CN114028551A - 猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及兽用生物制品领域,特别公开了一种猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂及其制备方法与应用。该猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂,其特征为,由体积比为1:1的A液和B液混合制成;其中,A液由以下重量分数的物质组成:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4‑6%、胰蛋白胨1‑2%、海藻糖1‑2%,余量为水;B液由以下重量分数的物质组成:L‑谷氨酸钠1‑2%、葡萄糖6‑8%、聚乙二醇1‑2%、甘氨酸0.1‑0.3%、赖氨酸0.1‑0.3%、精氨酸0.1‑0.3%,余量为水。本发明产品在2‑8℃保存24个月,病毒含量不发生改变,从而解决了猪瘟活疫苗不能在2‑8℃下长期保存和运输的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽用生物制品领域,特别涉及一种猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
冻干保护剂及其制备工艺是活疫苗生产中的一项关键技术,对疫苗的保存、运输和使用有很大影响。目前,在我国兽用疫苗中,活的冻干疫苗占相当大的比例,国内常用的保护剂主要为脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、明胶等,组方简单,对疫苗的保护功能差,需要在-15℃以下低温保存,在2-8℃条件下,保存期只有4-6个月。这给生产厂家及使用者造成很大不便,加上国内传统的生物制品保护剂的研制相对滞后,使成品疫苗的长期保存和运输受限,所以,耐热冻干保护剂的研究是非常急需的。在20世纪80年代,发达国家就已经开始进行耐热冻干保护剂的研究,我国在耐热冻干保护剂方面的研究起步较晚,加上中国市场巨大,国外生物制品涌入,市场竞争加剧。为了我国生物制品也的生存和发展,新型有效的耐热冻干保护剂的研究和应用显得尤为迫切。
耐热冻干保护剂与常规的冻干保护剂相比,其冻干疫苗具有耐高温、保存期长的特点,因而耐热保护剂的性能要比传统保护剂更为优良,使活疫苗可在有效期内保存在2-8℃条件下,即使在较高的室温下也可以保存几十天,因此使活疫苗的储存、运输和使用都更方便、经济。
目前常用的猪瘟活疫苗冻干保护剂组方简单,大多含有蔗糖、明胶、牛血清白蛋白、水解乳蛋白等成分,但临床上已发现注射冻干疫苗时由明胶和外源蛋白引起的过敏等副作用;此外,传统的保护剂耐热性能差,需要在冷冻条件下-15℃才能长期保存。因此研制一种配制方法简单、成本低、不含明胶,能够大规模生产、具有良好保护性能的猪瘟活疫苗耐热冻干保护剂久显得尤为迫切。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种生产成本低、制备简单、性能稳定的猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂及其制备方法与应用。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂,其特征在于:由体积比为1:1的A液和B液混合制成;
其中,A液由以下重量分数的物质组成:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)4-6%、胰蛋白胨1-2%、海藻糖1-2%,余量为水;
B液由以下重量分数的物质组成:L-谷氨酸钠1-2%、葡萄糖6-8%、聚乙二醇(PEG)1-2%、甘氨酸0.1-0.3%、赖氨酸0.1-0.3%、精氨酸0.1-0.3%,余量为水。
进一步优选的,所述A液和B液中的水为注射用水。
本发明的耐热保护剂不添加明胶及动物园蛋白,解决了猪瘟活疫苗不能再2-8℃下长期保存和运输的技术问题,配置方法简单,成本低,能够大规模生产,具有良好保护性能。
上述猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、胰蛋白胨、海藻糖溶解在水中,灭菌得到A液;
(2)将L-谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖、聚乙二醇、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸溶解在水中,过滤除菌得到B液;
(3)将配置好的A液和B液按1:1的体积比混合在一起,即得产品。
进一步优选的,步骤(1)中,灭菌条件为116℃下,高压灭菌30min。
进一步优选的,步骤(2)中,过滤除菌采用0.22μm滤膜过滤。
上述猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂的应用,将耐热保护剂与猪瘟病毒液按照1:1的体积比混合,然后分装后冷冻干燥。
进一步优选的,所述冷冻干燥时间不少于25小时。
本发明最大的优点是解决了现有的耐热保护剂中明胶的添加及普遍存在的成分复杂和成本高等缺陷,具有耐热性能好、能有效保护猪瘟活疫苗,配方成分及配制方法简单,生产成本低,在任何生物制品厂都完全可以实现量产等优点。
本发明的保护剂保护的疫苗在2-8℃保存24个月,仍保持冻干后的外形,病毒含量超过国家收益生物制品规程的标准。冻干前后病毒损失率第,冻干产品耐老化程度高,产品在2-8℃保存24个月,病毒含量不发生改变,从而解决了猪瘟活疫苗不能在2-8℃下长期保存和运输的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1:耐热冻干保护剂的制备
A液的配制:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)6g、胰蛋白胨1g、海藻糖1g溶解在100ml注射水中,采用116℃,30分钟高压灭菌;
B液的配制:L-谷氨酸钠2g、葡萄糖7g、聚乙二醇(PEG)1g、甘氨酸0.1g、赖氨酸0.2g、精氨酸0.3g充分溶解在100ml注射水中,采用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌;
将A液与B液按照1:1的体积比混合均匀,即得本发明耐热冻干保护剂。
实施例2:耐热冻干保护剂的制备
A液的配制:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)5g、胰蛋白胨1.5g、海藻糖2g溶解在100ml注射水中,采用116℃,30分钟高压灭菌;
B液的配制:L-谷氨酸钠1.5g、葡萄糖6g、聚乙二醇(PEG)2g、甘氨酸0.2g、赖氨酸0.3g、精氨酸0.1g充分溶解在100ml注射水中,采用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌;
将A液与B液按照1:1的体积比混合均匀,即得本发明耐热冻干保护剂。
实施例3:耐热冻干保护剂的制备
A液的配制:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)4g、胰蛋白胨2g、海藻糖2g溶解在100ml注射水中,采用116℃,30分钟高压灭菌;
B液的配制:L-谷氨酸钠1g、葡萄糖8g、聚乙二醇(PEG)1.5g、甘氨酸0.3g、赖氨酸0.1g、精氨酸0.2g充分溶解在100ml注射水中,采用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌;
将A液与B液按照1:1的体积比混合均匀,即得本发明耐热冻干保护剂。
试验例1:本发明耐热冻干保护剂对猪瘟活疫苗的保护效力试验
1.试验材料
1.1毒株
猪瘟病毒(C株),购自中国兽医药品监察所;
1.2试剂,购自国药集团、Gibco和Sigma公司。
2.试验疫苗的制备
试验疫苗分为A、B、C、D四个组别,其中各组试验疫苗的制备方法如下:
A、B、C组试验疫苗按照实施例1、2、3的三个配方的冻干保护剂分别与猪瘟病毒液混合,无菌分装于西林瓶中,每组分别试验01、02、03三个批次。-40℃预冻3小时后,启动真空泵,达最大真空后启动加热装置,一次升华温度设定为-10℃,用时在17小时以内,二次干燥温度设定为25℃,用时在5小时左右。
D组试验疫苗:用常规5%蔗糖脱脂乳配制的保护剂(蔗糖5g,脱脂奶粉10g,加注射水至100ml)与猪瘟病毒液混合后,无菌分装于西林瓶中,试验01、02、03三个批次。-40℃预冻3小时后,启动真空泵,达最大真空后启动加热装置,一次升华温度设定为-10℃,用时在17小时以内,二次干燥温度设定为25℃,用时在5小时左右。
3.试验组制品技术参数及检验方法
3.1产品的物理性状、无菌检验、支原体检验、外源病毒检验、特异性检验、安全检验、剩余水分测定和真空度测定按《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》的方法及标准进行。
3.2病毒含量测定方法及标准:以兔体反应热(RID)作为衡量疫苗效价的标准。效价测定方法按照《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》猪瘟活疫苗效价检测方法进行。
猪瘟冻干疫苗的标准:
(1)冻干后每头份病毒含量≥7500RID;
(2)冻干后制品放于37℃保存10天进行病毒含量测定,病毒含量≥750RID;
(3)冻干后制品放于2~8℃保存24个月,每头份病毒含量≥750RID。
4.试验结果
表1 猪瘟活疫苗的物理性状、剩余水分、真空度测定结果
从表1可以看出,疫苗的物理性状、剩余水分和真空度均符合《中华人民共和国兽药典》附录的规定,且剩余水分比普通脱脂奶粉保护剂的疫苗略低。
表2 37℃保存10d后病毒含量测定结果(RID/头份)
从表2可以看出,A、B、C三组耐热冻干保护剂在37℃保存10天后病毒含量仍在合格标准以上,普通脱脂奶粉保护剂则低于标准,因此本发明耐热冻干保护剂的耐热性能优于脱脂奶粉保护剂。
表3 2-8℃保存不同时间病毒含量测定结果(RID/头份)
从表3可以看出,猪瘟耐热冻干保护剂疫苗在2-8℃保存24个月,病毒含量仍在合格标准以内,脱脂奶粉保护剂疫苗则18个月时毒价低于合格标准。
表4 耐热冻干保护剂的安全性试验
耐热冻干保护剂的安全性动物试验方法和研究的指标:
临床观察:在接种后的24h内,每隔2h观察一次仔猪有无不良反应;48h-72h,每隔8h观察一次仔猪有无不良反应;接种后3-14d内,每24h观察有无不良反应。如有非特异性死亡,免疫组与对照组均应不超过1头。
结果:采用耐热冻干保护剂的疫苗A、B、C组分别按照1头份、5头份以及10头份剂量免疫20日龄仔猪后;使用冻干保护剂按照10头份和50头份免疫20日龄仔猪后;所有猪只精神状况、采食、饮水、生长发育情况均正常,均未发现不良反应。因此本发明耐热冻干保护剂对猪只是安全的。
从以上试验结果可以看出,在2-8℃温度条件下,本发明耐热冻干保护剂对猪瘟活疫苗的保护效果,明显优于常规的5%蔗糖脱脂乳配制的保护剂。37℃放置10天后的病毒含量明显优于常规的5%蔗糖脱脂乳配制的保护剂。
试验结果说明,采用本发明耐热保护剂所配制的猪瘟活疫苗耐热性能良好,本发明耐热冻干保护剂对猪瘟活疫苗具有良好的保护效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改,等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂,其特征为,由体积比为1:1的A液和B液混合制成;其中,A液由以下重量分数的物质组成:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4-6%、胰蛋白胨1-2%、海藻糖1-2%,余量为水;B液由以下重量分数的物质组成:L-谷氨酸钠1-2%、葡萄糖6-8%、聚乙二醇1-2%、甘氨酸0.1-0.3%、赖氨酸0.1-0.3%、精氨酸0.1-0.3%,余量为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂,其特征在于:所述A液和B液中的水为注射用水。
3.如权利要求1所述的猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂的制备方法,其特征为,包括如下步骤:(1)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、胰蛋白胨、海藻糖溶解在水中,灭菌得到A液;(2)将L-谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖、聚乙二醇、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸溶解在水中,过滤除菌得到B液;(3)将配置好的A液和B液按1:1的体积比混合在一起,即得产品。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,灭菌条件为116℃下,高压灭菌30min。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,过滤除菌采用0.22μm滤膜过滤。
6.如权利要求1所述的猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂的应用,其特征在于:将耐热保护剂与猪瘟病毒液按照1:1的体积比混合,然后分装后冷冻干燥。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述冷冻干燥时间不少于25小时。
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