CN114026067A - 用于治疗冠状病毒和小核糖核酸病毒感染的肽模拟物 - Google Patents
用于治疗冠状病毒和小核糖核酸病毒感染的肽模拟物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114026067A CN114026067A CN202080041745.6A CN202080041745A CN114026067A CN 114026067 A CN114026067 A CN 114026067A CN 202080041745 A CN202080041745 A CN 202080041745A CN 114026067 A CN114026067 A CN 114026067A
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- A61K31/4015—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. piracetam, ethosuximide
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- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract
用于预防、治疗或治愈人类受试者或其他动物宿主中冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的化合物、组合物和方法。可以治疗的特定病毒包括肠道病毒。在一个实施方案中,该化合物可用于治疗严重急性呼吸综合征病毒感染,如人冠状病毒229E、SARS、MERS、SARS‑CoV‑1(OC43)、和SARS‑CoV‑2。在另一个实施方案中,该方法用于治疗共感染两种或多种这些病毒或一种或多种这些病毒和诺如病毒的组合的患者。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2019年6月5日提交的名称为“用于治疗冠状病毒和小核糖核酸病毒感染的肽模拟物”的美国临时申请62/857,674的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于预防、治疗和/或治愈冠状病毒感染(包括肠道病毒感染)的化合物、方法和组合物。更具体地,本发明描述了特异性修饰的肽模拟物(peptidomimetic)、其药学上可接受的盐或其它衍生物,及其在治疗这些感染中的用途。
背景技术
冠状病毒是冠状病毒科冠状病毒亚科的一种病毒,是一种包膜病毒,具有正义单链RNA基因组和螺旋对称的核衣壳。
冠状病毒主要感染哺乳动物和鸟类的上呼吸道和胃肠道,但几种已知的毒株也感染人类。冠状病毒被认为在人类成人和儿童中引起相当大比例的普通感冒。
冠状病毒,包括OC43病毒,主要在冬季和早春季节引起人类感冒,主要症状是例如发烧、喉咙充血和腺样体。冠状病毒也能引起肺炎(或者是直接病毒性肺炎,或者是继发性细菌性肺炎)、支气管炎(或者是直接病毒性支气管炎,或者是继发性细菌性支气管炎)以及严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)。
冠状病毒还会在农场动物和家养宠物中引起一系列疾病,其中一些可能会很严重,并对农业造成威胁。鸡的传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)是一种冠状病毒,不仅针对呼吸道,也针对泌尿生殖道。这种病毒可以传遍鸡的不同器官。
农场动物的重要冠状病毒包括猪冠状病毒(传染性胃肠炎冠状病毒,TGE)和牛冠状病毒,这两种病毒都会导致幼小动物腹泻。猫冠状病毒:两种形式,猫肠冠状病毒是一种临床意义不大的病原体,但这种病毒的自发突变可导致猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP),这是一种与高死亡率相关的疾病。犬冠状病毒(CCoV)有两种类型,一种会导致轻度胃肠道疾病,另一种被发现会导致呼吸道疾病。小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)是一种冠状病毒,可引起流行性鼠疾病,死亡率很高,尤其是在实验室小鼠群体中。
一些MHV菌株在小鼠中引起进行性脱髓鞘性脑炎,被用作多发性硬化症的鼠模型。
正在流行的2019-2020年冠状病毒疫情对美国和世界的健康和经济造成了双重威胁。COVID-19是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的。这种疾病的常见症状包括发热(88%)、干咳(68%)、气短(19%)和嗅觉丧失(15%至30%)。并发症可能包括肺炎、病毒性败血症、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、腹泻、肾病、心脏问题和脑炎。截至2020年6月,全球感染总数超过400万,至少102,753人死亡,根据约翰霍普金斯大学冠状病毒资源中心的数据,美国近200万人冠状病毒检测呈阳性,超过10万人死于这种疾病。200多个国家记录了这种疾病的本地传播。风险因素包括旅行和病毒暴露,社交距离和隔离有助于预防。
肠道病毒是小核糖核酸病毒科的成员,小核糖核酸病毒科是一大类多样的小RNA病毒,以单个正链基因组RNA为特征,与几种人类和哺乳动物疾病有关。肠道病毒以其通过肠道的传播途径命名(enteric表示肠道的)。根据肠道病毒在人类和动物中的发病机制,肠道病毒最初被分为四类:脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇A病毒(Coxsackie A,CA)、柯萨奇B病毒(CB)和埃可病毒(echoviruses),不过最近分离的肠道病毒是用连续数字系统命名的,例如EV68、EV69、EV70、EV71等。
肠道病毒每年影响全球数百万人,通常在感染者的呼吸道分泌物(如唾液、痰或鼻涕)和粪便中发现。历史上,脊髓灰质炎是由肠道病毒,即脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的最重要的疾病。
脊髓灰质炎病毒以及柯萨奇病毒和埃可病毒通过粪-口途径传播。感染可导致多种症状,包括:轻度呼吸道疾病(普通感冒)、手足口病、急性出血性结膜炎、无菌性脑膜炎、心肌炎、严重新生儿败血症样疾病、急性弛缓性麻痹以及相关的急性弛缓性脊髓炎。
目前对这些感染的治疗主要是支持性的,尽量减少症状,而非治疗根本的病毒感染。例如,患者可以用止痛剂治疗以减轻疼痛,肠病毒心脏炎患者可以治疗并发症,如心律失常、心包积液和心力衰竭。
提供新的抗病毒剂、包括这些药剂的组合物以及使用这些药剂治疗冠状病毒和小核糖核酸病毒的治疗方法将是有利的。本发明提供了这样的药剂、组合物和方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于预防、治疗和/或治愈宿主中由冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒(例如,肠道病毒或鼻病毒)和/或肝炎病毒科病毒(例如,戊型肝炎)引起的感染,或降低这些病毒感染在宿主中的活性的化合物、方法和组合物。在一些实施方案中,宿主是人,而在其它实施方案中,宿主是动物,例如猫或狗。人和兽医实施方案都在本文所述方法的范围内。
所述方法涉及施用治疗有效量或预防有效量的至少一种如本文所述的化合物,以治疗、治愈或预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或施用足以降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的量。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物用于治疗患有多种病毒感染的患者,例如戊型肝炎和肠道病毒(EV)。这些化合物还可用于治疗诺如病毒(noV)感染,因此病毒感染的组合除了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒外,还可包括noV。
药物组合物包括一种或多种本文所述的化合物,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,用于治疗感染冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒的宿主。制剂可进一步包括至少一种其他治疗剂。此外,本发明包括制备这些化合物的方法。
在一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,特别包括–CH2-萘基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基,例如-CH2-(4-羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,例如–CH2-(4-卤素)苯基,包括–CH2-(氟)苯基,特别是,–CH2-(4-氟)苯基。烷基芳基和烷基杂芳基是优选的变量。
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R5是-C(O)H、CH=C(CN)C(O)NH2、-C(O)CF3、-CH(OH)CF3、-C(OH)SO3 -(和一种缔合阳离子,例如Na+)、或任选取代的环氧化物环,优选是–C(O)H,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,且在一个实施方案中,全都是H,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
m、n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如上所述。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如上所述。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
在另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
其中R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如上所述,且R1是五或六元环杂芳基,
及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中Cbz=苄氧羰基(carbobenzoxy),且R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如上所述。
在式I-VI化合物的另一个实施方案中,
其中R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8和R9独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,条件是R8和R9中的一个不是H,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2或3
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,X是O,R2和R2’是H,R1是任选取代的苯基。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,X=共价键,p=0,并且R1是任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,杂芳基环是吡嗪、噻吩、异噁唑或噁唑环。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,R3是苯基、卤代苯基或萘基。
代表性的化合物包括以下:
具体实施方式
在一个实施方案中,公开了可用于治疗、预防或治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的化合物和组合物。还公开了用于治疗、预防或治愈冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的方法。
本文所述的化合物在基于细胞的测定中显示出对肠道病毒的抑制活性。因此,所述化合物可用于治疗或预防宿主中的肠道病毒,或降低病毒的生物学活性。宿主可以是感染肠道病毒的哺乳动物,特别是人。这些方法涉及施用有效量的一种或多种本文所述的化合物。
还公开了药物制剂,其包含一种或多种本文所述的化合物,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。在一个实施方案中,制剂包括至少一种本文所述的化合物和至少一种其他治疗剂。
参考以下定义将更好地理解本发明:
I.定义
术语“独立地”在本文中用于表示独立应用的变量因应用情况而独立变化。因此,在诸如其中R”“独立地为碳或氮”的R”XYR”的化合物中,两个R”可以都是碳,两个R”可以都是氮,或者一个R”可以是碳,另一个R”可以是氮。
如本文所用,术语“对映异构体纯的”是指包含至少约95%,优选约97%、98%、99%或100%的该化合物的单一对映异构体的化合物组合物。
如本文所用,术语“基本上不含”或“基本上不存在”是指包含至少85%至90%重量,优选95%至98%重量,甚至更优选地,99%至100%重量的该化合物的指定对映异构体的化合物组合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,本文所述的化合物基本上不含对映异构体。
类似地,术语“分离的”是指这样的化合物组合物,其包含至少85%至90%重量,优选95%至98%重量,甚至更优选地,99%至100%重量的化合物,其余包含其他化学物质或对映异构体。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的术语“烷基”是指饱和的直链、支链或环状伯、仲或叔烃,包括取代和未取代的烷基。烷基可以任选地被不另外干扰反应或者提供该方法的改进的任意部分取代,包括但不限于卤素、卤代烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸、膦酸酯,其是未受保护的或视需要受到保护的,如本领域技术人员已知的,例如如Greene等人,Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons,第二版,1991所教导的,在此通过引用并入。具体包括CF3和CH2CF3。
在本文中,每当使用术语C(烷基范围)时,该术语独立地包括该类的每个成员,如同具体地、单独地列出一样。术语“烷基”包括C1-22烷基部分,术语“低级烷基”包括C1-6烷基部分。本领域普通技术人员应理解,相关的烷基基团通过用后缀“-基(-yl)”代替后缀“-烷(-ane)”来命名。
如本文所用,“桥连烷基(bridged alkyl)”是指双环或三环烷烃,例如,2:1:1双环己烷。
如本文所用,“螺烷基(spiro alkyl)”是指连接在单个(季)碳原子上的两个环。
术语“烯基”是指不饱和的烃基,为直链或支链,只要它含有一个或多个双键即可。本文公开的烯基基团可以任选地被对反应过程无不利影响的任意部分取代,包括但不限于对烷基部分上的取代基所描述的那些。烯基基团的非限制性实例包括乙烯、甲基乙烯、异亚丙基、1,2-乙烷-二基、1,1-乙烷-二基、1,3-丙烷-二基、1,2-丙烷-二基、1,3-丁烷-二基和1,4-丁烷-二基。
术语“炔基”是指不饱和的无环烃基,为直链或支链,只要它含有一个或多个三键即可。炔基可以任选地被对反应过程无不利影响的任意部分取代,包括但不限于上述对烷基部分描述的那些。合适的炔基基团的非限制性实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、羟丙炔基、丁炔-1-基、丁炔-2-基、戊炔-1-基、戊炔-2-基、4-甲氧基戊炔-2-基、3-甲基丁炔-1-基、己炔-1-基、己炔-2-基和己炔-3-基、3,3-二甲基丁炔-1-基。
术语“烷基氨基”或“芳基氨基”分别指具有一个或两个烷基或芳基取代基的氨基。
除非另外定义,否则本文所用的术语“受保护的”是指加到氧、氮或磷原子以防止其进一步反应或用于其它目的的基团。多种氧和氮保护基团是有机合成领域技术人员已知的,描述于例如Greene等人,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,同上。
单独或组合使用的术语“芳基”是指含有一个、两个或三个环的碳环芳族体系,其中这些环可以以悬垂方式连接在一起或者可以稠合。芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基、联苯基或萘基,或从芳环除去氢后保留的其它芳族基团。术语芳基包括取代和未取代的部分。芳基基团可以任选地被对过程无不利影响的任意部分取代,包括但不限于上述对烷基部分所描述的那些。取代的芳基的非限制性实例包括杂芳基氨基、N-芳基-N-烷基氨基、N-杂芳基氨基-N-烷基氨基、杂芳烷氧基、芳基氨基、芳烷基氨基、芳硫基、单芳基酰氨磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰氨基、二芳基酰氨磺酰基、单芳基酰氨基磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、杂芳基硫基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、芳酰基、杂芳酰基、芳烷酰基、杂芳烷酰基、羟基芳烷基、羟基杂芳烷基、卤代烷氧基烷基、芳基、芳烷基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、芳氧基烷基、饱和杂环基、部分饱和的杂环基、杂芳基、杂芳氧基、杂芳氧基烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基烷基、芳基烯基和杂芳基烯、芳烷氧羰基(carboaralkoxy)。
术语“烷芳基”或“烷基芳基”是指具有芳基取代基的烷基。术语“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”是指具有烷基取代基的芳基。
本文所用的术语“卤素”包括氯、溴、碘和氟。
术语“酰基”是指一种羧酸酯,其中酯基团的非羰基部分选自由以下组成的组:直链、支链或环状烷基或低级烷基,烷氧基烷基(包括但不限于甲氧基甲基),芳烷基(包括但不限于苄基),芳氧基烷基(如苯氧基甲基),芳基(包括但不限于苯基),其任选地被以下取代:卤素(F、Cl、Br或I),烷基(包括但不限于C1、C2、C3和C4)或烷氧基(包括但不限于C1、C2、C3和C4),磺酸酯(如烷基或芳烷基磺酰基,包括但不限于甲磺酰基),单、二或三磷酸酯,三苯甲基或单甲氧基三苯甲基,取代的苄基,三烷基甲硅烷基(例如二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷基)或二苯基甲基甲硅烷基。酯中的芳基基团最佳地包含苯基基团。术语“低级酰基”是指这样一种酰基基团,其中非羰基部分是低级烷基。
术语“烷氧基”和“烷氧基烷基”包括具有烷基部分的直链或支链含氧基团,例如甲氧基。术语“烷氧基烷基”还包括具有一个或多个与烷基连接的烷氧基的烷基,即,形成单烷氧基烷基和二烷氧基烷基。“烷氧基”基团可以进一步被一个或多个卤原子取代,例如氟、氯或溴,以提供“卤代烷氧基”基团。这些基团的实例包括氟甲氧基、氯甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、氟乙氧基、四氟乙氧基、五氟乙氧基和氟丙氧基。
术语“烷基氨基”表示分别含有一个或两个与氨基连接的烷基的“单烷基氨基”和“二烷基氨基”。术语芳基氨基表示分别含有一个或两个与氨基基团连接的芳基基团的“单芳基氨基”和“二芳基氨基”。术语“芳烷基氨基”包括与氨基基团连接的芳烷基基团。术语芳烷基氨基表示分别含有一个或两个与氨基连接的芳烷基的“单芳烷基氨基”和“二芳烷基氨基”。术语芳烷基氨基还表示含有与氨基基团连接的一个芳烷基基团和一个烷基基团的“单芳烷基单烷基氨基”。
如本文所用的术语“杂原子”是指氧、硫、氮和磷。
如本文所用的术语“杂芳基”或“杂芳族”是指芳环中包含至少一个硫、氧、氮或磷的芳族化合物。
术语“杂环”、“杂环基”和环杂烷基是指非芳族环状基团,其中在环中存在至少一个杂原子,例如氧、硫、氮或磷。
杂芳基和杂环基团的非限制性实例包括呋喃基(furyl)、呋喃基(furanyl)、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、四唑基、吡嗪基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并呋喃基、吡唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、嘌呤基、咔唑基、恶唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、异恶唑基、吡咯基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基(cinnolinyl)、酞嗪基、黄嘌呤基(xanthinyl)、次黄嘌呤基(hypoxanthinyl)、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、异吡咯、吡唑、咪唑、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、恶唑、异恶唑、噻唑、异噻唑、嘧啶或哒嗪和蝶啶基、氮丙啶、噻唑、异噻唑、1,2,3-恶二唑、噻嗪、吡啶、吡嗪、哌嗪、吡咯烷、氧氮杂环丙烷(oxazirane)、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吗啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹喔啉基、黄嘌呤基、次黄嘌呤基、蝶啶基、5-氮杂胞苷基(5-azacytidinyl)、5-氮杂尿嘧啶基(5-azauracilyl)、三唑并吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、吡咯并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、腺嘌呤、N6-烷基嘌呤、N6-苄基嘌呤、N6-卤代嘌呤、N6-乙烯基嘌呤(vinypurine)、N6-炔嘌呤、N6-酰基嘌呤、N6-羟烷基嘌呤、N6-硫代烷基嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶、6-氮杂嘧啶、2-巯基嘧啶、尿嘧啶、N5-烷基嘧啶、N5-苄基嘧啶、N5-卤代嘧啶、N5-乙烯基嘧啶、N5-炔嘧啶、N5-酰基嘧啶、N5-羟烷基嘌呤和N6-硫代烷基嘌呤和异恶唑基。杂芳族基团可以任选地被取代,如以上对于芳基所述。杂环或杂芳族基团可任选地被一个或多个选自卤素、卤代烷基、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、羧基衍生物、酰氨基、氨基、烷基氨基和二烷基氨基的取代基取代。杂芳族化合物可根据需要部分或完全氢化。作为非限制性实例,可以使用二氢吡啶代替吡啶。可以根据需要或期望保护杂环或杂芳基上的官能氧和氮基团。合适的保护基团是本领域技术人员熟知的,包括三甲基甲硅烷基、二甲基己基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基和叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基、三苯甲基或取代的三苯甲基、烷基、酰基如乙酰基和丙酰基、甲磺酰基和对甲苯磺酰基。杂环或杂芳族基团可以被对反应无不利影响的任意部分取代,包括但不限于上述对于芳基所描述的那些。
如本文所用的术语“宿主”是指病毒可以在其中复制的单细胞或多细胞生物体,包括但不限于细胞系和动物,并且优选是人。或者,宿主可以携带病毒基因组的一部分,其复制或功能可以被本发明的化合物改变。术语宿主特别是指感染的细胞,用全部或部分病毒基因组转染的细胞,和动物,特别是灵长类动物(包括但不限于黑猩猩)和人类。在本发明的大多数动物应用中,宿主是人类。然而,在某些适应症中,本发明清楚地考虑兽医应用(例如用于治疗黑猩猩)。
术语“肽”是指含有2至100个氨基酸的天然或合成化合物,这些氨基酸通过一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个氨基酸的氨基连接。
在整个说明书中使用术语“药学上可接受的盐或前药”来描述化合物的任意药学上可接受的形式(例如酯),在向患者施用后,其提供该化合物。
这些化合物也可以以水溶性前药的形式制备。水溶性前药对本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的,包括例如在Bundgaard等人"A novel solution-stable,water-solubleprodrug type for drugs containing a hydroxyl or an NH-acidic group,"J.Med.Chem.32(12):2503-2507,1989、Matsumoto等人Bioorganic&Medicinal ChemistryLetters,Vol.11,Issue 4,26February 2001,Pages 605-609、及Stella等人“Prodrugstrategies to overcome poor water solubility,”Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,Volume 59,Issue 7,30July 2007,Pages 677-694中公开的那些。
顾名思义,水溶性前体药物是利用药物的水溶性来配制的,并且为了增强口服药物递送,通常包括向母体化合物中加入可电离的前体基团(如磷酸酯、羧酸酯或磺酸酯基团)。水溶性酯前药可以改善含有羟基的难溶性药物的水溶性。最常用于形成前药的酯是那些含有可电离基团的酯,如二羧酸半酯。磷酸酯,如羟甲基磷酸酯(OMP)和羟乙基磷酸酯(OEP)前药,提供了一种提高许多难溶性药物口服生物利用度的方法。聚乙二醇化的前药,无论是直接加入还是通过间隔物加入,如氨基酸间隔物(Feng等人Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry Letters,Volume 12,Issue 22,18November 2002,Pages 3301-3303),也可以增加水溶性。
药学上可接受的盐包括衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱和无机酸或有机碱和有机酸的盐。合适的盐包括衍生自碱金属如钾和钠、碱土金属如钙和镁以及制药领域熟知的许多其它酸的盐。
在整个说明书中使用术语“药学上可接受的盐或前药”来描述化合物的任意药学上可接受的形式(例如酯),在向患者施用后,其提供该化合物。药学上可接受的盐包括衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱和无机酸或有机碱和有机酸的盐。合适的盐包括衍生自碱金属如钾和钠、碱土金属如钙和镁以及制药领域熟知的许多其它酸的盐。药学上可接受的前药是指在宿主中被代谢(例如被水解或氧化)以形成本发明化合物的化合物。前药的典型实例包括在活性化合物的功能部分上具有生物学上不稳定的保护基团的化合物。前药包括可被氧化、还原、胺化、脱氨基、羟基化、脱羟基化、水解、脱水、烷基化、脱烷基化、酰化、脱酰化、磷酸化或去磷酸化以产生活性化合物的化合物。本发明化合物的前药形式可以具有抗病毒活性,可以被代谢形成表现出这种活性的化合物,或二者兼具。
II.活性化合物
冠状病毒是冠状病毒科冠状病毒亚科的一种病毒,是一种包膜病毒,具有正义单链RNA基因组和螺旋对称的核衣壳。
小核糖核酸病毒属于小核糖核酸病毒科,是无包膜的正链RNA病毒。代表性的小核糖核酸病毒包括肠道病毒(包括鼻病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒)、口疮病毒、心脏病毒和肝病毒属(Hepatovirus genera)。
肝炎病毒科的病毒是单个正链RNA病毒,该科包括戊型肝炎病毒。
本文描述的化合物对这些病毒中的每一种都有活性。
肠道病毒感染被认为与多发性硬化(MS)有关,因为这些病毒的感染会导致脱髓鞘。因此,本文所述的化合物可用于治疗或预防全部或部分由肠道病毒感染引起的多发性硬化。
虽然不希望受特定理论的束缚,但据信这些化合物能有效抑制病毒蛋白酶(例如冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶、小核糖核酸病毒3C蛋白酶或Picornain 3C蛋白酶),这至少是它们对抗这些病毒的部分原因。
在一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,特别包括–CH2--萘基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基,例如-CH2-(4-羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,例如–CH2-(4-卤素)苯基,包括–CH2-(氟)苯基,特别是,–CH2-(4-氟)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R5是-C(O)H、CH=C(CN)C(O)NH2、-C(O)CF3、-CH(OH)CF3、-C(OH)SO3 -(和一种缔合阳离子,例如Na+)、或任选取代的环氧化物环,优选是–C(O)H,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,且在一个实施方案中,全都是H,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
m、n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如上所述。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如上所述。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
在另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
其中R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如上所述,且R1是五或六元环杂芳基,
及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中Cbz=苄氧羰基,且R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如上所述。
在式I-VI化合物的另一个实施方案中,
其中R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,和R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,和R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2或3
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在又另一个实施方案中,化合物具有下式:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
和R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,X是O,R2和R2’是H,R1是任选取代的苯基。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,X=共价键,p=0,并且R1是任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,杂芳基环是吡嗪、噻吩、异噁唑或噁唑环。
在式I-X中任一个的某些实施方案中,R3是苯基、卤代苯基或萘基。
代表性的化合物包括以下:
代表性化合物还包括以下:
及其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
优选的化合物包括以下:
其他化合物包括以下:
III.立体异构现象和多晶型现象
本文所述的化合物可具有不对称中心,可以以外消旋体、外消旋混合物、单独的非对映异构体或对映异构体存在,所有异构形式均包括在本发明中。具有手性中心的本发明化合物可以以光学活性和外消旋形式存在和分离。一些化合物可以表现出多晶型。本发明包括具有本文所述的有用性质的本发明化合物的外消旋、光学活性、多晶型或立体异构形式或其混合物。光学活性形式可以通过例如以下方式来制备:通过重结晶技术拆分外消旋形式、通过从光学活性起始材料合成、通过手性合成或通过使用手性固定相的色谱分离或通过酶促拆分。可以纯化相应的化合物,然后衍生该化合物以形成本文所述的化合物,或纯化化合物本身。
光学活性形式的化合物可以使用本领域已知的任意方法制备,包括但不限于通过重结晶技术拆分外消旋形式、通过从光学活性起始材料合成、通过手性合成或通过使用手性固定相的色谱分离。
获得光学活性材料的方法的实例包括至少下列方法:
i)晶体物理分离法:手动分离各个对映异构体的宏观晶体的技术。如果存在单独的对映异构体的晶体,即原料是团聚体(conglomerate)且所述晶体是视觉上可区分的,则可采用该技术;
ii)同时结晶法:从外消旋体的溶液中分别结晶出各个对映异构体的技术,可能只有当外消旋体是固态的团聚体时才可行;
iii)酶促拆分法:借助对映异构体与酶反应的不同速率,部分或完全分离外消旋体的技术;
iv)酶促不对称合成法:至少一个合成步骤采用酶促反应以获得所需对映异构体的对映异构体纯的或富集的合成前体的合成技术;
v)化学不对称合成法:在产物中产生不对称(即手性)的条件下从非手性前体合成所需对映异构体的合成技术,其可使用手性催化剂或手性助剂来完成;
vi)非对映异构体分离法:使外消旋化合物与对映异构体纯试剂(手性助剂)反应,将各个对映异构体转化为非对映异构体的技术。然后所得非对映异构体借助其现在更明显的结构差异,通过色谱法或结晶法分离,随后除去手性助剂,获得所需的对映异构体;
vii)一级和二级不对称转化法:该技术通过平衡来自外消旋体的非对映异构体,使其在来自所需对映异构体的非对映异构体的溶液中占优势,或者来自所需对映异构体的非对映异构体的优先结晶作用破坏了这种平衡,致使所有材料最终几乎都被转化为来自所需对映异构体的结晶型非对映异构体。然后从所述非对映异构体中释放出所需对映异构体;
viii)动力学拆分法:该技术是指借助对映异构体与手性、非消旋试剂或催化剂在动力学条件下的不同反应速率,实现对外消旋体的部分或完全拆分(或者对部分拆分的化合物进一步拆分);
ix)从非外消旋前体进行对映异构体专一性合成:从非手性原料获得所需对映异构体且在合成过程中没有或仅最小量地破坏立体化学完整性的合成技术;
x)手性液相色谱法:借助于外消旋体的对映异构体与固定相的相互作用不同而在液体流动相中分离出外消旋体的对映异构体的技术(包括但不限于通过手性HPLC)。所述固定相可由手性材料制得,或者所述流动相可包含引起不同相互作用的另外的手性材料;
xi)手性气相色谱法:通过使外消旋体挥发,并借助于对映异构体在气态流动相中与含有固定的非外消旋手性吸附相的柱子的不同相互作用而分离出对映异构体的技术;
xii)用手性溶剂萃取:借助一种对映异构体优先溶解于特定手性溶剂中而分离出对映异构体的技术;
xiii)跨手性膜转运法:使外消旋体与薄膜屏障接触的技术。该屏障通常分离出两种可混溶液体,其中一种含有外消旋体,驱动力如浓度差或压力差导致优先跨膜屏障转运。该膜的非外消旋手性性质仅允许外消旋体中的一种对映异构体通过,从而实现了分离。
在一个实施方案中使用手性色谱法,包括但不限于模拟移动床色谱法。各种手性固定相可商购获得。
IV.盐或前药制剂
在化合物具有足够的碱性或酸性以形成稳定的无毒酸盐或碱盐的情况下,将化合物作为药学上可接受的盐施用可能是合适的。药学上可接受的盐的实例为有机酸,其形成生理学上可接受的阴离子,例如甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、苯甲酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、α-酮戊二酸盐和α-甘油磷酸盐。还可以形成合适的无机盐,包括但不限于硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸氢盐和碳酸盐。对于某些透皮应用,可优选使用本文所述化合物的脂肪酸盐。脂肪酸盐可以帮助渗透角质层。合适的盐的实例包括化合物与硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、辛酸和癸酸的盐。
药学上可接受的盐可以使用本领域熟知的标准方法获得,例如通过使足够碱性的化合物如胺与合适的酸(提供生理学上可接受的阴离子)反应。在化合物包括多个胺基的那些情况下,可以与任意数量的胺基形成盐。还可以制备羧酸的碱金属(例如钠、钾或锂)盐或碱土金属(例如钙)盐。
前药是一种药理学物质,其以无活性(或显著较低的活性)形式施用,并随后在体内代谢为活性代谢物。以较低剂量使更多药物到达所需靶标通常是使用前药背后的基本原理并且这通常归因于更好的吸收、分布、代谢和/或排泄(ADME)性质。前药通常设计成用于改善口服生物利用度,因为胃肠道吸收不良通常是限制因素。另外,使用前药策略可以增加药物对其预期靶标的选择性,从而降低脱靶效应的可能性。
V.同位素
本文所述的化合物包括同位素标记的化合物,其与本文提供的各种化学式和结构中所述的那些相同,除了一个或多个原子被原子质量或质量数不同于通常在自然界中发现的原子质量或质量数的原子取代之外。在其他实施方案中,掺入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、氟和氯的同位素,例如分别为2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、35S、18F、36Cl。本文所述的某些同位素标记的化合物,例如掺入放射性同位素如2H的那些化合物,可用于药物和/或底物组织分布测定。此外,在一些实施方案中,用同位素例如氘(即2H)取代可以提供某些治疗优势,这是因为代谢稳定性更高,例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求减少。
VI.治疗的方法
在一个实施方案中,本文所述的化合物可用于预防、治疗或治愈冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒感染,特别是包括肠道病毒感染,和/或肝炎病毒科感染,特别是包括戊型肝炎感染。
方法涉及施用治疗有效量或预防有效量的至少一种如本文所述的化合物,以治疗、治愈或预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或施用足以降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的量。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物用于治疗患有多种病毒感染的患者,例如戊型肝炎和肠道病毒(EV)。这些化合物还可用于治疗诺如病毒(noV)感染,因此病毒感染的组合除了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒外,还可包括noV。
在另一个实施方案中,本文所述的化合物可用于抑制细胞中的共病毒和/或小核糖核酸病毒蛋白酶(例如,肠道病毒蛋白酶或鼻病毒3C蛋白酶)。该方法包括使细胞与有效量的本文所述的化合物接触,
可以通过向患者施用有效量的、在药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂的存在下的活性化合物或其药学上可接受的前药或盐,来治疗感染了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、肝炎病毒科病毒或其基因片段的宿主,包括但不限于人类,包括共同感染诺如病毒的人类。活性物质可以通过任意合适的途径施用,例如以液体或固体形式口服、胃肠外、静脉内、皮内、透皮、皮下或局部施用。
VII.替代疗法的组合
在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以与至少一种其它活性剂一起使用,所述活性剂可以是抗病毒剂。在该实施方案的一个方面,所述至少一种其它活性剂选自由以下组成的组:融合抑制剂、进入抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、聚合酶抑制剂、抗病毒核苷例如瑞德西韦(remdesivir)、GS-441524、N4-羟基胞苷和美国专利号9,809,616中公开的其它化合物、以及它们的前药、病毒进入抑制剂、病毒成熟抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)抑制剂、SARS-CoV特异性人单克隆抗体,包括CR3022,和不同或未知机制的试剂。
Umifenovir(又称Arbidol)是一种代表性的融合抑制剂。
代表性的进入抑制剂包括卡莫司他(Camostat)、木犀草素(luteolin)、MDL28170、SSAA09E2、SSAA09E1(作为组织蛋白酶L抑制剂)、SSAA09E3和四-O-没食子酰-β-D-葡萄糖(TGG)。这些化合物中某些化合物的化学式如下:
其他进入抑制剂包括:
瑞德西韦、索非布韦(Sofosbuvir)、利巴韦林(ribavirin)、IDX-184和GS-441524具有以下公式:
此外,可以施用抑制细胞因子风暴的化合物、抗凝血剂和/或解决血凝块的血小板聚集抑制剂、螯合病毒如COVID-19从血红蛋白中释放的铁离子的化合物、细胞色素P-450(CYP450)抑制剂或NOX抑制剂。
代表性的NOX抑制剂公开在PCT/US2018/067674中,包括如AU2015365465、EP20140198597;和WO2015/59659中描述的AEBSF、Apocyanin、DPI、GK-136901、ML171、Plumbagin、S17834、VAS2870、VAS3947、GKT-831、GKT771、GTL003或其酰氨基噻二唑衍生物,如CN104147001和CN20131179455中描述的Schisandrin B,美国公开号2015045387、GB20110016017和WO201200725中描述的双芳族和三芳族化合物,JP 2015227329、JP20140097875和JP 20150093939中描述的甲氧基黄酮衍生物,如美国公开号2015368301、TN2015000295、美国公开号201514689803、美国公开号201462013916、PCT WO 201450063和EP20130150187中描述的肽,例如NOX2ds-tat和PR-39,美国公开号2014194422、美国专利号9428478、美国公开号201214123877、美国公开号201161496161和PCT WO 2012US41988中描述的哌嗪衍生物,KR101280198、KR20110025151和KR20090082518中公开的吡唑衍生物,HK1171748、PCT WO201054329和EP 20090171466中公开的吡唑啉二酮衍生物,KR20130010109、KR20130002317、EP20100153927、PCT WO201150667、EP20100153929和PCTWO2011IB50668中公开的吡唑并哌啶衍生物,KR20170026643、HK1158948、HK1141734、HK1159096、HK1159092、EP20080164857、PCT WO200954156、PCT WO200954150、EP20080164853、PCT WO200853390、美国公开号20070896284、EP20070109555、PCT WO200954148、EP20080164847、PCT WO200954155和EP20080164849中描述的吡唑并吡啶衍生物,EP2886120、美国公开号2014018384、美国公开号20100407925、EP20110836947、GB20110004600和PCT WO 201250586中公开的喹唑啉和喹啉衍生物,美国公开号2010120749、美国专利号8,288,432、美国公开号20080532567、EP20070109561、美国公开号20070908414和PCT WO 200853704中公开的四氢吲哚衍生物,美国公开号2016083351、美国公开号201414888390、美国公开号201361818726和PCT WO 201436402中公开的四氢异喹啉衍生物,TW201325588和TW20110147671中描述的Scopoletin,和TW201713650和PCT WO201554662中公开的2,5-二取代的苯并噁唑和苯并噻唑衍生物。代表性的NOX抑制剂还包括在PCT WO2011062864中公开的那些。
示例性NOX抑制剂还包括2-苯基苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(苯并[d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯(dioxol)-5-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2,4-二甲基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4-氟苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-5-氟苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、5-氟-2-(4-氟苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯基)-5-氟苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、5-氟-2-苯基苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(苯并[d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-5-氟苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、甲基4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、甲基4-(5-氟-3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、乙基4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、叔丁基4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、甲基2-甲氧基-4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、甲基3-氯-4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苄腈、甲基2-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、2-(4-乙酰基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4-硝基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、甲基6-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)烟酸酯、6-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)烟腈、2-(4-(羟基甲基)苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-苄基苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、N-甲基-4-(3-氧代苯并[d]异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酰胺、2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-l-甲基-lH-吲唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4-氟苯基)-1-甲基-1H-吲唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-lH-吲唑-3(2H)-酮、1-甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(5-苯基-l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(5-(乙基硫基)-l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(5-(甲基硫基)-l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、5-氟-2-(l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(5-(叔丁基)-l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(5-(4-溴苯基)-l,3,4-噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮2-(4-甲基噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)苯并[d]异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(苯并[d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-4,5-二氟苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(苯并[d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-5-氟苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][l,4]二噁英(dioxin)-6-基)-5-氟苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-3(2H)-2-(4-(l,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-3(2H)-酮、2-(苯并[d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-6,7-二甲氧基苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-3(2H)-酮、甲基4-(3-氧代苯并[d][l,2]硒唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、甲基4-(3-氧代异噻唑[5,4-b]吡啶-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、和乙基4-(3-氧代异噻唑-2(3H)-基)苯甲酸酯、其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
另外的代表性NOX抑制剂包括:
其中
Z选自由以下组成的组:C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、羟基、硝基、氰基、氰基烷基、叠氮基、叠氮基烷基、甲酰基、肼基、卤素(F、Cl、Br或I)、OR'、NHR'、SR'、S(O)R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2NHR’、S(O)2N(R’)R’、SF5、COOR'、COR'、OCOR'、NHCOR'、N(COR')COR'、SCOR'、OCOOR'和NHCOOR',其中每个R'独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其中所述基团可以被一个或多个如上定义的取代基取代,
并且n是0-4的整数,
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
这些化合物的具体实例包括
在一个实施方案中,NOX抑制剂是依布硒(Ebselen)、新蝶呤(Neopterin)、APBA、Diapocynin,或其氘化类似物,或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
在另一个实施方案中,NOX化合物是在PCT WO 2010/035221中公开的那些。
在又一个实施方案中,化合物是PCT WO 2013/068972中公开的NOX抑制剂,其选自由以下组成的组:
4-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(4-氯苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-[(l-甲基-lH-吡唑-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(2-氟-5-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-5-[(2-甲氧基吡啶-4-基)甲基]-4-甲基-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(5-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-5-[(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)甲基]-4-甲基-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(5-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(2-氟-5-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(5-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-甲基-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-3-基)甲基]-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-3-基)甲基]-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-[(2-甲氧基吡啶-4-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-甲基-5-[(l-甲基-lH-吡唑-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(3-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-5-甲基-4-[3-(甲基氨基)苯基]-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2-氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(l,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-[3-(二甲基氨基)苯基]-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(3-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(2-氯苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-[3-(二甲基氨基)苯基]-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
4-(2-氟-5-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-(吡啶-3-基甲基)-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮;和
2-(2-氯苯基)-4-[3-(二甲基氨基)苯基]-5-[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基]-lH-吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-3,6(2H,5H)-二酮。
代表性的CYP450抑制剂包括但不限于:胺碘酮、氨氯地平(amlodipine)、芹菜素(apigenin)、阿瑞匹坦(aprepitant)、佛手柑素(bergamottin)(grapefruit)、丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、安非他酮(bupropion)、咖啡因、咖啡醇、大麻二酚、塞来昔布(celecoxib)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol)、氯苯那敏(chlorphenamine)、氯普鲁马嗪(chlorpromazine)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、西那卡塞(cinacalcet)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、西酞普兰(citalopram)、克拉霉素(clarithromycin)、氯马斯汀(clemastine)、氯贝丁酯(clofibrate)、氯丙咪嗪(clomipramine)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、cobicistat、可卡因、姜黄素(curcumin)(turmeric)、赛克利嗪(cyclizine)、地拉韦定(delavirdine)、去郁敏(desipramine)、双硫仑(disulfiram)、地尔硫卓(diltiazem)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、多潘立酮(domperidone)、多塞平(doxepin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、度洛西汀(duloxetine)、echinacea、恩他卡朋(entacapone)、红霉素(erythromycin)、依地普兰(escitalopram)、非尔氨酯(felbamate)、非诺贝特(fenofibrate)、类黄酮(flavonoids)(grapefruit)、类氟喹诺酮(fluoroquinolones)(例如,环丙沙星)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、加巴喷丁(gabapentin)、吉非罗齐(gemfibrozil)、孕二烯酮(gestodene)、卤泛群(halofantrine)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、伊马替尼(imatinib)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、茚地那韦(indinavir)、干扰素、异烟肼(isoniazid)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、JWH-018、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、来曲唑(letrozole)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、左美丙嗪(levomepromazine)、美金刚(memantine)、哌甲酯(methylphenidate)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、美沙酮(methadone)、甲巯咪唑(methimazole)、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、甲吡酮(metyrapone)、米贝地尔(mibefradil)、咪康唑(miconazole)、米多君(midodrine)、米非司酮(mifepristone)、水飞蓟(milk thistle)、吗氯贝胺(moclobemide)、莫达非尼(modafinil)、孟鲁司特(montelukast)、吗氯贝胺(moclobemide)、柚皮素(naringenin)(grapefruit)、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)、奈非那韦(nelfinavir)、烟酸(niacin)、烟酰胺(niacinamide)、尼古丁(nicotine)、烟酰胺(nicotinamide)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、诺氟沙星(norfloxacin)、邻甲苯海拉明(orphenadrine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、羟哌氯丙嗪(perphenazine)、毛果芸香碱(pilocarpine)、胡椒碱(piperine)、苯乙丁氮酮(phenylbutazone)、丙磺舒(probenecid)、异丙嗪(promethazine)、质子泵抑制剂(例如,兰索拉唑(lansoprazole)、奥美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、雷贝拉唑(rabeprazole))、栎精(quercetin)、奎尼定(quinidine)、雷尼替丁(ranitidine)、利培酮(risperidone)、利托那韦(ritonavir)、沙奎那韦(saquinavir)、司来吉兰(selegiline)、舍曲林(sertraline)、杨桃(starfruit)、圣约翰草(St.John's wort)、硫康唑(sulconazole)、磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole)、磺胺苯吡唑(sulfaphenazole)、泰利霉素(telithromycin)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、噻唑烷二酮类(thiazolidinediones)、甲硫达嗪(thioridazine)、噻氯匹啶(ticlopidine)、噻康唑(tioconazole)、噻替哌(thiotepa)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、托吡酯(topiramate)、反苯环丙胺(tranylcypromine)、吡苄明(tripelennamine)、缬草((valerian)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)、维拉帕米(verapamil)、伏立康唑(voriconazole)、扎鲁司特(zafirlukast)、和珠氯噻醇(zuclopenthixol)。
代表性的ACE-2抑制剂包括含巯基的剂,例如阿拉普利(alacepril)、卡托普利(captopril)(capoten)、和zefnopril,含二羧酸酯的剂,例如依那普利(enalapril)(vasotec)、雷米普利(ramipril)(altace)、喹那普利(quinapril)(accupril)、培哚普利(perindopril)(coversyl)、赖诺普利(lisinopril)(listril)、贝那普利(benazepril)(lotensin)、咪达普利(imidapril)(tanatril)、群多普利(trandolapril)(mavik)、和西拉普利(cilazapril)(inhibace),及含膦酸酯的剂,例如福辛普利(fosinopril)(fositen/monopril)。
例如,当用于治疗或预防感染时,活性化合物或其前药或药学上可接受的盐可以与另一种抗病毒剂组合或交替施用,所述另一种抗HBV剂包括但不限于上式的那些。通常,在组合疗法中,一起施用有效剂量的两种或更多种剂,而在交替疗法期间,连续施用有效剂量的每种剂。剂量将取决于药物的吸收、失活和排泄速率,以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素。应注意,剂量值也将随待缓解的病况的严重程度而变化。还应理解的是,对于任意特定受试者,应根据个体需要和施用或监督组合物施用的人的专业判断随时间调整具体的剂量方案和时间表。
Ghosh等人“Drug Development and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts TowardSARS-Coronavirus and Covid-19 Therapeutics,”ChemMedChem10.1002/cmdc.202000223中公开了多种与本文所述化合物组合的药剂。
可以与本文公开的化合物组合使用的抗病毒剂的非限制性实例包括下文列出的那些。
抑制细胞因子风暴的化合物
在整个激活过程中,炎症反应必须受到调节,以防止破坏性的全身炎症,也称为“细胞因子风暴”。许多具有抗炎特性的细胞因子对此负责,如IL-10和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)。每种细胞因子作用于炎症反应的不同部分。例如,Th2免疫反应的产物抑制Th1免疫反应,反之亦然。
通过消除炎症,人们可以最大限度地减少对周围细胞的附带损害,对患者几乎没有或没有长期损害。因此,除了使用本文所述的化合物抑制病毒感染之外,还可以共同施用一种或多种抑制细胞因子风暴的化合物。
抑制细胞因子风暴的化合物包括靶向基本免疫途径,例如趋化因子网络和胆碱能抗炎途径的化合物。
JAK抑制剂,如JAK 1和JAK 2抑制剂,可以抑制细胞因子风暴,且在某些情况下,也是抗病毒的。代表性的JAK抑制剂包括美国专利号10,022,378中公开的那些,如贾卡菲(Jakafi)、托法替尼(Tofacitinib)和巴里西替尼(Baricitinib),以及LY3009104/INCB28050、帕西替尼(Pacritinib)/SB1518、VX-509、GLPG0634、INC424、R-348、CYT387、TG10138、AEG 3482、及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
进一步的实例包括CEP-701(Lestaurtinib)、AZD1480、INC424、R-348、CYT387、TG10138、AEG 3482、7-碘-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(4-氨基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)丙烯酰胺、7-(3-氨基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)丙烯酰胺、N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、甲基2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-羧酸酯、N-(4-吗啉苯基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(4-氨基-3-甲氧基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N,N-二甲基-3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、1-乙基-3-(2-甲氧基-4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)脲、N-(4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、2-甲氧基-4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯酚、2-氰基-N-(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、N-(氰基甲基)-2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-甲酰胺、N-(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、1-乙基-3-(4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)-2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)脲、N-(3-硝基苯基)-7-苯基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-碘-N-(3-硝基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N1-(7-(2-乙基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-基)苯-1,3-二胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N1-(7-碘噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-基)苯-1,3-二胺、7-(4-氨基-3-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(2-乙基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、N-(氰基甲基)-N-(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、N-(氰基甲基)-N-(4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、N-(3-(5-甲基-2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、4-(5-甲基-2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N-(4-(5-甲基-2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、7-碘-N-(4-吗啉苯基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(2-异丙基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-溴-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N7-(2-异丙基苯基)-N2-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2,7-二胺、N7-(4-异丙基苯基)-N2-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2,7-二胺、7-(5-氨基-2-甲基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(氰基甲基)-4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯甲酰胺、7-碘-N-(3-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(4-氨基-3-硝基苯基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-N-(4-吗啉苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、(3-(7-碘噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-基氨基)苯基)甲醇、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(3-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(3-(羟基甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N-(4-吗啉苯基)-7-(4-硝基苯基硫基)-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2--胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、7-(4-氨基-3-硝基苯基)-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、7-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(2,6-二甲氧基吡啶-3-基)噻吩并[3,2-d]-嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-碘-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、2-氰基-N-(4-甲基-3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、乙基3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯甲酸酯、7-溴-N-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3-(2-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、N-(氰基甲基)-3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯甲酰胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯甲酰胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-(1-乙基哌啶-4-基氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并-[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、叔丁基-4-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7--基)-1H-吡唑-1-羧酸酯、7-溴-N-(4-((4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶--2-胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-((4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯基氨基)-噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、N-(4-((4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯基)-7-(1H-吡唑-4-基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(氰基甲基)-3-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯甲酰胺、N-叔丁基-3-(2-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]-嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、叔丁基吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苄基氨基甲酸酯、3-(2-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯磺酰胺、7-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)噻吩并-[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、叔丁基4-(2-(4-(1-乙基哌啶-4-基氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基-)-1H-吡唑-1-羧酸酯、7(苯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、叔丁基5-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸酯、7-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、叔丁基4-(2-(-4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)-5,6-二-氢吡啶-1(2H)-羧酸酯、叔丁基吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苄基氨基甲酸酯、N-(3-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、N-(4-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、N-(3-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲磺酰胺、7-(4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基)-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)噻吩并-[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(2-甲氧基-4-(2-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)乙酰胺、7-溴-N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、(3-(2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲醇、(4-(2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲醇、(3-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲醇、(4-(2-(4-吗啉苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苯基)甲醇、N-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苄基)甲磺酰胺、叔丁基吗啉甲基)苯基氨基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-7-基)苄基氨基甲酸酯、N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)-7-(3-(哌嗪-1-基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(6-(2-吗啉乙基氨基)吡啶-3-基)-N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(2-乙基苯基)-N-(4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-(4-(氨基甲基)苯基)-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(4-(1-乙基哌啶-4-基氧基)苯基)-7-(1H-吡唑-4-基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-苯基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、7-溴-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-苯基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-胺、及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
可以使用HMGB1抗体和COX-2抑制剂,它们下调细胞因子风暴。这类化合物的实例包括Actemra(罗氏)。可以使用Celebrex(celecoxib),一种COX-2抑制剂。也可以使用IL-8(CXCL8)抑制剂。
趋化因子受体CCR2拮抗剂,如PF-04178903可降低肺免疫病理。
可以使用选择性α7Ach受体激动剂,如GTS-21(DMXB-A)和CNI-1495。这些化合物降低TNF-α。脓毒症的晚期介质HMGB1下调IFN-γ通路,并阻止LPS诱导的IL-10和STAT 3机制的抑制。
用于治疗或预防血凝块的化合物
导致呼吸道感染的病毒,包括冠状病毒,如Covid-19,可能与肺部血凝块有关,血凝块也会对心脏造成损害。
本文所述的化合物可以与抑制血凝块形成的化合物,如血液稀释剂,或分解现有血凝块的化合物,如组织纤溶酶原激活剂(TPA)、依替巴肽(Integrilin)(eptifibatide)、阿昔单抗(abciximab)(ReoPro)或替罗非班(tirofiban)(Aggrastat)共同给药。
血液稀释剂防止血凝块的形成,并防止现有的血凝块变大。血液稀释剂主要有两种。抗凝剂,如肝素或华法林(也称为Coumadin),可减缓产生血凝块的生物过程,抗血小板聚集药物,如Plavix、阿司匹林,可防止称为血小板的血细胞聚集在一起形成血凝块。
代表性的血小板聚集抑制剂包括糖蛋白IIB/IIIA抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、腺苷再摄取抑制剂和腺苷二磷酸(ADP)受体抑制剂。这些可以任选地与抗凝血剂联合给药。
代表性的抗凝血剂包括香豆素类(维生素K拮抗剂)、肝素及其衍生物,包括普通肝素(unfractionated heparin,UFH)、低分子量肝素(LMWH)和超低分子量肝素(ULMWH),因子Xa的合成五糖抑制剂,包括磺达肝癸钠(Fondaparinux)、艾卓肝素(Idraparinux)和Idrabiotaparinux,直接作用的口服抗凝血剂(DAOCs),如达比加群(dabigatran)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、依杜沙班(edoxaban)和贝曲沙班(betrixaban),以及抗凝血酶蛋白治疗剂/凝血酶抑制剂,例如二价药物水蛭素(hirudin)、来匹卢定(lepirudin)和比伐卢定(bivalirudin)以及单价阿加曲班(argatroban)。
代表性的血小板聚集抑制剂包括普伐他汀(pravastatin)、普拉维(Plavix)(硫酸氢氯吡格雷)、普列塔尔(西洛他唑)、艾芬特(普拉格雷)、阿格雷诺(阿司匹林和双嘧达莫)、倍林达(替卡格雷洛)、caplacizumab、Kengreal(坎格雷洛)、潘生丁(双嘧达莫)、噻氯匹定(噻氯匹定)、尤普拉(阿司匹林和奥美拉唑)。
小分子共价CoV 3CLpro抑制剂
代表性的小分子共价CoV 3CLpro抑制剂包括以下化合物:
非共价CoV 3CLpro抑制剂
代表性的非共价CoV 3CLpro抑制剂包括以下:
SARS-CoV PLpro抑制剂
代表性的SARS-Cov PLpro抑制剂包括以下:
其他化合物包括以下:
可以使用的其他化合物可用于联合治疗的其他化合物和化合物类别包括以下:抗体包括单克隆抗体(mAb)、阿比朵尔(Arbidol)(umifenovir)、Actemra(tocilizumab)、APN01(Aperion Biologics)、ARMS-1(其包括氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC))、ASC09(AscletisPharma)、AT-001(Applied Therapeutics Inc.)和其他醛糖还原酶抑制剂(ARI)、ATYR1923(aTyr Pharma,Inc.)、阿肽地尔(Aviptadil)(Relief Therapeutics)、阿兹夫定(Azvudine)、Bemcentinib、BLD-2660(Blade Therapeutics)、贝伐珠单抗(Bevacizumab)、Brensocatib、Calquence(acalabrutinib)、甲磺酸卡莫司他(Camostat mesylate)(一种TMPRSS2抑制剂)、卡瑞利珠单抗(Camrelizumab)、CAP-1002(Capricor Therapeutics)、CD24Fcm、Clevudine、(OncoImmune)、CM4620-IE(CalciMedica Inc.,CRAC通道抑制剂)、Colchicine、恢复期血浆、CYNK-001(Sorrento Therapeutics)、DAS181(Ansun Pharma)、去铁胺(Desferal)、双嘧达莫(Dipyridamole)(Persantine)、Dociparstat sodium(DSTAT)、Duvelisib、依库珠单抗(Eculizumab)、EIDD-2801(Ridgeback Biotherapeutics)、Emapalumab、Fadraciclib(CYC065)和seliciclib(roscovitine)(细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)抑制剂)、达格列净(Farxiga)(dapagliflozin)、Favilavir/Favipiravir/T-705/Avigan、Galidesivir、Ganovo(danoprevir)、Gilenya(fingolimod)(鞘氨醇1-磷酸受体调节剂)、Gimsilumab、IFX-1、Ilaris(canakinumab)、静脉注射免疫球蛋白、Ivermectin(输入蛋白α/β抑制剂)、Kaletra/Aluvia(lopinavir/ritonavir)、Kevzara(sarilumab)、Kineret(anakinra)、LAU-7b(fenretinide)、Lenzilumab、Leronlimab(PRO 140)、LY3127804(一种anti-Ang2抗体)、Leukine(sargramostim,一种粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)、Losartan、Valsartan和Telmisartan(血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂)、Meplazumab、Metablok(LSALT肽,一种DPEP1抑制剂)、甲泼尼龙和其他皮质类固醇、MN-166(异丁司特(ibudilast),巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)抑制剂)、MRx-4DP0004(一株短双歧杆菌,4D Pharma)、Nafamostat(一种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂)、神经氨酸酶抑制剂如特敏福(Tamiflu)(oseltamivir)、硝唑尼特(Nitazoxanide)(核衣壳(N)蛋白质抑制剂)、Nivolumab、OT-101(Mateon)、Novaferon(人造干扰素)、Opaganib(yeliva)(鞘氨醇激酶-2抑制剂)、Otilimab、PD-1阻断抗体、聚乙二醇干扰素例如聚乙二醇干扰素λ、Pepcid(famotidine)、Piclidenoson(A3腺苷受体激动剂)、Prezcobix(darunavir)、PUL-042(Pulmotect,Inc.,toll-样受体(TLR)结合剂)、Rebif(干扰素β-1a)、RHB-107(upamostat)(丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、RedHill Biopharma Ltd.)、Selinexor(选择性核输出抑制剂(SINE))、SNG001(Synairgen、吸入式干扰素β-1a)、Solnatide、干细胞、包括间充质干细胞、MultiStem(Athersys)、和PLX(PluristemTherapeutics)、Sylvant(siltuximab)、Thymosin、TJM2(TJ003234)、Tradipitant(神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂)、Truvada(恩曲他滨(emtricitabine)和泰诺福韦(tenofovir))、Ultomiris(ravulizumab-cwvz)、Vazegepant(CGRP受体拮抗剂或阻断剂)、和Xofluza(巴洛沙韦玛波西酯(baloxavir marboxil))。
再利用的抗病毒剂
许多药剂,包括对其他病毒有活性的药剂,已经针对Covid-19进行了评估,并发现具有活性。这些化合物中的任何都可以与本文所述的化合物组合。代表性的化合物包括洛匹那韦(lopinavir)、利托那韦(ritonavir)、氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)、普马嗪(promazine)、PNU、UC2、肉桂硫胺(cinanserin)(SQ 10,643)、卡米达佐(Calmidazolium)(C3930)、单宁酸、3-异茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3,3’-二没食子酸酯、甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)、S-亚硝基-N-乙酰基青霉胺、奈非那韦、氯硝柳胺、氯喹(chloroquine)、羟氯喹、5-苄氧基芦竹碱(5-benzyloxygramine)、利巴韦林、干扰素,例如干扰素(IFN)-α、IFN-β、及其聚乙二醇化形式,以及这些化合物与利巴韦林、盐酸氯普鲁马嗪、盐酸三氟普马嗪、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)、甲磺酸伊马替尼、达沙替尼(dasatinib)、和伊马替尼的组合。
VIII.药物组合物
可以通过向患者施用有效量的、在药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂的存在下的活性化合物或其药学上可接受的前药或盐,来治疗感染了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒(包括肠道病毒)、和/或肝炎病毒科病毒(包括戊型肝炎病毒),且任选地,共同感染了诺如病毒的宿主,包括但不限于人类。活性物质可以通过任何合适的途径给药,例如口服、胃肠外、静脉内、皮内、皮下、局部给药,或通过吸入或以液体或固体形式递送至肺部的其它形式给药。
优选的化合物剂量范围为每天约0.01至约10mg/kg,更通常为约0.1至5mg/kg,优选约0.5至约2mg/kg接收者的体重。药学上可接受的盐和前药的有效剂量范围可以基于待递送的母体化合物的重量来计算。如果盐或前药本身表现出活性,则可以使用盐或前药的重量如上估算有效剂量,或通过本领域技术人员已知的其他方法估算有效剂量。
化合物可方便地以任意合适的剂型单位施用,包括但不限于每单位剂型含有7至600mg,优选70至600mg活性成分的剂型。1-400mg的口服剂量通常是方便的。
药物组合物中活性化合物的浓度将取决于药物的吸收、失活和排泄速率以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素。应注意,剂量值也将随待缓解的病况的严重程度而变化。还应理解的是,对于任意特定受试者,应根据个体需要和施用或监督组合物施用的人的专业判断随时间调整具体的剂量方案,并且本文所述的浓度范围仅是示例性的,并非旨在限制要求保护的组合物的范围或实践。活性成分可以一次施用,或者可以分成许多较小的剂量,以不同的时间间隔施用。
口服制剂
活性化合物的优选施用方式是口服,但对于某些患者,可以皮下、腹膜内或静脉内给予无菌可注射形式。口服组合物通常包括惰性稀释剂或可食用载体。可以将它们封装在明胶胶囊中或压制成片剂。为了治疗性口服施用的目的,可以将活性化合物与赋形剂合并,并以片剂、锭剂或胶囊的形式使用。可以包含药学上相容的粘合剂和/或佐剂材料作为组合物的一部分。
片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、锭剂等可以含有任意下列成分或类似性质的化合物:粘合剂如微晶纤维素、黄蓍胶或明胶;赋形剂如淀粉或乳糖,崩解剂如海藻酸、Primogel或玉米淀粉;润滑剂如硬脂酸镁或Sterotes;助流剂如胶体二氧化硅;甜味剂如蔗糖或糖精;或调味剂如薄荷、水杨酸甲酯或橙味调味剂。当剂量单位形式是胶囊时,除了上述类型的材料外,它还可以含有液体载体如脂肪油。另外,单位剂型可含有改变剂量单位的物理形式的各种其他物质,例如糖、虫胶或其他肠溶剂的包衣。
化合物可以作为酏剂、悬浮液、糖浆、薄片剂(wafer)、口香糖等的组分施用。除活性化合物外,糖浆还可含有作为甜味剂的蔗糖和某些防腐剂、染料和着色剂和调味剂。
化合物或其药学上可接受的前药或盐也可以与不损害所需作用的其它活性物质混合,或与补充所需作用的物质混合,例如抗生素、抗真菌剂、抗炎剂或其它抗病毒化合物。用于肠胃外、皮内、皮下或局部施用的溶液或悬浮液可包括以下组分:无菌稀释剂如注射用水、盐溶液、固定油、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇或其他合成溶剂;抗菌剂如苯甲醇或对羟基苯甲酸甲酯;抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸或亚硫酸氢钠;螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸;缓冲剂,如乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐或磷酸盐,以及调节张力的剂,如氯化钠或右旋糖。可以将肠胃外制剂封装在安瓿、一次性注射器或由玻璃或塑料制成的多剂量小瓶中。
如果静脉内施用,则优选的载体是生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)。
透皮制剂
在一些实施方案中,组合物以透皮制剂的形式存在,例如在FDA批准的激动剂罗替戈汀(rotigitine)透皮贴剂(Neupro贴剂)中使用的制剂。另一种合适的制剂描述于题为“Transdermal Therapeutic System for Treating Parkinsonism”的美国公开号20080050424中。该制剂包括基于硅氧烷或丙烯酸酯的粘合剂,并且可包括增加活性物质的溶解度的添加剂,其量能有效增加基质对活性物质的溶解能力。
透皮制剂可以是单相基质(matrices),其包括背衬层、含活性物质的自粘基质和在使用前要除去的保护膜。更复杂的实施方案包括还可以含有非粘性层和控制膜的多层基质。如果使用聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂,它可以与多价金属离子如锌、钙、铝或钛离子交联,例如乙酰丙酮铝和乙酰丙酮钛。
当使用有机硅粘合剂时,它们通常是聚二甲基硅氧烷。然而,原则上可能存在其他有机残基,例如乙基或苯基,而不是甲基。因为活性化合物是胺,所以使用耐胺粘合剂可能是有利的。代表性的耐胺粘合剂描述于例如EP 0 180 377中。
代表性的基于丙烯酸酯的聚合物粘合剂包括丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其组合。
粘合剂必须具有适合于活性物质的溶解能力,并且活性物质必须能够在基质内移动,并且能够穿过接触表面到达皮肤。本领域技术人员可以容易地配制具有活性物质的适当透皮转运的透皮制剂。
某些药学上可接受的盐倾向于更优选用于透皮制剂,因为它们可以帮助活性物质通过角质层的屏障。实例包括脂肪酸盐,例如硬脂酸盐和油酸盐。油酸盐和硬脂酸盐是相对亲脂性的,甚至可以作为皮肤中的渗透增强剂。
也可以使用渗透增强剂。代表性的渗透增强剂包括脂肪醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸酰胺、甘油或其脂肪酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、萜烯如柠檬烯、α-蒎烯(pinene)、α-萜品醇、香芹酮、香芹醇、柠檬烯氧化物、蒎烯氧化物和1,8-桉叶油素。
贴剂通常可以通过将活性剂溶解或悬浮在乙醇或另一种合适的有机溶剂中,然后在搅拌下加入粘合剂溶液来制备。可以向粘合剂溶液、活性物质溶液或含活性物质的粘合剂溶液中添加另外的辅助物质。然后可以将溶液涂覆到合适的片材上,除去溶剂,将背衬层层压到基质层上,并从整个层压材料中冲出贴剂。
肺部施用的制剂
在一些实施方案中,化合物被施用到肺部(即,通过肺部施用)。在一个具体的实施方案中,肺部施用包括化合物的吸入,通常以颗粒或液滴的形式,例如通过鼻、口吸入或两者。颗粒或液滴可以分两次或多次单独施用(剂量)。
在该实施方案的一个方面,颗粒可以配制成气溶胶(即,在气体介质中包含一种或多种本文所述化合物的颗粒的稳定分散体或悬浮液的液滴)。通过气溶胶输送的颗粒可以通过重力沉降、惯性撞击和/或扩散沉积在气道中。可以使用任何合适的用于产生气溶胶的装置,包括但不限于压力计量吸入器(pMDI)、喷雾器、干粉吸入器(DPI)和软雾吸入器。
在一个具体的实施方案中,该方法包括吸入颗粒,该颗粒包括一种或多种本文所述的通过雾化(nebulization)而雾化(aerosolized)的化合物。喷雾器通常使用压缩空气或超声波能量来产生颗粒或其悬浮液的可吸入气溶胶液滴。在该实施方案中,雾化导致颗粒或其悬浮液的气溶胶液滴通过肺部输送给受试者。
在另一个实施方案中,该方法包括吸入通过pMDI而雾化的颗粒,其中颗粒或其悬浮液悬浮在合适的推进剂系统(包括但不限于在用计量阀密封的加压容器中含有至少一种液化气体的氢氟烷烃)中。阀的致动导致计量剂量的颗粒或其悬浮液的气溶胶喷雾的输送。
生物可降解颗粒可用于本文所述化合物的控制释放和递送。已经开发了用于将治疗剂输送到呼吸道的气雾剂。Adjei,A.and Garren,J.Pharm Res.7,565-569(1990);及Zanen,P.and Lamm,J.-W.J.Int.J.Pharm.114,111-115(1995)。
呼吸道包括上气道,包括口咽和喉,然后是下气道,包括气管,然后分叉成支气管和细支气管。上下气道被称为传导气道。末端细支气管然后分成呼吸细支气管,然后通向最终的呼吸区,肺泡,或深肺。Gonda,I."Aerosols for delivery of therapeutic anddiagnostic agents to the respiratory tract,"in Critical Reviews inTherapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 6:273-313,1990。深肺或肺泡是全身药物递送的吸入治疗气雾剂的主要目标。
因此,将抗病毒颗粒递送至肺深部(即,肺的肺泡区域)可能是重要的。相对较大的颗粒往往会被截留在口咽腔中,这可能会导致吸入药物的过度损失。相对较小的颗粒可以被输送到肺部深处,但可以被吞噬。一种递送足够轻以避免过多截留在口咽腔中的相对较大的颗粒(大小足以避免吞噬作用)的方法是使用多孔颗粒。
在一个实施方案中,如美国专利号6,977,087中所述,用于将本文所述化合物递送至肺部肺泡区域的颗粒是多孔的、“空气动力学轻质”颗粒。空气动力学轻质颗粒可由生物可降解材料制成,通常具有小于0.4g/cm3的振实密度和5μm至30μm之间的质量平均直径。颗粒可由生物可降解材料如生物可降解聚合物形成。例如,颗粒可以由官能化的聚酯接枝共聚物形成,该官能化的聚酯接枝共聚物由以下组成:线性α-羟基酸聚酯骨架,其具有至少一种本文并入的氨基酸基团,和至少一种从聚酯骨架中的氨基酸基团延伸的聚(氨基酸)侧链。在一个实施方案中,具有大平均直径(例如大于5μm)的空气动力学轻颗粒可用于本文所述的一种或多种化合物向肺的肺泡区域的增强递送。
纳米颗粒组合物
本文所述的化合物还可以以纳米颗粒组合物的形式施用。
在一个实施方案中,控释纳米颗粒制剂包含待施用的纳米颗粒活性剂和速率控制聚合物,其用于延长药剂在施用后的释放。在该实施方案中,组合物可在施用后释放活性剂持续约2至约24小时或多达30天或更长的时间。包含纳米颗粒形式的活性剂的代表性控释制剂描述于例如美国专利号8,293,277中。
纳米颗粒组合物包含本文所述活性剂的颗粒,其具有吸附在其表面上或与其表面结合的非交联表面稳定剂。
纳米颗粒的平均粒度通常小于约800nm,更通常小于约600nm,更通常小于约400nm,小于约300nm,小于约250nm,小于约100nm,或小于约50nm。在该实施方案的一个方面,当通过光散射技术测量时,至少50%的活性剂颗粒的平均粒度分别小于约800、600、400、300、250、100或50nm。
多种表面稳定剂通常与纳米颗粒组合物一起使用,以防止颗粒结块或聚集。代表性的表面稳定剂选自由以下组成的组:明胶、卵磷脂、葡聚糖、阿拉伯树胶、胆固醇、黄蓍胶、硬脂酸、苯扎氯铵、硬脂酸钙、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十八十六醇、聚西托醇(cetomacrogol)乳化蜡、脱水山梨醇酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、胶体二氧化硅、磷酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、非结晶纤维素、硅酸铝镁、三乙醇胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol)、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)、泊洛沙胺(poloxamine)、泊洛沙胺908、磺基琥珀酸钠二烷基酯、月桂基硫酸钠、烷基芳基聚醚磺酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯和蔗糖二硬脂酸酯的混合物、对异壬基苯氧基聚-(缩水甘油)、SA9OHCO、癸酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、正癸基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、正癸基-D-吡喃麦芽糖苷、正十二烷基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、正十二烷基-D-麦芽糖苷、庚酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、正庚基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、正庚基-D-硫代葡萄糖苷、正己基-D-吡喃葡糖苷、壬酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、正壬基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、辛酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、正辛基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和辛基-D-硫代吡喃葡萄糖苷。溶菌酶也可用作纳米颗粒组合物的表面稳定剂。已知某些纳米颗粒如聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)-纳米颗粒在通过静脉内(IV)或皮下(SQ)给药时靶向肝脏。
在一个实施方案中,纳米颗粒或其它药物递送载体靶向肝脏。Park等人,MolImaging.Feb 2011;10(1):69–77描述了一种这样的肝靶向药物递送媒介物,其使用磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC3)作为分子靶标。Park教导了使用该靶标治疗肝细胞癌(HCC),这是一种常常由慢性持续性肝炎引起的原发性肝癌。
在该实施方案的一个方面,该药物递送媒介物还用于将治疗剂靶向肝脏以治疗病毒感染。此外,由于本文所述的化合物具有抗癌用途,因此这类系统可将化合物靶向肝脏并治疗肝癌。GPC3是硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖,其在正常成人组织中不表达,但在高达80%的人HCC中显著过表达。例如,可以使用抗体介导的靶向和结合来靶向GPC3(参见Hsu等人,Cancer Res.1997;57:5179–84)。
用于靶向肝脏的另一种药物递送系统描述于美国专利号7,304,045中。该‘045专利公开了一种双颗粒肿瘤或癌症靶向系统,其包括与半乳糖胺缀合的第一配体介导的靶向纳米颗粒,其中配体位于靶细胞上。第一纳米颗粒包括聚(γ-谷氨酸)/聚(丙交酯)嵌段共聚物和抗病毒化合物,在这种情况下所述抗病毒化合物是本文所述的化合物,在‘045专利中是更昔洛韦(gancyclovir)。第二纳米颗粒包括聚(γ-谷氨酸)/聚(丙交酯)嵌段共聚物、内皮细胞特异性启动子和(单纯疱疹病毒)-(胸苷激酶)基因构建的质粒,并提供增强的渗透和滞留介导的靶向。将第一和第二纳米颗粒在用于递送至肝脏的溶液中混合。当待治疗的病症是肝肿瘤或癌症时,可以直接递送到肝肿瘤或癌症或与肝肿瘤或癌症相邻。
可以将纳米颗粒配制到其中的代表性速率控制聚合物包括壳聚糖、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、阿拉伯树胶、琼脂、瓜尔胶、谷物胶、葡聚糖、酪蛋白、明胶、果胶、角叉菜胶、蜡、虫胶、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、聚(乙烯)氧化物、烷基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、亲水性纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、乙酸偏苯三酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛二乙氨基乙酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸烷基酯)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、衍生自丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸及其各自的酯的聚合物和衍生自丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸及其各自的酯的共聚物。
制备纳米颗粒组合物的方法描述于例如美国专利号5,518,187和5,862,999,均关于“Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances”;美国专利号5,718,388,关于“Continuous Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances”;和美国专利号5,510,118关于“Process of Preparing Therapeutic Compositions ContainingNanoparticles”。
纳米颗粒组合物还描述于,例如,美国专利号5,298,262关于"Use of IonicCloud Point Modifiers to Prevent Particle Aggregation During Sterilization;"美国专利号5,302,401关于"Method to Reduce Particle Size Growth DuringLyophilization;"美国专利号5,318,767关于"X-Ray Contrast Compositions Useful inMedical Imaging;"美国专利号5,326,552关于"Novel Formulation ForNanoparticulate X-Ray Blood Pool Contrast Agents Using High Molecular WeightNon-ionic Surfactants;"美国专利号5,328,404关于"Method of X-Ray Imaging UsingIodinated Aromatic Propanedioates;"美国专利号5,336,507关于"Use of ChargedPhospholipids to Reduce Nanoparticle Aggregation;"美国专利号5,340,564forFormulations Comprising Olin 10-G to Prevent Particle Aggregation andIncrease Stability;"美国专利号5,346,702关于"Use of Non-Ionic Cloud PointModifiers to Minimize Nanoparticulate Aggregation During Sterilization;"美国专利号5,349,957关于"Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Very SmallMagnetic-Dextran Particles;"美国专利号5,352,459关于"Use of Purified SurfaceModifiers to Prevent Particle Aggregation During Sterilization;"美国专利号5,399,363和5,494,683,均关于"Surface Modified Anticancer Nanoparticles;"美国专利号5,401,492关于"Water Insoluble Non-Magnetic Manganese Particles as MagneticResonance Enhancement Agents;"美国专利号5,429,824关于"Use of Tyloxapol as aNanoparticulate Stabilizer;"美国专利号5,447,710关于"Method for MakingNanoparticulate X-Ray Blood Pool Contrast Agents Using High Molecular WeightNon-ionic Surfactants;"美国专利号5,451,393关于"X-Ray Contrast CompositionsUseful in Medical Imaging;"美国专利号5,466,440关于"Formulations of OralGastrointestinal Diagnostic X-Ray Contrast Agents in Combination withPharmaceutically Acceptable Clays;"美国专利号5,470,583关于"Method ofPreparing Nanoparticle Compositions Containing Charged Phospholipids toReduce Aggregation;"美国专利号5,472,683关于"Nanoparticulate Diagnostic MixedCarbamic Anhydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool and LymphaticSystem Imaging;"美国专利号5,500,204关于"Nanoparticulate Diagnostic Dimers asX-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool and Lymphatic System Imaging;"美国专利号5,518,738关于"Nanoparticulate NSAID Formulations;"美国专利号5,521,218关于"Nanoparticulate Iododipamide Derivatives for Use as X-Ray Contrast Agents;"美国专利号5,525,328关于"Nanoparticulate Diagnostic Diatrizoxy Ester X-RayContrast Agents for Blood Pool and Lymphatic System Imaging;"美国专利号5,543,133关于"Process of Preparing X-Ray Contrast Compositions ContainingNanoparticles;"美国专利号5,552,160关于"Surface Modified NSAID Nanoparticles;"美国专利号5,560,931关于"Formulations of Compounds as NanoparticulateDispersions in Digestible Oils or Fatty Acids;"美国专利号5,565,188关于"Polyalkylene Block Copolymers as Surface Modifiers for Nanoparticles;"美国专利号5,569,448关于"Sulfated Non-ionic Block Copolymer Surfactant as StabilizerCoatings for Nanoparticle Compositions;"美国专利号5,571,536关于"Formulationsof Compounds as Nanoparticulate Dispersions in Digestible Oils or FattyAcids;"美国专利号5,573,749关于"Nanoparticulate Diagnostic Mixed CarboxylicAnydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool and Lymphatic SystemImaging;"美国专利号5,573,750关于"Diagnostic Imaging X-Ray Contrast Agents;"美国专利号5,573,783关于"Redispersible Nanoparticulate Film Matrices WithProtective Overcoats;"美国专利号5,580,579关于"Site-specific Adhesion Withinthe GI Tract Using Nanoparticles Stabilized by High Molecular Weight,LinearPoly(ethylene Oxide)Polymers;"美国专利号5,585,108关于"Formulations of OralGastrointestinal Therapeutic Agents in Combination with PharmaceuticallyAcceptable Clays;"美国专利号5,587,143关于"Butylene Oxide-Ethylene Oxide BlockCopolymers Surfactants as Stabilizer Coatings for NanoparticulateCompositions;"美国专利号5,591,456关于"Milled Naproxen with HydroxypropylCellulose as Dispersion Stabilizer;"美国专利号5,593,657关于"Novel Barium SaltFormulations Stabilized by Non-ionic and Anionic Stabilizers;"美国专利号5,622,938关于"Sugar Based Surfactant for Nanocrystals;"美国专利号5,628,981关于"Improved Formulations of Oral Gastrointestinal Diagnostic X-Ray ContrastAgents and Oral Gastrointestinal Therapeutic Agents;"美国专利号5,643,552关于"Nanoparticulate Diagnostic Mixed Carbonic Anhydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agentsfor Blood Pool and Lymphatic System Imaging;"美国专利号5,718,388关于"Continuous Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances;"美国专利号5,718,919关于"Nanoparticles Containing the R(-)Enantiomer of Ibuprofen;"美国专利号5,747,001关于"Aerosols Containing Beclomethasone Nanoparticle Dispersions;"美国专利号5,834,025关于"Reduction of Intravenously Administered NanoparticulateFormulation Induced Adverse Physiological Reactions;"美国专利号6,045,829"Nanocrystalline Formulations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)ProteaseInhibitors Using Cellulosic Surface Stabilizers;"美国专利号6,068,858关于"Methods of Making Nanocrystalline Formulations of Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)Protease Inhibitors Using Cellulosic Surface Stabilizers;"美国专利号6,153,225关于"Injectable Formulations of Nanoparticulate Naproxen;"美国专利号6,165,506关于"New Solid Dose Form of Nanoparticulate Naproxen;"美国专利号6,221,400关于"Methods of Treating Mammals Using Nanocrystalline Formulations ofHuman Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)Protease Inhibitors;"美国专利号6,264,922关于"Nebulized Aerosols Containing Nanoparticle Dispersions;"美国专利号6,267,989关于"Methods for Preventing Crystal Growth and Particle Aggregation inNanoparticle Compositions;"美国专利号6,270,806关于"Use of PEG-DerivatizedLipids as Surface Stabilizers for Nanoparticulate Compositions;"美国专利号6,316,029关于"Rapidly Disintegrating Solid Oral Dosage Form,"美国专利号6,375,986关于"Solid Dose Nanoparticulate Compositions Comprising a SynergisticCombination of a Polymeric Surface Stabilizer and Dioctyl SodiumSulfosuccinate;"美国专利号6,428,814关于"Bioadhesive nanoparticulatecompositions having cationic surface stabilizers;"美国专利号6,431,478关于"Small Scale Mill;"and美国专利号6,432,381关于"Methods for targeting drugdelivery to the upper and/or lower gastrointestinal tract",所有这些都通过引用具体并入。此外,于2002年1月31日公开的美国专利申请号20020012675A1,关于“Controlled Release Nanoparticulate Compositions”,描述了纳米颗粒组合物,并且其通过引用具体并入。
包含本文所述化合物以及前药或盐形式的纳米颗粒制剂可用于治疗或预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒(包括戊型肝炎病毒)的感染。
无定形小颗粒组合物描述于,例如,美国专利号4,783,484关于"ParticulateComposition and Use Thereof as Antimicrobial Agent;"美国专利号4,826,689关于"Method for Making Uniformly Sized Particles from Water-Insoluble OrganicCompounds;"美国专利号4,997,454关于"Method for Making Uniformly-SizedParticles From Insoluble Compounds;"美国专利号5,741,522关于"Ultrasmall,Non-aggregated Porous Particles of Uniform Size for Entrapping Gas Bubbles Withinand Methods;"和美国专利号5,776,496,关于"Ultrasmall Porous Particles forEnhancing Ultrasound Back Scatter."
控释制剂
在一个优选的实施方案中,活性化合物与载体一起制备,所述载体将保护化合物免于从体内快速消除,例如控释制剂,包括但不限于植入物和微囊化递送系统。可以使用可生物降解的、生物相容的聚合物,例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酸酐、聚乙醇酸、胶原、聚原酸酯和聚乳酸。例如,肠溶包衣的化合物可用于保护胃酸的裂解。制备这种制剂的方法对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。合适的材料也可以商购获得。
脂质体悬浮液(包括但不限于用针对病毒抗原的单克隆抗体靶向感染细胞的脂质体)也是优选的药学上可接受的载体。这些可以根据本领域技术人员已知的方法制备,例如,如美国专利号4,522,811(通过引用并入)所述。例如,脂质体制剂可以通过如下方法制备:将适当的脂质(例如硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、花生四烯酰磷脂酰胆碱(arachadoyl phosphatidyl choline)和胆固醇)溶解在无机溶剂中,然后蒸发无机溶剂,在容器的表面上留下干燥的脂质薄膜。然后将活性化合物的水溶液引入容器中。然后用手旋转容器以从容器的侧面释放脂质材料并分散脂质聚集体,从而形成脂质体悬浮液。
用于描述本发明的术语是本领域技术人员通常使用和已知的。如本文所用,以下缩写具有所指示的含义:
Boc2O 二碳酸二叔丁酯
CbzCl 氯甲酸苄酯
CDI N,N'-羰基二咪唑
DCE 二氯乙烷
DCM 二氯甲烷
DIPEA 二异丙基乙基胺(Hünig碱)
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EDC 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐
Et3N 三乙胺
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
h 小时
HOBt 羟基苯并三唑
KOAC 醋酸钾
LiHMDS 双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺锂
M 摩尔
mCPBA 间氯过氧苯甲酸
MeOH 甲醇
MePPh3Br 甲基三苯基溴化磷
MsCl 甲磺酰氯
min 分钟
Py.SO3 三氧化硫吡啶配合物
rt或RT 室温
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层色谱法
TMSCF3 三甲基(三氟甲基)硅烷
需要添加气雾剂(可吸入治疗剂)
对于呼吸道病毒
IX.制备活性化合物的一般方法
容易制备活性化合物的方法是本领域已知的,并且是由已知方法的选择性组合而产生。本文公开的化合物可以如下文详细描述或通过本领域技术人员已知的其他方法来制备。本领域的普通技术人员将理解,可以在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下进行细节的变化,并且决不限制本发明的范围。
各种反应方案总结如下。
方案1是本发明活性化合物的合成,特别是化合物A的合成方法的非限制性实例。
方案2是本发明的中间体的合成,特别是化合物XVI、XVIII、XIX和XXI的合成方法的非限制性实例。
方案3是本发明的活性化合物的合成,特别是化合物B-D的合成方法的非限制性实例。
方案4是本发明活性化合物的合成,特别是化合物E的合成方法的非限制性实例。
通式A的化合物可以通过首先使通式I的氨基酸衍生物与醇反应来制备。然后可以对中间体II进行N-保护,例如在碱如Et3N存在下用Boc2O处理,然后在碱如LiHMDS存在下与通式IV的化合物反应。然后可以将通式V的氰基衍生物还原并最终环化得到VII。例如,当Boc用作保护基团时,可以在TFA存在下对中间体VII进行脱保护,然后在EDC和HOBt等肽偶联试剂存在下,与通式VIII的氨基酸反应。例如,在脱保护后,当Boc用作保护基团时,在TFA存在下,可以在肽偶联试剂如EDC和HOBt存在下使通式IX的化合物与化合物XII反应,所述化合物XII通过通式X的氨基酸和卤化试剂XI在碱如NaHCO3存在下反应制备。然后,可以用例如LiAlH4将通式XIII的酯还原,得到通式A的化合物。
方案1化合物A的合成方法
式XVI、XVIII、XIX和XXI的中间体可以通过以下方法制备:首先用还原剂如LiBH4还原通式VI的化合物,然后氧化形成通式XIV的醛,然后与化合物XV、XVII、XX或MePPh3Br反应。
方案2中间体XVI、XVIII、XIX和XXI的合成方法
式B-D化合物可以通过以下方法制备:首先将通式XVI、XVIII或XXI的化合物去保护,例如,当Boc用作保护基团时,在TFA的存在下,然后在肽偶联剂如EDC和HOBt的存在下,与通式XII的羧酸反应。
方案3化合物B-D的合成方法
式E化合物可以通过以下方法制备:首先对通式XIX的化合物去保护,例如,当Boc用作保护基团时,在TFA存在下;在肽偶联剂如EDC和HOBt存在下与通式XII的羧酸反应,并使用例如mCPBA进行环氧化。
方案3化合物E的合成方法
具体实施例
根据以下实施例和反应顺序制备了代表本发明的具体化合物;通过举例说明的方式提供了描述反应顺序的实施例和附图,以帮助理解本发明,并且不应解释为以任何方式限制在随后的权利要求中阐述的本发明。本发明化合物还可用作后续实施例中的中间体,以产生本发明的另外的化合物。没有必要尝试优化在任何反应中获得的收率。本领域技术人员将知道如何通过反应时间、温度、溶剂和/或试剂的常规变化来增加这样的收率。
无水溶剂购自Aldrich Chemical Company,Inc.(Milwaukee,WI)和EMDChemicals Inc.(Gibbstown,NJ)。试剂购自商业来源。除非另有说明,否则实施例中使用的材料是从易于获得的商业供应商获得的或通过化学合成领域技术人员已知的标准方法合成的。1H和13C NMR光谱在室温下在Bruker AscendTM 400MHz傅里叶变换光谱仪上获得,并以内部四甲基硅烷的低场ppm报告。进行了氘交换、去耦实验或2D-COSY以确认质子分配。信号多重性由s(单重峰)、d(双重峰)、dd(双重峰的双重峰)、t(三重峰)、q(四重峰)、br(宽峰)、bs(宽单峰)、m(多重峰)表示。所有J值均以Hz为单位。使用电喷雾技术在MicromassPlatformLC光谱仪上测定质谱。在铝支撑的硅胶(25μm)板上进行分析性TLC。在硅胶上或通过反相高效液相色谱进行柱层析。
实施例1
二甲基(2S,4S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-4-(2-氰基乙基)戊二酸酯(2)
在氩气气氛下,在-78℃,向N-Boc-L-谷氨酸二甲酯(1,16.5g,60.0mmol)在THF(180mL)中的溶液中滴加双(三甲基硅烷基)酰胺锂在THF(130mL,1M,130mmol)中的溶液。将所得混合物在-78℃下搅拌1.5小时。同时,在1h内将3-溴丙腈(9.63g,71.9mmol)滴加到二阴离子溶液中,同时保持温度低于-70℃。将反应混合物在-78℃再搅拌3小时。用NH4Cl水溶液(80mL)终止反应。让反应混合物升温至室温,然后加入EtOAc(140mL)。分离各层,水层用EtOAc(100mL x 2)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,并过滤。将滤液蒸发至干。粗残留物通过快速柱色谱纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=4/1),得到无色油状产物2(5.25g,27%)。1H NMR(CDC13,400MHz)δ:5.08(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),4.38(1H,m),3.74(3H,s),3.71(3H,s),2.62-2.65(1H,m),2.35-2.42(2H,m),1.97-2.04(4H,m),1.44(9H,s).13C-NMR(CDC13,100MHz)δ:15.16,27.31,28.26,34.47,40.77,51.55,52.20,52.60,80.37,118.70,115.38,172.36,174.42.ESI-MS(m/z):329.4(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(4)
将化合物2(2.15g,6.55mmol)、5mL氯仿和60mL甲醇放入氢化烧瓶中,然后加入PtO2(160mg,0.65mmol)。将所得混合物在室温和氢气压力(50Psi)下机械搅拌2天。然后用硅胶垫过滤混合物。向滤液中加入KOAc(1.27g,13mmol),并将所得混合物在60℃搅拌12h。除去溶剂后,粗残留物通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH=50:1至20:1),得到无色油状的产物4(1.21g,62%,分两步)。1H NMR(CDC13,400MHz)δ:6.41(1H,s),5.64(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),4.30-4.36(1H,m),3.31-3.33(1H,m),2.38-2.42(1H,m),2.25-2.34(1H,m),2.13-2.16(1H,m),1.81-1.93(3H,m),1.71-1.79(1H,m),1.52-1.61(1H,m),1.47(9H,s).13C-NMR(CDC13,100MHz)δ:21.54,26.53,28.29,34.28,37.97,42.35,51.70,52.30,79.81,155.92,173.18,174.58.ESI-MS(m/z):301.4(M+H)+。
甲基(5S,8S,11S)-5-(4-羟基苄基)-8-异丁基-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代
哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-酸酯(9)
向4(300mg,1.0mmol)的二噁烷溶液中加入4M HCl的二噁烷溶液。反应在室温下搅拌2h,然后浓缩。将粗HCl盐悬浮于DCM(10mL)中,并在0℃下加入(叔丁氧基羰基)-L-亮氨酸(254mg,1.1mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(169mg,1.25mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(240mg,1.25mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.7mL,4.0mmol)。移去冰浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后用EtOAc(100mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至10:1),得到化合物6(262mg,63%)。将化合物6(200mg,0.48mmol)溶于1:2TFA-DCM溶液(10mL)中,在室温下搅拌2h,然后在真空下浓缩。将粗HCl盐悬浮于DCM(10mL)中,并在0℃下加入((苄氧基)羰基)-L-酪氨酸8(166mg,0.53mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(82mg,0.61mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(161mg,0.61mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.33mL,1.92mmol)。移去冰浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用EtOAc(100mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至10:1),得到化合物9(170mg,58%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.39–7.20(m,5H),7.12–7.03(m,2H),6.80–6.65(m,2H),5.13–4.94(m,2H),4.64(s,1H),4.54(dd,J=11.5,4.2Hz,1H),4.40(ddd,J=17.8,9.2,5.5Hz,2H),3.72(s,3H),3.31–3.20(m,2H),3.05(dd,J=14.0,4.9Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=14.0,9.4Hz,1H),2.41(dt,J=9.9,5.0Hz,1H),2.30(ddd,J=15.5,11.6,4.1Hz,1H),2.04–1.88(m,2H),1.88–1.80(m,1H),1.79–1.58(m,4H),1.52(dtt,J=13.3,10.3,4.4Hz,2H),0.95(dd,J=13.9,6.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.04,173.48,172.75,172.45,156.89,155.80,136.77,130.01,128.05,127.22,114.83,66.16,56.45,51.83,51.43,49.83,41.56,40.48,37.32,36.82,32.76,25.52,24.31,21.99,20.85,20.81.ESI-MS(m/z):611.4(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨
基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯
(10)
在0℃,向9(120mg,0.2mmol)在THF(3mL)中的溶液中滴加LiBH4(4M的THF溶液,0.3mL,1.2mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后用1N HCl(15mL)猝灭。在室温下搅拌1h后,用乙酸乙酯萃取悬浮液,并用NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至10:1),得到化合物10(83mg,73%)。1HNMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.44–7.23(m,5H),7.08(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.71(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.18–4.97(m,3H),4.62(s,1H),4.43–4.28(m,2H),4.09–3.91(m,1H),3.51(qd,J=11.0,5.7Hz,2H),3.33(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),3.06(dd,J=14.1,5.0Hz,1H),2.80(dd,J=14.1,9.1Hz,1H),2.30(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.16–1.94(m,2H),1.79(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),1.75–1.56(m,5H),1.56–1.46(m,1H),1.01–0.88(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.01,173.42,172.89,157.15,155.87,136.70,129.99,128.05,127.62,127.55,127.34,114.88,66.33,64.15,56.75,52.22,41.63,40.51,37.29,36.60,32.74,25.66,24.38,22.11,20.64,20.56.ESI-MS(m/z):583.5(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-
2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(11)
向10(50mg,0.086mmol)在二氯甲烷-DMSO(4:1,1mL)中的溶液中加入三氧化硫吡啶络合物(55mg,0.34mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.06mL,0.34mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌12小时,然后用1N HCl(5mL)猝灭。用乙酸乙酯萃取悬浮液,用NaHCO3的饱和溶液和盐水洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残留物通过制备型TLC纯化(DCM/MeOH=12/1),得到白色固体形式的产物11(28mg,56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.39-7.23(m,5H),7.08(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.71(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.01(dd,J=25.6,12.8Hz,1H),4.65(s,1H),4.53–4.45(m,1H),4.37(dd,J=9.5,4.3Hz,2H),4.01(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.36(s,1H),3.23(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),3.06(dd,J=14.1,4.3Hz,1H),2.77(dd,J=13.4,10.4Hz,1H),2.27(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.15(t,J=13.1Hz,1H),2.01(dd,J=6.9,3.5Hz,1H),1.84–1.43(m,6H),1.01-0.87(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.10,173.55,173.46,172.89,172.80,157.02,155.82,136.75,129.98,128.05,127.74,127.51,127.25,114.84,98.40,98.32,66.21,56.57,54.07,53.77,52.22,50.72,50.62,41.62,40.66,40.59,37.05,37.02,36.77,30.50,29.93,25.43,24.38,24.32,21.97,20.85,20.52.ESI-MS(m/z):581.4(M+H)+。
实施例2
甲基(5R,8S,11S)-8-异丁基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧
代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-酸酯(13)
使用与化合物9的合成中所用的类似方法,由(R)-2-(((苄氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酸制备化合物13。白色固体188mg(83%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.17(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.50(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.44–7.24(m,7H),5.08(d,J=3.0Hz,2H),4.63(s,2H),4.52(dd,J=15.4,6.8Hz,3H),4.21(dd,J=10.9,3.8Hz,2H),3.66(s,3H),3.50(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.25–3.16(m,2H),2.50–2.28(m,3H),1.99–1.85(m,3H),1.80(d,J=13.8Hz,2H),1.69(d,J=13.5Hz,2H),1.54–1.37(m,3H),1.15(t,J=11.4Hz,1H),0.99(dd,J=16.3,5.6Hz,1H),0.63-0.67(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.11,173.65,172.72,172.29,156.89,136.72,134.10,132.56,131.94,128.48,128.09,127.63,127.58,127.37,125.99,125.37,125.15,123.33,66.42,56.53,51.56,51.36,49.68,41.51,39.70,37.24,34.36,32.53,25.23,23.64,22.03,20.66,20.20.ESI-MS(m/z):645.4(M+H)+。
苄基((R)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨
基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(14)
使用与化合物10的合成中所用的类似的程序从13制备。白色固体83mg(75%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.13(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.52(dt,J=14.7,6.9Hz,2H),7.43–7.26(m,6H),5.12(dd,J=29.6,12.4Hz,2H),5.07(s,1H),4.48(dd,J=9.6,6.0Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.4,3.3Hz,1H),4.02–3.93(m,1H),3.71(dt,J=12.2,6.1Hz,1H),3.57–3.37(m,5H),3.19(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.26–2.02(m,2H),1.93(dd,J=6.7,3.8Hz,1H),1.77(dd,J=12.7,4.6Hz,1H),1.63(t,J=11.3Hz,3H),1.52–1.36(m,3H),1.13(d,J=6.1Hz,7H),0.62-0.57(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.05,173.35,173.26,156.99,136.61,134.11,132.37,131.90,128.53,128.15,127.71,127.67,127.59,127.46,126.08,125.45,125.22,123.32,68.72,66.53,64.10,56.79,51.82,41.58,39.88,37.18,34.07,32.70,25.30,23.46,22.19,21.74,20.26,20.04.ESI-MS(m/z):617.4(M+H)+。
苄基((R)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)
丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(15)
使用与化合物11的合成中所用的类似的程序从化合物14制备。白色固体13mg(41%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.22(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.51(tt,J=18.1,9.0Hz,2H),7.37(dd,J=14.9,7.7Hz,2H),7.29(s,2H),7.22(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.05–4.92(m,2H),4.59(dt,J=21.6,10.7Hz,1H),4.48(t,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=9.9,4.6Hz,1H),4.10(dt,J=19.3,9.6Hz,1H),4.02(ddd,J=11.3,7.7,3.5Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=14.5,4.4Hz,1H),3.34(dd,J=18.8,7.1Hz,4H),3.26–3.11(m,3H),2.28(s,1H),2.17(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.08–1.96(m,1H),1.85–1.44(m,8H),1.47(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.03–0.85(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.08,173.45,173.43,172.71,172.61,156.86,136.69,134.03,133.09,131.99,128.45,128.01,127.53,127.49,127.27,125.86,125.26,125.00,123.28,98.40,98.32,98.25,66.26,66.17,55.83,55.61,52.36,52.28,52.22,50.72,50.54,41.61,40.64,40.57,40.29,38.11,37.08,37.04,34.53,34.36,30.44,29.89,26.44,25.49,25.46,24.44,24.38,22.14,21.92,21.13,20.90,20.56.ESI-MS(m/z):615.4(M+H)+。
实施例3
甲基(5S,8S,11S)-8-异丁基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧
代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-酸酯(17)
使用与化合物9的合成中所用的类似方法,由(S)-2-(((苄氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酸16制备化合物17。白色固体120mg(80%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.21(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.52(dt,J=20.4,7.1Hz,2H),7.43–7.34(m,2H),7.30(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.01(2H,与水峰重叠),4.71–4.59(m,2H),4.54(dt,J=26.7,11.3Hz,1H),4.51–4.39(m,1H),3.79–3.67(m,4H),3.32(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),3.29–3.17(m,2H),2.47–2.38(m,1H),2.35–2.31(m,1H),2.32(dd,J=18.3,7.5Hz,1H),2.06–1.96(m,1H),1.95–1.86(m,1H),1.77(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),1.75–1.65(m,2H),1.66–1.53(m,2H),1.03–0.85(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.04,173.57,173.48,172.62,172.48,156.80,136.69,134.02,133.05,132.01,128.45,128.03,127.51,127.25,125.86,125.27,125.01,123.29,66.16,55.53,51.98,51.42,49.92,49.82,41.55,40.43,37.33,34.51,32.78,25.54,24.36,21.95,20.87,20.83.ESI-MS(m/z):645.5(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)
丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(19)
使用与化合物11的合成中所用的类似的程序从化合物17合成化合物19。白色固体11mg(41%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.22(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.51(tt,J=18.1,9.0Hz,2H),7.37(dd,J=15.0,7.8Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=15.0Hz,2H),7.23(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.97(d,J=9.8Hz,2H),4.60(dd,J=9.5,4.4Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=10.1,6.1Hz,1H),4.44–4.35(m,1H),4.02(ddd,J=11.3,7.7,3.5Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=14.5,4.4Hz,1H),3.40–3.32(m,3H),3.26–3.12(m,3H),2.46–2.35(m,1H),2.28(s,1H),2.17(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.84–1.55(m,7H),1.47(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),1.02–0.83(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.08,173.45,173.43,172.71,172.61,156.86,136.69,134.03,133.09,131.99,128.45,128.01,127.53,127.49,127.27,125.86,125.26,125.00,123.28,98.32,98.25,66.26,66.17,55.61,52.36,52.28,52.22,50.72,50.54,41.61,40.64,40.57,40.29,38.11,37.08,37.04,34.53,34.36,30.44,29.89,26.44,25.49,25.46,24.44,24.38,22.14,21.92,21.13,20.90,20.56.ESI-MS(m/z):615.5(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙
烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)吡嗪-2-甲酰胺(23)
使用与化合物11的合成中所用的类似的程序从化合物6合成化合物23。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ9.09(dd,J=16.5,1.4Hz,1H),8.75(dd,J=4.9,2.4Hz,1H),8.63(td,J=2.5,1.4Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.3,5.0Hz,1H),7.76(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.60–7.43(m,3H),7.37(dt,J=9.7,7.5Hz,1H),5.14–5.00(m,1H),4.59–4.37(m,2H),4.25–4.12(m,1H),4.08–3.99(m,1H),3.89(ddd,J=19.4,9.9,3.8Hz,1H),3.62–3.46(m,1H),3.25(td,J=9.3,8.4,3.7Hz,2H),2.41(dt,J=10.3,5.7Hz,1H),2.31(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.18(ddd,J=14.7,8.8,3.3Hz,1H),2.04(tt,J=9.8,5.0Hz,1H),1.93–1.58(m,4H),1.07–0.82(m,6H).ESI-MS(m/z):587.5(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)
丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)吡嗪-2-甲酰胺
(29)
使用与化合物11的合成中所用的类似的程序从化合物24合成化合物29。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ9.09(dd,J=20.6,1.4Hz,1H),8.75(dd,J=6.2,2.5Hz,1H),8.62(tt,J=2.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.29(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.85(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.75(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.51(dq,J=27.0,7.3Hz,3H),7.37(dt,J=15.0,7.6Hz,1H),5.16–4.97(m,1H),4.58–4.36(m,2H),4.09(dq,J=8.5,4.3Hz,1H),4.03–3.93(m,1H),3.87(td,J=15.6,14.5,5.2Hz,1H),3.53(ddd,J=19.6,14.2,9.0Hz,1H),2.60–2.43(m,1H),2.41–2.29(m,1H),2.22(dt,J=14.0,4.7Hz,1H),2.11–1.98(m,1H),1.89(q,J=10.7,9.9Hz,1H),1.83–1.54(m,4H),0.97-0.91(m,6H).ESI-MS(m/z):573.5(M+H)+。
(S)-2-(((苄基氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙酸(31)
向对氟苯丙氨酸(2.56g,13.98mmol)、NaHCO3(1.76g,21mmol)、K2CO3(2.90g,21mmol)在THF-H2O(v/v=1:1,50mL)中的溶液中加入CbzCl(2.2mL,15.4mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。挥发液蒸发后,用乙酸乙酯(10mL)洗涤反应混合物,然后通过加入1NHCl将水相的pH值调节至pH=1。最后用乙酸乙酯(30mL×4)萃取水层,合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发后得到化合物31(4.2g,95%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.37–7.12(m,7H),6.96(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.11–4.93(m,2H),4.47(dd,J=9.3,5.0Hz,1H),3.19(dd,J=14.0,5.0Hz,1H),2.92(dd,J=14.0,9.3Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ173.61,163.03,160.62,156.94,136.74,133.08,133.05,130.72,130.64,128.08,127.61,127.34,114.78,114.57,66.20,55.37,36.45.19F NMR(377MHz,甲醇-d4)δ-119.46。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C17H17FNO4的计算值:318.1,实测:318.2。
甲基(5S,8S,11S)-5-(4-氟苄基)-8-异丁基-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-酸酯(33)
在0℃,向化合物32(230mg,0.66mmol)和氨基酸31(250mg,0.79mmol)在DCM(6.0mL)中的溶液中加入1-羟基苯并三唑(135mg,1.0mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(190mg,1.0mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.7mL,4.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,用EtOAc(50mL)稀释反应混合物,并用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和饱和NaCl溶液洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层。将溶剂在真空中浓缩,通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 20:1),得到化合物33(280mg,69%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.28(m,4H),7.08–6.90(m,3H),5.16–4.94(m,2H),4.42(ddd,J=8.3,5.7,3.1Hz,2H),3.72(s,4H),3.29–3.20(m,2H),3.14(dd,J=14.0,4.7Hz,1H),2.82(dd,J=14.0,9.7Hz,1H),2.47–2.18(m,2H),2.08–1.78(m,2H),1.73-1.51(m,J=4H),0.93和0.98(2s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ175.01,173.60,173.51,172.52,172.45,172.43,163.01,160.59,156.90,156.85,136.79,133.19,133.15,130.77,130.69,130.61,128.03,127.55,127.31,127.28,114.69,114.48,66.16,66.07,56.19,52.00,51.97,51.91,51.87,51.37,49.94,49.84,41.56,40.55,40.51,37.35,36.77,32.83,32.79,25.58,24.34,21.97,20.85,20.82.19F NMR(377MHz,甲醇-d4)δ-119.88–-119.94(m)。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C32H42FN4O7的计算值:613.3,实测:613.5。
苄基((S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(34)
在0℃,向33(230mg,0.38mmol)在THF(2.0mL)中的溶液中滴加LiBH4(4M的THF溶液,0.25mL,1.0mmol)。将混合物室温下搅拌2h。然后用1N HCl(5mL)淬灭反应,并在室温下搅拌1h。向混合物中加入乙酸乙酯(30mL),用1N HCl、NaHCO3和盐水洗涤有机层。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,将滤液蒸发至干。残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至10:1),得到产物34(174mg,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.88(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.38–7.21(m,6H),6.98(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.16–4.96(m,2H),4.39(dt,J=12.9,6.2Hz,3H),4.02(ddd,J=8.9,5.8,2.9Hz,1H),3.60–3.42(m,2H),3.25(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),3.15(dd,J=14.1,4.7Hz,1H),2.85(dd,J=14.1,9.5Hz,1H),2.31(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),2.18–1.96(m,2H),1.90–1.77(m,1H),1.72–1.57(m,5H),0.95(d,J=5.7Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=5.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.98,173.48,173.40,172.53,163.02,160.60,157.06,136.71,133.11,130.75,130.67,128.02,127.56,127.38,127.29,114.72,114.50,66.29,64.16,56.42,52.26,52.22,41.62,40.52,37.29,36.57,32.76,25.71,24.42,22.07,20.62.19F NMR(377MHz,甲醇-d4)δ-119.74–-119.82(m)。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C31H42FN4O6的计算值:585.3,实测:585.5。
苄基((S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(35)
向化合物34(123mg,0.21mmol)的二氯甲烷(2.0mL)溶液中加入Dess-Martin高碘化物(43mg,0.1mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后通过硅胶垫过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。将滤液蒸发至干,残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至12:1),得到产物35(70mg,57%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.18(dd,J=7.5,4.1Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.42–7.15(m,12H),6.98(t,J=8.8Hz,3H),5.16–4.95(m,3H),4.41(qd,J=6.2,3.8,3.3Hz,3H),4.02(ddt,J=9.1,5.8,2.7Hz,1H),3.23(t,J=4.9Hz,3H),3.15(dd,J=14.1,4.9Hz,2H),2.83(dd,J=13.7,10.0Hz,1H),2.35–2.24(m,1H),2.23–2.11(m,2H),2.02(dt,J=10.5,3.5Hz,1H),1.75–1.57(m,7H),0.94(dd,J=13.6,6.1Hz,10H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.05,173.53,173.50,172.51,172.42,163.00,160.59,156.92,136.75,133.17,130.75,130.67,128.04,128.02,127.54,127.35,127.32,114.75,114.71,114.54,114.49,98.39,98.32,66.19,56.26,54.03,53.80,53.73,52.28,52.24,50.80,50.62,41.62,40.71,40.64,40.40,37.07,37.03,36.77,30.45,29.92,26.46,25.50,25.47,24.41,24.35,22.15,21.97,21.94,21.14,20.89,20.85,20.57,20.54.19F NMR(377MHz,氯仿-d)δ-117.12–-117.37(m)。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C31H40FN4O6的计算值:583.3,实测:583.5。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S,E)-5-氨基-4-氰基-5-氧代-1-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)戊-3-烯-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(36)
向2-氰基乙酰胺(6.5mg,0.08mmol)和19(50mg,0.08mmol)的乙醇(0.2mL)溶液中加入哌啶(0.66M的乙醇溶液,12μL,0.008mmol)。然后将反应容器放入微波反应器(CEMDiscover)中,在80℃下辐照25分钟。真空除去挥发性物质后,将反应混合物通过制备型TLC纯化(EtOAc/MeOH 20/1),得到白色固体状2-氰基-3-(取代的苯基)丙烯酰胺产物36(8mg,15%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.21(q,J=12.1,10.0Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.84–7.72(m,1H),7.53(dt,J=22.7,7.3Hz,2H),7.45–7.36(m,1H),7.36–7.17(m,6H),5.00(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.62(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.45–4.26(m,1H),3.78–3.65(m,1H),3.28–3.16(m,4H),2.50–2.16(m,1H),2.04(s,1H),1.85(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.64(dd,J=8.4,4.7Hz,1H),1.06–0.73(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ175.97,175.49,173.37,172.76,157.28,156.97,136.65,134.03,132.99,131.98,128.45,128.03,128.00,127.51,127.31,127.26,125.88,125.27,125.00,123.26,114.64,113.42,66.27,64.16,55.77,52.35,52.19,41.61,41.56,40.09,37.34,37.30,34.30,24.56,24.46,22.06,20.81,20.66,20.51。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C38H44N6O6的计算值:680.3,实测:680.5。
(5S,8S,11S)-12-羟基-8-异丁基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-磺酸钠(37)
将19(19mg,0.03mmol)和亚硫酸氢钠(4.5mg,0.04mmol)在EtOAc/EtOH/H2O混合物(1:0.6:0.25,0.2mL)中的溶液在55℃搅拌3h,然后冷却至室温。将形成的沉淀真空过滤,并用无水乙醇彻底洗涤固体。然后将滤液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到淡黄色油状物,用乙醚处理,形成白色固体。使用移液管仔细除去溶剂,得到化合物37(15mg,67%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.92(dd,J=7.7,3.6Hz,1H),7.85–7.74(m,2H),7.70–7.49(m,2H),7.30(dt,J=9.1,5.6Hz,3H),7.24–7.13(m,2H),4.45(q,J=10.8,9.2Hz,1H),4.39–4.18(m,1H),3.87(d,J=4.8Hz,0H),3.21–2.97(m,3H),2.17(ddd,J=21.8,11.5,4.6Hz,1H),2.01(d,J=14.7Hz,1H),1.96–1.79(m,1H),1.76–1.63(m,2H),1.57–1.41(m,4H),0.92(d,J=4.8Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=4.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ201.42,173.16,173.00,172.94,171.82,171.72,156.25,137.40,134.19,133.83,132.07,129.03,128.72,128.08,127.87,127.75,127.70,127.48,126.52,126.00,125.77,124.19,65.63,61.62,56.05,55.81,55.69,51.70,41.68,41.55,41.40,34.98,26.18,24.66,23.54,23.37,22.27,22.12,21.85,21.77,15.60。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C35H45N4O9S的计算值:697.3,实测:697.5。
苄基((2S)-1-(((2S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((2S)-4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-1-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丁烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(38)
在-78℃,在5分钟内向化合物19(61mg,0.1mmol)和氟化铯在THF(76mg,0.5mmol)中的溶液中滴加Me3SiCF3(2M的THF溶液,0.1mL,0.2mmol)。然后反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,并用1N HCl(0.5mL)猝灭。1小时后,向反应混合物中加入EtOAc(10mL),用1N HCl、NaHCO3和水洗涤有机层。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,并在减压下浓缩。残留物通过制备型薄层色谱纯化(DCM/MeOH 20:1),得到化合物38(19mg,28%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.21(s,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.98–7.80(m,1H),7.78(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.65–7.45(m,1H),7.36(d,J=15.8Hz,5H),6.70–6.38(m,2H),5.99(d,J=33.3Hz,1H),5.66–5.40(m,1H),5.04(s,1H),4.66(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.46(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.33(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.76–3.62(m,1H),3.46–3.36(m,1H),3.24(s,2H),2.22(s,1H),2.10–1.86(m,3H),1.75(s,2H),0.98–0.78(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ175.83,174.65,173.21,172.79,172.58,156.79,136.72,134.04,133.08,132.87,131.99,128.45,128.03,128.00,127.51,127.36,127.28,125.86,125.26,125.00,123.25,66.22,55.64,52.55,41.68,41.57,39.75,38.56,37.11,36.84,34.59,26.45,24.52,24.42,22.22,22.09,21.54,20.53,20.30.19F NMR(377MHz,氯仿-d)δ-75.94,-77.58。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C36H44F3N4O6的计算值:685.3,实测:685.5。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-4,4,4-三氟-3-氧代-1-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丁烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(39)
将化合物38(19mg,0.03mmol)和Dess-Martin高碘化物(45mg,0.11mmol)在二氯甲烷(0.8mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌1h。反应混合物通过硅胶垫过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,真空浓缩。残留物通过两次连续的制备型TLC纯化(DCM/甲醇=20/1,然后100%乙酸乙酯),得到白色固体状化合物39(10mg,53%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.22(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.52(dt,J=15.2,7.6Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=9.6Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),7.21(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.95(s,1H),4.69–4.55(m,1H),4.47(dd,J=10.2,6.1Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),3.73(d,J=14.7Hz,1H),3.28–3.16(m,2H),2.40–2.18(m,2H),2.04(s,1H),1.85–1.67(m,1H),1.60(dt,J=13.3,7.3Hz,2H),1.44(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),1.03–0.81(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.01,175.84,173.66,173.39,172.79,172.66,156.79,136.70,134.03,133.09,131.99,128.45,128.01,127.48,127.30,127.22,125.85,125.25,125.00,123.25,66.13,66.09,55.49,52.29,52.05,49.71,49.43,41.57,40.32,37.00,36.87,34.58,30.12,29.99,29.36,25.62,25.43,24.35,24.32,22.06,21.98,20.76,20.72,20.62.19F NMR(377MHz,CD3OD)δ-79.48,-79.97。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C36H42F3N4O6的计算值:683.3,实测:683.5和701.5[M+H2O]+。
叔丁基((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(41)
在0℃,向化合物40(600mg,2.0mmol)的MeOH(10mL)溶液中加入NaBH4(152mg,4.0mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用1N HCl(5mL)猝灭,最后在室温下搅拌1h。用乙酸乙酯(3x30mL)萃取悬浮液,并用NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,然后蒸发至干。残留物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 50:1至10:1),得到化合物41(480mg,88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ6.42(s,1H),5.57(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.70(dt,J=24.3,5.3Hz,2H),3.63–3.51(m,2H),3.48(s,0H),3.32(qd,J=4.8,2.2Hz,2H),2.38(dt,J=11.0,5.5Hz,1H),2.17(s,1H),2.01-2.1(m,1H),1.96–1.81(m,1H),1.80–1.66(m,2H),1.56(dtd,J=13.5,10.5,3.0Hz,1H),1.44(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.78,156.55,79.31,65.64,53.43,50.66,50.47,42.45,38.10,32.80,28.39,26.90,21.64。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C13H25N2O4的计算值:273.2,实测:273.5。
叔丁基((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(42)
将化合物41(400mg,1.47mmol)和Dess-Martin高碘化物(750mg,1.77mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌2h。通过硅藻土垫过滤反应混合物,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL)洗涤。用硫代硫酸钠溶液(0.4N,10mL)和NaHCO3溶液(5%,10mL)洗涤有机层。用Na2SO4干燥有机层,并过滤。减压蒸发滤液,得到粗产物42(364mg,92%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.55(s,1H),6.33–6.14(m,1H),4.28–4.15(m,1H),3.43–3.20(m,4H),2.47–2.25(m,1H),2.19(ddd,J=14.2,8.6,7.1Hz,1H),1.88(tt,J=8.5,4.4Hz,2H),1.75(dtd,J=13.8,7.3,3.3Hz,1H),1.64–1.51(m,1H),1.45(d,J=12.1Hz,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ200.77,174.84,156.18,79.94,60.40,58.30,42.39,37.34,31.50,28.40,28.32,27.38,21.31。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C13H23N2O4的计算值:271.2,实测:271.5。
叔丁基((2S)-4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-1-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丁烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(44)
在-78℃,在10分钟内向粗品42(270mg,1.0mmol)和CsF(180mg,1.18mmol)在THF(3.0mL)中的溶液中滴加TMSCF3(2.0M的THF溶液,0.7mL,1.4mmol)。加入后,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h,加入1N HCl溶液(10mL)猝灭,再搅拌30分钟。用乙酸乙酯(30ml x 3)萃取反应混合物,用饱和NaHCO3溶液和水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。残留物通过硅胶柱快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至10:1),得到化合物44。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C14H24F3N2O4的计算值:341.2,实测:341.5。
苄基((2S)-1-(((2S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((2S)-4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-1-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丁烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(38)
向粗产物44(50mg,0.18mmol)在DCM(1.5mL)中的溶液中加入4N HCl在二噁烷(0.6mL,2.4mmol)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后在减压下除去挥发性物质。将残留物溶于DCM(1.0mL)中,在0℃下加入化合物46(46mg,0.1mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(28mg,0.2mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(38mg,0.2mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.14mL,0.8mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(20mL)稀释。用1N HCl溶液、NaHCO3溶液(5%)和盐水洗涤有机层。用Na2SO4干燥有机层。蒸发溶剂,残留物通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH 30:1至15:1),得到产物38。LC-MS:m/z[M+H]+对C36H44F3N4O6的计算值:685.3,实测:685.5。
叔丁基((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(49)
室温下,向化合物47(1.0g,3.49mmol)的甲醇(40mL)溶液中加入NaBH4(0.53g,14mmol)。在此温度下搅拌反应混合物2小时,然后用水(30mL)猝灭。用EtOAc(50mL x 3)萃取悬浮液,合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,最后在真空下蒸发。然后将残留物溶于二氯甲烷(20mL)中,并加入Dess-Martin高碘化物(1.48g,3.49mmol)和NaHCO3(0.37g,3.49mmol)。所得混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。混合物用EtOAc(150mL)稀释,有机层依次用10%Na2S2O4水溶液、饱和NaHCO3溶液、1N HCl溶液和盐水洗涤。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,然后浓缩,得到白色固体状产物49,用于下一步,无需进一步纯化。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ9.73(1H,s),6.02(1H,br),5.48(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),4.36–4.25(1H,m),3.38–3.32(2H,m),2.50–2.44(2H,m),2.11–2.03(1H,m),1.88–1.76(2H,m),1.43(9H,s).LCMS-ESI(m/z):257(M+H)+。
叔丁基((S)-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(50)
在-78℃,向甲基三苯基溴化磷(3.29g,9.29mmol)在THF(10mL)中的悬浮液中加入LiHMDS(30.3g,152mmol)。将所得黄色悬浮液加热至室温,并在相同温度下搅拌1小时。将反应混合物冷却至-78℃后,滴加醛49(1.07g,4.4mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃搅拌过夜。用MeOH(0.5mL)终止反应,并将所得混合物倒入1N HCl溶液(20mL)中。用Et2O(3x20mL)提取,用Na2SO4干燥,真空蒸发溶剂,得到橙色半固体,用硅胶色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH=20/1),得到白色固体50(0.36g,32%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ6.89(s,1H),5.72–5.80(m,1H),5.03–5.20(m,3H),4.14(s,br,1H),3.23–3.31(m,2H),2.40–2.46(m,2H),1.72-1.77(m,1H),1.45-1.52(m,1H),1.40(s,9H)。
叔丁基((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(51)
向50(250mg,1.04mmol)的二噁烷(5mL)溶液中加入4M HCl的二噁烷溶液(2mL)。反应在室温下搅拌3h,然后在真空下除去挥发性物质。残余物最后与甲苯共蒸发,脱保护产物为无色油状物。向该氨基衍生物在DCM(20mL)中的溶液中加入EDC(250mg,1.3mmol)、HOBt(176mg,1.3mmol)、Boc-L-Leu-OH(280mg,1.2mmol)和DIPEA(0.84mL,4.8mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去挥发性物质后,得到无色油状的标题化合物51(250mg,67%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):368(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(52)
将化合物51(370mg,1.0mmol)溶于DCM(6mL)中,并用三氟乙酸(2mL)处理。将溶液在室温下搅拌3h,并在真空下除去溶剂。将粗化合物真空干燥5h,用于下一步,无需进一步纯化。向脱保护氨基酸在DCM(20mL)中的溶液中加入EDCI(230mg,1.2mmol)、HOBt(160mg,1.2mmol)、Z-L-Ala(-1-萘基)-OH(350mg,1.0mmol)和DIPEA(0.7mL,4.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释反应混合物。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤。然后用Na2SO4干燥有机层,并在真空下除去溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱纯化(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到白色固体状标题化合物52(320mg,54%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOH-d4)δ8.18(t,J=10.1Hz,2H),7.87(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.48-7.54(m,2H),7.21-7.40(m,7H),5.80-5.85(m,1H),5.21(dt,J1=1.4Hz,J2=17.2Hz,1H),5.17(dt,J1=1.4Hz,J2=10.4Hz,1H),4.95-4.97(m,2H),4.59-4.65(m,1H),4.40-4.52(m,2H),3.67-3.73(m,1H),3.16-3.28(m,2H),2.47-2.49(m,1H),2.24-2.27(m,1H),1.47-1.77(m,4H),0.91-0.96(m,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,MeOH-d4)δ181.02,172.93,171.58,156.92,138.32,136.69,134.04,132.98,131.98,128.48,128.03,127.52,127.29,125.90,125.30,125.02,123.25,113.62,66.23,60.14,55.81,52.43,49.33,40.68,40.10,38.28,35.58,34.53,27.51,24.40,21.97,20.84,19.49,13.09;LCMS-ESI(m/z):599(M+H)+。
苄基((2S)-1-(((2S)-4-甲基-1-(((1S)-1-(噁丙环(oxiran-2-基)-2-((S)-2-氧
代吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)氨基)-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)
氨基甲酸酯(53)
向化合物52(50mg,0.08mmol)在含有Na2HP3O4(6M,40μL,0.24mmol)的DCM(5mL)中的溶液中加入mCPBA(70%,62mg,0.25mmol)。将混合物室温下搅拌24h。加入EtOAc(30mL),将溶液用NaHCO3的饱和溶液、1N HCl、盐水洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。真空浓缩后,残余物通过制备型TLC纯化,得到白色固体状53(20mg,39%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOH-d4)δ8.11-8.23(m,1H),7.94-8.01(m,1H),7.89(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.23-7.61(m,8H),4.98(s,2H),4.59-4.62(m,1H),4.35-4.40(m,1H),4.02-4.10(m,1H),3.69-3.74(m,1H),3.21-3.28(m,2H),3.04-3.07(m,1H),2.75-2.77(m,1H),2.58-2.60(m,1H),2.45-2.52(m,1H),2.09-2.33(m,2H),1.53-1.81(m,4H),1.30-1.37(m,1H),0.88-0.98(m,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,MeOH-d4)δ180.88,173.64,173.56,172.75,156.87,136.69,134.03,133.00,132.19,131.98,129.67,128.44,128.01,127.50,127.26,127.20,125.87,125.28,124.99,123.24,66.20,55.57,53.29,52.40,44.06,40.51,40.06,38.05,34.38,32.54,27.43,24.50,21.95,20.66;LCMS-ESI(m/z):615(M+H)+,633(M+H+H2O)+
甲基((S)-2-(((苄氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰基)-L-亮氨酸酯(56)
向Cbz-L-Ala(1-萘基)-OH 55(0.78g,2.25mmol)和L-Leu-OMe(0.45g,2.48mmol)在DCM(50mL)中的溶液中加入EDCI(560mg,2.9mmol)、HOBt(400mg,2.9mmol)和DIPEA(1.6mL,9mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,此时加入H2O(100mL)和EtOAc(200mL)。有机层依次用HCl水溶液(1M,50mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(200mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥。真空下除去溶剂,从乙酸乙酯(0.9g,85%)中结晶后得到黄色固体状的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOH-d4)δ7.89(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.49-7.58(m,2H),7.36-7.41(m,8H),5.82(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.51-5.53(m,1H),5.08-5.16(m,2H),4.60-4.65(m,1H),4.44-4.59(m,1H),4.09-4.23(m,2H),3.21-3.27(m,2H),2.48-2.52(m,1H),1.57-1.80(m,4H),1.21-1.40(m,;LCMS-ESI(m/z):477(M+H)+。
((S)-2-(((苄基氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰基)-L-亮氨酸(57)
向甲酯56(2.0g,4.2mmol)在MeOH(19mL)中的溶液中加入LiOH·H2O(270mg,6.3mmol)在H2O(1mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。真空除去挥发物,得到无色残留物,在EtOAc和HCl水溶液(1M)之间分配。分离有机层,依次用HCl水溶液(1M)和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,并在真空下除去溶剂,得到玻璃状固体。从EtOAc中重结晶得到白色固体状标题化合物57(1.86g,96%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.13-8.21(m,1H),7.89(s,br,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.25-7.57(m,9H),5.02-5.17(m,1H),4.33-4.59(m,1H),3.34-3.56(m,1H),1.34-1.54(m,3H),0.84-0.88(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):463(M+H)+。
甲基(5S,8S,11S,E)-8-异丁基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四-12-烯-14-酸酯(60)
向化合物59(330mg,1.0mmol)在二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液中加入HCl(4M的二噁烷溶液,2mL)。反应在室温下搅拌3h,然后在真空下除去挥发性物质,得到粗脱保护胺,直接用于下一步。将该化合物溶解于DCM(20mL)中,并加入EDC(250mg,1.3mmol)、HOBt(176mg,1.3mmol)、二肽57(460mg,1.0mmol)和DIPEA(0.84mL,4.8mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,并在真空下除去溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱纯化,得到白色固体状60(460mg,70%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.18-8.21(m,1H),7.74-7.94(m,3H),7.23-7.68(m,8H),6.91(dd,J=15.5,5.3Hz,1H),5.90-6.02(m,1H),4.95-5.01(m,1H),4.60-4.65(m,1H),4.32-4.86(m,1H),4.01-4.23(m,2H),3.70-3.75(m,1H),3.21-3.27(m,2H),2.48-2.52(m,1H),2.40-2.66(m,1H),1.58-1.80(m,4H),1.20-1.40(m,6H),0.89-1.10(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):657(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((R)-5-羟基-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(61)
在0℃,向甲酯60(34mg,0.05mmol)在干燥THF(3mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4(2M的THF溶液,0.03mL,0.06mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用HCl水溶液(1M)猝灭。加入乙酸乙酯(20mL),有机层用H2O进一步洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,真空除去溶剂,得到白色固体。从EtOAc中重结晶得到白色固体状61(9mg,29%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.21(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.97–7.71(m,3H),7.52(dt,J=14.6,7.5Hz,2H),7.45–7.20(m,9H),5.10–4.94(m,2H),4.58(dd,J=9.5,5.3Hz,1H),4.46–4.29(m,1H),4.12(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.97(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),3.70(dd,J=14.0,5.0Hz,1H),3.30–3.17(m,2H),2.59–2.20(m,5H),2.05–1.38(m,7H),1.37–1.16(m,4H),0.93(td,J=12.7,10.8,5.7Hz,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):631(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((R)-5-氧代-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(62)
在0℃,向61(47mg,0.075mmol)在DCM(4mL)和DMSO(1mL)中的溶液中加入DIPEA(50μL,0.3mmol)。将溶液搅拌30min,然后加入SO3吡啶络合物(47mg,0.3mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用EtOAc(50mL)稀释。分离有机相,然后依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去挥发性物质后,残余物通过制备型TLC纯化(DCM:MeOH 20:1),得到白色固体状62。LCMS-ESI(m/z):629(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S,E)-5-羟基-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)戊-3-烯-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(63)
在0℃下,向60(67mg,0.1mmol)的DCM(3mL)溶液中加入DIBAL(1M,0.2mL,0.3mmol)。将反应在0℃搅拌2h,然后用1M HCl(0.1mL)猝灭。将反应混合物加热至室温,并用EtOAc(15mL)稀释。有机相依次用1M HCl(5mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(5mL)和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,并在真空下除去溶剂。残留物通过硅胶色谱法纯化(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到63。1HNMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.22(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=41.9,7.7Hz,2H),7.53(dt,J=14.5,7.6Hz,1H),7.44–7.13(m,7H),5.81–5.63(m,1H),4.68–4.27(m,4H),4.07(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.80–3.62(m,1H),2.60–2.17(m,3H),2.03(dd,J=24.1,7.1Hz,2H),1.82–1.45(m,6H),1.31(s,H),1.04–0.85(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):629(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S,E)-5-氧代-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)戊-3-烯-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(64)
在0℃下,向醇63(56mg,0.09mmol)在DCM(4mL)和DMSO(1mL)中的溶液中加入DIPEA(0.13mL,0.36mmol)。将溶液搅拌30min,然后加入SO3吡啶络合物(60mg,0.36mmol)。然后将反应混合物在0℃搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(25mL)稀释。分离有机相,然后依次用HCl水溶液(1M,10mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(10mL)和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去挥发性物质后,残余物通过制备型TLC纯化,得到64,为白色固体(mg,75%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ9.55(dd,J=1.6,7.8Hz,1H),8.21(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.48-7.57(m,2H),7.23-7.41(m,7H),6.91-6.97(m,1H),6.14-6.20(m,1H),4.99(s,2H),4.74-4.85(m,1H),4.59-4.63(m,1H),4.37-4.41(m,1H),3.68-3.74(m,1H),3.24-3.29(m,2H),2.45-2.61(m,1H),2.24-2.32(m,1H),1.62-1.84(m,5H),0.89-0.98(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):627(M+H)+。
叔丁基((S,E)-4-(甲基磺酰基)-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(65)
在-78℃下,向二乙基((甲磺酰基)甲基)膦酸酯(1.46g,6.3mmol)在THF(60mL)中的溶液中滴加BuLi(1M,6.5mL,6.5mmol)。搅拌30min后,在30min内加入醛49(1.35g,5.3mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液。在1小时内将反应混合物升温至室温,并再搅拌3小时。加入MeOH(1mL)淬灭反应,真空除去溶剂。残余物在EtOAc(150m)和1N HCl水溶液(80mL)之间分配,有机相分别用NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),浓缩,残留物通过硅胶色谱法纯化(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到65(25%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):333[M+H]。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-(((S,E)-4-(甲基磺酰基)-1-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(66)
将化合物65(330mg,1mmol)和三氟乙酸(2mL)在DCM(6mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌3h。真空除去溶剂,残留物与甲苯共蒸发三次。然后将残留物溶于DCM(30mL)中,并加入二肽57(480mg,1.05mmol)、EDCI(250mg,1.3mmol)、HOBt(180mg,1.3mmol)和DIPEA(0.7mL,4mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(80mL)稀释。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。真空下除去挥发性物质,残留物从EtOAc中重结晶,得到白色固体状66(27mg,31%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.21(d,J=8.72Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.76Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=4.84Hz,1H),7.48-7.59(m,2H),7.25-7.40(m,7H),6.86(dd,J=4.8,15.32Hz,1H),6.7(d,J=15.16Hz,1H),5.01-5.05(m,2H),4.70-4.72(m,1H),4.56-4.60(m,1H),4.31-4.34(m,1H),3.66-3.73(m,1H),2.99(s,3H),2.51-2.54(m,1H),2.27-2.29(m,1H),1.61-1.84(m,4H),0.91-0/98(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):677(M+H)+。
苄基((2S)-1-(((2S)-4-甲基-1-(((1S)-1-(3-(甲基磺酰基)噁丙环-2-基)-2-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)氨基)-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(67)
在-78℃,向TBHP(5.5M,50μL,0.27mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液中加入MeLi(2.5M,0.1mL,0.25mmol)。将所得混合物在-78℃搅拌15分钟,然后滴加化合物66(123mg,0.18mmol)在THF(1mL)中的溶液。将所得混合物在0℃搅拌过夜。加入固体Na2SO3(200mg),并将悬浮液搅拌15min。用饱和NH4Cl水溶液稀释后,用EtOAc(30mL x 3)萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,并在真空下浓缩。粗油通过柱色谱法纯化(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到淡黄色固体状67。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.23(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.53(dd,J=17.7,7.7Hz,1H),7.45–7.18(m,6H),4.98(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.72(q,J=7.2,6.7Hz,1H),4.60(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=26.2,3.5Hz,1H),4.19–4.05(m,2H),3.69(dt,J=13.1,6.2Hz,1H),3.38(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),2.58(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),2.43–2.30(m,1H),2.05–1.92(m,1H),1.82(ddd,J=13.2,8.8,4.4Hz,1H),1.75–1.44(m,2H),1.40–1.21(m,2H),0.94(hept,J=6.7Hz,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):693(M+H)+。
S-((S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丙基)硫代乙酸酯(32)
在0℃,向N-[1-(羟基甲基)环丙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯2(3.74g,20.0mmol)和NEt3(3.4mL,24.0mmol)的CH2Cl2(100mL)溶液中滴加甲磺酰氯(1.9mL,24.0mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌20h,在减压下除去挥发性组分后,残留物用H2O(60mL)稀释。水相用EtOAc(3x60mL)萃取,合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥并真空浓缩。向残留物的DMF(90mL)溶液中加入K2CO3(6.78g,20.8mmol)和硫代乙酸(1.5mL,20.8mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,然后在减压下除去挥发性组分。向残留物中加入1N HCl(90mL),水相用EtOAc(3x100mL)萃取。合并的有机相用Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残留物从己烷/Et2O中重结晶,得到浅黄色固体状68(2.97g,12.1mmol,61%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):317[M+H]。
S-((5S,8S,11S)-8-异丁基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-基)硫代乙酸酯(69)
将化合物68(130mg,0.41mmol)在DCM(6mL)和三氟乙酸(2mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌2h。真空除去溶剂,残留物与甲苯共蒸发三次。向干燥残留物的DCM(20mL)溶液中加入二肽57(200mg,0.43mmol)、EDCI(103mg,0.54mmol)、HOBt(73mg,0.54mmol)和DIPEA(0.3mL,1.72mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(80mL)稀释。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中再结晶后,获得白色固体状硫代乙酸酯69(227mg,50%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.13(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48-7.59(m,2H),7.30-7.44(m,7H),5.32(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.13(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),4.42-4.47(m,1H),3.97-4.07(m,2H),3.45-3.51(m,1H),3.24-3.30(m,1H),3.16-3.20(m,1H),2.87-2.93(m,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.67-1.73(m,1H),1.48-1.52(m,1H),1.35-1.42(m,1H),1.09-1.16(m,1H),0.92-0.97(m 1H),0.60(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.52(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):661[M+H]。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-巯基-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(70)
将硫代乙酸酯60(21mg,0.03mmol)和LiOH(2.4mg,0.1mmol)溶于甲醇(1ml)中,并将混合物在室温下搅拌3天。真空除去溶剂,残留物通过制备型薄层色谱纯化(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到定量产率的固体硫醇70。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.13(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48-7.59(m,2H),7.30-7.44(m,7H),5.32(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.13(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),4.42-4.47(m,1H),3.97-4.07(m,2H),3.45-3.51(m,1H),3.24-3.30(m,1H),3.16-3.20(m,1H),2.87-2.93(m,1H),1.67-1.73(m,1H),1.48-1.52(m,1H),1.35-1.42(m,1H),1.09-1.16(m,1H),0.92-0.97(m 1H),0.60(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.52(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):619[M+H]。
(S)-3-(萘基-1-基)-2-((苯乙氧基羰基)氨基)丙酸(71)
在0℃,向氨基酸54(545mg,2.53mmol)、NaHCO3(320mg,3.8mmol)在THF-H2O(2:3,20mL)中的混合物中加入PhCH2CH2OCOCl(0.33mL,2.78mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5h,并用1N HCl(8-10mL)酸化至pH 2.0。然后在真空下除去有机溶剂,剩余的水相用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥,并在真空下浓缩,在从EtOAc中重结晶后得到白色固体状71。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.54(q,J=8.1,7.1Hz,2H),7.15-7.48(m,7H),5.13(m,1H),4.79(m,1H),4.27(m,2H),3.76(d,J=13.7Hz,1H),3.50(m,1H),2.89(m,2H).LCMS-ESI(m/z):364[M+H]。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-4-甲基戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丙酸酯(24)
向化合物47(4.14g,14.47mmol)在二噁烷(30mL)中的溶液中加入HCl(4M的二噁烷溶液,20mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,并在真空下除去溶剂。残留物在真空中彻底干燥5h,然后直接用于下一步,无需进一步纯化。将残留物溶于DCM(100mL)中,并加入Boc-L-Leu-OH(4.02g,17.4mmol)、EDCI(3.61g,18.8mmol)、HOBt(2.54g,18.8mmol)和DIPEA(10.4mL,60mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在真空下除去溶剂。然后加入EtOAc(200mL),有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,最后用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中再结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物24(72%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):400[M+H]。
甲基(6S,9S,12S)-9-异丁基-6-(萘基-1-基甲基)-4,7,10-三氧代-12-(((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-3-氧杂-5,8,11-三氮杂十三烷-13-酸酯(72)
将化合物24(520mg,1.3mmol)和TFA(5mL)在DCM(20mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌3h。真空除去溶剂,残留物无需进一步纯化即用于下一步。将残留物溶于DCM(40mL)中,并加入化合物71(494mg,1.2mmol mmol)、EDCI(310mg,1.62mmol)、HOBt(220mg,1.62mmol)和DIPEA(0.88mL,5mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在真空下除去溶剂。然后加入EtOAc(100mL),有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,最后用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物72(62%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.16(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.54(dt,J=27.5,7.3Hz,2H),7.44–7.20(m,7H),4.64(m,1H),4.52–4.40(m,1H),4.34–4.11(m,3H),3.72(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.64(s,2H),3.47(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.30–3.18(m,1H),2.91(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.50(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),2.28(ddd,J=34.9,17.0,7.3Hz,2H),1.92–1.37(m,2H),1.14(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),0.64(d,J=12.8Hz,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):645[M+H]。
苯乙基((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代吡咯烷-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(74)
在0℃,向甲酯72(420mg,0.65mmol)在THF-EtOH(2:3,10mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4(4M,250μL,1mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用HCl水溶液(1mL)猝灭。加入乙酸乙酯(50mL),有机相用盐水进一步洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂后,获得白色固体状化合物73。在0℃,向醇73在DCM(16mL)和DMSO(4mL)的混合物中的溶液中加入DIPEA(360μL,2.07mmol)。将所得溶液搅拌30min,然后加入SO3吡啶络合物(330mg,2.06mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(100mL)稀释。然后将有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物74(68%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.16(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.64–7.44(m,2H),7.15-7.46(m,7H),4.53–4.41(m,1H),4.31–4.14(m,3H),3.69(s,1H),3.64(s,2H),3.51–3.44(m,1H),3.29–3.14(m,2H),2.90(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.59–2.44(m,1H),2.39–2.14(m,1H),1.91–1.64(m,1H),1.64–1.37(m,1H),0.72–0.51(m,6H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):615[M+H]。
(S)-2-十二烷酰氨基-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酸(75)
在0℃,向氨基酸54(215mg,1mmol)、NaHCO3(125mg,1.5mmol)在THF-H2O(2:3,10mL)中的混合物中加入C11H23COCl(0.33mL,2.78mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后用1N HCl(8-10mL)酸化至pH 2.0。除去溶剂后,水层用EtOAc(20mL x 3)萃取,合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物75(73%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):398[M+H]。
甲基((S)-2-十二烷酰氨基-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰基)-L-亮氨酸酯(76)
向化合物75(380mg,1.05mmol)和L-Leu-OMe(230mg,1.27mmol)在DCM(30mL)中的溶液中加入EDCI(260mg,1.35mmol)、HOBt(185mg,1.34mmol)和DIPEA(0.73mL,4.2mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后加入H2O(800mL)和EtOAc(100mL)。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M,50mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL)和盐水(500mL)洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,得到化合物76(350mg,65%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):525[M+H]。
((S)-2-十二烷酰氨基-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰基)-L-亮氨酸(77)
向甲酯76(345mg,0.66mmol)在THF-MeOH-H2O(3:1:1,10mL)中的溶液中加入LiOH·H2O(32mg,1.33mmol)在H2O(1mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。真空除去挥发物,得到无色残留物,在EtOAc和HCl水溶液(1M)之间分配。分离有机层,依次用HCl水溶液(1M)和盐水洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥,在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物77(430mg,96%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):692[M+H]。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代环己基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)十二烷酰胺(79)
在0℃,向甲酯4(466mg,0.67mmol)在THF-EtOH(2:3,20mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4(2M,440μL,0.88mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用HCl水溶液(1mL)猝灭。加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)后,分离有机相,用盐水进一步洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂,得到白色固体状化合物78,其直接用于下一步,无需进一步纯化。在0℃,向醇78(70mg,0.11mmol)在DCM(3mL)和DMSO(1mL)的混合物中的溶液中加入DIPEA(90μL,0.5mmol)。将溶液在此温度下搅拌10min,然后加入SO3吡啶络合物(70mg,0.43mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(50mL)稀释。分离有机相,然后依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物79(48%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.23(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.75-7.78(m,1H),7.48-7.59(m,2H),7.37–7.42(m,2H),4.37-4.44(m,1H),3.95-4.04(m,1H),3.67-3.75(m,1H),3.45-3.55(m,2H),3.21-3.28(m,2H),2.27-2.35(m,1H),2.08-2.18(m,4H),1.60-1.82(m,7H),1.19-1.43(m,18H),0.90-0.98(m,9H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):662[M+H]。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-4-甲基戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代环己基)丙酸酯(80)
向化合物4(630mg,2.1mmol)在二噁烷(8mL)中的溶液中加入HCl(4M的二噁烷溶液,8mL)。将溶液在室温下搅拌3h,并在减压下除去溶剂。所得残余物无需进一步纯化即用于下一步。向残留物的DCM(80mL)溶液中加入L-Phe-OH(725mg,2.73mmol)、EDCI(564mg,2.94mmol)、HOBt(400mg,2.94mmol)和DIPEA(1.54mL,8.83mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在真空下蒸发溶剂。向残留物中加入EtOAc(200mL),有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物80(72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.34–7.16(m,7H),6.36(s,1H),5.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.56(dd,J=19.2,10.7Hz,2H),3.71(s,3H),3.16(dd,J=13.9,5.5Hz,1H),3.03(dd,J=14.1,7.0Hz,1H),2.35(ddd,J=14.0,11.3,5.1Hz,1H),2.24(dq,J=14.9,5.7Hz,1H),2.15–2.00(m,2H),1.88(dtd,J=14.3,7.9,3.9Hz,2H),1.80–1.61(m,1H),1.60–1.46(m,1H),1.37(d,J=17.7Hz,9H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):413[M+H]。
甲基(5S,8S,11S)-8-苄基-5-(萘基-1-基甲基)-3,6,9-三氧代-11-(((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-1-苯基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十二烷-12-酸酯(81)
将化合物80(592mg,1.28mmol)和TFA(5mL)在DCM(15mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌2h。真空除去溶剂,残留物无需进一步纯化即用于下一步。将残留物溶于DCM(50mL)中,并加入化合物9(540mg,1.54mmol mmol)、EDCI(320mg,1.68mmol)、HOBt(225mg,1.67mmol)和DIPEA(0.9mL,5.2mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在真空下除去溶剂并加入EtOAc(150mL)。有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物81(62%)。LCMS-ESI(m/z):679[M+H]。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代-3-苯基丙烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(82)
在0℃,向甲酯81(870mg,1.28mmol)在THF-EtOH(2:3,30mL)中的溶液中加入LiBH4(2M,1mL,2mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,然后用HCl水溶液(1mL)猝灭。加入乙酸乙酯(50mL),有机相用盐水洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。真空下除去溶剂,得到白色固体状82,无需进一步纯化即用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.14(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.49(dq,J=14.6,7.2Hz,2H),7.27(tdd,J=16.9,11.8,7.9Hz,12H),4.96(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),4.58(dt,J=19.6,7.1Hz,2H),4.02–3.89(m,1H),3.55(dd,J=14.3,5.4Hz,1H),3.48–3.06(m,4H),2.98(dd,J=13.6,8.0Hz,1H),2.24(h,J=5.7,4.5Hz,1H),1.98(dtq,J=12.7,6.3,3.5Hz,3H),1.79–1.53(m,4H),1.50–1.35(m,1H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):651[M+H]。
苄基((S)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-3-苯基丙烷-2-基)氨基)丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(83)
在0℃,向82(70mg,0.11mmol)在DCM(3mL)和DMSO(1mL)的混合物中的溶液中加入DIPEA(90μL,0.5mmol)。在此温度下10分钟后,加入SO3吡啶络合物(70mg,0.43mmol),并将反应混合物在0℃搅拌过夜。加入EtOAc(50mL)后,有机相依次用HCl水溶液(1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂并从EtOAc中重结晶后,获得白色固体状化合物83(56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ9.22(s,0.3H),8.22–8.07(m,1H),7.87(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.51(dq,J=14.6,7.1Hz,2H),7.39–7.12(m,12H),5.06–4.94(m,2H),4.69–4.46(m,1H),4.35–4.21(m,1H),3.98(d,J=12.3Hz,1H),3.57(dt,J=14.2,7.7Hz,1H),3.28–2.95(m,5H),2.29–1.93(m,1H),1.81(d,J=14.4Hz,1H),1.66(s,1H),1.46(q,J=11.5,10.3Hz,1H),1.35–1.18(m,1H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):649[M+H]。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-氯-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代-3-苯基丙烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(84)
在微波辐射下,将82(32mg,0.05mmol)、Ph3P(50mg,0.19mmol)、CCl4(0.1mL)在1,2-二氯乙烷(0.5mL)中的溶液在80℃加热3min。在真空下除去溶剂后,残余物通过制备型TLC纯化,得到白色固体状84(78%)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.15(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.51(dq,J=15.3,7.5Hz,2H),7.27(tdd,J=20.7,9.9,5.4Hz,13H),4.96(d,J=19.5Hz,2H),4.57(dq,J=21.7,6.2,5.1Hz,2H),4.19–4.09(m,1H),3.67–3.37(m,2H),3.27–2.96(m,5H),2.27(s,1H),2.19–1.88(m,2H),1.85–1.52(m,3H);LCMS-ESI(m/z):669[M+H]。
苄基((S)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-3-苯基丙烷-2-基)氨基)丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(85)
在0℃,向82(41mg,0.06mmol)和NEt3(30μL,0.2mmol)在CH2Cl2(5mL)中的溶液中加入甲磺酰氯(9μL,0.09mmol)。将反应混合物在此温度下搅拌1小时。减压除去挥发性组分后,残留物进行制备型TLC,得到白色固体状85。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.20–8.05(m,2H),7.87(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.77(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.51(dd,J=13.4,7.6Hz,2H),7.27(tt,J=17.2,7.0Hz,6H),5.06–4.96(m,2H),4.64–4.44(m,1H),4.07(q,J=7.7,5.7Hz,1H),3.65–3.49(m,1H),3.23(d,J=5.0Hz,3H),3.04(s,3H),2.37–2.21(m,2H),2.22–1.94(m,1H)。
甲基(6S,9S,12S)-9-异丁基-2,2-二甲基-6-(萘基-1-基甲基)-4,7,10-三氧代-12-(((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-3-氧杂-5,8,11-三氮杂十三烷-13-酸酯(88)
向86(930mg,2.25mmol)(Y.Zhai,Y.Ma,F.Ma,Q.Nie,X.Ren,Y.Wang,L.Shang,Z.Yin,Eur.J.Med.Chem,2016,124,559-573.)在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的溶液中滴加4M HCl的二噁烷溶液(2.3mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后在真空下浓缩。将所得胺悬浮于DCM(10mL)中,并在0℃加入(S)-N-Boc-L-(1-萘基)丙氨酸87(710mg,2.25mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(405mg,3.0mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(575mg,3.0mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(2.1mL,12.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,反应混合物用EtOAc(80mL)稀释,有机层用1M HCl、5%NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层。真空除去挥发物后,残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(CH2Cl2/MeOH,20/1至10/1),得到88(1.02g,74%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.50(dddd,J=20.7,8.0,6.8,1.3Hz,2H),7.40–7.29(m,2H),7.17(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.79(s,1H),5.09(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.67(td,J=8.8,4.7Hz,1H),4.59–4.41(m,2H),3.70(s,3H),3.37(dd,J=14.5,8.2Hz,1H),3.23(d,J=11.8Hz,2H),2.47–2.22(m,2H),2.05(m,1H),1.83(dp,J=11.5,3.6Hz,2H),1.67(ddt,J=19.1,15.7,6.1Hz,3H),1.56–1.42(m,2H),1.34(s,9H),1.05(s,1H),0.93–0.90(重叠两个s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.4,172.7,172.5,171.5,155.5,133.9,133.2,132.2,128.8,127.6,127.5,126.3,125.6,125.4,125.6,123.7,80.0,55.3,52.3,51.8,50.1,42.3,42.1,37.7,34.9,33.5,28.2,28.0,26.2,24.6,22.9,22.1,21.4.ESI-MS(m/z):611.4(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(89)
向88(610mg,1.0mmol)的CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液中滴加4M HCl的二噁烷溶液(1.0mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后在真空下浓缩。在0℃,将残留物悬浮在CH2Cl2(10mL)中,然后加入5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酸(165mg,1.3mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(176mg,1.3mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(248mg,1.3mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.7mL,4.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,反应混合物用EtOAc(60mL)稀释,有机层用1MHCl、5%NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,最后用Na2SO4干燥。真空除去挥发物后,残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(CH2Cl2/MeOH,30/1至15/1),得到89(396mg,64%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29–8.21(m,1H),8.16(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.83(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H),7.78–7.69(m,1H),7.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.53(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.47(ddd,J=8.0,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.42–7.31(m,2H),7.16(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.81(s,1H),6.35(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),5.03(td,J=7.8,6.3Hz,1H),4.62(td,J=8.5,5.4Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=11.4,7.0,3.7Hz,1H),3.70(s,3H),3.55(dd,J=14.3,7.6Hz,1H),3.36–3.20(m,2H),2.43(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.39–2.27(m,2H),2.10-2.03(m,1H),1.89-1.82(m,2H),1.72–1.43(m,5H),0.88(d,J=1.8Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=1.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.6,172.3,171.2,170.1,159.1,158.2,133.9,132.5,132.0,128.8,127.9,127.7,126.4,125.7,125.3,123.7,101.4,54.0,52.3,52.00,50.8,42.2,41.8,38.0,35.4,33.4,26.8,24.6,22.8,22.1,21.5,12.3.ESI-MS(m/z):620.4(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(90)
在0℃下,向89(370mg,0.6mmol)的甲醇(6.0mL)溶液中加入NaBH4(46mg,1.2mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后用NH4Cl饱和溶液猝灭,最后在室温下再搅拌1小时。真空蒸发挥发物后,加入乙酸乙酯(60mL)。有机层用NH4Cl的饱和溶液和水洗涤,最后用Na2SO4干燥。真空除去挥发物后,残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(CH2Cl2/MeOH,30/1至12/1),得到90(245mg,69%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.26(dd,J=8.5,1.1Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.90–7.83(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.56(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.52-7.47(m,1H),7.46-7.41(m,1H),7.37(dd,J=8.1,7.0Hz,1H),6.33(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),5.02(dd,J=9.3,5.1Hz,1H),4.41(dd,J=8.6,6.2Hz,1H),4.03(ddq,J=11.3,5.6,2.8Hz,1H),3.82(dd,J=14.4,5.1Hz,1H),3.60–3.40(m,3H),3.27–3.18(m,2H),2.43(s,3H),2.40–2.28(m,1H),2.15–2.01(m,2H),1.84–1.74(m,1H),1.72–1.57(m,4H),1.54–1.43(m,1H),0.96(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.0,173.4,173.3,171.7,171.6,160.0,158.06,134.0,132.7,132.0,128.4,127.4,127.3,125.9,125.3,125.0,123.2,100.5,64.2,54.0,52.5,52.5,41.6,40.5,37.3,34.3,32.6,25.7,24.5,22.0,20.7,10.6.ESI-MS(m/z):592.4(M+H)+。
5-甲基-N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(91)
向90(150mg,0.25mmol)的CH2Cl2(3.0mL)溶液中缓慢加入Dess-Martin高碘化物(161mg,0.38mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后用5%NaHCO3水溶液(3mL)和10%Na2SO3水溶液(3mL)猝灭。混合物用二氯甲烷(15mL x 2)萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残留物通过快速色谱法纯化(CH2Cl2/MeOH,30/1至10/1),然后通过制备薄层色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH,15/1),得到91(79mg,53%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.31–8.22(m,1H),7.86(dt,J=8.2,2.0Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=8.2,4.0Hz,1H),7.56(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.52–7.42(m,2H),7.37(ddd,J=8.2,7.0,5.9Hz,1H),6.33(dd,J=1.5,0.9Hz,0.4H),6.31(d,J=1.0Hz,0.6H),5.06-5.01(m,1H),4.54-4.48(m,1H),4.46–4.41(m,1H),4.20–4.12(m,0.4H),4.06–4.0(m,0.6H),3.89-3.79(m,1H),3.53–3.40(m,1H),3.37–3.34(重叠两个d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.44–2.41(重叠两个d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.33–2.29(m,1H),2.22–2.14(m,1H),2.07–2.0(m,0.6H),1.96–1.92(m,0.4H),1.81–1.60(m,5H),1.01–0.88(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.1,173.4,171.7,171.6,171.5,159.8,158.0,134.0,134.0,132.7,132.0,128.4,127.4,125.9,125.9,125.3,125.0,123.3,100.6,100.5,98.4,98.3,54.0,53.8,53.7,52.5,52.3,50.7,50.5,40.6,40.5,38.1,37.1,34.4,30.3,29.8,26.4,25.5,24.5,24.4,22.1,21.9,21.9,21.1,20.9,20.9,20.6,20.6,10.6.ESI-MS(m/z):590.3(M+H)+。
甲基(6S,9S,12S)-6-(4-氟苄基)-9-异丁基-2,2-二甲基-4,7,10-三氧代-12-(((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)甲基)-3-氧杂-5,8,11-三氮杂十三烷-13-酸酯(93)
在0℃,将化合物32(350mg,1.0mmol)和(S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙酸(化合物92,286mg,1.0mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(200mg,1.5mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(287mg,1.5mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.7mL,4.0mmol)处理。移去冰浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应混合物用EtOAc(70mL)稀释,有机层用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和饱和盐水洗涤,并用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(30∶1至20∶1),得到产物93(450mg,78%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.06(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.24–7.10(m,3H),6.94(t,J=8.6Hz,3H),5.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.65(td,J=8.8,4.7Hz,1H),4.56–4.44(m,1H),4.45–4.32(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.28(dt,J=9.4,3.0Hz,2H),3.10(dd,J=14.0,5.8Hz,1H),2.94(dd,J=14.1,7.3Hz,1H),2.46–2.21(m,2H),2.12–1.98(m,1H),1.95–1.79(m,2H),1.78–1.59(m,3H),1.59–1.44(m,2H),1.38(s,9H),0.92(s,3H),0.91(s,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-116.22(s).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.51,172.50,172.30,170.94,161.79(d,J=244.6Hz),155.40,132.45,130.92,130.84,115.22(d,J=21.2Hz),80.15,55.45,52.27,51.66,50.46,42.20,37.92,37.31,33.39,28.22,26.56,24.54,22.88,22.05,21.45.ESI-MS(m/z):579.3(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)丙酰氨基)-4-甲基戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(95)
向化合物93(139mg,0.24mmol)在DCM(2.5mL)中的溶液中滴加4N HCl的二噁烷(0.25mL,1.0mmol)溶液。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后浓缩,得到化合物94,为粗HCl盐。在0℃下,将粗HCl盐和5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酸(38mg,0.3mmol)在DCM(3mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(40mg,0.3mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(57mg,0.3mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.21mL,1.2mmol)处理。移去冰浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应混合物用EtOAc(30mL)稀释,有机层用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和饱和盐水洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(30∶1至20∶1),得到产物95(86mg,61%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.28(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.23–7.10(m,2H),6.99–6.85(m,3H),6.39(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),4.90(ddd,J=8.4,7.3,5.7Hz,1H),4.67(td,J=8.6,5.3Hz,1H),4.49(ddd,J=11.3,6.9,3.7Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.33–3.24(m,2H),3.19(dd,J=14.1,5.7Hz,1H),3.06(dd,J=14.0,7.3Hz,1H),2.61(s,1H),2.45(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.44–2.37(m,1H),2.37–2.28(m,1H),2.05(ddt,J=12.8,5.7,2.7Hz,1H),1.86(ddd,J=13.6,7.9,3.6Hz,2H),1.78–1.56(m,2H),1.51(ddd,J=12.5,6.3,2.9Hz,2H),0.89(d,J=4.0Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=4.0Hz,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-115.92(s).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.54,172.68,172.33,171.23,169.84,161.83(d,J=244.9Hz),158.94,158.20,132.07,130.92(d,J=7.9Hz),115.27(d,J=21.2Hz),101.40,54.15,52.27,51.78,50.78,42.21,41.93,37.99,37.47,33.34,26.66,24.59,22.77,22.09,21.48,12.30.ESI-MS(m/z):588.3(M+H)+。
N-((S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(96)
在0℃,向化合物95(60mg,0.1mmol)的甲醇(2mL)溶液中滴加NaBH4(38mg,1.0mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,并用1N HCl(5mL)猝灭。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌1h,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥。将滤液蒸发至干燥,粗产物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(20∶1至15∶1),得到白色固体状产物96(45mg,81%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.91(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.21–7.10(m,2H),6.97–6.86(m,2H),6.60(s,1H),6.36(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),4.94(td,J=7.6,5.8Hz,1H),4.54(td,J=8.5,5.4Hz,1H),4.00(tt,J=6.9,4.3Hz,1H),3.90(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.59(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),3.27(dq,J=7.4,3.8,2.9Hz,2H),3.19(dd,J=14.1,5.8Hz,1H),3.09(dd,J=14.0,7.3Hz,1H),2.45(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.36(s,1H),2.29(dd,J=10.4,5.6Hz,1H),2.22–1.96(m,2H),1.85(dt,J=13.7,4.9Hz,1H),1.77–1.59(m,2H),1.53(tq,J=12.4,4.8,3.5Hz,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.86(s,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-115.76(s).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.71,172.94,171.35,170.03,161.86(d,J=245.0Hz),159.21,158.13,132.03,130.90(d,J=7.8Hz),115.34(d,J=21.2Hz),101.35,65.64,54.28,52.40,50.40,42.38,41.83,38.29,37.23,32.73,27.17,24.83,22.85,22.00,21.50,12.31.ESI-MS(m/z):560.3(M+H)+。
N-((S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(97)
将化合物96(37mg,0.067mmol)作为起始原料,采用合成化合物91所述的方法,得到化合物97(18mg,49%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.25–7.15(m,2H),6.94–6.82(m,2H),6.28(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),4.74–4.68(m,1H),4.36(t,J=4.0Hz,1H),4.27(ddd,J=8.2,6.9,2.9Hz,1H),3.97–3.81(m,1H),3.14(dt,J=8.9,4.6Hz,3H),2.89(dd,J=14.0,9.3Hz,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.19(dddd,J=11.4,9.0,6.0,3.2Hz,1H),2.11–1.97(m,1H),1.91(ddt,J=9.7,6.3,3.2Hz,1H),1.77–1.66(m,1H),1.64–1.44(m,4H),1.43–1.32(m,1H),0.87(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,MeOD)δ-118.43(s).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.10,173.37,171.66,171.36,161.88(d,J=243.6Hz),159.80,158.14,132.76,130.77(d,J=7.9Hz),114.64(d,J=21.4Hz),100.52,54.31,52.39,50.61,41.61,40.60,37.03,36.55,29.79,25.52,24.40,21.86,20.83,20.60,10.57.ESI-MS(m/z):558.3(M+H)+。
5-(三氟甲基)异噁唑-3-羧酸(101)
用注射泵在7小时内将三乙胺(1.48mL,8.0mmol)在乙醚(8.0mL)中的溶液滴加到氯肟基乙酸乙酯98(500mg,3.3mmol)和3,3,3-三氟-2-溴丙烯99(1.2mL,11mmol)在乙醚(11mL)中的溶液中。加入后,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用水猝灭。分离各层,水层用乙醚萃取。合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并部分浓缩。加入MeOH(7.0mL)和1N NaOH(7.0mL)。所得混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应混合物在1N HCl和CH2Cl2之间分配。分离各层,水层用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并部分浓缩,得到粗产物101。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ11.10(s,1H),7.11(s,1H).19F NMR(377MHz,氯仿-d)δ-64.34(s).ESI-MS(m/z):204.2(M+Na)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-3-(萘基-1-基)-2-(5-(三氟甲基)异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(102)
按照制备化合物89所述的方案制备化合物102。
1H NMR(400MHz,丙酮-d6)δ8.35(dd,J=16.6,7.7Hz,2H),8.28(dd,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),7.94–7.84(m,2H),7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.59–7.47(m,3H),7.43–7.34(m,2H),6.98(s,1H),5.22–5.07(m,1H),4.64–4.55(m,1H),4.49(ddd,J=11.3,7.2,4.1Hz,1H),3.88(dd,J=14.4,5.0Hz,1H),3.67(s,3H),3.56(dd,J=14.4,9.0Hz,1H),3.30–3.21(m,2H),2.90(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.44–2.24(m,2H),2.15(s,1H),1.82(ddd,J=10.6,6.4,4.4Hz,1H),1.77–1.63(m,2H),1.62–1.45(m,2H),0.91(d,J=4.9Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=4.9Hz,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,丙酮-d6)δ-64.81(s).ESI-MS(m/z):674.2(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-(三氟甲基)异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(103)
按照制备化合物90所述的方案制备化合物103。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.28–8.18(m,1H),7.96(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.83(dd,J=8.2,1.4Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.52(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.49–7.41(m,2H),7.37(dd,J=8.2,7.0Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),5.09(dd,J=9.5,5.0Hz,1H),4.45(dd,J=8.3,6.3Hz,1H),4.04(ddq,J=8.8,6.2,3.3Hz,1H),3.83(dd,J=14.4,5.0Hz,1H),3.61–3.42(m,3H),3.20(dd,J=7.9,5.0Hz,2H),2.42–2.28(m,1H),2.12-2.07(m,1H),2.05–1.96(m,1H),1.86–1.74(m,1H),1.65(qd,J=10.1,8.9,5.7Hz,4H),1.53–1.40(m,1H),0.95(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),0.91(d,J=6.1Hz,3H).19F NMR(377MHz,甲醇-d4)δ-65.62(s).ESI-MS(m/z):646.2(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-(三氟甲基)异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(104)
按照制备化合物91所述的方案制备化合物104。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.25(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.59–7.51(m,1H),7.51–7.42(m,2H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.25(s,1H),5.08(dd,J=9.7,4.8Hz,1H),4.54–4.40(m,2H),4.04(ddq,J=11.6,7.2,3.8Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=14.4,4.8Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=14.5,9.7Hz,1H),3.40–3.30(m,1H),3.27–3.16(m,2H),2.32(dtd,J=11.8,5.7,3.0Hz,1H),2.26–2.14(m,1H),2.10–1.98(m,1H),1.84–1.57(m,4H),1.48(qt,J=9.8,3.4Hz,1H),0.97(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).19FNMR(377MHz,MeOD)δ-65.69(s).ESI-MS(m/z):644.2(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酸酯(106)
在0℃,将化合物105(530mg,2.0mmol)和5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酸(254mg,2.0mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(350mg,2.6mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(497mg,2.6mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(1.48mL,8.0mmol)处理。移去冰浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将反应混合物用EtOAc(60mL)稀释,有机层用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤,最后用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(50∶1至30∶1),得到产物106(470mg,70%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.93–7.82(m,1H),7.77(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.62–7.31(m,4H),6.40(s,1H),5.17(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.63(s,3H),2.42(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.58,171.26,158.88,158.15,133.91,132.07,131.98,128.92,128.10,127.53,126.45,125.81,125.31,123.35,101.33,53.16,52.38,35.53,12.26.ESI-MS(m/z):339.2(M+H)+。
甲基2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酸酯(107)
在0℃,向化合物106(450mg,1.33mmol)在THF(7.0mL)中的溶液中滴加2N LiOH(1.33mL,2.66mmol)。然后将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后加入1N HCl(调节至pH=1~2)。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到化合物107(358mg,83%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.05(s,1H),9.02(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.72–7.25(m,4H),6.45(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.77(dp,J=12.2,4.1Hz,1H),3.92–3.67(m,1H),3.52(td,J=12.1,10.2,3.7Hz,1H),2.43(d,J=5.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ172.97,171.68,159.23,158.83,134.23,133.91,131.85,129.23,127.81,127.70,126.76,126.10,125.82,123.66,101.69,53.41,33.69,12.25.ESI-MS(m/z):325.2(M+H)+。
N-((R)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(111)
在0℃,将化合物108(112mg,0.32mmol)和化合物107(105mg,0.32mmol)在DCM(3mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(47mg,0.35mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(67mg,0.35mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.26mL,1.4mmol)处理。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(30mL)稀释。然后用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤溶液,并用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物用制备薄层色谱法纯化(DCM/MeOH=25:1),得到极性较低的化合物109(57mg,29%)和极性较高的化合物89(90mg,45%)。
化合物109:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.91(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.78(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.28–8.18(m,1H),7.87–7.79(m,1H),7.70(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.55–7.39(m,3H),7.35(dd,J=8.2,7.0Hz,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.40(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),6.11(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.30(dt,J=8.9,6.5Hz,1H),4.70(td,J=9.9,4.4Hz,1H),4.10(ddd,J=12.0,4.9,3.3Hz,1H),3.88(dd,J=14.0,6.1Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.71–3.65(m,1H),3.36–3.22(m,2H),2.46(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.18–2.09(m,1H),2.07–1.84(m,3H),1.78–1.65(m,2H),1.56(td,J=12.2,3.2Hz,1H),1.43(ddt,J=11.4,6.6,3.3Hz,1H),1.30–1.13(m,1H),0.86(dd,J=18.5,6.6Hz,7H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.14,172.26,172.03,171.11,169.93,159.14,158.48,133.87,133.25,132.47,128.57,128.41,127.47,126.25,125.59,125.46,124.09,102.00,54.46,53.40,52.30,51.52,42.05,40.93,39.88,35.02,33.01,28.73,24.60,23.07,21.82,21.48,12.32。
按照制备化合物90所述的方案,由化合物109(57mg,0.093mmol)制备化合物110(37mg,67%)。
化合物110:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.75(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.22–8.10(m,1H),7.80(dd,J=6.9,2.6Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.46(ddt,J=9.6,6.8,3.5Hz,2H),7.41–7.31(m,2H),6.75(s,1H),6.55(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),5.15(q,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.53(dq,J=12.7,4.1Hz,1H),4.17(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),3.83(dd,J=14.0,6.3Hz,1H),3.79–3.69(m,1H),3.62(dd,J=14.1,7.3Hz,1H),3.54(p,J=6.3,5.8Hz,2H),3.34–3.15(m,2H),2.43(s,3H),2.10–1.94(m,1H),1.94–1.75(m,2H),1.65(dtd,J=13.1,10.1,8.4,4.6Hz,2H),1.56–1.34(m,2H),1.34–1.16(m,3H),0.81(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.78(d,J=6.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.90,173.25,171.24,170.37,159.29,158.29,133.83,133.01,132.26,128.62,128.24,127.58,126.23,125.53,125.43,123.95,101.88,66.45,54.68,52.66,52.18,42.17,40.64,39.16,34.87,33.01,28.41,24.59,23.11,21.69,21.30,12.30.ESI-MS(m/z):592.3(M+H)+。
5-甲基-N-((R)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(111)
按照制备化合物91所述的方案,由化合物110(35mg,0.06mmol)制备化合物111(17mg,48%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.29–8.18(m,1H),7.89(dd,J=8.1,1.6Hz,1H),7.83–7.76(m,1H),7.61–7.44(m,2H),7.44–7.35(m,2H),6.50(ddd,J=9.5,2.4,1.0Hz,1H),4.51–4.38(m,1H),4.21–4.01(m,1H),4.00–3.86(m,1H),3.64(td,J=9.1,3.0Hz,2H),3.33(m,1H),3.29-3.25(m,2H),3.26(s,1H),3.20(dt,J=8.9,6.2Hz,2H),2.49(dt,J=2.1,1.0Hz,3H),2.38–2.11(m,2H),1.95(ddt,J=13.3,6.4,3.2Hz,1H),1.88–1.54(m,2H),1.52–1.33(m,1H),1.25–1.04(m,1H),0.68(d,J=5.3Hz,3H),0.65(d,J=5.3Hz,3H).ESI-MS(m/z):590.3(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-2-(3-甲基噻吩-2-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(113)
在0℃,将化合物112(162mg,0.3mmol)和3-甲基噻吩-2-羧酸(43mg,0.3mmol)在DCM(3.5mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(55mg,0.4mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(78mg,0.4mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.22mL,1.26mmol)处理。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(30mL)稀释。用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤溶液,有机层用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(50∶1至20∶1),得到化合物113(142mg,75%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.33–8.17(m,1H),8.07(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.79–7.69(m,1H),7.55–7.43(m,3H),7.42–7.32(m,2H),7.21(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),6.84(s,1H),6.78(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),6.60(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.02(td,J=7.5,6.2Hz,1H),4.59(dtd,J=22.8,8.1,7.5,4.4Hz,2H),3.75(dd,J=4.2,1.6Hz,1H),3.70(d,J=2.3Hz,3H),3.66–3.53(m,2H),3.18(ddd,J=7.4,4.3,2.0Hz,2H),2.48–2.30(m,2H),2.25(s,3H),2.14–2.01(m,1H),1.84(ddt,J=15.7,13.3,4.3Hz,2H),1.66(tdd,J=12.9,6.9,2.4Hz,2H),1.59–1.45(m,2H),0.89(d,J=4.0Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=4.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.50,172.45,172.38,170.90,163.02,140.99,133.87,132.82,132.19,131.85,130.87,128.74,127.83,127.35,126.45,125.75,125.32,123.85,67.08,54.40,52.29,52.18,50.50,42.19,41.82,37.99,34.87,33.70,26.64,24.68,22.88,22.03,21.44,15.56.ESI-MS(m/z):635.2(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-甲酰胺(114)
按照制备化合物90所述的方案,由化合物113(130mg,0.2mmol)制备化合物114(103mg,85%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.24–8.08(m,1H),7.86(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.72(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.37(dddd,J=24.4,8.1,6.8,1.3Hz,3H),7.31–7.21(m,2H),6.69(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=9.5,5.0Hz,1H),4.33(dd,J=8.9,6.0Hz,1H),4.06–3.83(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=14.4,5.0Hz,1H),3.50–3.28(m,3H),3.27–3.15(m,1H),3.05(dd,J=7.6,5.1Hz,2H),2.32–2.13(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.71–1.57(m,2H),1.51(ddt,J=12.6,10.3,4.1Hz,3H),1.33(ddt,J=13.4,10.1,5.2Hz,1H),1.20–1.06(m,1H),0.84(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.93,173.50,172.26,164.07,140.98,134.03,133.00,132.10,131.19,130.30,128.47,127.49,127.38,125.98,125.36,125.05,123.38,64.22,60.15,54.42,52.50,52.46,41.62,40.75,37.31,34.00,32.69,32.66,25.78,24.51,22.10,20.69,14.21.ESI-MS(m/z):607.2(M+H)+。
3-甲基-N-((S)-1-(((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺(115)
按照制备化合物91所述的方案,由化合物114(95mg,0.16mmol)制备化合物115(61mg,64%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.14(dd,J=8.5,5.5Hz,1H),7.73(ddd,J=8.2,3.3,1.3Hz,1H),7.64(dd,J=8.2,4.3Hz,1H),7.41(tdd,J=7.0,3.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.35(ddt,J=8.4,6.9,3.4Hz,2H),7.31–7.17(m,2H),6.70(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.90(dt,J=9.2,4.6Hz,1H),4.46–4.30(m,2H),4.12–3.86(m,1H),3.80–3.64(m,1H),3.43–3.28(m,1H),3.20(p,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.06(dd,J=7.6,4.8Hz,2H),2.31–2.14(m,1H),2.05(m,4H),1.94-1.80(m,1H),1.73–1.43(m,4H),1.16(s,1H),0.84(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).ESI-MS(m/z):605.2(M+H)+。
甲基((苄氧基)羰基)-L-亮氨酸酯(117)
向化合物116(360mg,2.0mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中加入碳酸苄酯(340mg,2.0mmol)和Et3N(0.54mL,4.0mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜,然后用DCM(30mL)稀释。用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤溶液,有机层用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,粗混合物在硅胶上纯化,用Hex/EA的混合物洗脱(5∶1至2∶1),得到化合物117(447mg,80%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.39–7.28(m,5H),5.29(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.10(s,2H),4.40(td,J=9.1,5.1Hz,1H),3.72(s,3H),1.77–1.58(m,2H),1.52(ddd,J=13.5,9.3,5.5Hz,1H),0.94(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.65,156.00,136.29,128.50,128.14,128.08,66.96,52.48,52.26,41.72,24.73,22.82,21.82.ESI-MS(m/z):280.1(M+H)+。
((苄氧基)羰基)-L-亮氨酸(118)
向化合物117(430mg,1.54mmol)在THF(10mL)中的溶液中加入LiOH(1M,1.85mL,1.85mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。然后通过加入1N HCl将溶液的pH值调节至~1-2。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到化合物118(335mg,82%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ10.20(s,1H),7.49–7.30(m,6H),5.26–5.06(m,3H),4.42(td,J=9.1,4.7Hz,1H),1.85–1.64(m,2H),1.56(ddd,J=13.4,9.4,5.3Hz,1H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ178.24,156.15,136.10,128.55,128.24,128.12,67.19,52.39,41.46,24.77,22.83,21.73.ESI-MS(m/z):266.1(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-2-(((苄氧基)羰基)氨基)-4-甲基戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(119)
在0℃,将化合物37 280mg(1.06mmol)和化合物118(350mg,1.0mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(176mg,1.3mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(250mg,1.3mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.74mL,4.0mmol)处理。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(40mL)稀释。然后用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤溶液,有机层用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,残留物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(50∶1至20∶1),得到化合物119(312mg,70%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.05(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.39–7.29(m,5H),6.81(s,1H),5.73(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),5.08(s,2H),4.52(ddd,J=11.5,7.3,3.8Hz,1H),4.42(td,J=8.9,5.4Hz,1H),3.69(s,3H),3.28–3.16(m,3H),2.48–2.18(m,2H),2.11–1.98(m,1H),1.85(dtd,J=17.2,8.6,4.7Hz,2H),1.78–1.59(m,2H),1.59–1.47(m,2H),0.96(s,3H),0.94(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.54,173.03,172.44,156.06,136.45,128.47,128.05,127.91,66.74,53.34,52.24,50.39,42.51,42.15,37.86,33.30,26.47,24.59,22.91,22.15,21.47.ESI-MS(m/z):448.2(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(120)
按照制备化合物90所述的方案,由化合物119(270mg,0.6mmol)制备化合物120(161mg,64%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.70(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.31(m,5H),6.79(s,1H),5.99(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),4.27(td,J=9.0,5.0Hz,1H),4.05(td,J=7.1,3.8Hz,2H),3.55(q,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.19(dt,J=7.7,4.1Hz,2H),2.32–2.13(m,3H),2.04–1.98(m,1H),1.82–1.76(m,1H),1.71–1.44(m,5H),0.93(s,3H),0.91(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.84,173.39,156.20,136.41,128.47,128.06,127.92,66.77,65.58,53.92,49.38,42.24,37.87,32.70,26.66,24.76,23.02,22.01,21.33.ESI-MS(m/z):420.2(M+H)+。
苄基((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(121)
按照制备化合物91所述的方案,由化合物120(35mg,0.084mmol)制备化合物121(17mg,48%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.30–7.14(m,5H),5.08–4.89(m,2H),4.34(dd,J=4.1,2.1Hz,1H),4.03(dt,J=8.1,4.2Hz,1H),3.89(tt,J=9.3,3.7Hz,1H),3.24–3.18(m,1H),3.18–3.02(m,2H),2.16(dtd,J=11.6,5.8,2.9Hz,1H),2.10–1.98(m,1H),1.95–1.81(m,1H),1.74–1.40(m,4H),1.39–1.27(m,1H),0.86(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.15,174.40,156.95,136.88,128.07,127.58,127.39,127.37,98.36,66.15,53.92,50.60,41.60,40.82,36.97,29.80,25.34,24.42,21.95,20.55.ESI-MS(m/z):418.2(M+H)+。
甲基(S)-2-((S)-4-甲基-2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙酸酯(123)
在0℃,将化合物122(139mg,0.4mmol)和5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酸(51mg,0.4mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的溶液用1-羟基苯并三唑(68mg,0.5mmol)、1-乙基-3--(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(96mg,0.5mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.35mL,2.0mmol)处理。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc(40mL)稀释。用1N HCl、NaHCO3(5%)和盐水洗涤溶液,有机层用Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶剂,残留物在硅胶上纯化,用DCM/MeOH的混合物洗脱(30∶1至20∶1),得到化合物123(145mg,86%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.09(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.82(s,1H),6.40(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),4.81(td,J=8.8,5.1Hz,1H),4.54(ddd,J=11.5,7.3,3.9Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.30(ddd,J=7.5,4.5,2.4Hz,2H),2.47(s,3H),2.45–2.28(m,2H),2.13–2.00(m,2H),1.88(ddd,J=13.4,7.7,3.8Hz,2H),1.83–1.61(m,3H),1.61–1.47(m,1H),0.98(m,3H),0.96(m,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.82,172.32,172.14,171.08,158.88,158.46,101.41,52.30,51.65,50.61,42.25,42.11,37.90,33.33,26.61,24.71,22.87,22.10,21.40,12.31.ESI-MS(m/z):423.2(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(124)
按照制备化合物90所述的方案,由化合物123(110mg,0.27mmol)制备化合物124(86mg,82%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.85(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),4.72(td,J=8.5,4.2Hz,1H),4.06(td,J=7.5,3.9Hz,1H),3.59(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.39–3.20(m,2H),2.46(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.37–2.26(m,1H),2.19(ddd,J=14.1,10.9,4.6Hz,1H),2.05(ddq,J=11.1,5.9,2.9Hz,1H),1.92–1.78(m,1H),1.79–1.59(m,6H),1.58–1.38(m,1H),0.95(s,3H),0.93(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.81,172.46,171.09,158.98,158.49,101.50,65.63,52.17,49.61,42.35,41.98,38.00,32.62,26.78,24.86,22.98,21.99,21.43,12.30.ESI-MS(m/z):395.2(M+H)+。
5-甲基-N-((S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)戊烷-2-基)异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(125)
按照制备化合物91所述的方案,由化合物124(52mg,0.13mmol)制备化合物125(26mg,53%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ6.56–6.44(m,1H),4.60(tdd,J=8.5,5.6,2.6Hz,1H),4.56–4.39(m,1H),4.24–3.88(m,1H),3.36(d,J=3.7Hz,2H),3.30–3.20(m,2H),2.50(dd,J=2.2,0.9Hz,3H),2.34(dddd,J=20.4,11.7,6.6,3.3Hz,1H),2.23–2.09(m,1H),2.03(ddt,J=13.1,6.4,3.2Hz,1H),1.89–1.60(m,3H),1.57–1.40(m,1H),1.01(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.10,173.19,171.63,159.95,158.32,100.64,98.33,53.80,52.39,50.56,41.61,40.55,37.01,29.80,25.40,24.62,21.90,20.83,10.62.ESI-MS(m/z):393.2(M+H)+。
乙基(S,E)-4-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-5-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)戊-2-烯酸酯(126)
在-78℃,在氩气气氛下,向磷酸三乙酯(20mg,0.09mmol)在无水THF(0.5mL)中溶液中加入氢化钠(2.0mg,0.05mmol)。在相同温度下将悬浮液搅拌30分钟,并滴加化合物91(12.5mg,0.021mmol)在无水THF中的溶液。将反应逐渐升温至-30℃并搅拌1h,完成后通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液将其淬灭。混合物用AcOEt(15mL)稀释,水层用AcOEt萃取。用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层,减压蒸发溶剂。残留物通过制备型薄层色谱纯化(DCM/MeOH 20:1),得到化合物126(8.1mg,58%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.28(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.2,1.4Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.55(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.4Hz,2H),7.48(ddd,J=8.0,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.44–7.33(m,2H),6.80(dd,J=15.7,5.4Hz,1H),6.64(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.37(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),6.01(s,1H),5.91(dd,J=15.7,1.5Hz,1H),4.98(q,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.46(td,J=8.7,8.2,4.7Hz,2H),3.78-3.72(m,4H),3.59(dd,J=14.3,7.2Hz,1H),3.32–3.18(m,2H),2.45(s,3H),2.22(dd,J=10.6,5.5Hz,1H),2.02–1.96(m,2H),1.84-1.79(m,2H),1.70-1.62(m,2H),1.53–1.42(m,4H),1.40–1.25(m,3H),0.86(d,J=4.4Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=4.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.93,171.81,171.28,170.02,166.77,159.39,158.14,147.83,133.94,132.45,132.00,128.85,128.02,127.84,126.45,125.75,125.47,123.75,120.66,101.32,54.22,52.30,51.57,49.50,42.32,41.49,38.71,35.86,35.04,27.93,24.79,22.92,21.83,21.50,12.32.ESI-MS(m/z):660.3(M+H)+。
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-1,1-二甲氧基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(127)
向化合物91(23mg,0.039mmol)的MeOH(2mL)溶液中加入TsOH(0.5mg)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。除去溶剂后,残留物用制备型TLC纯化(DCM/MeOH=20:1),得到化合物127(16.3mg,66%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.27(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.56(ddd,J=8.5,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.53–7.41(m,2H),7.37(dd,J=8.2,7.0Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),5.03(ddd,J=9.5,5.0,1.9Hz,1H),4.42(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.31–4.22(m,1H),4.22–4.09(m,1H),3.82(dd,J=14.4,4.9Hz,1H),3.41(s,3H),3.39(s,3H),3.38–3.36(m,1H),3.23(tt,J=7.2,3.8Hz,3H),2.43(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),2.31(dddd,J=11.8,9.2,5.9,3.1Hz,1H),2.16(ddd,J=14.2,12.2,3.3Hz,1H),2.10–2.03(m,1H),1.84–1.54(m,4H),1.53–1.41(m,1H),1.37(dd,J=7.0,5.1Hz,1H),0.98(dd,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.95(dd,J=6.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.92,173.39,173.31,171.61,171.57,159.89,158.08,134.04,132.72,131.99,128.44,127.39,127.34,125.92,125.31,124.99,123.24,105.88,100.52,54.62,53.83,52.55,41.61,40.57,37.05,34.38,30.70,25.50,24.41,21.83,20.93,20.70,10.55.ESI-MS(m/z):604.2(M-OCH3)+。
苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((1R,2S)-1-氰基-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯和苄基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((1S,2S)-1-氰基-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(128和129)
向18(31mg,0.05mmol)在DCM(0.5mL)中的溶液中加入NaHSO3(1M,0.06mL,0.06mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后加入KCN溶液(1M,0.06mL,0.06mmol)。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用DCM(30mL)稀释,并用水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层,减压蒸发溶剂。残留物通过制备型薄层色谱纯化(DCM/MeOH,20/1),得到极性较低的异构体128(11mg,34%)和极性较高的异构体129(14mg,43%)。
化合物128:1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.10(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.76(dt,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H),7.66(dt,J=7.1,3.1Hz,1H),7.49–7.34(m,2H),7.34–7.24(m,2H),7.21–7.16(m,2H),7.16–7.02(m,3H),4.90–4.87(m,1H),4.60–4.40(m,1H),4.40–4.20(m,2H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),3.67-3.56(m,1H),3.18–2.98(m,3H),2.37–2.02(m,2H),1.97–1.85(m,1H),1.78–1.42(m,7H),1.34(t,J=11.2Hz,1H),0.92–0.75(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ175.51,175.44,173.86,172.71,156.88,136.69,134.06,133.11,132.01,128.48,128.04,127.50,127.27,125.86,125.27,125.00,123.33,118.89,66.19,63.62,55.91,52.30,49.58,41.55,40.59,37.62,36.97,34.46,31.42,25.77,24.47,21.26,20.52.ESI-MS(m/z):642.3(M+H)+。
化合物129:1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.22(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=6.7,2.9Hz,1H),7.61–7.46(m,2H),7.45–7.36(m,2H),7.34–7.28(m,3H),7.26–7.14(m,2H),5.06–4.97(m,2H),4.85-4.77(m,1H),4.63(dq,J=15.8,6.1,5.4Hz,1H),4.50–4.33(m,1H),4.22(dt,J=12.1,3.8Hz,1H),4.02(ddd,J=9.7,5.2,2.6Hz,1H),3.73(dt,J=14.5,4.2Hz,1H),3.36(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.28–3.12(m,3H),2.37(tdd,J=17.6,10.4,4.0Hz,1H),2.24–2.09(m,1H),2.08–1.96(m,1H),1.87–1.52(m,4H),1.52–1.40(m,1H),0.98–0.91(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.09,175.51,173.96,172.67,156.81,136.70,134.03,133.11,132.03,128.44,128.01,127.49,127.28,127.25,125.83,125.26,125.00,123.33,123.28,118.68,66.16,62.90,55.61,52.29,49.58,41.55,40.60,37.09,34.46,30.66,25.77,24.38,21.90,20.72.ESI-MS(m/z):642.3(M+H)+。
N-((2S)-1-(((2S)-1-(((2S)-1-氰基-1-羟基-3-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)丙烷-2-基)氨基)-4-甲基-1-氧代戊烷-2-基)氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)-1-氧代丙烷-2-基)-5-甲基异噁唑-3-甲酰胺(130和131)
按照制备化合物128和129所述的方法,由91合成氰醇130和131。纯化后,一个馏分被分离为单一异构体(130,构型未知),而其他馏分为(R)-和(S)-异构体的混合物(131)。
化合物130:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.28(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.89–7.64(m,3H),7.46(dtd,J=10.1,6.8,1.7Hz,3H),7.38–7.28(m,2H),6.64(s,1H),6.27(s,1H),5.98(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.06(td,J=8.0,6.0Hz,1H),4.56(dd,J=7.7,3.7Hz,1H),4.49(td,J=8.2,5.5Hz,1H),4.22(ddt,J=11.5,7.5,3.7Hz,1H),3.70(dd,J=14.5,5.9Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=14.4,8.3Hz,1H),3.29–3.10(m,2H),2.38(s,3H),2.29(ddd,J=22.3,12.0,4.6Hz,2H),1.97(tt,J=8.9,4.0Hz,1H),1.77(dt,J=13.5,4.2Hz,1H),1.71–1.38(m,5H),0.82(dd,J=2.2Hz,3H),0.80(dd,J=2.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.17,173.96,171.34,170.79,159.45,158.04,133.87,132.51,131.97,128.82,127.86,127.70,126.44,125.76,125.42,123.62,118.45,101.31,65.16,54.07,52.77,51.78,42.24,41.12,37.79,34.93,31.49,27.09,24.75,22.75,21.96,21.24,12.27.ESI-MS(m/z):617.3(M+H)+。
乙基(E)-4-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-2-(3-甲基噻吩-2-羧酰氨基)-3-(萘基-1-基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-5-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)戊-2-烯酸酯(132和133)
按照制备化合物126所述的方法,由115合成化合物132和133。
化合物132:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.29(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.89–7.79(m,2H),7.79–7.70(m,1H),7.51(dddd,J=23.8,8.0,6.8,1.3Hz,2H),7.46–7.34(m,2H),6.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.87–6.76(m,2H),6.50(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.93(ddd,J=17.2,13.9,3.0Hz,2H),5.00(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.48(td,J=9.3,8.8,4.8Hz,2H),4.18(qd,J=7.2,2.9Hz,3H),3.83–3.56(m,2H),3.22(s,1H),2.97(dd,J=21.6,6.4Hz,1H),2.33(d,J=2.2Hz,3H),2.28–2.15(m,1H),2.06–1.89(m,1H),1.81(dd,J=9.0,4.5Hz,1H),1.69(ddt,J=13.3,9.1,4.5Hz,1H),1.58–1.41(m,3H),1.35(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.30–1.22(m,4H),0.88(s,3H),0.86(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.88,171.95,170.84,166.34,163.26,147.48,141.24,133.96,132.75,132.19,131.97,130.76,128.84,128.00,127.92,127.47,126.49,125.78,125.49,123.93,121.16,60.41,54.60,52.31,49.36,42.34,41.44,38.66,36.03,34.78,27.88,24.83,23.03,21.73,21.43,15.66,14.25.ESI-MS(m/z):675.3(M+H)+。
化合物133:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.35(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=8.0,1.3Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.57(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.54–7.48(m,1H),7.46–7.35(m,2H),7.00–6.79(m,2H),6.62(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.48(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.90(dd,J=15.6,1.7Hz,1H),5.82(s,1H),5.07(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.71(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.43(td,J=9.3,4.4Hz,1H),4.18(qd,J=7.1,1.0Hz,2H),3.80(dd,J=14.4,6.6Hz,1H),3.76–3.63(m,2H),3.22(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),2.32(s,3H),2.02–1.94(m,2H),1.93–1.81(m,1H),1.77–1.56(m,4H),1.50–1.40(m,2H),1.27(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.85(dd,J=1.7Hz,3H),0.82(dd,J=1.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.88,171.34,171.31,166.28,163.56,147.12,141.49,134.00,132.90,132.15,132.02,130.52,128.91,127.97,127.91,127.54,126.66,125.89,125.52,123.85,121.72,60.45,54.53,52.48,48.36,42.52,41.22,37.84,34.68,34.14,27.60,24.81,23.05,21.87,21.52,15.64,14.26.ESI-MS(m/z):675.3(M+H)+。
乙基(E)-4-((S)-4-甲基-2-((S)-3-(萘基-1-基)-2-(5-(三氟甲基)异噁唑-3-羧酰氨基)丙酰氨基)戊酰氨基)-5-((S)-2-氧代哌啶-3-基)戊-2-烯酸酯(134和135)
按照制备化合物126所述的方法,由104合成化合物134和135。
化合物134:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.28(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.90–7.83(m,1H),7.76(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.52(dddd,J=26.4,8.0,6.8,1.3Hz,2H),7.45–7.32(m,2H),7.08(t,J=0.9Hz,1H),6.79(dd,J=15.7,5.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.92(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),5.01(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.45(td,J=10.4,8.3,5.0Hz,2H),4.18(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.79–3.56(m,2H),3.26(d,J=12.9Hz,3H),2.35–2.23(m,1H),2.09–1.91(m,2H),1.87–1.60(m,4H),1.60–1.37(m,3H),1.27(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.88(dd,J=1.7Hz,3H),0.86(dd,J=1.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.17,171.74,169.67,166.31,158.17,157.27,147.31,133.97,132.13,131.98,128.93,128.23,127.99,126.55,125.85,125.48,123.65,121.22,105.33,105.30,60.45,54.39,52.35,49.88,42.39,41.62,38.85,36.13,35.35,28.22,24.80,22.90,21.87,21.44,14.24.19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-64.01.ESI-MS(m/z):714.3(M+H)+。
化合物135:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.62(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.29(s,1H),8.21(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.2,1.5Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.73–7.65(m,1H),7.60–7.53(m,2H),7.51–7.46(m,2H),7.41–7.37(m,1H),6.86(dd,J=15.6,4.4Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.10(s,1H),5.96(dd,J=15.6,1.8Hz,1H),5.16(q,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.70(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.31(ddd,J=9.8,7.9,4.8Hz,1H),4.26–4.12(m,3H),3.77(dd,J=14.3,7.3Hz,1H),3.68(dd,J=14.4,7.0Hz,1H),3.25(s,3H),2.35–2.25(m,1H),1.96–1.87(m,2H),1.70(ddt,J=16.6,12.5,6.3Hz,3H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.81(d,J=4.2Hz,3H),0.79(d,J=4.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.30,170.83,169.81,166.31,158.36,157.28,146.91,133.99,132.42,132.16,131.97,128.99,128.45,128.13,127.99,126.63,125.89,125.57,123.53,122.05,105.47,60.53,54.19,52.86,48.51,42.49,40.70,37.48,35.16,28.33,24.74,22.94,21.64,21.60,14.26.19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-64.01.ESI-MS(m/z):714.3(M+H)+。
实施例2
细胞毒性试验
如先前所述,在Vero、人类PBM、CEM(人类淋巴母细胞)、MT-2和HepG2细胞中评估了这些化合物的毒性(参见Schinazi R.F.,Sommadossi J.-P.,Saalmann V.,Cannon D.L.,Xie M.-Y.,Hart G.C.,Smith G.A.&Hahn E.F.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.1990,34,1061-67)。环己酰亚胺作为阳性细胞毒性对照,暴露于溶剂的未处理细胞作为阴性对照。使用先前所述的中位有效方法从浓度-反应曲线获得细胞毒性CC50(参见Chou T.-C.&Talalay P.Adv.Enzyme Regul.1984,22,27-55;Belen’kii M.S.&SchinaziR.F.Antiviral Res.1994,25,1-11)。结果如下表1所示:
表1
细胞毒性,CC50,μM(%抑制)
在表中,化合物11、19、28、29、35-39和67具有以下结构:
实施例3
HepG2细胞线粒体毒性试验:
i)化合物对细胞生长和乳酸产生的影响:通过在0μM、0.1μM、1μM、10μM和100μM药物的存在下孵育细胞来确定对HepG2细胞生长的影响。将细胞(每孔5x104个)接种到12孔细胞培养集群中,在补充有10%胎牛血清、1%丙酮酸钠和1%青霉素/链霉素的含非必需氨基酸的最小必需培养基中,并在37℃孵育4天。在孵育期结束时,使用血细胞计数器测定细胞数量。也由Pan-Zhou X-R,Cui L,Zhou X-J,Sommadossi J-P,Darley-Usmer VM."Differential effects of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs on mitochondrialfunction in HepG2 cells,"Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2000;44:496-503教导。
为了测量化合物对乳酸产生的影响,将来自储备培养物的HepG2细胞稀释,并以每孔2.5x104个细胞的置于12孔培养板中。加入不同浓度(0μM、0.1μM、1μM、10μM和100μM)的化合物,将培养物在37℃的5%CO2加湿气氛中培养4天。在第4天,测定每个孔中的细胞数量并收集培养基。然后过滤培养基,并使用比色乳酸测定法(Sigma-Aldrich)测定培养基中的乳酸含量。由于乳酸产物可以被认为是线粒体功能受损的标志,因此在测试化合物的存在下生长的细胞中检测到的乳酸产生水平升高将表明药物诱导的细胞毒性效应。
ii)化合物对线粒体DNA合成的影响:已经开发了一种实时PCR测定法来精确定量线粒体DNA含量(参见Stuyver LJ,Lostia S,Adams M,Mathew JS,Pai BS,Grier J,Tharnish PM,Choi Y,Chong Y,Choo H,Chu CK,Otto MJ,Schinazi RF.Antiviralactivities and cellular toxicities of modified2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine analogs.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2002;46:3854-60)。该试验用于本申请中描述的所有研究,以确定化合物对线粒体DNA含量的影响。在该试验中,将低传代次数的HepG2细胞以5000个细胞/孔接种在胶原包被的96孔板中。向培养基中加入测试化合物以获得0μM、0.1μM、10μM和100μM的最终浓度。在培养第7天,通过使用市售的柱子(RNeasy96试剂盒;Qiagen)来制备细胞核酸。这些试剂盒共同纯化RNA和DNA,因此,总核酸从色谱柱上洗脱下来。使用多重Q-PCR方案,用对于靶标和参照扩增的合适的引物和探针,从5μl的洗脱的核酸扩增线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基II(COXII)基因和β-肌动蛋白或rRNA基因。对于COXII,分别使用了以下正义、探针和反义引物:5'-TGCCCGCCATCATCCTA-3'、5'-四氯-6-羧基荧光素-TCCTCATCGCCCTCCCATCCC-TAMRA-3'和5'-CGTCTGTTATGTAAAGGATGCGT-3'。对于β-肌动蛋白基因的外显子3(GenBank登记号E01094),正义、探针和反义引物分别为5'-GCGCGGCTACAGCTTCA-3'、5'-6-FAMCACCACGGCCGAGCGGGATAMRA-3'和5'-TCTCCTTAATGTCACGCACGAT-3'。rRNA基因的引物和探针可从Applied Biosystems购得。由于所有基因都获得了相同的扩增效率,因此使用比较CT方法来研究线粒体DNA合成的潜在抑制。比较CT方法使用算术公式,其中靶标(COXII基因)的量被标准化为内源性参照(β-肌动蛋白或rRNA基因)的量,并且是相对于校准品(第7天没有药物的对照)的。这种方法的算术公式由2-ΔΔCT给出,其中ΔΔCT为(平均靶标测试样本的CT–靶标对照的CT)-(平均参照测试的CT–参照对照的CT)(见Johnson MR,K Wang,JB Smith,MJ Heslin,RBDiasio.Quantitation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Anal.Biochem.2000;278:175-184)。在药物存在下生长的细胞中线粒体DNA含量的降低表明线粒体毒性。
实施例4
Neuro2A细胞的线粒体毒性试验
为了评估本发明化合物引起神经元毒性的潜力,可以使用小鼠Neuro2A细胞(American Type Culture Collection 131)作为模型系统(参见Ray AS,Hernandez-Santiago BI,Mathew JS,Murakami E,Bozeman C,Xie MY,Dutschman GE,Gullen E,YangZ,Hurwitz S,Cheng YC,Chu CK,McClure H,Schinazi RF,Anderson KS.Mechanism ofanti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of beta-D-6-cyclopropylamino-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2005,49,1994-2001)。如所述,可以使用基于3-(4,5-二甲基-噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑鎓溴化物染料的试验来测量抑制细胞生长50%所必需的浓度(CC50)。在确定的药物浓度下,细胞乳酸和线粒体DNA水平的扰动可以如上所述进行。ddC和AZT可用作对照核苷类似物。
实施例5
骨髓细胞毒性试验
原代人骨髓单个核细胞可从Cambrex Bioscience(Walkersville,MD)获得。在50单位/mL人重组粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子存在下,使用双层软琼脂进行CFU-GM分析,而BFU-E分析使用含有1单位/mL促红细胞生成素的乙基纤维素基质(参见Sommadossi JP,Carlisle R.Toxicity of 3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine for normal human hepatopoietic progenitor cells invitro.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.1987;31:452-454;Sommadossi,JP,Schinazi,RF,Chu,CK,and Xie,MY.Comparison of cytotoxicity of the(-)and(+)enantiomer of 2’,3’-dideoxy-3’-thiacytidine in normal human bone marrow progenitorcells.Biochem.Pharmacol.1992;44:1921-1925)。每个实验可以在来自三个不同供体的细胞中重复进行。使用AZT作为阳性对照。细胞可以在化合物的存在下在37℃和5%CO2下孵育14-18天,并且可以使用倒置显微镜计数大于50个细胞的菌落以确定IC50。可以通过药物浓度的对数对BFU-E存活分数的最小二乘线性回归分析来获得50%抑制浓度(IC50)。对于独立的非配对样本,可以使用学生t检验进行统计分析。
实施例6
抗肠道病毒活性
使用MTS(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺基苯基)-2H-四唑鎓)方法测试化合物的细胞毒性,并在人横纹肌肉瘤(RD)细胞系中测定每种测试化合物的CC50(IC50)值(将细胞活性降低50%所需药物的细胞毒性浓度)。此外,还确定了每种化合物的最大无毒浓度(MNTC)。为了避免可能干扰病毒致细胞病变效应(CPE)的潜在药物毒性,化合物以无毒浓度进行评估。每种测试化合物的所得抑制作用计算为EV-71CPE减少的百分比。简而言之,在96孔板中制备单层RD细胞。然后用1MOI的EV-71(BrCr株)感染细胞,然后用单一无毒剂量的每种化合物处理,一式三份。溶媒对照孔用稀释在工作介质中的0.1%二甲基亚砜处理。然后将平板孵育48小时,此时病毒对照孔产生可检测的CPE。为了确定测试化合物的可能的CPE抑制效果,进行MTS分析,并选择有效化合物进行进一步研究,以确定化合物的效力及其浓度依赖性。通过病毒产量减少试验方法确定每种化合物的剂量-响应抗病毒活性。简而言之,96孔微孔板中的融合单层RD细胞用0.1MOI的EV-71感染,然后用化合物处理。进一步定量有效化合物,并通过病毒产量减少试验进行确认,该试验使用优化的室内qRT-PCR从收集的上清液中测定处理后2天的EV-71RNA拷贝数。使用EV-71特异性探针/引物混合物和qScript-Tough master混合物(Quantibio,USA)进行qRT-PCR。根据制造商的方案,使用StepOnePlus实时PCR系统(德国罗氏)进行定量PCR测量。使用GraphPadPRISM for Windows,第5版(GraphPad Software Inc.,San Diego,CA,2005)作为三个独立实验的三次试验的平均值的平均±标准偏差(SD),计算中值有效浓度(EC50)和具有90%抑制作用的浓度(EC90)。
本文描述的几种化合物对抗肠道病毒EV-71(BrCr株)的中值有效浓度(EC50)范围如下所示:
化合物11
EC50=0.19μM
EC90=0.36μM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3240
EC50=0.05μM
EC90=0.13μM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3146
EC50=0.19μM
EC90=0.36μM
CC50=80.2μM
RS-2608
EC50=0.09μM
EC90=0.26μM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3206
IC50=0.09μM
IC90=0.57μM
CC50=>100μM
化合物79
EC50=0.70μM
EC90=1.31μM
CC50=32.4μM
化合物39
EC50=0.32μM
EC90=0.58μM;CC50=65μM
化合物67
EC50=1.44μM
EC90=5.02μM
CC50=>100μM
化合物74
EC50=0.75μM
EC90=2.11μM
CC50=42.5μM
化合物38
EC50=0.31μM
EC90=0.58μM
CC50=25μM
化合物36
EC50=0.03μM
EC90=0.12μM
CC50=42.5μM
RS-2592
EC50=2.3μM
EC90=4.8μM
CC50>100
RS-3204
EC50=0.28μM
EC90=0.57μM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3205
EC50=0.03μM
EC90=0.06μM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3295
EC50=1.1μM
EC90=4.0μM
CC50=>100μM
化合物91
EC50=1.7nM
EC90=7.5nM
CC50=>100μM
化合物91A(化合物91的异构体)
EC50=8.5nM
EC90=21.4nM
CC50=>100μM
化合物19
IC50=8.8nM
IC90=30.0nM;CC50=32.5μM
化合物37
IC50=11.8nM
IC90=30.0nM
CC50=95μM
化合物35
IC50=10.3nM
IC90=29.1nM
CC50=>100μM
RS-3294
EC50=9.4nM
EC90=16.6nanoM;CC50=>100μM
化合物29
IC50=17.2nM
IC90=64.0nM
CC50=>100μM
化合物23
EC50=15.8nM
EC90=47.5nM;CC50=>100μM
因此,本文所述式中的许多化合物具有纳摩尔EC50值和优异的治疗窗(即,CC50值>100μM)。
实施例7
SARS的体外试验
通过将严重急性呼吸综合征3CL蛋白酶与大肠杆菌麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)融合而制备的融合蛋白,可以在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLys S细胞(Novagen,Oakland,Calif.)中表达。如此获得的融合蛋白可以通过直链淀粉亲和层析纯化,并用因子Xa切割以释放严重急性呼吸综合征3CL蛋白酶。随后,可以使用苯基琼脂糖CL-4B柱(Pharmacia,Uppsala,Sweden)将重组蛋白酶纯化至均质,并浓缩形成25μM溶液。
可以通过在含有20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.5)、200mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、1mM二硫苏糖醇、和1mg/mL牛血清白蛋白的培养基中,与含有15μM的底物肽(SITSAVLQSGFRKMA,SEQ IDNo:1)的溶液在25℃孵育30分钟来测定严重急性呼吸综合征3CL蛋白酶(75nM)的酶活性。可以通过加入等体积的0.2%三氟乙酸来终止反应。可以使用C18柱通过反相HPLC来分析反应混合物。裂解产物可以使用乙腈在0.9%三氟乙酸中的5-95%线性梯度进行解析。峰面积的量化可用于确定底物转化的程度。
可以测试化合物抑制严重急性呼吸综合征3CL蛋白酶的功效。具体而言,测试化合物和严重急性呼吸综合征3CL蛋白酶可以在25℃预孵育20分钟,然后与底物肽一起孵育。
实施例8
SARS-CoV-2和HCoV(OC43)的体外测定:
为了确定每种选择的化合物对SARS-CoV-2在Vero细胞中或HCoV(OC43)在Huh7细胞中的体外复制的潜在效果,可以以0.1的感染复数(MOI)感染96孔细胞培养微孔板中的汇合细胞单层,并用每种化合物的最大无毒浓度(MNTC)处理。为了评估抗病毒活性,可以对每种病毒进行使用特异性qRT-PCR的病毒产量降低试验。
剂量依赖性抗病毒试验。通过抗病毒评价试验选择的每种化合物的抗病毒效果可以通过使用优化的qRT-PCR的病毒产量降低试验进一步确认,该试验通过测量处理过的感染细胞的上清液中每种病毒的RNA拷贝数来进行。每次试验都可以使用阳性对照,如瑞德西韦。
统计分析。可以使用GraphPad PRISM for Windows,第5版(GraphPad SoftwareInc.,San Diego,CA,2005)或Chou和Talalay方法计算半最大有效浓度(EC50)和具有90%抑制效果的浓度(EC90)。
这些方法用于评价本文所述的某些化合物。
SARS-CoV-2菌株由BEI Resources提供(NR-52281:USA-WA/2020)。病毒在Vero细胞(African Green Monkey Kidney:ATCC)中繁殖,并通过中值组织培养感染剂量(TCID50)法滴定。病毒在-80℃下以等份储存,直到进一步使用。
在基于细胞的试验中,使用qRT-PCR试验来专门定量SARS-CoV-2的产量。在含有提取的病毒RNA、由CDC推荐并由IDT DNATechnology合成的探针/引物混合物(正向引物:5’-GAC CCC AAAATC AGC GAAAT-3’;反向引物:5’-TCT GGT TAC TGC CAG TTG AAT CTG-3’;探针:5’-FAM-ACC CCG CAT TAC GTT TGG TGG ACC-BHQ1-3’)、和qScript-Tough master混合物的20μl终体积中进行一步qRT-PCR。使用StepOnePlus实时PCR系统(德国罗氏)进行定量PCR测量。
病毒动力学复制试验:为了确定病毒产量试验的最佳时间点,进行了SARS-CoV-2在Vero细胞中的动力学复制,并使用SARS-CoV-2特异性q-RT PCR在间隔时间点从上清液中评估子代病毒的产量。观察到感染后48小时,病毒产量显著增加。
本文引用了各种出版物,其公开内容出于所有目的通过引用整体并入。
本发明不限于本文所述的具体实施方案的范围。实际上,除了所描述的那些之外,本发明的各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说从前面的描述和附图中是显而易见的。这些修改旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (53)
1.式I-VI中任意的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和-CH2-(卤代)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R5是-C(O)H、CH=C(CN)C(O)NH2、-C(O)CF3、-CH(OH)CF3、-C(OH)SO3-(和一种缔合阳离子,例如Na+)、或任选取代的环氧化物环,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
m、n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如以上关于式I的定义;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如以上关于式I的定义;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中R4、R5、R7、R7’、R10、和R10’如以上关于式I的定义,且R1是任选取代的C6-12环烷基、或任选取代的五或六元环杂芳基;
其中R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如以上关于式I的定义,且R1是五或六元环杂芳基,
及其药学上可接受的盐和前药;和
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中Cbz=苄氧羰基,且R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如以上关于式I的定义。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中R5是C(O)H。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中R3是烷基芳基或烷基杂芳基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中R1是噻吩。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中X是O,R2和R2’是H,R1是任选取代的苯基。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中X=共价键,p=0,并且R1是任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中杂芳基环是吡嗪、噻吩、异噁唑或噁唑环。
11.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中R3是苯基、卤代苯基或萘基。
12.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述肝炎病毒科病毒是戊型肝炎病毒。
13.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述小核糖核酸病毒是肠道病毒。
14.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述病毒是多发性硬化症、SARS、MERS或COVID-19的病原体。
15.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中所述肠道病毒是呼吸道感染的病原体。
16.一种用于治疗感染了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒的宿主,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低宿主中冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的方法,包括给需要治疗的患者施用有效量的式I-VI中的任意的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,特别包括-CH2--萘基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基,例如-CH2-(4-羟基)苯基、和-CH2-(卤代)苯基,例如-CH2-(4-卤素)苯基,包括-CH2-(氟)苯基,特别是,-CH2-(4-氟)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R5是-C(O)H、CH=C(CN)C(O)NH2、-C(O)CF3、-CH(OH)CF3、-C(OH)SO3-(和一种缔合阳离子,例如Na+)、或任选取代的环氧化物环,优选是-C(O)H,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
m、n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如以上关于式I的定义;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中p、X、R1、R2、R2’、R3、R4和R5如以上关于式I的定义;
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中R4、R5、R7、R7’、R10、和R10’如以上关于式I的定义,且R1是任选取代的C6-12环烷基、或任选取代的五或六元环杂芳基;
其中R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如以上关于式I的定义,且R1是五或六元环杂芳基,
及其药学上可接受的盐和前药;和
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中Cbz=苄氧羰基,且R3、R4、R5、R6、R6’、R7、R7’、R10、R10’,m和n如以上关于式I的定义。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中R5是C(O)H。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中R3是烷基芳基或烷基杂芳基。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中R1是噻吩。
23.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中X是O,R2和R2’是H,R1是任选取代的苯基。
24.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中X=共价键,p=0,并且R1是任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中杂芳基环是吡嗪、噻吩、异噁唑或噁唑环。
26.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中R3是苯基、卤代苯基或萘基。
27.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述肝炎病毒科病毒是戊型肝炎病毒。
28.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述小核糖核酸病毒是肠道病毒。
29.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述病毒是多发性硬化症、SARS、MERS或COVID-19的病原体。
30.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述病毒是呼吸道感染的病原体。
31.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括与式I-VI中的任意的化合物组合或交替施用另一种抗冠状病毒或小核糖核酸病毒剂。
32.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述药物还用于治疗共感染诺如病毒的患者。
33.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述患者共感染诺如病毒,并且所述化合物在治疗诺如病毒共感染方面也是有效的。
35.式VII的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
36.式VIII的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R3是任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C2-8烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基、-CH2-(羟基)苯基、和–CH2-(卤代)苯基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
37.式IX的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
m=2或3
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
38.式X的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途:
或其药学上可接受的盐或前药,
其中:
R1是任选取代的C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、或杂芳烷氧基,
R4是任选取代的C1-6烷基,
R8独立地是H、任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基,
R9是任选取代的C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷基芳基、杂芳基烷基、或烷基杂芳基
q是1、2或3,
R2、R2’、R10和R10’独立地是氢、CF3、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、或C2-6烯基,
X独立地是键、O或NH,
n和p独立地是0、1、2、或3;
R6和R6’独立地是氢、卤素、CF3、羟基、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;或者R6和R6’,与它们所连接的碳一起,形成羰基,
每个R’独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基芳基、或芳基烷基,
R’基团可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地是卤素、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、羟基、羧基、酰基、芳基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺酸、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、硫烷基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、酯、羧酸、酰胺、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦、硫酯、硫醚、酰卤、酸酐、肟、肼、氨基甲酸酯、膦酸或膦酸酯;
位于相同碳原子或氮原子上的两个R’可以一起形成任选地含有N、O、或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R6和R6’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环;
R7和R7’独立地是氢、CF3、N(R’)S(O)2R’、S(O)2R’、S(O)2N(R’)2、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、氰基、C2-6炔基、C3-6烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、C1-6烷基、芳基烷氧基羰基、羧基、C1-6卤代烷基、杂环基烷基、或C1-6羟基烷基;且
R7和R7’可以一起形成任选取代的双键或任选地含有N、O或S杂原子的C3-6环,及其药学上可接受的盐和前药。
39.根据权利要求35-38中任一项所述的用途,其中X是O,R2和R2’是H,R1是任选取代的苯基。
40.根据权利要求35-38中任一项所述的用途,其中X=共价键,p=0,并且R1是任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
41.根据权利要求41所述的用途,其中杂芳基环是吡嗪、噻吩、异噁唑或噁唑环。
42.根据权利要求35-38中任一项所述的用途,其中R3是苯基、卤代苯基或萘基。
44.权利要求43的化合物在制备用于治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和/或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的药物中的用途。
45.权利要求1-15、35-42或44中任一项的用途,其中所述药物还包含一种或多种另外的活性化合物。
46.根据权利要求45所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种另外的活性化合物选自由以下组成的组:融合抑制剂、进入抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、聚合酶抑制剂、抗病毒核苷、病毒进入抑制剂、病毒成熟抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)抑制剂、SARS-CoV特异性人单克隆抗体(包括CR3022)及具有不同或未知机制的药剂。
47.根据权利要求46所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种另外的活性剂包括瑞德西韦、N-羟基胞苷、或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
48.根据权利要求46所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种另外的活性剂包括贾卡菲、托法替尼、巴里西替尼或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
49.根据权利要求46所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种另外的活性剂包括抗凝血剂或血小板聚集抑制剂。
50.根据权利要求46所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种另外的活性剂包括ACE-2抑制剂、CYP-450抑制剂或NOX抑制剂。
51.一种用于治疗感染了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒的宿主,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低宿主中冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的方法,包括给需要治疗的患者施用有效量的式VII-X中的任意的化合物。
52.一种用于治疗感染了冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒的宿主,预防冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,治疗冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染,或降低宿主中冠状病毒、小核糖核酸病毒或肝炎病毒科病毒感染的生物活性的方法,包括给需要治疗的患者施用有效量的权利要求43的化合物。
53.权利要求1-15、35-42、44或48-50中任一项的用途,其中所述病毒是SARS-CoV-2。
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EP3980400A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
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MX2021014742A (es) | 2022-02-11 |
CA3139977A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
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AU2020289560A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
BR112021024310A2 (pt) | 2022-02-15 |
US20210008150A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
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