole, so that the rotary support rotates relative to the support, and the right clamping block at the upper end of the rotary support is far away from or close to the left positioning block. The screw thread uses left-handed or right-handed threads depending on the operator's habit.

Alternatively, the fixture for rounding the tenons of small-sized blades further comprises a connection cap connected to the lower end of the support, the inner surface of the connection cap being threaded and connected to the rotating base of the machine tool by means of threads.

A method for rounding the tenon of a small-sized blade comprises the following steps,

a five-axis numerical control rounding machine is adopted, the five-axis numerical control rounding machine is provided with four stations, namely a front station, a rear station, a left station and a right station, the left station is a milling station, the right station is a polishing and brushing station, the front station and the rear station are waiting stations, and the four stations rotate in sequence;

the fixture is adopted and is arranged on four stations of the five-axis numerical control rounding machine, then the edge plate of the small-size blade is clamped on the fixture through the first reference surface A, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E, and then the origin point is aligned.

Further, the method for rounding the tenons of the small-sized blades further comprises the following steps,

firstly, respectively dotting two sides, the top surface and the front end of a small-size blade tenon by adopting probes, and determining the position of the blade tenon;

and step two, milling and rounding the small-size blade tenons of the milling station, and polishing and brushing the small-size blade tenons of the polishing and brushing station to remove milling cutter lines at the same time of milling.

After the clamp clamps the tenons of the small-size blades, the clamp is arranged on the bases of four stations of the five-axis numerical control rounding machine tool, the small-size blades are arranged on the clamps of the four stations one by one, and the left positioning block and the right clamping block of the clamp are used for clamping the edge plates of the small-size blades, so that the small-size blades are clamped and fixed, and after four rotations, one milling and polishing process is completed, and two waiting processes are completed, so that the whole rounding process is completed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:

in the traditional rounding method, the edges at two ends of the blade tenon are mostly rounded by manual pliers, the processed rounding shape is irregular, and the R size is difficult to ensure qualification. The invention solves the problem, and the clamp of the invention is matched to clamp and position the edge plate of the small-size blade, so that the positioning is reliable, the clamping is convenient, the five-axis numerical control rounding machine is adopted to mill and brush the tenon for rounding, the finally processed rounding shape is regular, the size of the rounding R is qualified and stable, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall view of the fixture assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a disassembled view of the clamp of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a three view of the left and right clamp blocks of the clamp of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fixture positioning of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a blade tenon according to the invention;

in the figure, 1, a connecting cap, 2, a support, 3, a left positioning block, 4, a blade, 5, a right clamping block, 6, a rotary support, 7, a shaft and 8, and a locking handle.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications, substitutions and alterations made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art to which this invention pertains are included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the above technical idea of the invention.

The main conception of the invention is that a numerical control rounding machine is used for processing chamfer angles around small-size blade tenons, the rounding machine is provided with two units, namely milling and polishing and brushing, the two units can be processed in a five-axis linkage mode, a probe self-contained by a machine tool is used for detecting the blade tenons before processing, the position of the blade tenons is determined, a milling cutter is used for carrying out multiple feed along the edges of the blade tenons to fit and process the rounding on the edges of parts, and then the rounding machine is rotated to a polishing and brushing unit for polishing and brushing, milling cutter grains are removed, and finally the rounded blades are obtained. In order to match the use of a rounding machine, the invention designs a fixture for rounding aiming at the structural characteristics of small-size blades, and clamps the edge plates of the small-size blades by utilizing a first reference surface A, a second reference surface B, a cylindrical pin C, a third reference surface D and a clamping surface E on the fixture, wherein the first reference surface A, the second reference surface B and the cylindrical pin C are positioned on a left positioning block 3, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E are positioned on a right clamping block 5, and when the right clamping block 5 is close to the left positioning block 3, the edge plates of the blades 4 are clamped, so that the clamping is finished, the clamping process is convenient, and the positioning is reliable.

The fixture is used for five-axis numerical control rounding machine equipment, and the assembly total diagram of the fixture is shown in fig. 1 and 2. The main part of this anchor clamps includes support 2, support 2 wholly is the U-shaped, including left support arm and right support arm, right support arm is the U-shaped, left locating piece 3 passes through two locating pins and a screw (like figure 3) to be installed on the left side of support 2 upper end (i.e. left support arm upper end), it has the pivot hole to open on the right support arm, right clamp block 5 passes through a screwed connection at the rotation post 6 upper end (like figure 3), open there is the through-hole on the rotation post 6, be axle 7 in the through-hole, rotation post 6 passes through axle 7 and support 2's right support arm swivelling joint (hookup location is located right support arm's pivot hole department), open the rotation post 6 lower extreme has the screw thread through-hole, be the screw rod in the screw thread through-hole, locking handle 8 is connected in the one end of screw rod, locking handle 8 and screw rod pass through the pin to be fixed, the screw rod's screw thread is left-handed, the other end extends to hug closely support 2 surface, clockwise rotation locking handle 8 time, rotation post 6 below is ejecting, right clamp block 5 reverse direction (right clamp block 5 is close to left clamp block 5 clamp block 4 in the upper end is located in the rotation post 7 is located in the axle 7, be close to left clamp block 4), connect to the inside 4 is connected to the station through the internal thread on the machine tool base on the connecting station through connecting position.

The positioning schematic diagrams of the clamp are shown in fig. 3 and 4, the outer surface of the basin-facing flange of the blade 4 is positioned on a first reference surface A of the clamp, the side surface of the rear edge flange of the blade 4 is positioned on a second reference surface B of the clamp, the end surface of the basin-facing flange of the blade 4 is positioned on a cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D of the clamp assists in positioning the outer surface of the back-facing flange of the blade 4, and the clamping surface E of the clamp clamps the side surface of the front edge flange of the blade 4. The specific shapes of the left positioning block 3 and the right clamping block 5 are not limited, but the surfaces thereof need to include a first reference surface a, a second reference surface B, a cylindrical pin C, a third reference surface D and a clamping surface E, the spatial positional relationship of the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E is determined according to the shape of the edge plate of the small-sized blade 4 to be rounded, the sizes of the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E are determined according to the size of the edge plate of the small-sized blade 4 to be rounded, in principle, the surface areas of the first reference surface a, the second reference surface B, the cylindrical pin C, the third reference surface D and the clamping surface E are not loosened after clamping, the surface areas in contact with the edge plate are larger, the corresponding friction forces are stronger, the fixing is firmer, but the interference with the processing of the blade 4 cannot be formed. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the first reference surface a of the left positioning block 3 is on the upper surface of a triangular prism, the second reference surface B is on the vertical surface of the left side of the triangular prism, the cylindrical pin C is on the rear side of the triangular prism, the third reference surface D is on the upper surface of a protrusion on the right clamping block 5, and the clamping surface E is on the vertical surface of the right side of the protrusion.

It should be noted that the clamp of the present invention is only applicable to blades 4 having a rectangular shape and a planar outer surface of the platform.

The fixture can be used for replacing the left positioning block 3 and the right clamping block 5 according to different sizes of the blade edge plate, and has good universality.

Taking 4 to 9 stages of rotor blades 4 as an example, the six stages of blades have the same structure, tenons are of arc tooth structures, the flange plate is of a rectangular shape, and the outer surface of the flange plate is a plane, so that the clamping can be carried out by adopting the clamp disclosed by the invention, and the tenons above the blades 4 are higher than the top surface of the clamp due to the fact that the two sides of the flange plate are clamped, and interference does not exist during detection and processing.

When the tenons of the small-size blades are rounded, the fixture is firstly installed on four stations of the five-axis numerical control rounding machine, and the origin of machining is aligned. The five-axis numerical control rounding machine comprises four stations, namely a front station, a rear station, a left station and a right station, wherein the left station is a milling station, the right station is a polishing station, the front station and the rear station are waiting stations, when the left station and the right station are processed simultaneously, an operator needs to install blades 4 on the front station and the rear station, after the processing of the left station and the right station is completed, the operator beats a start button, a machine tool door can be opened, the four stations rotate 90 degrees clockwise simultaneously, at the moment, the front station enters the milling station, the milling station enters the rear station for waiting, the rear station enters the polishing station, the polishing station enters the front station, the operator removes the processed blades 4 from a fixture from the front waiting station, and then installs unprocessed blades 4 into the fixture, and the above steps circulate in turn.

The method for rounding the tenons of small-sized blades comprises the following steps,

firstly, respectively dotting the two sides, the top surface and the front end of the blade tenon by adopting probes to determine the position of the blade tenon;

and step two, milling and rounding the blade tenons of the left side milling station, and polishing and brushing the blade tenons of the right side polishing and brushing station to remove milling cutter lines during milling.

When in machining, the type of blade tenon is divided into a front face and a rear face, the top view of the blade tenon is shown in figure 5, because the front face and the rear face are symmetrical relative to the center of the tenon, the process of rounding the front face and the rear face is the same process, when the front face of the blade tenon is machined, probes are firstly used for dotting on the two sides, the top face and the front end of the tenon, the position of the blade tenon is determined, and then machining is started; when the rear of the tenon is processed and rounded, the station is rotated for 180 degrees, the probe is used for dotting on the tenon again, and after the position of the tenon of the blade is determined, the processing is started again. After the front and rear faces of the tenon are rounded and milled, the station automatically rotates to a polishing and brushing unit to polish and brush the milled knife lines, so that the whole rounding process is completed.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a fixture of processing small-size blade tenon radius, small-size blade's tenon length is not more than 15mm, and the rim plate shape is the rectangle, and the rim plate surface is the plane, its characterized in that: the clamp comprises a clamp body and a clamping device,

a support (2);

the left positioning block (3), the left positioning block (3) is detachably connected with the upper end of the support (2), the left positioning block (3) comprises a first datum plane A, a second datum plane B and a cylindrical pin C, wherein,

the first datum plane A is a plane and is used for positioning the outer surface of the blade basin towards the edge plate;

the second datum plane B is a plane and is used for positioning the side surface of the trailing edge plate of the blade;

the cylindrical pin C is cylindrical and is used for positioning the end face of the blade basin towards the flange plate;

the rotary support (6) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the support (2), and when the rotary support (6) rotates relative to the connection point of the rotary support and the support (2), the upper end of the rotary support (6) is far away from or near to the left positioning block (3);

the right clamping block (5), the right clamping block (5) is detachably connected with the upper end of the rotary support column (6), the right clamping block (5) comprises a third datum plane D and a clamping plane E, wherein,

the third datum plane D is a plane and is used for positioning the outer surface of the blade back to the flange plate;

the clamping surface E is a plane for clamping the blade leading edge panel side.

2. A fixture for machining small-sized blade tenons according to claim 1, wherein: the support (2) is provided with a left support arm and a right support arm, a second interval exists between the left support arm and the right support arm, the upper end of the left support arm is detachably connected with the left positioning block (3), the right support arm is provided with a notch and a rotating shaft hole, the rotating support column (6) extends from the notch to the outside of the notch, and the rotating support column (6) is connected with the rotating shaft hole on the right support arm through a shaft (7).

3. A fixture for machining small-sized blade tenons according to claim 2, wherein: the left positioning block (3) is connected with the upper end of the left support arm through a positioning pin and a screw, and the right clamping block (5) is connected with the upper end of the rotary support column (6) through a screw.

4. A fixture for machining small-sized blade tenons according to claim 2, wherein: the lower end of the rotary support column (6) is provided with a threaded through hole, the axial direction of the threaded through hole is perpendicular to the shaft (7), a screw rod is connected in the threaded through hole, one end of the screw rod is tightly attached to the support (2), and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the locking handle (8).

5. A fixture for machining small-sized blade tenons according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting cap (1) is connected to the lower end of the support (2), and threads are machined on the inner surface of the connecting cap (1) and connected to a rotating base of the machine tool through the threads.

6. A method for rounding tenons of small-size blades, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,

a five-axis numerical control rounding machine is adopted, the five-axis numerical control rounding machine is provided with four stations, namely a front station, a rear station, a left station and a right station, the left station is a milling station, the right station is a polishing and brushing station, the front station and the rear station are waiting stations, and the four stations rotate in sequence;

the fixture of claim 1 is adopted and is installed on four stations of a five-axis numerical control rounding machine, then a flange plate of a small-size blade is clamped on the fixture through a first reference surface A, a second reference surface B, a cylindrical pin C, a third reference surface D and a clamping surface E, and then a machining origin is aligned;

the method also comprises the following steps of,

firstly, respectively dotting two sides, the top surface and the front end of a small-size blade tenon by adopting probes, and determining the position of the blade tenon;

and step two, milling and rounding the small-size blade tenons of the milling station, and polishing and brushing the small-size blade tenons of the polishing and brushing station to remove milling cutter lines at the same time of milling.

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