CN114024072A - Fire prevention battery package and vehicle - Google Patents

Fire prevention battery package and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114024072A
CN114024072A CN202010688181.7A CN202010688181A CN114024072A CN 114024072 A CN114024072 A CN 114024072A CN 202010688181 A CN202010688181 A CN 202010688181A CN 114024072 A CN114024072 A CN 114024072A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
extinguishing agent
battery pack
fire
battery
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Granted
Application number
CN202010688181.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114024072B (en
Inventor
李飞
姜乃文
张尧
王宇豪
陈艺宗
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Zephyr Intelligent System Shanghai Co Ltd
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Zephyr Intelligent System Shanghai Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010688181.7A priority Critical patent/CN114024072B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/105658 priority patent/WO2022012450A1/en
Publication of CN114024072A publication Critical patent/CN114024072A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114024072B publication Critical patent/CN114024072B/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
    • A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack and a vehicle, comprising: the protection box body is internally provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities for installing the battery module and is surrounded by box walls, and a hollow structure for filling a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is formed in each box wall; the spraying parts are distributed on one side, facing to the containing cavities, of the box wall and communicated with the hollow structures, thermosensitive materials used for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structures from being sprayed are filled in the spraying parts, and the thermosensitive materials can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out of the containing cavities through the spraying parts. This embodiment sets up fire extinguishing agent in the inside space that stores and flow that sets up of the tank wall of the protection box body of battery package, and this space make full use of battery package section bar's hollow structure can reduce weight, utilizes hollow structure to store fire extinguishing agent simultaneously, can improve the space utilization in the battery package.

Description

Fire prevention battery package and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery safety, in particular to a fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack and a vehicle.
Background
Along with the improvement of the environmental protection attention degree and the rapid development of new energy automobile technology, the market demand for electric vehicles is getting larger and larger, and the electric vehicles gradually become one of the main transportation tools for replacing the original fuel vehicles.
Under the background, the energy density of lithium ion batteries used in new energy electric vehicles is continuously improved, and the volume and the capacity of battery packs are continuously enlarged. The thermal runaway risk and the damage degree of the lithium ion battery are increased more and more while the endurance mileage is improved. At present, the risk of thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery is widely considered as one of key problems limiting the development of new energy vehicles, and how to ensure that the safety of the outside of a battery pack, vehicles and personnel can still be ensured under the condition that the thermal runaway is generated due to the external action or the internal triggering of a lithium ion battery system is urgent.
At present battery package self does not integrate thermal protection or inhibit function, and the thermal runaway solution is at the outside thermal protection materials such as mica that increase of battery package or connect schemes such as outside fire extinguishing agent bottle on the battery package basically, all belongs to the scheme of installing additional protection and suppression, and is with high costs, and mounting structure is complicated, occupy too much automobile body inner space.
In addition, the conventional fire extinguishing tool for the battery pack does not consider the internal structure of the battery pack, a specific area where thermal runaway of the battery cells 510 is likely to occur, uniformity and pertinence of fire extinguishing agents in the battery pack and the like, the lithium ion battery with thermal runaway cannot be subjected to targeted fire extinguishing, so that the using amount of the fire extinguishing agents is large, the fire extinguishing efficiency is low, and the fire extinguishing agents used in an excessive amount may have adverse effects on other lithium ion batteries with normal functions, even vehicle body parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack and a vehicle aiming at the problems of complex fire prevention and extinguishing structure, occupied space and low fire extinguishing efficiency of the battery pack.
A fire prevention and suppression battery pack, comprising:
the protection box body is internally provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities for installing the battery module and is surrounded by box walls, and a hollow structure for filling a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is formed in each box wall;
the spraying parts are distributed on one side, facing to the containing cavities, of the box wall and communicated with the hollow structures, thermosensitive materials used for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structures from being sprayed are filled in the spraying parts, and the thermosensitive materials can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out of the containing cavities through the spraying parts.
The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack at least has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) in the embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent storage and flowing space is arranged in the wall of the protection box body of the battery pack, the space makes full use of the hollow structure of the battery pack section bar, and the hollow structure design can reduce the weight and save materials on one hand; on the other hand, the fire extinguishing agent is stored by utilizing the hollow structure, and the fire extinguishing agent bottle group does not need to be additionally configured, so that the space utilization rate in the battery pack can be improved.
(2) Because the blowout part is arranged the tank wall is towards each one side of holding chamber, can protect each holding chamber in the battery package, the module in the holding intracavity, even the battery monomer in the module when the battery package thermal runaway, can directly release fire extinguishing agent to thermal runaway battery module even monomer when taking place the thermal runaway, realize accurate, quick, efficient thermal runaway and restrain, show the security performance when promoting the battery package thermal runaway.
(3) The embodiment is integrated with the battery pack, is simple to install, reduces the number of parts and reduces the cost. Because the fire extinguishing effect is good, the heat prevention and control parts of the original battery system are reduced, and even the use of heat protection parts such as aerogel, mica sheets, fireproof cotton and the like can be eliminated.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing device further comprises a transmission pipeline, the transmission pipeline comprises a plurality of branch through pipes, fire extinguishing agents are filled in the transmission pipeline, a liquid inlet of each branch through pipe is communicated with the hollow structure, a liquid outlet of each branch through pipe extends to different preset positions inside or outside the accommodating cavity, a spray head is arranged at each liquid outlet, thermosensitive materials used for preventing the fire extinguishing agents in the branch through pipes from being sprayed out are filled in the spray head, and the thermosensitive materials can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agents can be sprayed out to the accommodating cavity through the spray head.
In one embodiment, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on each branch through pipe, and each nozzle faces each battery module and/or a battery cell of the battery module in the accommodating cavity.
In one embodiment, the spray head is arranged inside the battery module and/or the battery cell or is spaced from the battery module and/or the battery cell.
In one embodiment, the spray head faces the bottom, the side or the upper part of each battery module and/or the battery cell.
In one embodiment, the outlet of the spray head is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell, so that the flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent is consistent with the thermal runaway thermal spreading direction, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from a thermal runaway occurrence position to a thermal runaway non-occurrence position.
In one embodiment, the spray head comprises a liquid inlet part, a liquid outlet part and a thermosensitive material, wherein the liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part are communicated with each other, the thermosensitive material is arranged in the liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part, and an inlet of the liquid inlet part is communicated with a liquid outlet of the transmission pipeline; wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid inlet part is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part, and the liquid outlet part is trumpet-shaped along the flowing direction of the fire extinguishing agent.
In one embodiment, the heat sensitive material comprises at least one of a fusible alloy, a memory alloy, a thermoplastic resin, or a thermoplastic glass reinforced plastic.
In one embodiment, the battery pack further comprises a water cooling pipe, and the water cooling pipe is arranged on at least one of the bottom surface, the side surface or the top surface of the accommodating cavity and used for cooling.
In one embodiment, the side of the box wall facing each accommodating cavity is coated with an anticorrosive coating.
In one embodiment, the preset deformation temperature threshold range is 85 ℃ to 180 ℃.
In one embodiment, the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5 MPa.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent is in at least one of a gaseous state, a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a solid-liquid mixed state or a gas-solid-liquid mixed state; the fire extinguishing agent includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or argon.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing system further comprises a zero-pressure storage tank, wherein the zero-pressure storage tank is connected with a preset temperature sensor inside the protection box body and is used for generating gas pressure based on temperature data measured by the temperature sensor so as to pressurize the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structure.
A vehicle comprises the fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the branch pipe in the fire-fighting battery pack of fig. 1 being inserted into the battery module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the spray head of the fire suppression battery pack of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 100, a protective box body; 101. a box wall; 101a, a hollow structure; 110. an accommodating cavity;
200. a discharge section;
300. a transmission pipeline; 310. branch pipe; 320. a spray head; 321. a liquid inlet part; 322. a liquid outlet part; 323. a heat-sensitive material;
400. a water-cooled tube;
500. a battery module; 510. the battery cell 510.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, various embodiments of the invention defined by the claims are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and described in detail to facilitate this understanding, such details are to be regarded as illustrative only. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. Moreover, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise" and variations of the words, for example "comprising" and "comprises", mean "including but not limited to", and are not intended to (and do not) exclude other components, integers or steps. Features, integers or characteristics described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith.
It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The expression "comprising" and/or "may comprise" as used in the present invention is intended to indicate the presence of corresponding functions, operations or elements, and is not intended to limit the presence of one or more functions, operations and/or elements. Furthermore, in the present invention, the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are intended to indicate the presence of the features, amounts, operations, elements, and components disclosed in the specification, or combinations thereof. Thus, the terms "comprising" and/or "having" should be understood as presenting additional possibilities for one or more other features, quantities, operations, elements, and components, or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, the expression "or" comprises any and all combinations of the words listed together. For example, "a or B" may comprise a or B, or may comprise both a and B.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present; when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly or indirectly coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
References herein to "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are merely intended to indicate relative positional relationships, which may change accordingly when the absolute position of the object being described changes.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present specification and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack including:
the protection box body 100 is provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities 110 for installing the battery modules 500, the protection box body 100 is surrounded by box walls 101, and hollow structures 101a for filling fire extinguishing agents with preset pressure values are formed in the box walls 101;
the spraying parts 200 are distributed on one side of the box wall 101 facing the accommodating cavities 110 and communicated with the hollow structure 101a, the spraying parts 200 are filled with heat-sensitive materials for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structure 101a from spraying out, and the heat-sensitive materials can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out to the accommodating cavities 110 through the spraying parts 200.
Specifically, when the battery pack normally works, the thermosensitive material is in a stable state at normal temperature. When the heat of the battery module 500 in a certain accommodating cavity 110 is released to raise the temperature to reach the range of the preset deformation temperature threshold, the thermosensitive material in the spraying part 200 close to the accommodating cavity 110 deforms to enable the spraying part 200 at the position to be conducted, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed at a high speed through the spraying part 200 due to the fact that the fire extinguishing agent has preset pressure, so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to the battery module 500 in the accommodating cavity 110 at a fixed point, and can be used for rapidly extinguishing the fire of the thermal runaway module or the battery cell 510 to inhibit the thermal runaway and reduce the temperature at a high speed. It is worth mentioning that the maximum value of the preset deformation temperature threshold range should be less than or equal to the starting temperature of the battery pack at which thermal runaway occurs, the deformation includes at least one of melting, softening or embrittlement, and the preset pressure value should be greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value.
In the embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent storage and flowing space is arranged in the box wall 101 of the protection box body 100 of the battery pack, the space fully utilizes the hollow structure 101a of the battery pack section bar, and the hollow structure 101a is designed to reduce weight and save materials on one hand; on the other hand, the hollow structure 101a is used for storing the fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing agent bottle group does not need to be additionally arranged, so that the space utilization rate in the battery pack can be improved.
Because the blowout part 200 is distributed on one side of the box wall 101 facing to each accommodating cavity 110, when the battery pack is out of control due to heat, the battery pack can protect each accommodating cavity 110 in the battery pack, the module in the accommodating cavity 110, and even the battery monomer 510 in the module, when the thermal runaway occurs, the fire extinguishing agent can be directly released to the thermal runaway battery module 500 or even the monomer, so that the accurate, fast and efficient thermal runaway suppression is realized, and the safety performance of the battery pack when the thermal runaway is remarkably improved.
The embodiment is integrated with the battery pack, is simple to install, reduces the number of parts and reduces the cost. Because the fire extinguishing effect is good, the heat prevention and control parts of the original battery system are reduced, and even the use of heat protection parts such as aerogel, mica sheets, fireproof cotton and the like can be eliminated.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the fire extinguishing apparatus further includes a transfer line 300, the transfer line 300 includes a plurality of branch through pipes 310, the transfer line 300 is filled with a fire extinguishing agent, a liquid inlet of each branch through pipe 310 is communicated with the hollow structure 101a, a liquid outlet of each branch through pipe 310 extends to different preset positions inside or outside the accommodating cavity 110, the liquid outlets are provided with spray heads 320, the spray heads 320 are filled with a heat-sensitive material for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the branch through pipes 310 from spraying out, and the heat-sensitive material can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out of the accommodating cavity 110 through the spray heads 320.
Specifically, in the battery pack of the above embodiment, the transmission pipeline 300 filled with the fire extinguishing agent is extended to a predetermined position inside or outside the different accommodating cavities 110, so that the spray heads 320 at different positions inside the battery pack can sense real-time temperature values at the positions in real time. When the thermosensitive material in the nozzle 320 at any preset position senses that the real-time temperature value at the preset position reaches the preset deformation temperature threshold range, the fire extinguishing agent extending to the transmission pipeline 300 at the preset position is sprayed out through the nozzle 320, so that the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in a fixed-point and directional manner, and the fire extinguishing and temperature control is performed on the battery module 500 in the accommodating cavity 110 where the thermal runaway part occurs in a targeted manner. Because the temperature sensing material can in time sense the near real-time temperature value of taking place thermal runaway battery module 500, and automatic deformation makes the fire extinguishing agent fixed point blowout of position department, carry out pertinence concentrated fire extinguishing with battery module 500 that thermal runaway in the holding chamber 110, the speed that high pressure fire extinguishing agent spouted can be greater than the heat that the battery module 500 that takes place thermal runaway released high temperature impurity and arouses and spread speed, therefore can improve speed and the efficiency of putting out a fire the cooling, thereby reduce the use amount of fire extinguishing agent when improving fire extinguishing efficiency, avoid taking place because of the condition that excessive use fire extinguishing agent produced harmful effects to other function normal lithium ion battery or automobile body parts. Further, each of the spray heads 320 may be provided to spray the fire extinguishing agent in a direction parallel to the bottom surface of the protective case 100.
In some embodiments, a plurality of spray heads 320 are disposed on each bypass pipe 310, and each spray head 320 faces each battery module 500 in the receiving cavity 110 and/or the battery cells 510 of the battery module 500.
Specifically, in the battery pack in the above embodiment, the nozzles 320 are correspondingly disposed on all the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510 in the battery pack, and are used for sensing real-time temperature values near the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510 in real time, and when thermal runaway occurs in any one of the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510, the thermosensitive material in the corresponding nozzle 320 can timely sense the real-time temperature values near the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510 where the thermal runaway occurs, and automatically deform to conduct the nozzle 320 where the thermal runaway occurs, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed in a fixed point and oriented manner, so as to perform targeted fire extinguishing on the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510 where the thermal runaway occurs.
For example, fig. 2 shows a structure in which the branch through pipe 310 extends into the battery module 500, and the spray heads 320 on the branch through pipe 310 are respectively and correspondingly disposed above the battery cells 510 in the battery module 500, when thermal runaway occurs in any battery cell 510, the thermosensitive material in the spray head 320 above the thermal runaway can timely sense a real-time temperature value near the battery cell 510 where the thermal runaway occurs, and automatically deform to conduct the spray head 320 where the thermal runaway occurs, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to the battery cell 510 at a fixed point and in a fixed direction, so as to perform targeted fire extinguishing on the battery cell 510 where the thermal runaway occurs.
Further, the spray head 320 may be disposed inside the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, or may be spaced apart from the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, as long as the spray head 320 faces the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, which is not particularly limited herein.
In some embodiments, the spray head 320 faces the bottom, the side, or the upper portion of each battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510. Specifically, when the branch passage pipe 310 is led out from the bottom of the tank wall 101, if the fire extinguishing agent is required to be sprayed toward the upper portion of the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, the branch passage pipe 310 is extended upward to the upper portion of the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, and the spray head 320 is disposed. In this embodiment, the specific position of the nozzle 320 relative to the battery module 500 and/or the battery cells 510 can be set as required to spray the liquid to a desired portion, and the setting manner is flexible.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the spray head 320 is disposed opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 510, so that the flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent coincides with the thermal runaway thermal propagation direction, thereby covering the fire extinguishing agent from a thermal runaway occurrence position to a thermal runaway non-occurrence position. Since the deformation temperature value of the thermosensitive material in the spray head 320 is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the battery cell 510 occurs, the spray head 320 sprays the fire extinguishing agent in advance of the moment at which the thermal runaway of the battery cell 510 occurs, so that the fire extinguishing agent fills the whole confined space near the cell where the thermal runaway occurs. Because the geometric dimension of the limited space and the surface tension of the fire extinguishing agent can be mutually positively promoted and the saturated vapor pressure of the fire extinguishing agent is reversely limited, the fire extinguishing agent can be effectively resided in the adjacent space of the monomer generating thermal runaway, the energy released by the thermal runaway monomer is fully absorbed, the accumulation and the propagation of heat are reduced, and the thermal runaway spreading is prevented.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the spray head 320 includes a liquid inlet portion 321, a liquid outlet portion 322, and a heat sensitive material 323 disposed inside the liquid inlet portion 321 and the liquid outlet portion 322, an inlet of the liquid inlet portion 321 is communicated with a liquid outlet of the conveying pipeline 300; wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid inlet part 321 is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part 322, and the liquid outlet part 322 is trumpet-shaped along the flowing direction of the fire extinguishing agent.
Preferably, the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet 321 has a value of 1.5mm to 2.4 mm; the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet 322 is 2.4mm-6 mm.
Specifically, in the battery pack with the intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function in the above embodiment, by setting the maximum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid inlet portion 321 to be less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet portion 322 and setting the liquid outlet portion 322 to be horn-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out from the liquid outlet portion 322, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the liquid inlet portion 321 flows out from the horn-shaped liquid outlet portion 322 and tends to be diffusion-coated to cover the battery cell 510 in which thermal runaway occurs, so that the speed and efficiency of fire extinguishing and temperature reduction are effectively improved, the usage amount of the fire extinguishing agent is reduced while the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved, and the occurrence of adverse effects on other lithium ion batteries or vehicle body components with normal functions due to excessive use of the fire extinguishing agent is avoided.
In some embodiments, the heat sensitive material comprises at least one of a fusible alloy, a memory alloy, a thermoplastic resin, or a thermoplastic glass reinforced plastic, so as to select a suitable type of heat sensitive material according to different requirements of a specific application scenario.
Specifically, experiments show that when the temperature of the ternary lithium battery is about 120 ℃, a battery diaphragm is dissolved, the automatic turn-off effect can be temporarily inhibited, the temperature is continuously increased, and when the real-time temperature value reaches about 150 ℃, the automatic turn-off effect of the battery diaphragm begins to weaken and is heated sharply; when the real-time temperature value reaches about 180 ℃, the anode of the battery is decomposed to generate oxygen; if the heating is continuously increased sharply, the battery can enter a thermal runaway state, and the conditions of fire or explosion and the like are caused. Therefore, the real-time temperature value of the ternary lithium battery in the thermal runaway state is 150-180 ℃. The real-time temperature value of the lithium iron phosphate battery in the thermal runaway state is 220-240 ℃. The upper limit of the working temperature of the vehicle-gauge-grade parts is 85 ℃. If the lower limit value of the melting point of the heat-sensitive material is less than 85 ℃, the requirement of vehicle-scale parts can not be met, the lower limit value conflicts with vehicle-scale standards, and misinjection can be caused; if the thermal runaway temperature value of the lithium battery is selected as the upper limit of the melting point of the thermal sensitive material, it is difficult to ensure that the temperature sensing nozzle 320 deforms the thermal sensitive material in time before the thermal runaway, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in a fixed-point and directional manner. If the heat sensitive material in the temperature-sensing nozzle 320 cannot be deformed in time, the best time for thermal runaway fire extinguishing may be missed, resulting in failure of fire extinguishing. Therefore, the preset deformation temperature threshold range is set to be 85-180 ℃, so that not only can mistaken spraying be avoided, but also the adjacent temperature induction spray heads 320 can be triggered to spray the fire extinguishing agent in time before the thermal runaway of the single battery cells 510 occurs, fixed-point directional fire extinguishing is realized, and the using amount of the fire extinguishing agent is reduced while the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa to 4.5MPa, so that after the heat-sensitive material in the temperature-sensitive nozzle 320 is deformed, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out along a predetermined direction through the liquid outlet of the temperature-sensitive nozzle 320, thereby achieving fixed-point directional fire extinguishing and reducing the usage amount of the fire extinguishing agent while improving the fire extinguishing efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a water cooling pipe 400, and the water cooling pipe 400 is disposed on at least one of a bottom surface, a side surface, and a top surface of the accommodating cavity 110 for cooling, so that the water cooling pipe 400 is disposed according to different requirements of specific application scenarios of battery packs with different structures, so that the battery pack has a water cooling function, and adverse effects on normal operation of the water cooling pipe 400 when the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed on the branch passage pipe 310 are avoided.
In some embodiments, the tank wall 101 is coated with an anti-corrosion coating on a side facing each of the receiving cavities 110. The anti-corrosion coating is a covering layer which is coated on the surface of the tank wall 101 to isolate the tank wall from surrounding media so as to control corrosion, has good electrical insulation and water-proof performance, has stronger adhesive force with the surface of the tank wall 101, can resist chemical damage and has certain mechanical strength. In particular, the corrosion resistant coating is often comprised of three parts, a first layer being a primer applied to the surface of the tank wall 101 to enhance the adhesion of the metal to the primary coating; the second layer is a main coating, and common materials comprise coal tar enamel, petroleum pitch, polyethylene adhesive tape, epoxy resin and polyolefin coating; the third layer is a wrap tie to maintain mechanical strength to avoid damage during shipping and construction. The embodiment can enhance the corrosion resistance after being coated with the coating, and avoids being corroded by the sprayed fire extinguishing agent during fire extinguishing, thereby prolonging the service life.
Preferably, the transmission pipeline 300 is a hose so as to optimize the layout design of the pipeline according to different shapes or volumes inside different battery modules 500, save the material cost of the through pipe and reduce the installation and use cost, and improve the working stability of the fire extinguishing device.
Preferably, each transmission pipeline 300 is fixed in the protection box 100 through at least one of bonding, clamping or spiro union to avoid the battery package to lead to the transmission pipeline 300 skew predetermined fixed position because of the automobile body vibration in the in-process of using, influence the effect that intelligent fire extinguishing was put out.
In some embodiments, each ejection portion 200 may be disposed within the tank wall 101 or may expose a surface of the tank wall 101. Of course, locating in the box wall 101 can make the overall structure more succinct, and can avoid influencing the installation of battery module 500.
Preferably, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent is in a gaseous state, a liquid state or a gas-liquid mixed state; the fire extinguishing agent includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or argon.
By way of example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 3 percent by weight of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 17 percent by weight of the mixture, perfluorohexanone accounts for 80 percent by weight of the mixture, and the fire extinguishing agent is stored in a pressurized state; the heptafluoropropane, the carbon dioxide and the perfluorohexanone are pre-mixed and then canned into a fire extinguishing agent storage unit for storage.
By way of example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: hexafluoropropane constitutes 3 to 40% by volume of the fire extinguishing agent, heptafluoropropane 3 to 40% by volume of the fire extinguishing agent, and carbon dioxide as the remainder.
By way of example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: liquid heptafluoropropane and liquid carbon dioxide, wherein the heptafluoropropane accounts for 3-80% of the mixture (by volume), and the balance is carbon dioxide.
By way of example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 25% by weight of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 50% by weight of the mixture, perfluorohexanone accounts for 25% by weight of the mixture, and the fire extinguishing agent is stored at normal temperature under pressure.
By way of example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: perfluorohexanone solution with molar concentration over 95% and helium.
In some embodiments, the hollow structure 101a may be filled with a compressed fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value in advance for extinguishing fire; certainly also can be at protection box 100 external connection pressure source such as zero pressure storage tank, link to each other zero pressure storage tank and the inside predetermined temperature sensor of protection box 100, when temperature sensor detects the temperature rise and needs put out a fire, can trigger the zero pressure storage tank and start, the inside compound solid propellant burning of zero pressure storage tank produces gas pressure, can be for the fire extinguishing agent pressure boost in the hollow structure 101a, provide driving force of driving the gas source.
Further, another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle including the battery pack described in any of the embodiments of the present application. Because the battery pack installed on the vehicle has the function of intelligently and fixedly extinguishing the fire, the intelligence and the safety of the vehicle are effectively improved.
In one embodiment of the present application, the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a two-wheeled vehicle, a three-wheeled vehicle, or a four-wheeled vehicle, etc., which requires power from a battery.
In the above description, although it is possible to describe respective elements of the present invention using expressions such as "first" and "second", they are not intended to limit the corresponding elements. For example, the above expressions are not intended to limit the order or importance of the corresponding elements. The above expressions are used to distinguish one element from another.
The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular references include plural references unless there is a significant difference in context, scheme or the like between them.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the present invention and not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various features of the above-described embodiments may be omitted, added, or combined in any way, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of features of the above-described embodiments will not be described, however, so long as there is no contradiction between these combinations of features, and simple variations and structural variations which are adaptive and functional to the prior art, which can occur to those skilled in the art, should be considered within the scope of this description.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to various embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack, comprising:
the protection box body is internally provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities for installing the battery module and is surrounded by box walls, and a hollow structure for filling a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is formed in each box wall;
the spraying parts are distributed on one side, facing to the containing cavities, of the box wall and communicated with the hollow structures, thermosensitive materials used for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structures from being sprayed are filled in the spraying parts, and the thermosensitive materials can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out of the containing cavities through the spraying parts.
2. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission pipeline, wherein the transmission pipeline comprises a plurality of branch through pipes, fire extinguishing agent is filled in the transmission pipeline, a liquid inlet of each branch through pipe is communicated with the hollow structure, a liquid outlet of each branch through pipe extends to a preset position inside or outside the accommodating cavity, the liquid outlet is provided with a spray head, the spray head is filled with heat-sensitive material for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the branch through pipe from spraying out, and the heat-sensitive material can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range, so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out to the accommodating cavity through the spray head.
3. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of spray heads are arranged on each branch pipe, and each spray head faces each battery module and/or a battery cell of the battery module in the accommodating cavity.
4. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the spray head is disposed inside or spaced apart from the battery module and/or the battery cell.
5. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the spray head faces the bottom, the side, or the upper portion of each battery module and/or the battery cell.
6. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the outlet of the spray head is disposed opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell, so that the flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent coincides with the thermal runaway thermal propagation direction, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from a thermal runaway occurrence position to a thermal runaway non-occurrence position.
7. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the spray head comprises a liquid inlet portion, a liquid outlet portion and a heat-sensitive material, wherein the liquid inlet portion and the liquid outlet portion are communicated with each other, the heat-sensitive material is arranged inside the liquid inlet portion and the liquid outlet portion, and an inlet of the liquid inlet portion is communicated with a liquid outlet of the transmission pipeline; wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid inlet part is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part, and the liquid outlet part is trumpet-shaped along the flowing direction of the fire extinguishing agent.
8. The fire prevention and suppression battery pack of claim 1, wherein the heat sensitive material comprises at least one of a fusible alloy, a memory alloy, a thermoplastic resin, or a thermoplastic fiberglass.
9. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a water cooling pipe disposed on at least one of a bottom surface, a side surface or a top surface of the accommodating chamber for cooling.
10. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the side of the box wall facing each of the receiving cavities is coated with an anticorrosive coating.
11. The fire prevention and suppression battery pack of claim 1, wherein the predetermined deformation temperature threshold range is 85 ℃ -180 ℃.
12. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5 MPa.
13. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is in a form of at least one of a gas, a liquid, a gas-liquid mixture, a solid-liquid mixture, or a gas-solid-liquid mixture; the fire extinguishing agent includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or argon.
14. The fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a zero pressure storage tank connected to a temperature sensor preset inside the protection case for generating a gas pressure based on temperature data measured by the temperature sensor, thereby pressurizing the fire extinguishing agent inside the hollow structure.
15. A vehicle characterized by comprising the fire-fighting battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
CN202010688181.7A 2020-07-16 2020-07-16 Fire prevention and extinguishing battery pack and vehicle Active CN114024072B (en)

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