WO2022012465A1 - Battery pack having intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to a battery pack having an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function. The battery pack comprises a battery pack body, wherein the battery pack body comprises a housing having a plurality of hollow cavities, a plurality of battery modules being arranged inside the hollow cavities, and the battery module comprising a plurality of battery cells; a fire-extinguishing agent flow pipeline comprises a plurality of branch through pipes, wherein liquid inlets of the branch through pipes are used for being in communication with a fire-extinguishing agent storage unit, liquid outlets of the branch through pipes extend to preset positions inside different hollow cavities, and a fire-extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is arranged inside the fire-extinguishing agent flow pipeline; and a plurality of temperature sensing nozzles are respectively arranged at liquid outlets of the branch through pipes, and a heat sensitive element fills each temperature sensing nozzle and is used for deforming when a real-time temperature value at a preset position is sensed to have reached a preset deformation temperature threshold value, such that the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out through the temperature sensing nozzle, in order to achieve intelligent fixed-point and directional fire extinguishing.

Description

Battery pack with intelligent spot fire extinguishing function

This application requires the application number 202010688182.1 submitted on July 16, 2020, and the title is "Battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function", and the application number 202021406006.6, which was submitted on July 16, 2020. Priority of the Chinese Patent Application for Triggering Fire Extinguishing Devices, Battery Packs, Energy Storage Systems and Vehicles", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of battery safety, in particular to a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function.

Background technique

With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection and the rapid development of new energy vehicle technology, the market demand for electric vehicles is increasing, and electric vehicles have gradually become one of the main means of transportation to replace the original fuel vehicles.

In this context, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries used in new energy electric vehicles continues to increase, and the volume and capacity of battery packs continue to expand. While increasing the cruising range, it also makes the thermal runaway risk and harm of lithium-ion batteries more and more serious. At present, the risk of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has been widely regarded as one of the key issues restricting the development of new energy vehicles. How to ensure that the lithium-ion battery system can still ensure that the external and The safety of vehicles and people is imminent.

However, traditional battery pack fire extinguishing tools do not consider the internal structure of the battery pack, specific areas where thermal runaway of battery cells may occur, and the uniformity and pertinence of fire extinguishing agents in the battery pack. Targeted fire-fighting results in a large amount of fire-fighting agents and low fire-fighting efficiency. Excessive use of fire-extinguishing agents may have adverse effects on other lithium-ion batteries that function normally, and even body parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present application provides a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire-extinguishing function, comprising: a battery pack body, the battery pack body includes a casing having a plurality of hollow cavities, and a plurality of hollow cavities are provided inside the hollow body A battery module, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells; a fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline, the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline includes a plurality of branch passage pipes, and the liquid inlet of each branch passage pipe is used for In order to communicate with the fire extinguishing agent storage unit, the liquid outlet of each branch passage pipe extends to a preset position inside or outside the different cavity bodies, and the inside of the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline is provided with a preset position. A fire extinguishing agent with a pressure value, the preset pressure value is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value; and a plurality of temperature-sensing nozzles, the interior of each temperature-sensing nozzle is filled with thermal elements, and the thermal elements are at a preset normal working temperature Each temperature-sensing nozzle is blocked within the range; wherein, the liquid outlet of each branch passage is provided with a temperature-sensing nozzle, and the thermal element in the temperature-sensing nozzle at any preset position is at the preset position When the real-time temperature value reaches the preset deformation temperature threshold, it deforms, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the branch channel extending to the preset position is sprayed out through the temperature sensing nozzle, so as to realize the fixed-point and directional spraying of the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire. The maximum value of the preset deformation temperature threshold range is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, and the deformation includes at least one of melting, softening or embrittlement.

Another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, including the above-mentioned battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function.

Another aspect of the present application provides an intelligent heat-triggered fire-extinguishing device, which is used to perform intelligent fixed-point fire-extinguishing on a battery pack, and the intelligent thermal-triggered fire-extinguishing device includes: a main channel; The liquid inlets of the branch passages are all communicated with the interior of the main passages, and the liquid outlets of the branch passages are respectively used to extend to different preset positions inside the battery pack. A fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is arranged inside the passage pipe and the main passage pipe, and the preset pressure value is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value; and a plurality of temperature sensing nozzles, the interior of each temperature sensing nozzle is filled with A heat-sensitive material, the heat-sensitive material is used to block each temperature-sensing nozzle within a preset normal working temperature range; wherein, the liquid outlet of each branch passage is provided with a temperature-sensing nozzle, any preset When the real-time temperature value at the preset position reaches the preset deformation temperature threshold, the heat-sensitive material in the temperature-sensing nozzle at the position is deformed, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the branch channel extending to the preset position passes through all the The temperature-sensing nozzle is sprayed out to fire extinguishing agent in a fixed and directional manner, and the deformation includes at least one of melting, softening or embrittlement.

Another aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, comprising a plurality of battery modules and the above-mentioned intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device, wherein a temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the branch conduit extends to the battery module Preset positions inside and/or outside the group.

Another aspect of the present application provides an energy storage system, comprising a plurality of energy storage modules and the above-mentioned intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device, wherein the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the branch passage extends to the Internal and/or external preset positions of the energy storage module.

Another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device, wherein a temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the bypass pipe extends to an interior and/or exterior pre-heater of the vehicle. set location.

The details of various embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Those skilled in the art will easily understand other features, problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention from the description, drawings, and claims.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be regarded as inventions of the present application. Limitation of the scope of any of the creations, presently described embodiments or preferred modes.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in the first embodiment of the application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in a second embodiment of the application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in a third embodiment of the application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module with an intelligent fire extinguishing function provided in a fourth embodiment of the application.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in a fifth embodiment of the application.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module with an intelligent fire extinguishing function provided in a sixth embodiment of the application.

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature sensing nozzle in a battery module with an intelligent fire extinguishing function provided in a seventh embodiment of the present application.

8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery module with an intelligent fire extinguishing function provided in an eighth embodiment of the present application.

detailed description

In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the related drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application is provided.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Where "including", "having", and "comprising" are used as described herein, unless an explicit qualifying language is used, such as "only", "consisting of," etc., another component may also be added . Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and should not be construed as having a number of one.

In this application, the term "several" means one or more.

In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", "connected" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be The communication within two elements or the interaction between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

In a battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to FIG. 1 , the present application provides a battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function, including a battery pack body, a fire extinguishing agent flow pipe 10 and several temperature sensing nozzles (not shown in FIG. 1 ), the battery pack body includes a casing 100 having several hollow cavities 101 . The module 102 includes several battery cells (not shown in FIG. 1 ); the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline 10 includes several branch passage pipes 20 , and the liquid inlet of each branch passage pipe 20 is used to communicate with the fire extinguishing agent. The agent storage unit (not shown in FIG. 1 ) communicates with each other, the liquid outlet of each branch passage pipe 20 extends to a preset position inside the different cavity bodies 101 respectively, and the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline is arranged inside There is a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value, and the preset pressure value is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value; the liquid outlet of each branch channel 20 is provided with a temperature-sensing nozzle, and the interior of each temperature-sensing nozzle is filled with thermal elements , used to block each temperature-sensing nozzle within a preset normal operating temperature range; wherein, the thermal element in the temperature-sensing nozzle at any preset position senses the real-time temperature value at the preset position When the preset deformation temperature threshold is reached, it deforms, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the branch pipe 20 extending to the predetermined position is sprayed out through the temperature sensing nozzle, so as to realize the fixed and directional spraying of fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing. The maximum value of the deformation temperature threshold range is set to be less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs.

Specifically, in the battery pack with the intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function in the above-mentioned embodiment, the branch passage pipes filled with the fire extinguishing agent with the preset pressure value in the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline are extended to the different cavities. The internal or external preset positions enable the temperature sensing nozzles at different positions inside the battery pack to sense the real-time temperature values at the positions in real time. When the thermal element in the temperature sensing nozzle at any preset position deforms when the real-time temperature value sensed at the preset position reaches the preset deformation temperature threshold, so that the thermal element extending to the preset position is deformed. The fire extinguishing agent in the branch pipe is sprayed out through the temperature-sensing nozzle, so as to achieve fixed-point and directional spraying of the fire extinguishing agent, and target the battery module where the thermal runaway occurs. Because the thermal element can timely sense the real-time temperature value near the battery module where thermal runaway occurs, and automatically deform, so that the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the branch passage at the location is sprayed in a fixed and directional manner, so as to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway. The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent is sprayed faster than the heat spread caused by the release of high-temperature impurities from the thermally runaway battery module, thus effectively improving the speed and efficiency of fire-extinguishing and cooling, thereby improving the efficiency of fire-extinguishing. At the same time, the use of fire extinguishing agents is reduced to avoid the occurrence of adverse effects on other normal lithium-ion batteries or body parts due to excessive use of fire extinguishing agents.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the heat-sensitive element includes at least one of fusible alloy, memory alloy, thermoplastic resin, heat-sensitive sealing powder or thermoplastic glass, so as to facilitate different requirements according to specific application scenarios Select the appropriate type of thermal element.

Specifically, since experiments show that the ternary lithium battery is at about 120°C, the battery diaphragm will dissolve, the automatic shutdown effect will be temporarily suppressed, and the temperature will continue to rise. When the real-time temperature value reaches about 150°C, the automatic shutdown effect of the battery diaphragm begins. When the real-time temperature value reaches about 180°C, the positive electrode of the battery will decompose and generate oxygen; if the heat continues to increase sharply, the battery will enter a state of thermal runaway, resulting in fire or explosion. Therefore, the real-time temperature value of the ternary lithium battery in a thermal runaway state is 150°C-180°C. When the lithium iron phosphate battery is in a thermal runaway state, the real-time temperature value is 220℃-240℃. The upper limit of the working temperature of automotive-grade components is 85°C. If the lower limit of the melting point of the thermal element is less than 85°C, it will not meet the requirements of the automotive-grade components, conflict with the automotive-grade standard, and cause mis-injection; if the thermal runaway temperature value of the lithium battery is selected as the melting point of the thermal element The upper limit is difficult to ensure that the temperature-sensing nozzle deforms the thermal element in time before the thermal runaway, and sprays the fire extinguishing agent in a fixed and directional manner. If the thermal element in the temperature sensing nozzle cannot be deformed in time, it may miss the best time for thermal runaway fire extinguishing, resulting in the failure of fire extinguishing. Therefore, setting the preset deformation temperature threshold in the range of 85°C to 180°C can not only avoid mis-spraying, but also ensure that the adjacent temperature-sensing nozzles can be triggered to spray fire extinguishing agents in time before the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, so as to realize fixed-point spraying. Directional fire extinguishing reduces the use of fire extinguishing agents while improving fire extinguishing efficiency.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5MPa, so that after the thermal element in the temperature-sensing nozzle is deformed, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent can pass through the outlet of the temperature-sensing nozzle. The liquid port is sprayed in a predetermined direction to achieve fixed-point and directional fire-extinguishing, which reduces the use of fire-extinguishing agents while improving the fire-extinguishing efficiency.

Further, in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to FIG. 2 , the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline 10 further includes a trunk passage 12 , and the The liquid inlet is located on the outside of the casing 100 and is used for communicating with the fire extinguishing agent storage unit (not shown in FIG. 2 ). The liquid inlets are all communicated with the interior of the main passage pipe 12, so that the fire extinguishing agent storage unit located on the outside of the battery pack body can supply fire extinguishing agent to each branch passage pipe 20 through the main passage passage 12, so as to optimize the layout of the pipelines. At the same time, reduce the use of pipes.

Further, in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, the branch passage pipes include several first-level branch passage pipes, and the first-level branch passage pipes are respectively Extend to the sidewall surfaces of different hollow bodies; at least one of the first-level branch through-pipes is provided with several secondary-level branch through-pipes, and the liquid inlets of each of the secondary-level branch through-pipes are connected to the The interiors of the primary branch passage pipes are communicated, and the liquid outlets of each secondary branch passage passages extend to preset positions inside or outside of different cavity bodies; any one of the secondary branch passage pipes The liquid outlet is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle.

As an example, please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function includes 8 cavities 101 , and any cavity 101 is provided with a battery module (not shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ) . The branch passages include three primary branch passages 131, and four secondary branch passages 132 are provided on the surface of any one of the primary branch passages 131. The liquid ports are all communicated with the interior of the corresponding primary branch passage pipes 131 , and the liquid outlets of each secondary branch passage passage pipes 132 extend to preset positions inside or outside of different cavity bodies 101 ; any two The liquid outlet of the stage branch through-pipe 132 is provided with a temperature-sensing spray head (not shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ). In this embodiment, each temperature-sensing nozzle can be arranged to spray the fire extinguishing agent in a direction parallel to the bottom surface of the casing 100 .

Further, in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, the branch passage pipes include m primary branch passage pipes and mn secondary branch passage pipes, The total number of battery modules in any one of the hollow bodies is n; the total number of the first-level branch passage pipes is equal to the total number of the hollow bodies; the side wall surface of the ith hollow body is provided with The i-th first-level branch channel Li, and n second-level branch channels Lij are arranged inside the i-th cavity body, i∈[1,m], j∈[1,n]; two The liquid inlets of the primary branch passages Lij are all communicated with the interior of the primary branch passages Li, and the liquid outlets of the secondary branch passages Lij extend to different presets inside the i-th cavity body. position; the liquid outlet of any secondary branch passage pipe Lij is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle; wherein, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and n is greater than or equal to 1 the integer.

As an example, please refer to FIG. 5 , in an embodiment of the present application, a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function includes 8 cavity bodies 101 , and any cavity body 101 is provided with 2 battery modules 102 , so The branch passages include 8 primary branch passages and 16 secondary branch passages; the side wall surface of the first cavity body is provided with the first primary branch passage L1, and the first A second-level branch through-pipe L11 and a second-level branch through-pipe L12 are arranged inside the first cavity body; a second first-level branch through-pipe L2 is arranged on the side wall surface of the second cavity body, and the second first-level branch through-pipe L2 The interior of the two cavities is provided with a secondary branch channel L21 and a secondary branch channel L22; a third primary branch channel L3 is provided on the side wall surface of the third hollow body, and The interior of the third cavity body is provided with a secondary branch through-pipe L31 (not shown in FIG. 5 ) and a secondary branch through-pipe L32; the side wall surface of the fourth cavity body is provided with a fourth The first-level branch through-pipe L4, and the inside of the fourth cavity body is provided with a second-level branch through-pipe L41 and a second-level branch through-pipe L42; the side wall surface of the fifth cavity body is provided with a fifth A first-level branch through-pipe L5, and a second-level branch through-pipe L51 and a second-level branch through-pipe L52 are arranged inside the fifth cavity body; 6 primary branch passage pipes L6, and the interior of the sixth cavity body is provided with a secondary branch passage passage pipe L61 and a secondary branch passage passage pipe L62; the side wall surface of the seventh cavity body is provided with The seventh first-level branch channel L7, and the inside of the seventh cavity body is provided with a second-level branch channel L71 and a second-level branch channel L72; the side wall surface of the eighth cavity body is provided with There is an 8th primary branch passage pipe L8, and a secondary branch passage passage L81 and a secondary branch passage passage pipe L82 are arranged inside the eighth cavity body; The liquid ports are all communicated with the interior of the primary branch passage pipe Li, and the liquid outlet of the secondary branch passage pipe Lij extends to different preset positions inside the i-th cavity body; any secondary branch passage The liquid outlet of the through-pipe Lij is provided with the temperature-sensing nozzle; wherein, i∈[1,8], j∈[1,2], i is a positive integer, and j is a positive integer.

Specifically, in the battery pack with the intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function in the above embodiment, all the battery modules in the battery pack are correspondingly provided with temperature sensing nozzles, which are used for real-time sensing of the real-time temperature value near each battery module. , and when thermal runaway occurs in any battery module, the thermal element in the corresponding temperature sensing nozzle can sense the real-time temperature value near the thermal runaway battery module in time, and automatically deform to make the secondary temperature at the location. The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the branch passage pipe is sprayed in a fixed and directional manner to carry out targeted fire extinguishing of the battery module that has thermal runaway.

As an example, please continue to refer to FIG. 5 , if the first battery module 11 in the first cavity body 101 is thermally out of control, the temperature at the liquid outlet of the secondary branch channel L11 will sense the temperature in the nozzle. The element is deformed, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the secondary branch channel L11 flows out through the liquid outlet of the temperature sensing nozzle, and is sprayed on the surface of the battery module 11 where thermal runaway occurs, so as to target the battery module 11. Extinguishing.

Further, in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, the total number of battery cells in any battery module is q; The inside of the battery module adjacent to the liquid outlet of the jth second-level branch pipe Lij is provided with q third-level branch pipes Lijk, and the liquid inlet of the third-level branch pipe Lijk is connected to the secondary branch pipe. The interior of the through-pipe Lij is communicated, and the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch through-pipe Lijk extends to a preset position inside the j-th battery module inside the i-th cavity; The liquid outlet of the pipe Lijk is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle; wherein, k∈[1, q], k is a positive integer, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Specifically, in the battery pack with the intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function in the above embodiment, all the battery cells in the battery pack are correspondingly provided with temperature sensing nozzles, which are used for real-time sensing of the real-time temperature value near each battery cell. , and when thermal runaway occurs in any battery cell, the thermal element in the corresponding temperature sensing nozzle can sense the real-time temperature value near the thermal runaway battery cell in time, and automatically deform so that the third-level temperature at the location is The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the branch passage pipe is sprayed in a fixed and directional manner to carry out targeted fire extinguishing of the battery cells that have thermal runaway.

As an example, please refer to FIG. 6 , in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, the total number of battery cells in any battery module is 6, and the first empty The interior of the first battery module 11 inside the cavity includes battery cells 111 , battery cells 112 , battery cells 113 , battery cells 114 , battery cells 115 and battery cells 116 ; the first cavity Inside the battery module 11 adjacent to the liquid outlet of the first secondary branch passage pipe L11 is provided with a tertiary branch passage pipe L111, a tertiary branch passage pipe L112, and a tertiary branch passage passage pipe L113 , tertiary branch pipe L114, tertiary branch pipe L115 and tertiary branch pipe L116, tertiary branch pipe L111, tertiary branch pipe L112, tertiary branch pipe L113, three The liquid inlets of the primary branch passage L114, the tertiary branch passage L115 and the tertiary branch passage L116 are all communicated with the interior of the secondary branch passage L11, and the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch passage L111 The port extends to the inside of the first battery module 11 inside the first cavity body, and is adjacent to the position of the battery cell 111; the liquid outlet of the third-level branch channel L112 extends to the first cavity body The interior of the first battery module 11 is located in the interior of the first battery module 11, and is adjacent to the position of the battery cells 112; the liquid outlet of the third-level branch channel L113 extends to the first battery module inside the first cavity body 11, and is adjacent to the position of the battery cell 113; the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch pipe L114 extends to the inside of the first battery module 11 inside the first cavity body, and is adjacent to the battery cell The position of 114; the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch pipe L115 extends to the inside of the first battery module 11 inside the first cavity body, and is adjacent to the position of the battery cell 115; The liquid outlet of the tube L116 extends to the inside of the first battery module 11 inside the first cavity body, and is close to the position of the battery cell 116; The liquid outlets of the L112, the tertiary branch channel L113, the tertiary branch channel L114, the tertiary branch channel L115 and the tertiary branch channel L116 are all provided with temperature sensing nozzles.

As an example, please continue to refer to FIG. 6 , when the first battery cell 111 inside the first battery module 11 inside the first cavity body is thermally out of control, the outlet of the third-stage branch passage pipe L111 The heat-sensitive element in the temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid port is deformed, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the tertiary branch pipe L111 flows out through the liquid outlet of the temperature-sensing nozzle, and flows toward the surface of the battery cell 111 where thermal runaway occurs. Spray to fire out the battery cells 111 in a targeted manner.

Preferably, in a battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, the liquid outlet of the temperature sensing nozzle is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery unit, so that the fire extinguishing agent The flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent is consistent with the direction of thermal runaway heat spread, so that the fire extinguishing agent can cover from the location where thermal runaway occurs to the location where thermal runaway does not occur. Since the deformation temperature value of the thermal element in the temperature-sensing nozzle is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the temperature-sensing nozzle sprays the fire extinguishing agent ahead of the time when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, so that the The extinguishing agent fills the confined space throughout the thermal runaway cell. Due to the positive promotion of the geometric size of the confined space and the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, and the reverse limitation of the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent, the extinguishing agent can effectively reside in the adjacent space of the monomer where thermal runaway occurs, and fully absorb the The energy released by the thermal runaway monomer reduces the accumulation and spread of heat and prevents the spread of thermal runaway.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 6 , the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch passage L111 is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 111; the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch passage L112 It is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 112; the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch channel L113 is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 113; the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch channel L114 The temperature sensing nozzle at the port is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 114; the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch channel L115 is arranged opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 115; The temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the through-pipe L116 is disposed opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 116 .

As an example, please continue to refer to FIG. 6 , for example, when the battery cell 111 is thermally out of control, the thermal element in the temperature sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch pipe L111 is deformed, so that the tertiary branch pipe is deformed. The fire-extinguishing agent in L111 flows out through the liquid outlet of the temperature sensing nozzle, so that the flow direction of the fire-extinguishing agent is consistent with the thermal runaway direction of the battery cell 111, so that the fire-extinguishing agent moves from the location where thermal runaway occurs to the location where thermal runaway does not occur. to overwrite. Since the deformation temperature value of the thermal element in the temperature-sensing nozzle is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the temperature-sensing nozzle sprays the fire extinguishing agent ahead of the time when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, so that the The extinguishing agent fills the confined space throughout the thermal runaway cell. Due to the positive promotion of the geometric size of the confined space and the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, and the reverse limitation of the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent, the extinguishing agent can effectively reside in the adjacent space of the monomer where thermal runaway occurs, and fully absorb the The energy released by the thermal runaway monomer reduces the accumulation and spread of heat and prevents the spread of thermal runaway.

Further, in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to FIG. 7 , the temperature sensing nozzle 30 includes a liquid inlet portion 31 , a liquid outlet portion 32 and a thermal element 33 , and the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet portion 31 is connected to the branch circuit. The liquid outlet of the through pipe is connected; the liquid inlet of the liquid outlet part 32 is connected with the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet part; wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet part 31 is less than or equal to the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part 32 The minimum value of the liquid outlet portion 32 is trumpet-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out of the liquid outlet portion 32 .

Preferably, the value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet part 31 is 1.5mm-2.4mm; the value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part 32 is 2.4mm-6mm.

Specifically, in the battery pack with the intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function in the above embodiment, the maximum value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet portion 31 is set to be less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet portion 32, and the liquid outlet portion is set. 32 is trumpet-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out of the liquid outlet 32, so that the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the liquid inlet 31 flows out through the horn-shaped liquid outlet 32 and spreads and covers the battery where thermal runaway occurs. It can effectively improve the speed and efficiency of fire extinguishing and cooling, and reduce the use of fire extinguishing agent while improving fire extinguishing efficiency, so as to avoid the situation that excessive use of fire extinguishing agent will adversely affect other normal lithium-ion batteries or body parts. occur.

Further, in a battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to FIG. 8 , the battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function further includes a water cooling pipe 40, and the water cooling pipe 40 is provided with At least one of the bottom surface, side surface or top surface of the cavity body 101 is used for cooling, so that water cooling pipes can be arranged according to the different requirements of specific application scenarios of battery packs with different structures, so that the battery packs have Water-cooling function, and avoid adverse effects on the normal operation of the water-cooled pipe when the branch pipe is sprayed with fire extinguishing agent.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the branch conduit is a hose; and/or the main conduit is a hose. In order to optimize the layout design of the branch channel and the main channel according to the different shapes or volumes inside different battery modules, it can save the cost of general pipes and reduce the cost of installation and use, and at the same time improve the working stability of the fire extinguishing device .

Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, each branch passage tube is fixed on the casing by at least one of bonding, snap-fitting or screwing, so as to avoid the battery pack from being damaged during use. The vibration of the vehicle body causes the bypass pipe to deviate from the preset fixed position, which affects the effect of intelligent fire extinguishing.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the form of the fire extinguishing agent is gas, liquid or gas-liquid mixture; the fire extinguishing agent includes hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or at least one of argon.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% (by weight) of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 17% (by weight) of the mixture, and perfluorohexanone accounts for the mixture 80% (by weight) of the fire extinguishing agent, the storage state of the fire extinguishing agent is pressurized storage; heptafluoropropane, carbon dioxide and perfluorohexanone are pre-mixed and then canned and stored in the fire extinguishing agent storage unit.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent includes: hexafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 40% (by volume) of the fire extinguishing agent, and heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 40% (by volume) of the fire extinguishing agent ), with the remainder being carbon dioxide.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent includes: liquid heptafluoropropane and liquid carbon dioxide, the heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 80% (by volume) of the mixture, and the balance is carbon dioxide.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 25% (by weight) of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 50% (by weight) of the mixture, and perfluorohexanone accounts for the mixture 25% (by weight) of the fire extinguishing agent, the storage state of the fire extinguishing agent is normal temperature, and it is stored under pressure.

As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent includes: a perfluorohexanone solution with a molar concentration exceeding 95% and helium.

As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, a fire extinguishing agent storage unit may be provided for storing and supplying fire extinguishing agent to the fire extinguishing agent flow line. In other embodiments of the present application, the fire-extinguishing agent flow pipeline may be filled with a fire-extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value in advance, and the volume or weight of the fire-extinguishing agent that can be ejected by the branch passage pipe may be set to avoid storage of the fire-extinguishing agent. The existence of the unit takes up more space and volume.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, a fire extinguishing agent flow line can be arranged on the battery pack body, for example, it can be arranged on the upper cover of the battery pack body, and a plurality of temperature sensing nozzles can be arranged on the fire extinguishing agent flow line , so that the temperature sensing material in the adjacent temperature sensing nozzle is triggered by thermal runaway of any battery module, for example, fusible alloy melts, and the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline is sprayed through the temperature sensing nozzle, so as to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway. The battery module is sprayed with fire extinguishing agent. In other embodiments of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline can also be arranged on the bottom plate and/or the side wall of the casing of the battery pack body, so as to spray the fire extinguishing agent for the battery module that has thermal runaway to extinguish the fire .

As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline can be integrated with one or more of the bottom plate, side wall, middle partition or upper cover of the battery pack body.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, a channel may be provided on the battery pack body for accommodating the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline, so that the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline is embedded on the battery pack body. In other embodiments of the present application, the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline can also be fixed on the battery pack body by one or more connection methods of clipping, screwing or welding. Of course, the fire extinguishing agent can also be indirectly connected through a bracket. The flow pipeline is fixed on the battery pack body. The connection method of the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline and the battery pack body is only schematically shown here, and is not intended to limit the application.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, when the branch passage in the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline extends to the inside of the module in the battery pack, the branch passage can be fixedly connected to the casing of the battery module . For example, the branch passage can be arranged on the surface of the top cover plate, side wall plate or bottom plate of the battery module.

As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, when the branch passage in the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline extends to the interior of the module in the battery pack, a channel may be pre-set on the casing of the battery module for The fire extinguishing agent flow pipe is accommodated, so that the fire extinguishing agent flow pipe is embedded on the casing of the battery module.

Further, another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, including the battery pack with an intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function as described in any of the embodiments of the present application. Since the battery pack installed in the vehicle has the function of intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing, the intelligence and safety of the vehicle are effectively improved.

In an embodiment of the present application, the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, or four-wheeled vehicles that need to be powered by batteries.

It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same and similar parts among the various embodiments, refer to each other Can.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features, All should be regarded as the scope described in this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are specific and detailed, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (27)

1. A battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function, comprising:

   a battery pack body, the battery pack body includes a casing with a plurality of cavities, and a plurality of battery modules are arranged inside the cavities, and the battery modules include a plurality of battery cells;

   Fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline, the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline includes a plurality of branch pipelines, the liquid inlet of each branch pipeline is used to communicate with the fire extinguishing agent storage unit, and each branch pipeline has a liquid inlet. The liquid outlets are respectively extended to different preset positions inside or outside the cavity body, and the fire extinguishing agent flow pipeline is provided with a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value, and the preset pressure value is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value ;as well as

   a plurality of temperature-sensing nozzles, the interior of each temperature-sensing nozzle is filled with thermal elements, and the thermal elements block each temperature-sensing nozzle within a preset normal operating temperature range;

   Wherein, the liquid outlet of each branch channel is provided with a temperature sensing nozzle, and the real-time temperature value of the thermal element in the temperature sensing nozzle at any preset position at the preset position reaches a preset deformation Deformation at the temperature threshold, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the branch channel extending to the preset position is ejected through the temperature sensing nozzle, so as to achieve fixed-point and directional injection of fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing. The preset deformation temperature threshold range is within the range of The maximum value is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, and the deformation includes at least one of melting, softening, or embrittlement.
2. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire-extinguishing function according to claim 1, wherein the fire-extinguishing agent flow pipeline further comprises a main-circuit passage pipe, and the liquid inlet of the main-circuit passage pipe is located on the outer side of the casing or The interior is used to communicate with the fire extinguishing agent storage unit, the trunk passage pipe extends to the inside or outside of the housing, and the liquid inlet of each branch passage pipe is connected to the main passage pipe. Internal connectivity.
3. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to claim 2, wherein,

   The branch through-pipes include several first-level branch through-pipes, and the first-level branch through-pipes extend to the sidewall surfaces of different cavities respectively;

   The surface of at least one of the primary branch passage pipes is provided with several secondary branch passage pipes, and the liquid inlet of each secondary branch passage passage pipe is communicated with the interior of the primary branch passage passage pipe, And the liquid outlet of each secondary branch passage pipe is respectively extended to a preset position inside or outside of different cavity bodies;

   The liquid outlet of any of the secondary branch passage pipes is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle.
4. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to claim 3, wherein,

   The branch passages include m primary branch passages and mn secondary branch passages, and the total number of battery modules in any one of the hollow bodies is n;

   The total number of the first-level branch passage pipes is equal to the total number of the hollow bodies;

   The i-th first-level branch through-pipe Li is provided on the sidewall surface of the i-th cavity body, and n secondary-level branch through-pipes Lij are arranged inside the i-th cavity body, i∈[1, m], j∈[1,n]; the liquid inlets of the secondary branch passages Lij are all communicated with the interior of the primary branch passages Li, and the liquid outlet of the secondary branch passages Lij extends to the second different preset positions inside the i hollow bodies;

   The liquid outlet of any secondary branch channel Lij is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle;

   Among them, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
5. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to claim 4, wherein the total number of battery cells in any one of the battery modules is q;

   Inside the i-th cavity body, the liquid outlet of the j-th secondary branch passage pipe Lij is provided with q tertiary branch passage pipes Lijk in the interior of the battery module adjacent to the liquid outlet. The liquid inlets are all communicated with the interior of the secondary branch passage pipe Lij, and the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch passage Lijk extends to the interior of the jth battery module inside the ith cavity body. Location;

   The liquid outlet of any tertiary branch channel Lijk is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle;

   Among them, k∈[1, q], k is a positive integer, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
6. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to claim 5, wherein the liquid outlet of the temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the tertiary branch through-pipe Lijk is the same as the liquid outlet of the i-th cavity body The exhaust valves of the k-th battery cell inside the j battery modules are arranged opposite to each other.
7. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the temperature sensing nozzle comprises:

   a liquid inlet part, the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet part is communicated with the liquid outlet of the branch passage pipe;

   a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet of the liquid outlet communicates with the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet;

   Wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter of the liquid inlet portion is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter of the liquid outlet portion, and the liquid outlet portion is trumpet-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out of the liquid outlet portion.
8. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising:

   The water cooling pipe is arranged on at least one of the bottom surface, the side surface or the top surface of the cavity body, and is used for cooling.
9. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the thermal element comprises at least one of fusible alloy, memory alloy, thermoplastic resin, thermal sealing powder or thermoplastic glass kind.
10. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the preset deformation temperature threshold range is 85°C-180°C.
11. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5MPa.
12. The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the form of the fire extinguishing agent is gas, liquid, gas-liquid mixed state, solid-liquid mixed state or gas-solid-liquid mixed state At least one of the fire extinguishing agents includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or argon.
13. A vehicle comprising:

    The battery pack with intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing function according to any one of claims 1-12.
14. An intelligent heat-triggered fire-extinguishing device, which is used for intelligent fixed-point fire-extinguishing of a battery pack, the intelligent heat-triggered fire-extinguishing device comprising:

    trunk pipe;

    There are several branch passage pipes, the liquid inlet of each branch passage pipe is communicated with the interior of the main passage passage pipe, and the liquid outlet of each branch passage pipe is used to respectively extend to the inside of the battery pack. In different preset positions, a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is set inside the branch channel and the main channel, and the preset pressure value is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value; and

    a plurality of temperature-sensing nozzles, the interior of each temperature-sensing nozzle is filled with heat-sensitive material, and the heat-sensitive material is used to block each temperature-sensing nozzle within a preset normal operating temperature range;

    Wherein, the liquid outlet of each branch channel is provided with a temperature-sensing nozzle, and the real-time temperature value of the heat-sensitive material in the temperature-sensing nozzle at any preset position at the preset position reaches a preset deformation Deformation at the temperature threshold, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the branch passage extending to the preset position is sprayed out through the temperature sensing nozzle to spray fire extinguishing agent in a fixed and directional manner, and the deformation includes melting, softening or embrittlement at least one of them.
15. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device of claim 14, wherein:

    The branch passage pipe includes several first-level branch passage pipes;

    The surface of at least one of the primary branch passage pipes is provided with several secondary branch passage pipes, and the liquid inlet of each secondary branch passage passage pipe is communicated with the interior of the primary branch passage passage pipe, and the liquid outlet of each secondary branch passage pipe extends to a preset position inside or outside of the battery pack, respectively;

    The liquid outlet of any of the secondary branch passage pipes is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle.
16. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to claim 15, wherein the branch passage pipes comprise m primary branch passage pipes and mn secondary branch passage pipes, where m is the amount included in the casing of the battery pack. the total number of cavities for accommodating battery modules, and n is the total number of battery modules inside one of the hollow cavities;

    The i-th primary branch passage pipe Li is used to be arranged on the side wall surface of the i-th cavity body, and the liquid inlet of each secondary branch passage pipe Lij is communicated with the interior of the primary branch passage pipe Li, And the liquid outlet of each secondary branch channel Lij is used to extend to a preset position in the cavity;

    The liquid outlet of any secondary branch channel Lij is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle;

    Among them, i∈[1,m], j∈[1,n], i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
17. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to claim 16, wherein at least the surfaces of the first and second level branch pipes Lij are provided with q third-level branch pipes Lijk, and the liquid inlet of each third-level branch pipe Lijk They are all communicated with the interior of the secondary branch passage pipe Lij, and the liquid outlet of each tertiary branch passage pipe Lijk is used to respectively extend to a preset position in the battery module in the battery pack;

    q is the total number of battery cells in a battery module in the battery pack;

    The liquid outlet of any tertiary branch channel Lijk is provided with the temperature sensing nozzle;

    Among them, k∈[1, q], k is a positive integer, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
18. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the temperature-sensing nozzle comprises:

    a liquid inlet part, the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet part is communicated with the liquid outlet of the branch passage pipe;

    a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet of the liquid outlet communicates with the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet;

    Wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter of the liquid inlet portion is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter of the liquid outlet portion, and the liquid outlet portion is trumpet-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out of the liquid outlet portion.
19. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device of claim 18, wherein:

    The value of the inner diameter of the liquid inlet is 1.5mm-2.4mm;

    The value of the inner diameter of the liquid outlet is 2.4mm-6mm.
20. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the preset deformation temperature threshold range is 85°C-180°C.
21. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5MPa.
22. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the maximum value of the preset deformation temperature threshold range is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which thermal runaway occurs in the battery cells in the battery pack .
23. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the heat-sensitive material is any one of fusible alloy, memory alloy, thermoplastic resin, heat-sensitive sealing powder or thermoplastic glass.
24. The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the branch conduit is a hose; and/or

    The trunk conduit is a hose.
25. A battery pack including:

    a number of battery modules; and

    The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-24, wherein the temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the branch channel extends to a preset position inside and/or outside the battery module .
26. An energy storage system comprising:

    a number of energy storage modules; and

    The intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the branch passage extends to a preset inside and/or outside of the energy storage module Location.
27. A vehicle comprising:

    According to the intelligent heat-triggered fire extinguishing device according to any one of claims 14-24, the temperature-sensing nozzle at the liquid outlet of the bypass pipe extends to a preset position inside and/or outside of the vehicle.

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