CN114029354A - Extrusion device for Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar with controllable diameter ratio and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Extrusion device for Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar with controllable diameter ratio and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114029354A CN114029354A CN202111216823.4A CN202111216823A CN114029354A CN 114029354 A CN114029354 A CN 114029354A CN 202111216823 A CN202111216823 A CN 202111216823A CN 114029354 A CN114029354 A CN 114029354A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
- B21C23/24—Covering indefinite lengths of metal or non-metal material with a metal coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion device of a Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar with a controllable diameter ratio and a preparation process thereof. The extrusion device comprises an extrusion die and a traction device, wherein the extrusion die comprises an extrusion cylinder, a flow distribution chamber, an upper die and a lower die which are sequentially connected from top to bottom in the extrusion direction; the two sides of the shunting chamber are provided with first shunting holes which are symmetrically distributed, the upper die is provided with two second shunting holes and a Cu bar feeding channel, and the lower die extrusion nozzle is provided with a welding chamber, a die hole and a blank cutter which are sequentially communicated. The preparation process comprises the following steps: heating the Kovar alloy rod to 9999999 ℃ along with the furnace; and (3) placing the Cu bar in a Cu bar feeding channel and fixedly connecting the Cu bar with a traction device, heating an extrusion die to 4499449 ℃, quickly placing the Kovar alloy bar into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion and shunt till a welding chamber is compounded with the copper bar, then extruding the compound bar through a die hole and a blank knife, and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the compound bar. The preparation process has the advantages of simple process, short flow, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional composite materials, and particularly relates to a controllable diameter ratio Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar extrusion device and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Due to the fact that the transmission rate of 4G communication is high and the signal strength is high, the rapid development of the 4G communication industry puts higher requirements on materials. Cu has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and elasticity, and is widely applied to industries such as electronics, electricity, communication and the like, but the strength of Cu is small; the Kovar alloy has a linear expansion coefficient close to that of hard glass in the temperature range of 29-449 ℃, can meet the sealing requirements of glass or ceramics, and has high strength, but the Kovar alloy has poor electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the Kovar alloy is wrapped on the Cu core to prepare the composite material, so that the composite material has the thermal expansion coefficient of the Kovar alloy and the comprehensive performance of high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity of Cu, and has wide prospect in the field of 4G communication.
At present, the Kovar alloy-Cu composite material is usually realized by adopting a welding method, but the Kovar alloy and the Cu are difficult to adopt a common welding method due to large difference of physical and chemical properties, for example, vacuum brazing is easy to generate large residual stress at a joint, and the mechanical property of the joint is reduced. One of the metal connection methods is hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding, which is a solid state diffusion welding method that uses gas as pressure medium, under proper temperature and pressure, the contact surfaces are tightly adhered by means of local deformation of the material surface, so that the welded surfaces are bonded atomically to form an integral joint.
Researchers have used metal injection molding techniques to make copper-containing Kovar alloys. The invention with the publication number of CN199746444A discloses a copper-containing Kovar alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the copper-containing Kovar alloy is prepared by mixing and melting a Fe source, a Ni source, a Co source and a Cu source to obtain an alloy liquid flow, atomizing the alloy liquid flow to prepare powder to obtain Kovar pre-alloy powder, sieving the Kovar pre-alloy powder, and dry-mixing, feeding and mixing, granulating, injection molding and sintering the sieved Kovar pre-alloy powder. The Kovar alloy-Cu composite material prepared by the method has high density and large fixed expansion temperature range, but the whole preparation process is longer and the cost is higher.
The Kovar alloy-Cu composite material which is prepared by compounding the Kovar alloy with the outer skin and the inner core made of Cu through the processes of hot processing, cold processing, diffusion annealing and the like not only keeps the linear expansion coefficient of the Kovar alloy, but also has high air tightness and good electric and heat conducting properties. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively processing Kovar alloy and Cu into a cylinder and a round rod according to the requirements of a composite process and a composite ratio, turning a copper rod and scraping the inner wall of the Kovar alloy cylinder, embedding the copper rod into the cylinder, vacuumizing and welding, then adopting thermal processing large deformation to force the Kovar alloy and the Cu to fully contact through a die, generating friction and increasing combination, finally annealing a Kovar alloy-Cu sample at the temperature of 749 plus 999 ℃ in vacuum or hydrogen, and preserving heat for 3 hours to prepare the Kovar alloy-Cu composite material with the round Cu core. However, the pretreatment work of the existing composite process is complex and strict, the composite success or failure is seriously influenced, and the whole process flow is long.
In conclusion, the prior art has no effective solution to the problems of complex process, long flow, high cost, strict pretreatment requirement and the like in the preparation process of the Kovar alloy-Cu composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing Kovar alloy-Cu composite material preparation technology, the invention aims to provide an extrusion device of a Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar material with a controllable diameter ratio and a preparation process thereof, and the Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar material is successfully prepared from two materials of Kowar alloy and Cu with large melting point difference and large hot extrusion temperature difference through a simple process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the extrusion device comprises an extrusion die and a traction device, wherein the extrusion die comprises an extrusion barrel, a shunting chamber, an upper die and a lower die which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in the extrusion direction; wherein:
the extrusion cylinder is an initial Kovar alloy bar loading channel;
first flow dividing holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the flow dividing chamber and communicated with the extrusion barrel;
the upper die is provided with two second branch flow holes and a Cu bar feeding channel; the two second branch holes are correspondingly communicated with the two first branch holes, and the second branch holes adopt a tapered design with a small upper part and a large lower part according to the flowing direction, so that the Kovar alloy bar material can smoothly flow; the Cu bar feeding channel comprises a feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and a parallel feeding channel;
the lower die is designed by adopting a detachable extrusion nozzle, the extrusion nozzle is provided with a welding chamber, a die hole and a blank cutter which are sequentially communicated, the welding chamber is respectively communicated with two second branch holes in the upper die and a feed channel parallel to the extrusion direction of the Cu bar, and molten metal flowing out of the upper die directly flows into the welding chamber;
the traction device is fixedly connected with the outer end of the copper bar coming out of the empty cutter opening of the lower die, and applies external force along the extrusion direction to the Cu bar, so that the Cu bar is ensured to only move in the forward direction of the extrusion direction and is always positioned in the center of the extrusion die or the obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar.
According to the scheme, the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction is designed in a variable size mode, the size of the upper portion of the feeding channel in the extrusion direction is the same as that of the feeding channel perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and the size of the lower portion of the feeding channel is the same as that of a Cu core in the finally obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar.
According to the scheme, the welding chamber is designed in a variable size mode, and the size of the lower port is the same as that of the die hole.
According to the scheme, the extrusion cylinder, the flow distribution chamber, the upper die and the lower die in the extrusion die are fixedly connected by adopting the convex-concave edges and the positioning pins.
According to the scheme, the lower end of the Cu rod is fixedly connected with the traction device after coming out of the lower die blank.
According to the scheme, the traction device comprises a guide rail mechanism, a horizontal moving block, a transverse moving block and a locking bolt; the guide rail mechanism comprises a pair of guide rails which are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the horizontal moving block is connected with the guide rails in a sliding fit mode, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the horizontal moving block, the horizontal moving block is connected with the horizontal moving block through the sliding groove, a locking bolt is arranged on the horizontal moving block, and the outer end of a Cu rod coming out of a lower die blank cutter is connected to the horizontal moving block.
According to the scheme, the two parts of the feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and the parallel feeding channel in the Cu feeding channel are in smooth transition connection.
According to the scheme, the welding chamber and the die hole are in smooth transition connection.
According to the scheme, the diameter of the die hole is smaller than that of the blank cutter.
According to the scheme, the outer diameters of the extrusion cylinder, the shunting chamber, the upper die and the lower die are the same.
The preparation process of the Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar with the controllable diameter ratio is provided, the extrusion device is adopted for preparation, and the preparation process specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a Kovar alloy rod with a certain diameter according to the size of a blank hole of the extrusion cylinder, heating the Kovar alloy rod to 9999999 ℃ along with a furnace, and preserving the heat for 394 hours;
s2: processing a Cu bar with a certain diameter according to the size of a Cu feeding channel of an upper die, placing the Cu bar in a feeding channel of the upper die, which is vertical to the extrusion direction, then entering the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction, and fixing the lower end of the Cu bar which passes through a lower die and comes out from a blank knife on a traction device, wherein the traction device applies an external force along the extrusion direction to the Cu bar to ensure that the Cu bar only has positive displacement in the extrusion direction and is always positioned in the center of the lower die or an obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar;
s3: heating the assembled extrusion die to 4499449 ℃, and preserving heat for 394 hours;
s4: rapidly putting the Kovar alloy rod which is well heated and insulated into an extrusion cylinder within less than 3 seconds, then rapidly applying pressure to the Kovar alloy rod within less than 3 seconds, and simultaneously controlling the Cu rod to do slow and uniform motion along the extrusion direction by using a traction device, wherein the advancing speed ratio of the Kovar alloy rod to the Cu rod is 1.493;
s4: when the Kovar alloy reaches the lower die, the Kovar alloy and a copper rod are compounded in a welding chamber to obtain a composite rod material, and then the composite rod material passes through a die hole and is extruded out of a blank cutter;
s6: when the extrusion length of the composite bar reaches the assumed length, stopping extrusion;
s7: and finally carrying out heat treatment on the composite bar to obtain the Cu core composite bar coated with the Kovar alloy with the controllable diameter ratio.
According to the scheme, in the step S1, the temperature rising rate of the Kovar alloy rod is 4-19 ℃/min; in the step S3, the heating rate is 4-19 ℃/min.
According to the scheme, in the step S1, the Kovar alloy rod is subjected to surface grinding and acetone cleaning in advance;
according to the scheme, in the step S2, the surface of the Cu rod is ground and cleaned by acetone in advance.
According to the scheme, in the step S7, the heat treatment conditions are as follows: the holding temperature is 3499499 ℃ and the holding time is 394 hours.
According to the scheme, the total travel time of the Kovar alloy rod in the shunt extrusion device is not more than 19 seconds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a preparation process of a Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar, which aims at different characteristics of Kowar alloy and Cu to adjust devices and processes, strictly controls the exposure time of a Kovar alloy bar and the operation time of the Kovar alloy bar in an extrusion die, successfully prepares two materials of Kowar alloy and Cu with large difference of melting points and large difference of hot extrusion temperatures to obtain the Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar, can simply adjust and control the diameter ratio of the Kovar alloy and the Cu core through size adjustment of a raw material bar and size change of a lower die hole, has simple preparation, short flow and high efficiency, and can meet the requirements of industries such as electronics, electricity, communication and the like on the materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an extrusion die for a Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the extrusion cylinder in the Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite rod extrusion die of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a shunting chamber in the extrusion die for the Kovar alloy-wrapped Cu-core composite bar in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper die in an extrusion die for the Kovar alloy-clad Cu-core composite bar in fig. 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower die in the extrusion die for the Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar in FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion nozzle of the Kovar alloy clad Cu core composite rod extrusion die of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the Kovar alloy clad Cu core composite rod extrusion apparatus in fig. 1.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a Kovar alloy clad Cu core composite rod prepared in an example of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-extrusion cylinder, a 2-shunting chamber, a 3-upper die, a 4-lower die, a 4-Cu rod feeding channel, a 6-Kovar alloy rod initial loading channel, a 7-convex-concave edge, a 9-first shunting hole, a 9-second shunting hole, a 19-extrusion nozzle, a 11-welding chamber, a 12-die hole, a 13-idle knife, a 14-Cu rod, a 14-guide rail, a 16-horizontal moving block, a 17-transverse moving block and a 19-locking bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the embodiments without limiting the scope of protection thereof.
As shown in fig. 1-7, an embodiment of the present invention provides an extrusion apparatus for a Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite rod with a controllable diameter ratio, the extrusion apparatus includes an extrusion cylinder 1, a diversion chamber 2, an upper die 3 and a lower die 4, which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in an extrusion direction; wherein:
the extrusion cylinder 1 is an initial Kovar alloy bar loading channel;
first flow dividing holes 9 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the flow dividing chamber 2, and the first flow dividing holes 9 are communicated with the extrusion container 1;
the upper die 3 is provided with two second branch holes 9 and a Cu bar feeding channel 4; the two second branch holes 9 are correspondingly communicated with the two first branch holes 9, and the second branch holes 9 adopt a tapered design with a small top and a big bottom according to the flow direction; the Cu bar feeding channel 4 comprises a feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and a parallel feeding channel;
the lower mould 4 adopts the design of dismantling the extrusion nozzle 19, the extrusion nozzle 19 is equipped with the seam room 11, the nib 12 and the dead knife 13 that are linked together in proper order, seam room 11 respectively with go up two second reposition of redundant personnel holes 9 in the mould 3 and be linked together with the parallel feed channel of Cu rod extrusion direction.
In one embodiment, the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction is designed in a variable size mode, the size of the upper part of the feeding channel in the extrusion direction is the same as that of the feeding channel perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and the size of the lower part of the feeding channel in the extrusion direction is the same as that of a Cu core in a finally obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar.
In one embodiment, the extrusion cylinder 1, the shunting chamber 2, the upper die 3 and the lower die 4 in the extrusion die are fixedly connected by adopting convex-concave edges and positioning pins; the two parts of the feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and the parallel feeding channel in the Cu feeding channel 4 are in smooth transition connection; the welding chamber 11 and the die hole 12 are connected by smooth transition.
In one embodiment, the welding chamber 11 is designed in a variable size, and the size of a lower port is the same as that of the die hole 12; the diameter of the die hole 12 is smaller than that of the blank cutter 13; the outer diameters of the extrusion container 1, the shunting chamber 2, the upper die 3 and the lower die 4 are the same.
In one embodiment, the extrusion device further comprises a traction device, and the traction device is fixedly connected with the outer end of the copper bar coming out of the empty cutter opening of the lower die. In a preferred embodiment, the traction device comprises a guide rail mechanism 14, a horizontal moving block 16, a transverse moving block 17 and a locking bolt 19; the guide rail mechanism 14 comprises a pair of guide rails which are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the horizontal moving block 16 is connected with the guide rails in a sliding fit mode, the top of the horizontal moving block 16 is provided with a sliding groove, the horizontal moving block 17 is connected with the horizontal moving block 16 through the sliding groove, the horizontal moving block 17 is provided with a locking bolt 19, and the horizontal moving block 17 is connected with the outer end of a Cu rod coming out of a lower die blank cutter.
The following description will be made by specific examples. The sizes of the shunting extrusion dies adopted in the embodiment are respectively as follows: the outer diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 246mm, the thickness of the extrusion cylinder is 199mm, and the diameter of the initial feeding channel of the Kovar alloy is 49 mm; the outer diameter of the shunting chamber is 246mm, the thickness is 12mm, and the first shunting hole is communicated with the Kovar alloy initial feeding channel; the outer diameter of the upper die is 246mm, the thickness of the upper die is 29mm, the second flow dividing chamber is communicated with the first flow dividing chamber, the second flow dividing hole is designed in a conical shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and the diameter of the part, parallel to the extrusion direction, in the Cu feeding channel is 3 mm; the outer diameter of the lower die is 246mm, the thickness of the lower die is 34mm, the outer diameter of the extrusion nozzle is 39mm, the thickness of the extrusion nozzle is 34mm, the diameter of the upper portion of the welding chamber is 39mm, the diameter of the lower portion of the welding chamber is 6mm, the height of the welding chamber is 19mm, the diameter of a die hole is 6mm, the height of the die hole is 9mm, the diameter of an empty cutter is 9mm, and the height of the empty cutter is 4 mm.
Example 1
1. Processing a Kovar alloy rod with the diameter of 49mm according to the size of a blank hole of the extrusion cylinder, after surface polishing and acetone cleaning, heating the Kovar alloy rod to 999 ℃ along with a furnace, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
2. processing a Cu bar with the diameter of 3mm according to the size of a feeding channel of an upper die, placing the Cu bar in the feeding channel of the feeding channel, which is vertical to the extrusion direction, of the upper die after surface polishing and acetone cleaning, then entering the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction, fixing the lower end of the Cu bar, which is discharged from a blank cutter through a lower die, on a traction device, applying an external force along the extrusion direction to the Cu bar by the traction device, ensuring that the Cu bar only has positive displacement in the extrusion direction and is always positioned in the center of the lower die or an obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar;
3. heating the assembled extrusion die (the total thickness is 167mm) to 449 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours;
4. rapidly putting the Kovar alloy rod which is well heated and insulated into an extrusion cylinder within a time of not more than 3 seconds, then rapidly starting extrusion within a time of not more than 3 seconds to apply pressure to the Kovar alloy rod, wherein the moving speed of an extrusion rod is 29 mm/second, and simultaneously controlling a Cu rod to move only along the extrusion direction by using a traction device, wherein the moving speed is 19 mm/second;
4. when the Kovar alloy reaches the lower die, the Kovar alloy and Cu are compounded in a welding chamber to obtain a composite bar, and then the composite bar passes through a die hole and is extruded out of a blank cutter;
6. when the extrusion length of the composite bar reaches the assumed length, stopping extrusion;
7. in order to promote the Kovar alloy and Cu to be fully compounded, the composite bar is subjected to final heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 499 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Example 2
1. Processing a Kovar alloy rod with the diameter of 49mm according to the size of a blank hole of an extrusion cylinder, heating the Kovar alloy rod to 929 ℃ along with a furnace after surface polishing and acetone cleaning, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
2. processing a Cu bar with the diameter of 3mm according to the size of a feeding channel of an upper die, placing the Cu bar in the feeding channel of the feeding channel, which is vertical to the extrusion direction, of the upper die after surface polishing and acetone cleaning, then entering the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction, fixing the lower end of the Cu bar, which is discharged from a blank cutter through a lower die, on a traction device, applying an external force along the extrusion direction to the Cu bar by the traction device, ensuring that the Cu bar only has positive displacement in the extrusion direction and is always positioned in the center of the lower die or an obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar;
3. heating the assembled extrusion die (the total thickness is 167mm) to 449 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours;
4. rapidly putting the Kovar alloy rod which is well heated and insulated into an extrusion cylinder within a time of not more than 3 seconds, then rapidly starting extrusion within a time of not more than 3 seconds to apply pressure to the Kovar alloy rod, wherein the moving speed of an extrusion rod is 24 mm/second, and simultaneously controlling a Cu rod to move only along the extrusion direction by using a traction device, wherein the moving speed is 19 mm/second;
4. when the Kovar alloy reaches the lower die, the Kovar alloy and Cu are compounded in a welding chamber to obtain a composite bar, and then the composite bar passes through a die hole and is extruded out of a blank cutter;
6. when the extrusion length of the composite bar reaches the assumed length, stopping extrusion;
7. in order to promote the Kovar alloy and Cu to be fully compounded, the composite bar is subjected to final heat treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 499 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Claims (10)
1. The extrusion device is characterized by comprising an extrusion die and a traction device, wherein the extrusion die comprises an extrusion barrel, a shunting chamber, an upper die and a lower die which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in the extrusion direction; wherein:
the extrusion cylinder is an initial Kovar alloy bar loading channel;
first flow dividing holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the flow dividing chamber and communicated with the extrusion barrel;
the upper die is provided with two second branch flow holes and a Cu bar feeding channel; the two second branch holes are correspondingly communicated with the two first branch holes, and the second branch holes adopt a tapered design with a small upper part and a big lower part according to the flow direction; the Cu bar feeding channel comprises a feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and a parallel feeding channel;
the lower die is designed by adopting a detachable extrusion nozzle, the extrusion nozzle is provided with a welding chamber, a die hole and a blank cutter which are sequentially communicated, and the welding chamber is respectively communicated with two second branch holes in the upper die and a feed channel parallel to the extrusion direction of the Cu bar;
and the traction device is fixedly connected with the outer end of the copper bar coming out of the empty cutter opening of the lower die.
2. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feed channel parallel to the extrusion direction is of variable dimension design, with an upper dimension in the extrusion direction being the same as the feed channel dimension perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and a lower dimension being the same as the Cu core diameter in the final resultant Kovar alloy clad Cu core composite rod.
3. The extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extrusion cylinder, the distribution chamber, the upper die and the lower die in the extrusion die are fixedly connected by adopting convex-concave edges and positioning pins; the two parts of the feeding channel vertical to the extrusion direction and the parallel feeding channel in the Cu feeding channel are in smooth transition connection; and the welding chamber is connected with the die hole in a smooth transition mode.
4. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said weld chamber is of variable size design with a lower port size equal to said die orifice size; the diameter of the die hole is smaller than that of the blank cutter; the outer diameters of the extrusion cylinder, the flow distribution chamber, the upper die and the lower die are the same.
5. The extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the traction means comprises a guide rail mechanism, a horizontal moving block, a lateral moving block and a locking bolt; the guide rail mechanism comprises a pair of guide rails which are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the horizontal moving block is connected with the guide rails in a sliding fit mode, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the horizontal moving block, the horizontal moving block is connected with the horizontal moving block through the sliding groove, a locking bolt is arranged on the horizontal moving block, and the outer end of a Cu rod coming out of a lower die blank cutter is connected to the horizontal moving block.
6. A process for preparing a Cu-core composite bar with a controllable diameter ratio of Kovar alloy, which is characterized by adopting the extrusion device of any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
s1: processing a Kovar alloy rod with a certain diameter according to the size of a blank hole of the extrusion cylinder, heating the Kovar alloy rod to 9999999 ℃ along with a furnace, and preserving the heat for 394 hours;
s2: processing a Cu bar with a certain diameter according to the size of a Cu feeding channel of an upper die, placing the Cu bar in a feeding channel of the upper die, which is vertical to the extrusion direction, then entering the feeding channel parallel to the extrusion direction, and fixing the outer end of the Cu bar, which passes through the lower die and comes out from a blank cutter, on a traction device, wherein the traction device applies an external force along the extrusion direction to the Cu bar, so that the Cu bar is ensured to only positively displace in the extrusion direction and is always positioned in the center of the lower die or the obtained Kovar alloy wrapped Cu core composite bar;
s3: heating the assembled extrusion device to 4499449 ℃, and preserving heat for 394 hours;
s4: rapidly putting the Kovar alloy rod which is well heated and insulated into an extrusion cylinder within less than 3 seconds, then rapidly applying pressure to the Kovar alloy rod within less than 3 seconds, and simultaneously controlling the Cu rod to do uniform motion along the extrusion direction by using a traction device, wherein the advancing speed ratio of the Kovar alloy rod to the Cu rod is 1.493;
s4: when the Kovar alloy reaches the lower die, the Kovar alloy and the copper rod are compounded in a welding chamber, then pass through a die hole and are extruded out from an empty knife;
s6: when the extrusion length of the composite bar reaches the assumed length, stopping extrusion;
s7: and finally carrying out heat treatment on the composite bar to obtain the Cu core composite bar coated with the Kovar alloy with the controllable diameter ratio.
7. The process according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the Kovar alloy rod heating rate is 4-19 ℃/min; in the step S3, the heating rate is 4-19 ℃/min.
8. The process according to claim 6, wherein in step S7, the heat treatment conditions are as follows: the holding temperature is 3499499 ℃ and the holding time is 394 hours.
9. The process of claim 6, wherein in step S1, the Kovar alloy rod is subjected to surface grinding and acetone cleaning in advance; in the step S2, the Cu rod is subjected to surface polishing and acetone cleaning in advance.
10. The process of claim 6 wherein the total time of travel of the Kovar alloy rod in the split extrusion apparatus is no more than 19 seconds.
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