WO2017090866A1 - Battery pack comprising fire extinguishing device, and control method using same - Google Patents

Battery pack comprising fire extinguishing device, and control method using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017090866A1
WO2017090866A1 PCT/KR2016/009333 KR2016009333W WO2017090866A1 WO 2017090866 A1 WO2017090866 A1 WO 2017090866A1 KR 2016009333 W KR2016009333 W KR 2016009333W WO 2017090866 A1 WO2017090866 A1 WO 2017090866A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
battery pack
module case
cell
extinguishing agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2016/009333
Other languages
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이기영
Original Assignee
주식회사 엘지화학
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020160105058A external-priority patent/KR102010012B1/en
Application filed by 주식회사 엘지화학 filed Critical 주식회사 엘지화학
Priority to EP16868767.1A priority Critical patent/EP3340337B1/en
Priority to CN201680056296.6A priority patent/CN108028334B/en
Priority to US15/757,476 priority patent/US10651438B2/en
Priority to PL16868767T priority patent/PL3340337T3/en
Publication of WO2017090866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017090866A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack, and more particularly, to a battery pack including a fire extinguishing device for effectively blocking the early occurrence of fire due to overcharging or abnormal operation of the battery.
  • the invention also relates to a control method for a motor vehicle comprising such a battery pack.
  • lithium secondary batteries are in the spotlight for their advantages such as free charge and discharge, very low self-discharge rate, and high energy density compared to nickel-based secondary batteries.
  • Such lithium secondary batteries mainly use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materials, respectively.
  • the lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate coated with such a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are disposed with a separator interposed therebetween, and a packaging material for sealing and storing the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte, that is, a battery case.
  • the battery pack of the hybrid vehicle or the electric vehicle includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and the plurality of secondary batteries are connected to each other in series and in parallel to improve capacity and output.
  • BMS battery management system
  • a fire is detected by using a temperature sensor, a current and a voltage sensor, and when a fire is detected, a fire extinguisher provided separately from the battery pack is operated.
  • a conventional fire detection and extinguishing method should be equipped with a temperature sensor and a current / voltage sensor, and these sensors often lack the accuracy to diagnose the fire early, and thus often prevent the protection of the vehicle and life.
  • the role of the BMS is meaningless, and there is a problem that a vehicle and a life loss occur.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the fire of the battery pack, or even if the battery pack ignited by preventing the spread of the fire by preventing the risk of fire when ignition To provide a battery pack with improved safety to reduce.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for preventing an accident of a vehicle such as an electric vehicle by using such a battery pack.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention for solving the above problems is a battery pack having a single or a plurality of cells having an electrode assembly consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator and a pouch type battery case for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the cell is housed and stacked by a module case, and the module case includes a fire suppressing material or a fire extinguishing agent inside or outside, so that the fire suppressing material or fire extinguishing agent is automatically discharged from the module case when swelling of the cell occurs.
  • the module case includes a fire suppressing material or a fire extinguishing agent inside or outside, so that the fire suppressing material or fire extinguishing agent is automatically discharged from the module case when swelling of the cell occurs.
  • the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is located as a lumped extinguishing powder on the inner wall of the module case and the cell as the module case wall is opened by swelling of the cell. It may be falling to the side.
  • the fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent is contained in the module case and may be sprayed toward the cell when the module case is opened or cracked due to swelling of the cell.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is preferably located in an empty space inside the module case.
  • the module case is made by pre-filling the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent through the empty space inside the module case, if the above structure is configured, there is no need to provide a separate space for placing the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent. The difficulty of securing space can be reduced.
  • the horizontal sensor is determined that the module case wall is twisted If the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent may be injected into the cell.
  • the discharge of the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent may be caused by a signal from the controller, and the fire suppressor or extinguishing agent may be powder or liquid.
  • the horizontal sensor determines a horizontal surface of the wall of the module case. Since the module case is in intimate contact with the cell, when the cell swells when an overcharge situation occurs, the module case wall also opens, for example, in a semicircular shape.
  • the horizontal sensor may be installed at a predetermined interval to determine whether the module case wall is distorted.
  • the MCU included in the BMS of the battery pack is set to a first reference value, which is an acceptable value, although the module case wall surface is misaligned with the horizontal plane in a normal state, and the module case wall surface is
  • the warning notification is notified to the MCU included in the BMS of the battery pack when the first reference value is misaligned with the horizontal plane in the normal state, and the MCU measures the current cell voltage through an ASIC IC that measures the cell voltage. , OV) state. If the cell voltage is normal, the warning signal is held for several seconds or several minutes and then returned to normal state. If the battery is actually in an overcharge state (the cell voltage is higher than the full charge state), the relay of the battery pack is turned off (notified after a few seconds to several minutes if the vehicle is running) so that there is no current flow. This should not work.
  • the MCU is notified to the ECU of the vehicle including the battery pack so that the driver receives a vehicle inspection action.
  • the MCU has a second reference value that is larger than the first reference value and is a value for determining an abnormal situation such that the relay of the battery pack should be blocked, and the module case wall surface is compared with a horizontal plane in a normal state.
  • the module case is a structure for accommodating each cell therein and by placing the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent with an adhesive between each module case, by swelling of the cell When the adhesive surface is open, the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent may be diffused.
  • the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent may be wrapped with a thin film or a film of a material that melts well in a fire, and then may be attached between the module cases or inside the module case through the adhesive.
  • a thin film or a film of a material that melts well in a fire When attached to the inside of the module case, it is to be located in the upper end of the cell that is easy to use spatially. Thus, when attached to the surface with the electrode lead of the cell, it is possible to apply without harming the entire structure.
  • the fire suppressing substance or extinguishing agent may be one substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, first ammonium phosphate and a halogen compound.
  • the present invention when the cell included in the battery pack is swelled due to overcharge, abnormal operation, etc., it automatically discharges the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent, so that the fire extinguishes rapidly in the event of a fire due to abnormal operation of the battery and fires in advance It can also be prevented. It is possible to effectively extinguish a fire without a separate injector or a device such as a temperature or pressure sensor, and it is also possible to extinguish a fire simply and economically.
  • the fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent is placed inside or outside the module housing accommodating the cell to automatically discharge during swelling of the cell, the fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent can be precisely injected to the ignition point at an appropriate timing. As a result, it is possible to extinguish the fire early and install the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent in the free space of the module case inside the battery pack, thereby reducing the additional production cost and eliminating the need for a separate fire extinguisher installation space.
  • the present invention it is possible to effectively and quickly prevent the battery pack from igniting, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack.
  • the ignition of the battery pack can be prevented, it is possible to prevent the battery pack from being damaged or the fire being transferred to another device or equipment due to the fire generated from the battery pack, thereby preventing additional life and property damage.
  • the control method using a battery pack according to the present invention by discharging the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent through the wall of the module case, so as not to be charged when in an overcharged state, When the degree of distortion is severe, it is possible to notify the driver of the vehicle, such as a battery car including the battery pack to receive the vehicle inspection measures, there is an effect of preventing an accident due to the battery pack and the vehicle abnormality including the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a pouch-type battery provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of a battery pack according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining a control method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a control method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a pouch-type cell provided in the present invention.
  • the cell 10 is heat-sealed on the outer circumferential surface of the pouch-type battery case 20 in a state in which the electrode assembly 30 is built in the battery case 20 of the laminate sheet including the resin layer and the metal layer. It is a sealed structure.
  • the electrode assembly 30 includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a separator interposed therebetween to prevent a short circuit between the two electrodes.
  • Each electrode plate is made by coating an active material slurry on a current collector made of a metal foil.
  • the electrode plate there are non-coated portions to which the slurry is not applied.
  • electrode tabs are normally provided one by one on the electrode plate.
  • the electrode tab is welded with the electrode lead 40 to be drawn out of the battery case 20 to form a part of a passage for connecting the electrode assembly 30 and an external circuit during charging and discharging.
  • the electrode leads 40 may be formed in both directions so that one is pulled upward and the other is pulled downward, and both may be formed in one direction so as to be pulled upward.
  • the unidirectional case is taken as an example.
  • the electrode assembly 30 is sealed inside the battery case 20 together with the electrolyte solution.
  • the cell 10 is generally formed in a plate shape having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped structure having a thin thickness to width.
  • the battery case 20 sequentially stacks an outer coating layer made of a polymer resin having excellent durability, a blocking layer made of a metal material exhibiting barrier properties against moisture, air, and the like, and an inner sealant layer made of a polymer resin that can be heat-sealed. It consists of a laminated sheet structure.
  • the cell 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a secondary battery capable of providing high voltage and high current when the battery pack is constructed.
  • the cell 10 may be a lithium secondary battery having a large amount of energy storage per volume.
  • the cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a heat-sealed outer circumferential surface fixed between cartridges fixing the cells 10 to form a battery cell stack so as to form a module or a pack, or to be stored in one module case, respectively.
  • the cells 10 may be stacked in a single or plural number to form a module or a pack.
  • the present invention is a battery pack including such a module as a unit module.
  • the battery pack can be manufactured by combining the unit modules according to the desired output and capacity, and considering the mounting efficiency and structural stability, power packs such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage devices can be manufactured. Although it may be preferably used, the scope of application is not limited to these.
  • FIGS 2 to 5 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of the battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 to 5 are views showing a cut surface of the battery pack stacked along the stacking direction by storing the cell 10 as shown in FIG. 1 in the module case 50, for example, corresponding to the XX ′ cross section of FIG. 1. do. 2 to 5, (a) shows a steady state, and (b) shows a swelling state of the cell 10.
  • FIG. 2 to 5 illustrate a battery pack including two or three cells 10, the number of cells 10 provided in the battery pack and the shape of the module case 50 are described in this embodiment. It is not limited and may be provided arbitrarily according to the use or the objective of a person skilled in the art.
  • the cell 10 may include a singular or plural number.
  • the cells 10 are stacked and stored by the module case 50, and the module case 50 has a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 therein. Equipped with. As shown in (b), when the swelling of the cell 10 occurs, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged from the module case 50.
  • the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent is discharged based on the swelling of the cell 10 without using a conventional fire detection means such as a temperature or a pressure sensor.
  • Fire extinguishing agents in this context are substances or mixtures which have an extinguishing action, preferably a fire suppression action and / or prevent or make fire outbreaks.
  • Fire extinguishing action in the context of the present invention preferably means the action of inhibiting fire, that is, an action that can inhibit or weaken the continuation or occurrence of a fire.
  • the main examples of extinguishing agents or their preferred inclusions include the removal of chemical reactants that can sustain a fire from the fire source, cooling to or below the flash point, or the elimination of the chemical reactions necessary to sustain the ignition or fire. It is a substance to suppress.
  • the carbon dioxide may be a material which is extinguished by a subcatalytic action in addition to blocking combustion of oxygen by reducing the oxygen source to about 16% by asphyxiation of carbon dioxide generated by pyrolysis.
  • a fire suppressant or extinguishing agent that is easy to obtain and simple to handle. It may be a powder or a liquid.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent herein is a suitable material for preventing or extinguishing a fire by pushing or removing a chemical reactant from the fire zone that is needed or promotes the occurrence or continuation of the fire.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 may be any material having a extinguishing effect.
  • the is a moisture-proof processing with zinc stearate or magnesium as a one-jong digestion sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3), known as powder and materials which are colored in white, a second kind digestion powder as potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3), known zinc stearate Or a substance which is moisture-proof processed with magnesium and is colored in purple, a first ammonium phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) known as a third type fire extinguishing powder, which is moisture-proof processed by silicon oil and colored in pink. Powders such as urea known as four types of digestive powders and potassium carbonate can be used.
  • the present invention is not limited to the type of fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60, and may be one material selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), first ammonium phosphate, and a halogen compound.
  • CaCO 3 calcium carbonate
  • first ammonium phosphate first ammonium phosphate
  • halogen compounds are evaporative liquefied extinguishing materials.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is in the module case 50 wall surface such that the wall of the module case 50 may fall toward the cell 10 when the wall of the module case 50 opens while maintaining the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 under normal conditions. It is included inside or provided on the wall and covered with a film of weak strength so that when the wall of the module case 50 is opened, the film is dropped so that the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is discharged toward the cell 10. Can be configured. Of course, other examples are possible.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is contained in the module case 50 and sprayed toward the cell 10 when the module case 50 is opened or cracked due to the swelling of the cell 10.
  • the structure is also possible.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 may be a powder or a liquid.
  • the module case 50 is manufactured by pre-filling the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 through the empty space inside the module case 50 or by including the inside of the module case 50 wall. If the above structure is configured after the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent (60) do not need to provide a separate space to reduce the difficulty of securing space.
  • the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged, thereby preventing the fire or spreading the fire greatly. Can be prevented.
  • the present invention can significantly improve safety, which has been pointed out as a problem of the conventional lithium secondary battery, and in particular, can achieve an excellent safety improvement effect when using such a battery pack 100 in an electric vehicle.
  • the cell 10 is also stacked in the battery pack 200 by the module case 50, and the module case 50 has a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 therein. Equipped with.
  • the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is housed in a container 64 with an injector 62. As shown in (b), when the swelling of the cell 10 occurs, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged from the module case 50.
  • the battery pack 200 further includes a horizontal sensor 70 that can determine that the wall surface of the module case 50 by the swelling of the cell.
  • the horizontal sensor 70 determines the horizontal surface of the wall of the module case 50. Since the module case 50 is in close contact with the cell 10, when the cell 10 swells when an overcharge situation occurs, the wall of the module case 50 also opens, for example, in a semicircular shape.
  • the horizontal sensor 70 may be installed at a predetermined interval so that the wall of the module case 50 may be distorted.
  • the horizontal sensor 70 In the normal state as shown in FIG. 3A, since the wall of the module case 50 is not twisted, the horizontal sensor 70 does not output an abnormal signal. When the swelling occurs as shown in (b), the horizontal sensor 70 determines that the wall of the module case 50 is distorted and outputs an abnormal signal.
  • the control unit 80 is configured to receive the abnormal signal and inject the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is sprayed toward the cell 10 in this swelling situation. . That is, in the present embodiment, the horizontal detection sensor 70 and the control unit 80 are further provided, and when the control unit 80 is controlled by the horizontal detection sensor 70, a signal is generated and transmitted to the injection device 62. The signals may cause the release of the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent from the container 64 containing the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60.
  • the injection device 62 and the container 64 are only examples, and any form may be provided as long as the injection device 62 and the container 64 can be provided anywhere in the empty space generated between the cell 10 and the module case 50.
  • the controller 80 may be provided inside the module case 50.
  • the module case 50 may include a frame cartridge and a cover.
  • the module case 50 is a case having a 1: 1 structure for accommodating each cell 10 therein.
  • the module case 50 in the battery pack 300 has a structure for accommodating each cell 10 therein and a fire suppressing material with an adhesive 90 between the module cases 50. Or position extinguishing agent 60.
  • the adhesive surface is opened by the swelling of the cell 10 as shown in (b), the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is diffused.
  • the battery case 400 wraps a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 with a thin film or a film 92 of a material that melts well in a fire, and then the module case through the adhesive 90. 50 can be attached inside.
  • a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 with a thin film or a film 92 of a material that melts well in a fire
  • the module case through the adhesive 90. 50 can be attached inside.
  • Figure 4 (a) may be attached between the module case (50).
  • the present invention places fire suppressing substances or extinguishing agents inside or outside the module case of the battery pack so that the fire suppressing substances or extinguishing agents are automatically discharged when the cell is swelled, thereby preventing fires and It can be used quickly to minimize secondary fire damage such as battery explosion.
  • a battery pack is mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid electric vehicle or an electric vehicle, the effect of protecting the driver and the surrounding people from fire is excellent.
  • Fire extinguisher according to the prior art is provided with a temperature, pressure sensor, etc. to detect a fire occurrence in the battery pack and install a fire extinguisher connected to the sensor around the battery pack to operate the fire extinguisher when the fire occurrence is detected from the sensor In most cases, it is configured to extinguish a fire.
  • the fire extinguisher according to the prior art has a problem that the fire extinguisher does not operate when the sensor does not detect the occurrence of fire.
  • the sensor is activated to detect the occurrence of a fire, there is a limit to the complete fire extinguishing if the fire direction of the fire extinguisher is not correct or the injection timing is not appropriate.
  • the fire extinguishing device for extinguishing a battery pack fire according to the prior art has a problem in that it becomes bulky because it cannot be mounted inside the battery pack.
  • the present invention by placing a fire suppressant or extinguishing agent in the battery pack to automatically discharge the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent when the cell is swelled, it is possible to accurately fire the fire at the appropriate timing without the need for a separate fire detection sensor Inhibitors or extinguishing agents can be sprayed to extinguish the fire prematurely, and the fire suppressant or extinguishing agents can be installed in the free space inside the battery pack, reducing the additional production costs and requiring no additional installation space. There is an advantage. As such, the present invention solves these problems of the prior art.
  • the electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack 200 as described with reference to FIG. 3 may be controlled through the control method according to the present invention as described below.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a control method according to the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart for explaining a control method according to the present invention.
  • the horizontal sensor 70 in the battery pack 200 determines the horizontal surface of the wall of the module case 50 (step s10).
  • the MCU 220 included in the BMS 210 of the battery pack 200 includes a first reference value, a second reference value, and a first reference value and a second reference value to determine an operation according to how many percent of the wall of the module case 50 is misaligned with the horizontal plane in a normal state.
  • the third reference value is set in advance.
  • the first reference value is set to a value that is acceptable, although the wall surface of the module case 50 is distorted compared to the horizontal plane in the normal state.
  • the second reference value is greater than the first reference value and is determined as a value for determining an abnormal situation in which the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 should be blocked.
  • the third reference value is greater than or equal to the second reference value, and is determined as a value that is not only an abnormal situation but also the degree to which the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 should be injected. Since the first to third reference values may vary according to the type of the cell 10 or the battery pack 200, the first to third reference values may be adjusted according to a user setting. In this embodiment, a case where the first reference value is 15%, the second reference value is 50%, and the third reference value is 60% will be described as an example.
  • step s10 When the wall surface of the module case 50 is misaligned with the first reference value, 15% or more in the present embodiment (YES in step s10) compared with the horizontal plane in the normal state, but the second reference value, is less than 50% in the present embodiment ( The NO) warning notification of step s20 is notified to the MCU 220 included in the BMS 210 of the battery pack 200 (step s30). If the wall surface of the module case 50 is not misaligned by more than 15% in the first reference value, in this embodiment, in comparison with the horizontal plane in the normal state (NO in step s10), step s10 is performed again. Repeat this operation at regular intervals.
  • the MCU 220 receiving the warning notification in step s30 measures the current cell voltage through the ASIC IC 230 measuring the cell 10 voltage, and determines whether it is in an overvoltage (OV) state (step s40).
  • OV overvoltage
  • step s40 If the cell voltage is normal (YES in step s40), the warning signal is maintained for several seconds or minutes and then returned to the normal state (step s50).
  • the battery pack 200 is included through the MCU 220.
  • the ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).
  • the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 is turned off (if running) for several seconds. To shut off after a few minutes) so that there is no current flow to prevent charging (step s60). Then, the ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 including the battery pack 200 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).
  • the MCU 220 when the wall of the module case 50 is different from the horizontal plane in the normal state, when the second reference value, in this embodiment, is changed by 50% or more, that is, when the determined value in step s20 is YES, the MCU 220 outputs an abnormal signal. And directly send to the ECU 260 to block the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 (notifying that it is blocked after a few seconds to several minutes if running) and to inform the vehicle abnormal situation to prevent the driver from stopping the vehicle. It can be done.
  • the fire suppression material or the fire extinguishing agent 60 may be sprayed through the control unit 80, for example, to suppress the fire early (step s90). Then, the ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 including the battery pack 200 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).

Abstract

Provided are a battery pack and a control method using the same, the battery pack having improved safety so as to prevent fire or prevent fire from spreading even if ignited , thereby reducing the risks which can occur during ignition. The battery pack , according to the present invention , comprises: an electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, and a separator; and a single cell or a plurality of cells having a pouch-shaped battery case for accommodating the electrode assembly, wherein the cell is accommodated and stacked by the module case, the module case comprises a fire suppression agent or a fire extinguishing agent at the inner or outer part thereof such that the fire suppression agent or the fire extinguishing agent is automatically discharged from the module case when cell swelling occurs .

Description

소화 장치가 포함된 배터리 팩 및 이를 이용한 제어 방법Battery pack with a fire extinguishing device and control method using the same
본 발명은 배터리 팩에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 전지의 과충전 또는 이상 동작으로 인한 화재 발생을 조기에 효과적으로 차단하기 위한 소화 장치가 포함된 배터리 팩에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 이러한 배터리 팩을 포함하는 자동차의 제어 방법에 관한 것이기도 하다. 본 출원은 2015년 11월 26일자로 출원된 한국 특허출원 번호 제10-2015-0166475호 및 2016년 8월 18일자로 출원된 한국 특허출원 번호 제10-2016-0105058호에 대한 우선권주장출원으로서, 해당 출원의 명세서 및 도면에 개시된 모든 내용은 인용에 의해 본 출원에 원용된다.The present invention relates to a battery pack, and more particularly, to a battery pack including a fire extinguishing device for effectively blocking the early occurrence of fire due to overcharging or abnormal operation of the battery. The invention also relates to a control method for a motor vehicle comprising such a battery pack. This application is a priority application for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0166475, filed November 26, 2015, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0105058, filed August 18, 2016. All the contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of this application are incorporated in this application by reference.
근래에 노트북, 비디오 카메라, 휴대용 전화기 등과 같은 휴대용 전자 제품의 수요가 급격하게 증대되고, 전기 자동차, 에너지 저장용 축전지, 로봇, 위성 등의 개발이 본격화됨에 따라, 반복적인 충방전이 가능한 고성능 이차전지에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 리튬 이차전지는 니켈 계열의 이차전지에 비해 메모리 효과가 거의 일어나지 않아 충방전이 자유롭고, 자가 방전율이 매우 낮으며 에너지 밀도가 높은 장점으로 각광을 받고 있다. In recent years, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, mobile phones, etc. is rapidly increasing, and development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, satellites, and the like is in full swing. There is an active research on. In particular, lithium secondary batteries are in the spotlight for their advantages such as free charge and discharge, very low self-discharge rate, and high energy density compared to nickel-based secondary batteries.
이러한 리튬 이차전지는 주로 리튬계 산화물과 탄소재를 각각 양극 활물질과 음극 활물질로 사용한다. 리튬 이차전지는, 이러한 양극 활물질과 음극 활물질이 각각 도포된 양극판과 음극판이 세퍼레이터를 사이에 두고 배치된 전극 조립체와, 전극 조립체를 전해액과 함께 밀봉 수납하는 외장재, 즉 전지 케이스를 구비한다.Such lithium secondary batteries mainly use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materials, respectively. The lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate coated with such a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are disposed with a separator interposed therebetween, and a packaging material for sealing and storing the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte, that is, a battery case.
최근에는 휴대형 전자기기와 같은 소형 장치뿐 아니라, 자동차나 전력저장장치와 같은 중대형 장치에도 이차전지가 널리 이용되고 있다. 특히, 탄소 에너지가 점차 고갈되고 환경에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 미국, 유럽, 일본, 한국을 비롯하여 전 세계적으로 하이브리드 자동차와 전기 자동차의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 하이브리드 자동차나 전기 자동차에 있어서 가장 핵심적 부품은 차량 모터로 구동력을 부여하는 배터리 팩이다. 하이브리드 자동차나 전기 자동차는 배터리 팩의 충방전을 통해 차량의 구동력을 얻을 수 있기 때문에, 엔진만을 이용하는 자동차에 비해 연비가 뛰어나고 공해 물질을 배출하지 않거나 감소시킬 수 있다는 점에서 사용자들이 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 그리고, 이러한 하이브리드 자동차나 전기 자동차의 배터리 팩에는 다수의 이차전지가 포함되며, 이러한 다수의 이차전지들은 서로 직렬 및 병렬로 연결됨으로써 용량 및 출력을 향상시킨다.Recently, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices but also in medium and large devices such as automobiles and power storage devices. In particular, as carbon energy is gradually depleted and environmental interest is increasing, demand for hybrid and electric vehicles is increasing worldwide, including in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Korea. The most essential component of such a hybrid or electric vehicle is a battery pack that provides driving power to a vehicle motor. Since hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles can obtain driving power of a vehicle through charging and discharging of battery packs, users are increasing in terms of fuel efficiency and emission or reduction of pollutants compared to engine-only vehicles. In addition, the battery pack of the hybrid vehicle or the electric vehicle includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and the plurality of secondary batteries are connected to each other in series and in parallel to improve capacity and output.
이와 같이 전기 에너지를 이용하는 자동차는 배터리 팩의 성능에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받으므로, 각 이차전지의 전압, 전체 이차전지의 전압 및 전류 등을 측정하여 각 이차전지의 충방전을 효율적으로 관리할 뿐 아니라, 각 이차전지 중 성능이 저하되거나 문제가 발생한 이차전지를 검출하여 이차전지 각각이 최대한 성능을 가지도록 하는 배터리 관리 시스템(Battery Management System, BMS)을 요구하고 있다.Vehicles using electric energy are directly affected by the performance of the battery pack. Therefore, not only the secondary battery is efficiently managed by measuring the voltage of each secondary battery, the voltage and current of the entire secondary battery, etc. In addition, a battery management system (BMS) is required to detect a secondary battery in which a performance decreases or a problem occurs among each secondary battery so that each of the secondary batteries has maximum performance.
하이브리드 자동차나 전기 자동차의 경우 시스템에서 필요한 충분한 에너지를 공급하기 위하여 대용량의 배터리 팩이 탑재되며 이것은 고전압, 고전류의 특성이 있다. 따라서, 안전이 그 무엇보다 중요하다. 특히 고용량 배터리 팩의 경우 과충전 및 과전류에 의한 화재 및 폭발의 위험성이 있고, 배터리 팩을 제어하는 BMS의 고장 및 이상 작동에 의한 화재시 차량 및 시스템 안전에 상당한 위험이 존재한다.In the case of hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles, a large battery pack is installed to supply sufficient energy for the system, which is characterized by high voltage and high current. Therefore, safety is paramount. Particularly in the case of a high capacity battery pack, there is a risk of fire and explosion due to overcharge and overcurrent, and there is a significant risk to vehicle and system safety in the event of a fire due to a failure or abnormal operation of the BMS controlling the battery pack.
이러한 위험을 제거하기 위하여 종래에는 온도 센서 및 전류, 전압 센서를 이용하여 화재를 감지하고, 화재로 감지되면 배터리 팩과 별도로 마련된 소화기를 작동하도록 하였다. 그러나 이러한 종래의 화재 감지 및 소화 방법은, 온도 센서 및 전류/전압 센서 등을 구비하여야 하며 이러한 센서로 화재를 초기에 진단하기에는 정확성이 결여되어 차량 및 인명을 보호하지 못하는 경우가 많았으며, 특히 자기 반응이 되는 영역에서는 BMS의 역할이 무의미하여 차량 및 인명 피해가 발생하는 문제가 있다. In order to eliminate this risk, conventionally, a fire is detected by using a temperature sensor, a current and a voltage sensor, and when a fire is detected, a fire extinguisher provided separately from the battery pack is operated. However, such a conventional fire detection and extinguishing method should be equipped with a temperature sensor and a current / voltage sensor, and these sensors often lack the accuracy to diagnose the fire early, and thus often prevent the protection of the vehicle and life. In the reaction zone, the role of the BMS is meaningless, and there is a problem that a vehicle and a life loss occur.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 창안된 것으로서, 본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제는 배터리 팩의 화재를 예방할 수 있거나, 배터리 팩이 발화하더라도 화재가 확산되는 것을 방지함으로써 발화시 발생되는 위험을 감소시킬 수 있게 안전성이 향상된 배터리 팩을 제공하는 것이다. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the fire of the battery pack, or even if the battery pack ignited by preventing the spread of the fire by preventing the risk of fire when ignition To provide a battery pack with improved safety to reduce.
본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 다른 과제는 이러한 배터리 팩을 이용함으로써 전기 자동차 등 차량의 사고를 예방하도록 하는 제어 방법을 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for preventing an accident of a vehicle such as an electric vehicle by using such a battery pack.
상기와 같은 과제를 해결하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 배터리 팩은 양극, 음극 및 세퍼레이터로 구성되는 전극 조립체 및 상기 전극 조립체를 수용하는 파우치형 전지 케이스를 구비하는 셀을 단수 또는 복수개 구비하는 배터리 팩에 있어서, 상기 셀은 모듈 케이스에 의해 수납 적층되고, 상기 모듈 케이스는 내부 또는 외부에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 구비하여, 상기 셀의 스웰링 발생시 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 상기 모듈 케이스로부터 자동 배출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩이다. The battery pack according to the present invention for solving the above problems is a battery pack having a single or a plurality of cells having an electrode assembly consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator and a pouch type battery case for accommodating the electrode assembly. The cell is housed and stacked by a module case, and the module case includes a fire suppressing material or a fire extinguishing agent inside or outside, so that the fire suppressing material or fire extinguishing agent is automatically discharged from the module case when swelling of the cell occurs. It is a battery pack characterized in that.
본 발명의 배터리 팩 일 구성 예에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부 벽면 쪽에 덩어리 상태의 소화 분말로서 위치하다가 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 벌어짐에 따라 상기 셀 쪽으로 떨어지는 것일 수 있다.In one embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention, the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is located as a lumped extinguishing powder on the inner wall of the module case and the cell as the module case wall is opened by swelling of the cell. It may be falling to the side.
상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부에 들어있다가 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스가 벌어지거나 틈이 생기면 상기 셀 쪽으로 분사되는 구조도 가능하다.The fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent is contained in the module case and may be sprayed toward the cell when the module case is opened or cracked due to swelling of the cell.
상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부의 빈 공간에 위치하도록 함이 바람직하다. 특히, 상기 셀의 전극리드가 있는 면에 위치하도록 상기 모듈 케이스의 상단부에 위치하도록 함이 바람직하다.The fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is preferably located in an empty space inside the module case. In particular, it is preferable to position the upper end of the module case so as to be located on the surface of the electrode lead of the cell.
상기 모듈 케이스 내부의 빈 공간을 통해 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 미리 채워 상기 모듈 케이스를 제작한 후 위 구조로 구성한다면 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 두기 위한 별도의 공간을 마련할 필요가 없어 공간 확보의 어려움을 줄일 수 있다. If the module case is made by pre-filling the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent through the empty space inside the module case, if the above structure is configured, there is no need to provide a separate space for placing the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent. The difficulty of securing space can be reduced.
본 발명의 다른 배터리 팩 구성 예에 있어서, 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 틀어짐을 판단할 수 있는 수평 감지 센서를 더 포함하여, 상기 수평 감지 센서가 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 틀어진 것으로 판단하는 경우 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 상기 셀 쪽으로 분사되는 것일 수 있다.In another example of the battery pack configuration of the present invention, further comprising a horizontal sensor for determining that the module case wall is distorted by the swelling of the cell, the horizontal sensor is determined that the module case wall is twisted If the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent may be injected into the cell.
이 때, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제의 배출은 제어부의 신호에 의해 야기될 수 있고, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 분말 또는 액체일 수 있다.At this time, the discharge of the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent may be caused by a signal from the controller, and the fire suppressor or extinguishing agent may be powder or liquid.
상기 수평 감지 센서는 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면의 수평면을 판단한다. 상기 모듈 케이스는 상기 셀과 밀접하게 닿아 있으므로 과충전 상황이 일어날 때 상기 셀이 스웰링하면 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면 또한 예를 들어 반원 형태로 벌어지게 된다. 상기 수평 감지 센서는 복수개를 일정 간격으로 설치하여 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면의 틀어짐을 판단하도록 할 수 있다.The horizontal sensor determines a horizontal surface of the wall of the module case. Since the module case is in intimate contact with the cell, when the cell swells when an overcharge situation occurs, the module case wall also opens, for example, in a semicircular shape. The horizontal sensor may be installed at a predetermined interval to determine whether the module case wall is distorted.
본 발명에 따른 제어 방법에서는, 상기 배터리 팩의 BMS에 포함된 MCU에는 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 틀어지기는 했지만 허용 가능한 정도인 값인 제1 기준값이 설정되어 있고, 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제1 기준값 이상 틀어질 때 경고 알림을 상기 배터리 팩의 BMS에 포함된 MCU에게 알리며, 상기 MCU는 셀 전압을 측정하는 ASIC IC를 통해 현재 셀 전압을 측정하여 과전압(Over Voltage, OV) 상태인지를 판단한다. 셀 전압이 정상일 경우 경고(warning) 신호를 수 초 혹은 수 분간 유지한 후 다시 정상(normal) 상태로 돌아오게 한다. 만약 실제로 과충전(셀 전압이 만충전 상태값보다 높음) 상태일 때에는 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단(OFF)(주행 중이라면 수 초 내지 수 분 후에 차단됨을 알림)하여 더 이상 전류 흐름이 없도록 하여 충전이 안되도록 한다. In the control method according to the present invention, the MCU included in the BMS of the battery pack is set to a first reference value, which is an acceptable value, although the module case wall surface is misaligned with the horizontal plane in a normal state, and the module case wall surface is The warning notification is notified to the MCU included in the BMS of the battery pack when the first reference value is misaligned with the horizontal plane in the normal state, and the MCU measures the current cell voltage through an ASIC IC that measures the cell voltage. , OV) state. If the cell voltage is normal, the warning signal is held for several seconds or several minutes and then returned to normal state. If the battery is actually in an overcharge state (the cell voltage is higher than the full charge state), the relay of the battery pack is turned off (notified after a few seconds to several minutes if the vehicle is running) so that there is no current flow. This should not work.
또한, 수평면이 일정 시간(수 분 내지 수 시간)이 지나도록 계속 틀어진 상태를 유지할 때에는 상기 MCU를 통해 상기 배터리 팩을 포함하는 자동차의 ECU로 알려 운전자에게 차량 점검 조치를 받도록 한다. In addition, when the horizontal plane keeps being distorted for a predetermined time (a few minutes to several hours), the MCU is notified to the ECU of the vehicle including the battery pack so that the driver receives a vehicle inspection action.
뿐만 아니라, 상기 MCU에는 상기 제1 기준값보다 크며, 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단해야 하는 정도의 비정상 상황을 판가름하는 값인 제2 기준값이 더 설정되어 있고, 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제2 기준값 이상 틀어질 때 비정상 신호를 상기 MCU 및 직접적으로 상기 ECU로 보내 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단(주행 중이라면 수 초 내지 수 분 후에 차단됨을 알림)하고 차량 비정상 상황을 알려 운전자가 차량 정차하게 하여 사고를 예방하게 할 수 있다. In addition, the MCU has a second reference value that is larger than the first reference value and is a value for determining an abnormal situation such that the relay of the battery pack should be blocked, and the module case wall surface is compared with a horizontal plane in a normal state. Sends an abnormal signal directly to the MCU and the ECU when the second reference value is misaligned to cut off the relay of the battery pack (notifying that it is blocked after a few seconds or several minutes if the driver is running) and to inform the vehicle abnormality of the driver to stop the vehicle. This can prevent accidents.
본 발명의 또 다른 배터리 팩 구성 예에 있어서, 상기 모듈 케이스는 각 셀을 내부에 수납하는 구조이고 각 모듈 케이스 사이에 접착제로 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜, 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 접착면이 벌어지는 경우 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 확산되는 것일 수 있다.In another battery pack configuration example of the present invention, the module case is a structure for accommodating each cell therein and by placing the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent with an adhesive between each module case, by swelling of the cell When the adhesive surface is open, the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent may be diffused.
얇은 막 또는 화재시 잘 녹는 소재의 막으로 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 감싼 후 상기 접착제를 통해 상기 모듈 케이스 사이 또는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부에 부착할 수도 있다. 상기 모듈 케이스 내부에 부착하는 경우, 공간적으로 활용이 용이한 셀의 상단부에 위치하도록 한다. 이와 같이 셀의 전극리드가 있는 면에 부착할 때 전체 구조를 해치지 않고 적용이 가능하다. The fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent may be wrapped with a thin film or a film of a material that melts well in a fire, and then may be attached between the module cases or inside the module case through the adhesive. When attached to the inside of the module case, it is to be located in the upper end of the cell that is easy to use spatially. Thus, when attached to the surface with the electrode lead of the cell, it is possible to apply without harming the entire structure.
상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 탄산칼슘, 제1 인산암모늄 및 할로겐 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종의 물질일 수 있다. The fire suppressing substance or extinguishing agent may be one substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, first ammonium phosphate and a halogen compound.
본 발명에 따르면, 배터리 팩에 포함되는 셀이 과충전, 비정상 동작 등에 의해 스웰링되는 경우에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 자동 배출함으로써, 전지의 이상 작동으로 인한 화재 발생시에 신속히 진화되도록 하고 미리 발화를 예방할 수도 있다. 별도의 분사장치나 온도, 압력 센서 등의 장치가 없이도 효과적으로 화재를 진압할 수 있으며, 또한 간단하면서도 경제적으로 화재 진압이 가능하다. According to the present invention, when the cell included in the battery pack is swelled due to overcharge, abnormal operation, etc., it automatically discharges the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent, so that the fire extinguishes rapidly in the event of a fire due to abnormal operation of the battery and fires in advance It can also be prevented. It is possible to effectively extinguish a fire without a separate injector or a device such as a temperature or pressure sensor, and it is also possible to extinguish a fire simply and economically.
본 발명에 따르면 셀을 수용하는 모듈 케이스 내부나 외부에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜 셀의 스웰링시 자동 배출하게 하므로, 적절한 타이밍에 발화 지점으로 정확하게 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 분사할 수 있어 조기에 화재를 진압할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 배터리 팩 내부 모듈 케이스의 여유 공간에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 설치할 수 있어서 추가적인 생산 비용이 적게 들고 별도의 소화기 설치 공간이 필요치 않다는 이점이 있다.According to the present invention, since the fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent is placed inside or outside the module housing accommodating the cell to automatically discharge during swelling of the cell, the fire suppressing material or extinguishing agent can be precisely injected to the ignition point at an appropriate timing. As a result, it is possible to extinguish the fire early and install the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent in the free space of the module case inside the battery pack, thereby reducing the additional production cost and eliminating the need for a separate fire extinguisher installation space.
본 발명에 의하면, 배터리 팩이 발화되는 것을 효과적이고 신속하게 방지하여 배터리 팩의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively and quickly prevent the battery pack from igniting, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack.
특히, 본 발명의 일 측면에 의하면, 차량용 배터리 팩으로 활용시 차량 충돌 등의 경우로 인해 배터리 팩이 발화될 위험성이 높은 경우에도 배터리 팩의 발화 위험성을 크게 낮출 수 있다.In particular, according to an aspect of the present invention, even when the risk of the battery pack is ignited due to the collision of the vehicle when used as a vehicle battery pack, it is possible to significantly lower the risk of ignition of the battery pack.
이처럼, 본 발명에 의하면, 배터리 팩의 발화를 예방할 수 있으므로, 배터리 팩에서 발생한 화재로 인해 배터리 팩이 파손되거나 다른 장치나 장비에 화재가 옮겨 붙어 추가적인 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생하는 것을 방지할 수 있다.As described above, according to the present invention, since the ignition of the battery pack can be prevented, it is possible to prevent the battery pack from being damaged or the fire being transferred to another device or equipment due to the fire generated from the battery pack, thereby preventing additional life and property damage. .
뿐만 아니라, 본 발명에 따른 배터리 팩을 이용한 제어 방법에 따르면, 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면의 틀어짐을 통해 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 분사하는 것과 더불어 과충전 상태일 때에 충전이 안되도록 하며, 틀어짐 상태가 지속되거나 틀어짐 정도가 심할 때에는 상기 배터리 팩을 포함하는 전지 자동차 등 차량의 운전자에게 알려 차량 점검 조치를 받도록 할 수 있으므로, 배터리 팩 및 이를 포함하는 차량 이상으로 인한 사고를 예방하는 효과가 있다.In addition, according to the control method using a battery pack according to the present invention, by discharging the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent through the wall of the module case, so as not to be charged when in an overcharged state, When the degree of distortion is severe, it is possible to notify the driver of the vehicle, such as a battery car including the battery pack to receive the vehicle inspection measures, there is an effect of preventing an accident due to the battery pack and the vehicle abnormality including the same.
본 명세서에 첨부되는 다음의 도면들은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 예시하는 것이며, 후술하는 발명의 상세한 설명과 함께 본 발명의 기술사상을 더욱 이해시키는 역할을 하는 것이므로, 본 발명은 그러한 도면에 기재된 사항에만 한정되어 해석되어서는 아니 된다.The following drawings attached to this specification are illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the invention to serve to further understand the technical spirit of the present invention, the present invention is a matter described in such drawings It should not be construed as limited to.
도 1은 본 발명에 구비되는 파우치형 전지의 일 예를 나타낸 사시도이다.1 is a perspective view showing an example of a pouch-type battery provided in the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 의한 배터리 팩의 구조를 나타내는 개략적인 단면도이다.2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 의한 배터리 팩의 구조를 나타내는 개략적인 단면도이다.3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
도 4는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 의한 배터리 팩의 구조를 나타내는 개략적인 단면도이다. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of a battery pack according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 의한 배터리 팩의 구조를 나타내는 개략적인 단면도이다. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery pack according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
도 6은 본 발명에 따른 제어 방법을 설명하기 위한 모식도이다.6 is a schematic view for explaining a control method according to the present invention.
도 7은 본 발명에 따른 제어 방법을 설명하기 위한 순서도이다.7 is a flowchart illustrating a control method according to the present invention.
본 발명은 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명함으로써 더욱 명백해 질 것이다. 여기서 설명되는 실시예는 발명의 이해를 돕기 위하여 예시적으로 나타낸 것이며, 본 발명은 여기서 설명되는 실시예와 다르게 다양하게 변형되어 실시될 수 있음이 이해되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 발명의 이해를 돕기 위하여, 첨부된 도면은 실제 축척대로 도시된 것이 아니라 일부 구성요소의 치수가 과장되게 도시될 수 있다.  The invention will become more apparent by describing the preferred embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments described herein are shown by way of example in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be modified in various ways different from the embodiments described herein. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the accompanying drawings may not be drawn to scale, but the dimensions of some components may be exaggerated.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 이에 앞서, 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념을 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as having a conventional or dictionary meaning, and the inventors should properly explain the concept of terms in order to best explain their own invention. Based on the principle that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.
따라서, 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 가장 바람직한 일 실시예에 불과할 뿐이고 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.Therefore, the embodiments described in the specification and the drawings shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical spirit of the present invention, various modifications that can be replaced at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.
도 1은 본 발명에 구비되는 파우치형 셀의 일 예를 나타낸 사시도이다. 도 1을 참조하면, 셀(10)은 수지층과 금속층을 포함하는 라미네이트 시트의 전지 케이스(20)에 전극 조립체(30)를 내장한 상태에서 파우치형 전지 케이스(20)의 외주면을 열융착하여 밀봉한 구조이다.1 is a perspective view showing an example of a pouch-type cell provided in the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the cell 10 is heat-sealed on the outer circumferential surface of the pouch-type battery case 20 in a state in which the electrode assembly 30 is built in the battery case 20 of the laminate sheet including the resin layer and the metal layer. It is a sealed structure.
전극 조립체(30)는 양극 및 음극과 이들 사이에 개재되어 두 전극 사이의 단락을 방지하는 세퍼레이터를 포함한다. 각 전극판은 금속 포일로 이루어지는 집전체에 활물질 슬러리가 도포되어 이루어진다. 전극판에는 슬러리가 도포되지 않는 무지부가 존재한다. 무지부에는 한 전극판에 통상 하나씩 전극탭이 설치된다. 전극탭은 전극리드(40)와 용접되어 전지 케이스(20) 외부로 인출되어 충·방전시 전극 조립체(30)와 외부 회로를 연결하기 위한 통로의 일부를 형성한다. 전극 조립체(20)에서 전극리드(40)는 하나가 위쪽으로, 다른 하나는 아래쪽으로 인출되도록 양방향으로 형성될 수 있고, 두 개 모두 위쪽으로 인출되도록 단방향으로 형성될 수도 있다. 본 실시예에서는 단방향인 경우를 예로 들었다.The electrode assembly 30 includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a separator interposed therebetween to prevent a short circuit between the two electrodes. Each electrode plate is made by coating an active material slurry on a current collector made of a metal foil. In the electrode plate, there are non-coated portions to which the slurry is not applied. In the uncoated portion, electrode tabs are normally provided one by one on the electrode plate. The electrode tab is welded with the electrode lead 40 to be drawn out of the battery case 20 to form a part of a passage for connecting the electrode assembly 30 and an external circuit during charging and discharging. In the electrode assembly 20, the electrode leads 40 may be formed in both directions so that one is pulled upward and the other is pulled downward, and both may be formed in one direction so as to be pulled upward. In this embodiment, the unidirectional case is taken as an example.
전극 조립체(30)는 전해액과 함께 전지 케이스(20)의 내부에 밀봉되어 있다. 셀(10)은 전체적으로 폭 대비 두께가 얇은 대략 직육면체 구조인 판상형으로 이루어져 있다. 전지 케이스(20)는 내구성이 우수한 고분자 수지로 이루어진 외부 피복층, 수분, 공기 등에 대해 차단성을 발휘하는 금속 소재로 이루어진 차단층, 및 열융착될 수 있는 고분자 수지로 이루어진 내부 실란트층이 순차적으로 적층되어 있는 라미네이트 시트 구조로 구성되어 있다. The electrode assembly 30 is sealed inside the battery case 20 together with the electrolyte solution. The cell 10 is generally formed in a plate shape having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped structure having a thin thickness to width. The battery case 20 sequentially stacks an outer coating layer made of a polymer resin having excellent durability, a blocking layer made of a metal material exhibiting barrier properties against moisture, air, and the like, and an inner sealant layer made of a polymer resin that can be heat-sealed. It consists of a laminated sheet structure.
셀(10)은 배터리 팩 구성시 고전압 및 고전류를 제공할 수 있는 이차전지이면 특별한 제한은 없으며, 바람직하게, 체적당 에너지 저장량이 큰 리튬 이차전지일 수 있다. The cell 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a secondary battery capable of providing high voltage and high current when the battery pack is constructed. Preferably, the cell 10 may be a lithium secondary battery having a large amount of energy storage per volume.
도 1에 도시한 셀(10)은 열융착된 외주면이 셀(10)들을 각각 고정하여 전지셀 적층체를 형성하는 카트리지들 사이에 고정되어 모듈이나 팩을 구성하거나 하나의 모듈 케이스에 각각 수납될 수 있다. 이러한 셀(10)은 단수 또는 복수개 적층됨으로써 모듈이나 팩을 구성할 수도 있다. 본 발명은 이러한 모듈을 단위모듈로 포함하는 배터리 팩이다. 배터리 팩은 소망하는 출력 및 용량에 따라 단위모듈을 조합하여 제조될 수 있으며, 장착 효율성, 구조적 안정성 등을 고려할 때, 전기 자동차, 하이브리드 전기 자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기 자동차, 전력저장장치 등의 전원으로 바람직하게 사용될 수 있지만, 적용 범위가 이들만으로 한정되는 것은 아니다. The cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a heat-sealed outer circumferential surface fixed between cartridges fixing the cells 10 to form a battery cell stack so as to form a module or a pack, or to be stored in one module case, respectively. Can be. The cells 10 may be stacked in a single or plural number to form a module or a pack. The present invention is a battery pack including such a module as a unit module. The battery pack can be manufactured by combining the unit modules according to the desired output and capacity, and considering the mounting efficiency and structural stability, power packs such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage devices can be manufactured. Although it may be preferably used, the scope of application is not limited to these.
도 2 내지 도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 의한 배터리 팩들의 구조를 나타내는 개략적인 단면도들이다. 2 to 5 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of the battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2 내지 도 5는 도 1와 같은 셀(10)을 모듈 케이스(50)에 수납하여 적층한 배터리 팩을 적층 방향을 따라 절단한 면을 나타낸 것으로, 예를 들어 도 1의 X-X' 단면에 대응된다. 도 2 내지 도 5에서 (a)는 정상 상태를, (b)는 셀(10)의 스웰링 상태를 도시한다. 2 to 5 are views showing a cut surface of the battery pack stacked along the stacking direction by storing the cell 10 as shown in FIG. 1 in the module case 50, for example, corresponding to the XX ′ cross section of FIG. 1. do. 2 to 5, (a) shows a steady state, and (b) shows a swelling state of the cell 10.
도 2 내지 도 5에서는 셀(10)이 2개 또는 3개 구비되는 배터리 팩을 설명하고 있으나, 배터리 팩 내부에 구비되는 셀(10)의 개수 및 모듈 케이스(50)의 형태는 본 실시예에 한정되지 않으며, 당업자의 용도나 목적에 따라 임의로 구비될 수 있다. 셀(10)은 단수 또는 복수개 포함이 될 수 있다. 2 to 5 illustrate a battery pack including two or three cells 10, the number of cells 10 provided in the battery pack and the shape of the module case 50 are described in this embodiment. It is not limited and may be provided arbitrarily according to the use or the objective of a person skilled in the art. The cell 10 may include a singular or plural number.
먼저 도 2의 (a)를 참조하면, 배터리 팩(100)에서 셀(10)은 모듈 케이스(50)에 의해 수납 적층되고, 모듈 케이스(50)는 내부에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 구비하고 있다. (b)와 같이 셀(10)의 스웰링 발생시 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 모듈 케이스(50)로부터 자동 배출된다. First, referring to FIG. 2A, in the battery pack 100, the cells 10 are stacked and stored by the module case 50, and the module case 50 has a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 therein. Equipped with. As shown in (b), when the swelling of the cell 10 occurs, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged from the module case 50.
이와 같이 배터리 팩(100) 내에는 다수의 셀(10)이 포함되는데 셀(10)이 과충전, 비정상 동작에 의해 스웰링 현상이 생겨 셀(10)이 부풀어 오른다. 본 발명에서는 온도나 압력 센서와 같은 기존의 화재 감지 수단에 의하지 않고 셀(10)의 스웰링을 기준으로 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 배출되는 데에 특징이 있다. As described above, a plurality of cells 10 are included in the battery pack 100, and the cell 10 swells due to swelling due to overcharging and abnormal operation of the cell 10. In the present invention, the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent is discharged based on the swelling of the cell 10 without using a conventional fire detection means such as a temperature or a pressure sensor.
도 2의 (a)를 좀 더 자세히 살펴보면, 정상 상태에서 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 모듈 케이스(50) 내부 벽면 쪽에 덩어리 상태의 소화 분말로서 위치하고 있다. 이상이 발생하여 (b)와 같이 스웰링이 발생하면 셀(10)이 벌어지고 이에 따라 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 벌어짐에 따라 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 셀(10) 쪽으로 떨어진다.Referring to Figure 2 (a) in more detail, in the normal state the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent 60 is located as a lumped extinguishing powder on the inner wall side of the module case 50. If abnormality occurs and swelling occurs as shown in (b), the cell 10 is opened and thus the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 falls toward the cell 10 as the wall of the module case 50 is opened.
이와 관련해서 소화 약제란 소화 작용, 즉 바람직하게는 화재 억제 작용을 하고 및/또는 화재 발생을 저지하거나 또는 어렵게 하는 물질 또는 혼합 물질이다. 소화 작용이란 본 발명과 관련해서 바람직하게, 화재를 저지하는 작용, 즉 화재의 연속 또는 발생을 억제하거나 또는 약화시킬 수 있는 작용을 의미한다. 소화 약제 또는 소화 약제의 바람직한 함유 물질의 주요 예는 화재를 지속시킬 수 있는 화학 반응 물질을 화점(fire source)에서 제거하거나, 또는 발화점 이하로 냉각하거나, 또는 발화 또는 화재의 지속에 필요한 화학 반응을 억제하는 물질이다. 예를 들어, 열분해에 의해 생기는 이산화 탄소의 질식 작용으로 산소 공금원을 차단하여 산소 농도를 16% 정도까지로 낮추어 연소를 차단하는 외에 부촉매 작용에 의해 소화하는 물질일 수 있다. Fire extinguishing agents in this context are substances or mixtures which have an extinguishing action, preferably a fire suppression action and / or prevent or make fire outbreaks. Fire extinguishing action in the context of the present invention preferably means the action of inhibiting fire, that is, an action that can inhibit or weaken the continuation or occurrence of a fire. The main examples of extinguishing agents or their preferred inclusions include the removal of chemical reactants that can sustain a fire from the fire source, cooling to or below the flash point, or the elimination of the chemical reactions necessary to sustain the ignition or fire. It is a substance to suppress. For example, the carbon dioxide may be a material which is extinguished by a subcatalytic action in addition to blocking combustion of oxygen by reducing the oxygen source to about 16% by asphyxiation of carbon dioxide generated by pyrolysis.
본 발명과 관련해서 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 입수가 용이하고 취급이 간단한 것을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이것은 분말 또는 액체일 수 있다. 여기서 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 화재의 발생 또는 지속에 필요하거나 이를 촉진하는 화학 반응제를 화재 영역으로부터 밀어내거나 또는 제거함으로써, 화재를 예방하고 또는 소화하기 위해 적합한 물질이다. In the context of the present invention, it is preferable to use a fire suppressant or extinguishing agent that is easy to obtain and simple to handle. It may be a powder or a liquid. The fire suppressant or extinguishing agent herein is a suitable material for preventing or extinguishing a fire by pushing or removing a chemical reactant from the fire zone that is needed or promotes the occurrence or continuation of the fire.
화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 소화 효과가 있는 물질이면 모두 가능하다. 예를 들어, 제1종 소화분말이라고 알려진 중탄산나트륨(NaHCO3)으로서 스테아린산아연 또는 마그네슘으로 방습가공되어 있으며 백색으로 착색되어 있는 물질, 제2종 소화분말이라고 알려진 중탄산칼륨(KHCO3)으로서 스테아린산아연 또는 마그네슘으로 방습가공되어 있으며 자색으로 착색되어 있는 물질, 제3종 소화분말이라고 알려진 제1 인산암모늄(NH4H2PO4)으로서 실리콘오일에 의해서 방습가공되어 있으며 담홍색으로 착색되어 있는 물질, 제4종 소화분말이라고 알려진 요소와 탄산칼륨이 화합된 분말 등을 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명은 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)의 종류에 한정되지 아니하며, 탄산칼슘(CaCO3), 제1 인산암모늄 및 할로겐 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종의 물질일 수 있다. 이 중, 할로겐 화합물은 증발성 액화 소화 물질이다. The fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 may be any material having a extinguishing effect. For example, the is a moisture-proof processing with zinc stearate or magnesium as a one-jong digestion sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3), known as powder and materials which are colored in white, a second kind digestion powder as potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3), known zinc stearate Or a substance which is moisture-proof processed with magnesium and is colored in purple, a first ammonium phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) known as a third type fire extinguishing powder, which is moisture-proof processed by silicon oil and colored in pink. Powders such as urea known as four types of digestive powders and potassium carbonate can be used. The present invention is not limited to the type of fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60, and may be one material selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), first ammonium phosphate, and a halogen compound. Of these, halogen compounds are evaporative liquefied extinguishing materials.
정상 상태에서는 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 유지하면서 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 벌어질 때에 셀(10) 쪽으로 떨어질 수 있도록, 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면 내부에 포함이 되거나 벽면 위에 구비되도록 하고 강도가 약한 필름 등으로 덮어두어 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 벌어질 때에 이 필름이 탈락하면서 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 셀(10) 쪽으로 배출되도록 구성할 수 있다. 물론 다른 예도 가능하다. The fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is in the module case 50 wall surface such that the wall of the module case 50 may fall toward the cell 10 when the wall of the module case 50 opens while maintaining the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 under normal conditions. It is included inside or provided on the wall and covered with a film of weak strength so that when the wall of the module case 50 is opened, the film is dropped so that the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is discharged toward the cell 10. Can be configured. Of course, other examples are possible.
예를 들어, 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 모듈 케이스(50) 내부에 들어있다가 셀(10)의 스웰링에 의해 모듈 케이스(50)가 벌어지거나 틈이 생기면 셀(10) 쪽으로 분사되는 구조도 가능하다. 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 분말 또는 액체일 수 있다.For example, the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is contained in the module case 50 and sprayed toward the cell 10 when the module case 50 is opened or cracked due to the swelling of the cell 10. The structure is also possible. The fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 may be a powder or a liquid.
도 2에 도시한 바와 같이 모듈 케이스(50) 내부의 빈 공간을 통해 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 구비하거나 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면 내부에 포함이 되도록 미리 채워 모듈 케이스(50)를 제작한 후 위 구조로 구성한다면 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 두기 위한 별도의 공간을 마련할 필요가 없어 공간 확보의 어려움을 줄일 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 2, the module case 50 is manufactured by pre-filling the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 through the empty space inside the module case 50 or by including the inside of the module case 50 wall. If the above structure is configured after the fire suppression material or extinguishing agent (60) do not need to provide a separate space to reduce the difficulty of securing space.
이와 같이 본 발명에 따르면, 셀(10)의 스웰링에 따라 모듈 케이스(50)가 벌어질 때에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 자동 배출되게 함으로써, 화재를 예방하거나 화재가 발생하더라도 크게 확산되는 것을 방지할 수 있다. As described above, according to the present invention, when the module case 50 is opened according to the swelling of the cell 10, the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged, thereby preventing the fire or spreading the fire greatly. Can be prevented.
이와 같이 본 발명은 종래 리튬 이차전지의 문제점으로 지적되어온 안전성을 획기적으로 개선시킬 수 있으며, 특히 전기 자동차 등에서 이러한 배터리 팩(100) 사용시 탁월한 안전성 향상 효과를 도모할 수 있다.As described above, the present invention can significantly improve safety, which has been pointed out as a problem of the conventional lithium secondary battery, and in particular, can achieve an excellent safety improvement effect when using such a battery pack 100 in an electric vehicle.
다음 도 3의 (a)를 참조하면, 배터리 팩(200)에서도 셀(10)은 모듈 케이스(50)에 의해 수납 적층되고, 모듈 케이스(50)는 내부에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 구비하고 있다. 바람직하게 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)는 분사장치(62)를 가진 용기(64)에 수납되어 있다. (b)와 같이 셀(10)의 스웰링 발생시 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 모듈 케이스(50)로부터 자동 배출된다. Next, referring to FIG. 3A, the cell 10 is also stacked in the battery pack 200 by the module case 50, and the module case 50 has a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 therein. Equipped with. Preferably the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60 is housed in a container 64 with an injector 62. As shown in (b), when the swelling of the cell 10 occurs, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is automatically discharged from the module case 50.
도 3의 (a)를 좀 더 자세히 살펴보면, 배터리 팩(200)은 셀의 스웰링에 의해 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 틀어짐을 판단할 수 있는 수평 감지 센서(70)를 더 포함한다. Referring to Figure 3 (a) in more detail, the battery pack 200 further includes a horizontal sensor 70 that can determine that the wall surface of the module case 50 by the swelling of the cell.
수평 감지 센서(70)는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면의 수평면을 판단한다. 모듈 케이스(50)는 셀(10)과 밀접하게 닿아 있으므로 과충전 상황이 일어날 때 셀(10)이 스웰링하면 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면 또한 예를 들어 반원 형태로 벌어지게 된다. 수평 감지 센서(70)는 복수개를 일정 간격으로 설치하여 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면의 틀어짐을 판단하도록 할 수 있다.The horizontal sensor 70 determines the horizontal surface of the wall of the module case 50. Since the module case 50 is in close contact with the cell 10, when the cell 10 swells when an overcharge situation occurs, the wall of the module case 50 also opens, for example, in a semicircular shape. The horizontal sensor 70 may be installed at a predetermined interval so that the wall of the module case 50 may be distorted.
도 3의 (a)와 같은 정상 상태에서는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 틀어지지 않으므로 수평 감지 센서(70)는 이상 신호를 출력하지 않는다. (b)와 같이 스웰링이 발생하면 수평 감지 센서(70)는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 틀어진 것으로 판단하여 이상 신호를 출력한다. 이 이상 신호를 수신하여 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 분사하도록 하는 제어부(80)를 구성해 놓으면, 이러한 스웰링 상황시 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 셀(10) 쪽으로 분사된다. 즉, 본 실시예에서 수평 감지 센서(70)와 제어부(80)를 더 구비하게 하고, 제어부(80)는 수평 감지 센서(70)에 의해 제어되도록 하면 신호를 생성하여 분사장치(62)에 전송할 수 있고, 상기 신호들은 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 담고 있는 용기(64)로부터 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제의 배출을 야기할 수 있다. In the normal state as shown in FIG. 3A, since the wall of the module case 50 is not twisted, the horizontal sensor 70 does not output an abnormal signal. When the swelling occurs as shown in (b), the horizontal sensor 70 determines that the wall of the module case 50 is distorted and outputs an abnormal signal. When the control unit 80 is configured to receive the abnormal signal and inject the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60, the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 is sprayed toward the cell 10 in this swelling situation. . That is, in the present embodiment, the horizontal detection sensor 70 and the control unit 80 are further provided, and when the control unit 80 is controlled by the horizontal detection sensor 70, a signal is generated and transmitted to the injection device 62. The signals may cause the release of the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent from the container 64 containing the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent 60.
본 실시예에서 분사장치(62) 및 용기(64)의 형태는 일 예로 든 것이며 셀(10)과 모듈 케이스(50) 사이에 생기는 빈 공간 어디에라도 구비시킬 수 있으면 어떠한 형태라도 무방하다. 그리고, 제어부(80)는 모듈 케이스(50) 내부에 구비될 수도 있다. In the present embodiment, the injection device 62 and the container 64 are only examples, and any form may be provided as long as the injection device 62 and the container 64 can be provided anywhere in the empty space generated between the cell 10 and the module case 50. The controller 80 may be provided inside the module case 50.
한편, 위의 실시예들에서 모듈 케이스(50)는 프레임 형태의 카트리지와 커버를 포함할 수 있다. 다음 실시예에서 모듈 케이스(50)는 각 셀(10)을 내부에 수납하는 1:1 구조의 케이스이다.Meanwhile, in the above embodiments, the module case 50 may include a frame cartridge and a cover. In the following embodiment, the module case 50 is a case having a 1: 1 structure for accommodating each cell 10 therein.
도 4의 (a)를 참조하면, 배터리 팩(300)에서 모듈 케이스(50)는 각 셀(10)을 내부에 수납하는 구조이고 각 모듈 케이스(50) 사이에 접착제(90)로 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 위치시킨다. (b)와 같이 셀(10)의 스웰링에 의해 접착면이 벌어지는 경우 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 확산된다. Referring to FIG. 4A, the module case 50 in the battery pack 300 has a structure for accommodating each cell 10 therein and a fire suppressing material with an adhesive 90 between the module cases 50. Or position extinguishing agent 60. When the adhesive surface is opened by the swelling of the cell 10 as shown in (b), the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent 60 is diffused.
한편, 접착제(90)를 이용하는 경우는 도 5와 같은 구조도 가능하다. On the other hand, when using the adhesive 90, the structure shown in FIG. 5 is also possible.
도 5의 (a)를 참조하면, 배터리 팩(400)에서 얇은 막 또는 화재시 잘 녹는 소재의 막(92)으로 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 감싼 후 접착제(90)를 통해 모듈 케이스(50) 내부에 부착할 수 있다. 물론 도 4의 (a)에서와 같이 모듈 케이스(50) 사이에 부착할 수도 있다.Referring to FIG. 5A, the battery case 400 wraps a fire suppression material or a fire extinguishing agent 60 with a thin film or a film 92 of a material that melts well in a fire, and then the module case through the adhesive 90. 50 can be attached inside. Of course, as shown in Figure 4 (a) may be attached between the module case (50).
이와 같이 모듈 케이스(50) 내부에 부착하는 경우, 도 2에 도시한 바와도 같이, 공간적으로 활용이 용이한 셀(10)의 상단부에 위치하도록 한다. 이와 같이 셀(10)의 전극리드(도 1의 40)가 있는 면에 부착할 때 전체 구조를 해치지 않고 적용이 가능하다. 도 5의 (b)와 같이 셀(10)의 스웰링에 의해 접착면이 벌어지는 경우, 얇은 막 또는 화재시 잘 녹는 소재의 막(92)이 탈락하거나 녹으면서 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)가 셀(10) 쪽으로 배출 혹은 확산된다.In this case, when attached to the inside of the module case 50, as shown in Figure 2, it is to be located in the upper end of the cell 10 is easy to use spatially. Thus, when attached to the surface with the electrode lead (40 in Fig. 1) of the cell 10 can be applied without harming the entire structure. When the adhesive surface is opened by the swelling of the cell 10 as shown in (b) of FIG. 5, the fire suppressing material or the fire extinguishing agent 60 is dropped or melted as a thin film or a film 92 of a material that melts well in a fire. Is discharged or diffused toward the cell 10.
이와 같이 본 발명은 배터리 팩의 모듈 케이스 내부 또는 외부에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜 셀이 스웰링될 때에 자동적으로 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 배출되도록 함으로써, 화재를 예방하고 화재 발생 상황이라도 신속히 진압할 수 있도록 하여 배터리 폭발 등 이차적인 화재 피해를 최소화할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 배터리 팩이 하이브리드 전기 자동차나 전기 자동차 등의 차량에 장착되는 경우, 화재로부터 운전자 및 주변인을 보호하는 효과가 탁월하다. As such, the present invention places fire suppressing substances or extinguishing agents inside or outside the module case of the battery pack so that the fire suppressing substances or extinguishing agents are automatically discharged when the cell is swelled, thereby preventing fires and It can be used quickly to minimize secondary fire damage such as battery explosion. In particular, when such a battery pack is mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid electric vehicle or an electric vehicle, the effect of protecting the driver and the surrounding people from fire is excellent.
종래기술에 따른 소화장치는 배터리 팩에 화재 발생을 감지할 수 있는 온도, 압력 센서 등을 구비하고 배터리 팩 주변에 상기 센서와 연결된 소화기를 설치하여 상기 센서로부터 화재 발생이 감지되는 경우에 소화기가 작동되어 화재를 진압하도록 구성되어 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 그러나 종래 기술에 따른 소화장치는 센서에서 화재 발생을 감지하지 못하는 경우에 소화기가 작동되지 않는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 센서가 작동되어 화재 발생이 감지되더라도 소화기의 분사방향이 정확하지 않거나 분사타이밍이 적절하지 않은 경우에는 완벽한 화재 진압에 한계가 있다. 또한 종래 기술에 따른 배터리 팩 화재를 진압하기 위한 소화 장치는 배터리 팩의 내부에 장착할 수 없기 때문에 부피가 커지는 문제점이 있다. Fire extinguisher according to the prior art is provided with a temperature, pressure sensor, etc. to detect a fire occurrence in the battery pack and install a fire extinguisher connected to the sensor around the battery pack to operate the fire extinguisher when the fire occurrence is detected from the sensor In most cases, it is configured to extinguish a fire. However, the fire extinguisher according to the prior art has a problem that the fire extinguisher does not operate when the sensor does not detect the occurrence of fire. In addition, even if the sensor is activated to detect the occurrence of a fire, there is a limit to the complete fire extinguishing if the fire direction of the fire extinguisher is not correct or the injection timing is not appropriate. In addition, the fire extinguishing device for extinguishing a battery pack fire according to the prior art has a problem in that it becomes bulky because it cannot be mounted inside the battery pack.
본 발명에서는 배터리 팩 안에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜 셀이 스웰링될 때에 자동적으로 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 배출되도록 함으로써, 별도의 화재 감지 센서가 필요없이 적절한 타이밍에 발화 지점으로 정확하게 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 분사할 수 있어 조기에 화재를 진압할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 배터리 팩 내부의 여유공간에 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 설치할 수 있어서 추가적인 생산 비용이 적게 들고 별도의 설치공간이 필요치 않다는 이점이 있다. 이와 같이 본 발명은 이러한 종래 기술의 제반 문제를 해결한다. In the present invention, by placing a fire suppressant or extinguishing agent in the battery pack to automatically discharge the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent when the cell is swelled, it is possible to accurately fire the fire at the appropriate timing without the need for a separate fire detection sensor Inhibitors or extinguishing agents can be sprayed to extinguish the fire prematurely, and the fire suppressant or extinguishing agents can be installed in the free space inside the battery pack, reducing the additional production costs and requiring no additional installation space. There is an advantage. As such, the present invention solves these problems of the prior art.
한편, 도 3을 참조하여 설명한 바와 같은 배터리 팩(200)을 탑재한 전기 자동차의 경우 아래와 같은 본 발명에 따른 제어 방법을 통해 제어할 수 있다.Meanwhile, the electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack 200 as described with reference to FIG. 3 may be controlled through the control method according to the present invention as described below.
도 6은 본 발명에 따른 제어 방법을 설명하기 위한 모식도이고, 도 7은 본 발명에 따른 제어 방법을 설명하기 위한 순서도이다.6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a control method according to the present invention, Figure 7 is a flow chart for explaining a control method according to the present invention.
도 3, 도 6 및 도 7을 함께 참조하면, 배터리 팩(200)에서 수평 감지 센서(70)는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면의 수평면을 판단한다(단계 s10).3, 6 and 7 together, the horizontal sensor 70 in the battery pack 200 determines the horizontal surface of the wall of the module case 50 (step s10).
배터리 팩(200)의 BMS(210)에 포함된 MCU(220)에는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 몇 % 이상 틀어진 것인지에 따라 동작을 결정할 수 있도록 제1 기준값, 제2 기준값 및 제3 기준값이 미리 설정되어 있다. 제1 기준값은 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 틀어지기는 했지만 허용 가능한 정도인 값으로 정한다. 제2 기준값은 제1 기준값보다 크며, 배터리 팩(200)의 릴레이(240)를 차단해야 하는 정도의 비정상 상황을 판가름하는 값으로 정한다. 제3 기준값은 제2 기준값보다 크거나 같으며, 비정상 상황일 뿐만 아니라 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 분사하여야 하는 정도인 값으로 정한다. 이러한 제1 내지 제3 기준값은 셀(10) 또는 배터리 팩(200)의 종류에 따라 다를 수 있으므로 사용자 설정에 따라 조정이 가능하다. 본 실시예에서는 제1 기준값이 15%이고, 제2 기준값이 50%이며, 제3 기준값이 60%인 경우를 예로 들어 설명한다.The MCU 220 included in the BMS 210 of the battery pack 200 includes a first reference value, a second reference value, and a first reference value and a second reference value to determine an operation according to how many percent of the wall of the module case 50 is misaligned with the horizontal plane in a normal state. The third reference value is set in advance. The first reference value is set to a value that is acceptable, although the wall surface of the module case 50 is distorted compared to the horizontal plane in the normal state. The second reference value is greater than the first reference value and is determined as a value for determining an abnormal situation in which the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 should be blocked. The third reference value is greater than or equal to the second reference value, and is determined as a value that is not only an abnormal situation but also the degree to which the fire suppressing substance or the extinguishing agent 60 should be injected. Since the first to third reference values may vary according to the type of the cell 10 or the battery pack 200, the first to third reference values may be adjusted according to a user setting. In this embodiment, a case where the first reference value is 15%, the second reference value is 50%, and the third reference value is 60% will be described as an example.
모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제1 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 15% 이상 틀어질 때(단계 s10의 YES), 그러나 제2 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 50% 미만으로 틀어진 경우(단계 s20의 NO) 경고 알림을 배터리 팩(200)의 BMS(210)에 포함된 MCU(220)에게 알린다(단계 s30). 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제1 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 15% 이상 틀어지지 않은 경우(단계 s10의 NO)는 다시 단계 s10을 수행한다. 일정 주기를 가지고 이 동작을 반복하도록 한다.When the wall surface of the module case 50 is misaligned with the first reference value, 15% or more in the present embodiment (YES in step s10) compared with the horizontal plane in the normal state, but the second reference value, is less than 50% in the present embodiment ( The NO) warning notification of step s20 is notified to the MCU 220 included in the BMS 210 of the battery pack 200 (step s30). If the wall surface of the module case 50 is not misaligned by more than 15% in the first reference value, in this embodiment, in comparison with the horizontal plane in the normal state (NO in step s10), step s10 is performed again. Repeat this operation at regular intervals.
단계 s30에서 경고 알림을 받은 MCU(220)는 셀(10) 전압을 측정하는 ASIC IC(230)를 통해 현재 셀 전압을 측정하여 과전압(Over Voltage, OV) 상태인지를 판단한다(단계 s40).The MCU 220 receiving the warning notification in step s30 measures the current cell voltage through the ASIC IC 230 measuring the cell 10 voltage, and determines whether it is in an overvoltage (OV) state (step s40).
셀 전압이 정상일 경우(단계 s40의 YES) 경고(warning) 신호를 수 초 혹은 수 분간 유지한 후 다시 정상(normal) 상태로 돌아오게 한다(단계 s50).If the cell voltage is normal (YES in step s40), the warning signal is maintained for several seconds or minutes and then returned to the normal state (step s50).
또한, 수평면이 일정 시간(수 분 내지 수 시간)이 지나도록 계속 틀어진 상태를 유지할 때에는, 다시 말해 단계 s70에서의 판단을 통해 YES인 경우, MCU(220)를 통해 배터리 팩(200)을 포함하는 자동차(250)의 ECU(260)로 알려 운전자에게 차량 점검 조치를 받도록 한다(단계 s80). In addition, when the horizontal plane remains in a state where the predetermined time (a few minutes to several hours) continues to be in other words, that is, if it is YES based on the determination in step s70, the battery pack 200 is included through the MCU 220. The ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).
만약 셀 전압이 비정상, 즉 실제로 과충전(셀 전압이 만충전 상태값보다 높음) 상태일 때에는(단계 s40의 NO) 배터리 팩(200)의 릴레이(240)를 차단(OFF)(주행 중이라면 수 초 내지 수 분 후에 차단됨을 알림)하여 더 이상 전류 흐름이 없도록 하여 충전이 안되도록 한다(단계 s60). 그리고, 배터리 팩(200)을 포함하는 자동차(250)의 ECU(260)로 알려 운전자에게 차량 점검 조치를 받도록 한다(단계 s80).If the cell voltage is abnormal, that is, actually in an overcharge state (the cell voltage is higher than the full charge state value) (NO in step s40), the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 is turned off (if running) for several seconds. To shut off after a few minutes) so that there is no current flow to prevent charging (step s60). Then, the ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 including the battery pack 200 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).
뿐만 아니라, 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제2 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 50% 이상 틀어질 때, 즉 단계 s20에서의 판단값이 YES인 경우, 비정상 신호를 MCU(220) 및 직접적으로 ECU(260)로 보내 배터리 팩(200)의 릴레이(240)를 차단(주행 중이라면 수 초 내지 수 분 후에 차단됨을 알림)하고 차량 비정상 상황을 알려 운전자가 차량 정차하게 하여 사고를 예방하게 할 수 있다.In addition, when the wall of the module case 50 is different from the horizontal plane in the normal state, when the second reference value, in this embodiment, is changed by 50% or more, that is, when the determined value in step s20 is YES, the MCU 220 outputs an abnormal signal. And directly send to the ECU 260 to block the relay 240 of the battery pack 200 (notifying that it is blocked after a few seconds to several minutes if running) and to inform the vehicle abnormal situation to prevent the driver from stopping the vehicle. It can be done.
상기 비정상 신호를 보내는 것과 동시에, 또는 모듈 케이스(50) 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제2 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 50%보다 더 높은 제3 기준값, 본 실시예에서는 60% 이상 벌어짐을 판단하였을 때에, 제어부(80)를 통해 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제(60)를 분사하게 하는 동작을 구현하는 등의 방법으로 화재를 조기에 진압하도록 하게 할 수도 있다(단계 s90). 그리고, 배터리 팩(200)을 포함하는 자동차(250)의 ECU(260)로 알려 운전자에게 차량 점검 조치를 받도록 한다(단계 s80).At the same time as sending the abnormal signal, or when the wall of the module case 50 is compared with the horizontal plane in the normal state, it is determined that the second reference value, the third reference value higher than 50% in the present embodiment, and 60% or more in the present embodiment. At this time, the fire suppression material or the fire extinguishing agent 60 may be sprayed through the control unit 80, for example, to suppress the fire early (step s90). Then, the ECU 260 of the vehicle 250 including the battery pack 200 is notified to allow the driver to receive a vehicle inspection action (step s80).
이상과 같이, 본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제 및 장점들은 위 상세한 설명에 의해서 이해될 수 있을 것이며, 본 발명의 실시예에 의해 보다 분명하게 알 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제 및 장점들은 특허청구범위에 나타낸 수단 및 그 조합에 의해 실현될 수 있음을 쉽게 알 수 있을 것이다. 본 발명은 비록 한정된 실시예와 도면에 의해 설명되었으나, 본 발명은 이것에 의해 한정되지 않으며 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해 본 발명의 기술사상과 아래에 기재될 특허청구범위의 균등범위 내에서 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능함은 물론이다.As described above, the problems and advantages to be solved by the present invention will be understood by the above detailed description, will be more clearly understood by the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, it will be readily understood that the problems and advantages to be solved by the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof shown in the claims. Although the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical spirit of the present invention and the claims to be described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of equivalents.

Claims (15)

  1. 양극, 음극 및 세퍼레이터로 구성되는 전극 조립체 및 상기 전극 조립체를 수용하는 파우치형 전지 케이스를 구비하는 셀을 단수 또는 복수개 구비하는 배터리 팩에 있어서,A battery pack having a singular or plural number of cells including an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a pouch-type battery case accommodating the electrode assembly,
    상기 셀은 모듈 케이스에 의해 수납 적층되고,The cells are stored and stacked by a module case,
    상기 모듈 케이스는 내부 또는 외부에 화재 억제 물질(fire retarding material) 또는 소화 약제(fire extinguishing agent)를 구비하여, The module case has a fire retarding material or a fire extinguishing agent inside or outside,
    상기 셀의 스웰링 발생시 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 상기 모듈 케이스로부터 자동 배출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩. And the fire suppressing substance or extinguishing agent is automatically discharged from the module case when the swelling of the cell occurs.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부 벽면 쪽에 덩어리 상태의 소화 분말로서 위치하다가 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 벌어짐에 따라 상기 셀 쪽으로 떨어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩. The method of claim 1, wherein the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is located as a fire extinguishing powder in a lump state on the inner wall of the module case and falls toward the cell as the module case wall is opened by swelling of the cell. Battery pack.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부에 들어있다가 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스가 벌어지거나 틈이 생기면 상기 셀 쪽으로 분사되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is contained in the module case and sprayed into the cell when the module case is opened or has a gap due to swelling of the cell.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 모듈 케이스 내부의 빈 공간에 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is located in an empty space inside the module case.
  5. 제4항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 상기 셀의 전극리드가 있는 면에 위치하도록 상기 모듈 케이스의 상단부에 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The battery pack as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is located at an upper end of the module case such that the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is located on the side where the electrode lead of the cell is located.
  6. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 틀어짐을 판단할 수 있는 수평 감지 센서를 더 포함하여, 상기 수평 감지 센서가 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 틀어진 것으로 판단하는 경우 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 상기 셀 쪽으로 분사되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The fire suppression method of claim 1, further comprising a horizontal sensor configured to determine that the module case wall is twisted by swelling of the cell. A battery pack, wherein a substance or extinguishing agent is injected into the cell.
  7. 제6항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 분말 또는 액체인 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩. 7. The battery pack of claim 6 wherein the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is a powder or a liquid.
  8. 제6항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제의 배출은 제어부의 신호에 의해 야기되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The battery pack as claimed in claim 6, wherein the discharge of the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent is caused by a signal from the controller.
  9. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 모듈 케이스는 각 셀을 내부에 수납하는 구조이고 각 모듈 케이스 사이에 접착제로 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜, 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 접착면이 벌어지는 경우 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 확산되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The method of claim 1, wherein the module case has a structure for accommodating each cell therein, and the fire suppression material or the extinguishing agent is positioned with an adhesive between each module case, and the adhesive surface is opened by swelling of the cell. A battery pack, wherein the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is diffused.
  10. 제9항에 있어서, 얇은 막 또는 화재시 잘 녹는 소재의 막으로 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 감싼 후 상기 접착제를 통해 상기 모듈 케이스 사이에 부착한 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩.The battery pack as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fire suppressing material or the extinguishing agent is wrapped with a thin film or a film that melts well in a fire and is attached between the module cases through the adhesive.
  11. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 모듈 케이스는 각 셀을 내부에 수납하는 구조이고, 얇은 막 또는 화재시 잘 녹는 소재의 막으로 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 감싼 후 접착제를 통해 상기 모듈 케이스 내부 빈 공간에 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제를 위치시켜, 상기 셀의 스웰링에 의해 접착면이 벌어지는 경우 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제가 배출 또는 확산되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩. The method of claim 1, wherein the module case is a structure for accommodating each cell therein, the empty space inside the module case through the adhesive after wrapping the fire suppression material or fire extinguishing agent with a thin film or a film of a material that melts well in case of fire Placing the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent in the battery pack, wherein the fire suppressant or extinguishing agent is discharged or diffused when the adhesive surface is opened by swelling of the cell.
  12. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화재 억제 물질 또는 소화 약제는 탄산칼슘, 제1 인산암모늄 및 할로겐 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종의 물질인 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 팩. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the fire suppressing substance or extinguishing agent is one substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, first ammonium phosphate and a halogen compound.
  13. 제6항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 팩을 포함하는 자동차의 제어 방법으로서,A control method of an automobile comprising a battery pack according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
    상기 배터리 팩의 BMS에 포함된 MCU에는 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 틀어지기는 했지만 허용 가능한 정도인 값인 제1 기준값이 설정되어 있고, The MCU included in the BMS of the battery pack has a first reference value, which is an acceptable value, although the module case wall is distorted compared to the normal horizontal plane,
    상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제1 기준값 이상 틀어질 때 경고 알림을 상기 MCU에게 알리는 단계; 및Informing the MCU of a warning notification when the module case wall is misaligned with the horizontal plane in a normal state by more than a first reference value; And
    상기 MCU가 셀 전압을 측정하는 ASIC IC를 통해 현재 셀 전압을 측정하여 과전압(Over Voltage, OV) 상태인지를 판단하고, 상기 셀 전압이 정상일 경우 경고(warning) 신호 후 다시 정상(normal) 상태로 돌아오게 하며, 과충전 상태일 경우 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단하는 단계를 포함하는 제어 방법.The MCU determines an overvoltage (OV) state by measuring a current cell voltage through an ASIC IC that measures the cell voltage.If the cell voltage is normal, the MCU returns to a normal state after a warning signal. And returning and blocking the relay of the battery pack when the battery is in an overcharge state.
  14. 제13항에 있어서, 상기 수평면이 계속 틀어진 상태를 유지할 때에 상기 MCU를 통해 상기 자동차의 ECU로 알리는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제어 방법.The control method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising the step of informing the ECU of the vehicle through the MCU when the horizontal plane continues to be distorted.
  15. 제14항에 있어서, 상기 MCU에는 상기 제1 기준값보다 크며, 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단해야 하는 정도의 비정상 상황을 판가름하는 값인 제2 기준값이 더 설정되어 있고, 상기 모듈 케이스 벽면이 정상 상태의 수평면과 비교해 제2 기준값 이상 틀어질 때 비정상 신호를 상기 MCU 및 직접적으로 상기 ECU로 보내 상기 배터리 팩의 릴레이를 차단하고 차량 비정상 상황을 알리는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제어 방법.15. The method of claim 14, wherein the MCU is greater than the first reference value, the second reference value that is a value that determines the abnormal situation of the degree to cut off the relay of the battery pack is further set, the module case wall surface of the normal state And sending an abnormal signal directly to the MCU and the ECU when the second reference value is misaligned with respect to a horizontal plane to block a relay of the battery pack and notify a vehicle abnormality condition.
PCT/KR2016/009333 2015-11-26 2016-08-23 Battery pack comprising fire extinguishing device, and control method using same WO2017090866A1 (en)

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CN108400408A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-08-14 华南理工大学 It is a kind of that there is fire-retardant Vehicular dynamic battery multichannel liquid cooling apparatus
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CN111554852A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-18 湖南铃本环保科技有限公司 Electric vehicle with fire-proof device
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CN112635890B (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-09-16 湖南冉旭能源科技有限公司 Shell structure based on lithium battery reduces burning probability
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