CN114017946B - All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling - Google Patents

All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling Download PDF

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CN114017946B
CN114017946B CN202111233507.8A CN202111233507A CN114017946B CN 114017946 B CN114017946 B CN 114017946B CN 202111233507 A CN202111233507 A CN 202111233507A CN 114017946 B CN114017946 B CN 114017946B
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heat
refrigerating
refrigeration
insulating
platform
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CN114017946A (en
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赵文俞
李龙舟
魏平
张立军
朱武
贺丹琪
桑夏晗
朱婉婷
聂晓蕾
张清杰
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermal electromagnetic coupling, which comprises a frame platform, two permanent magnets, four refrigerating elements, an insulating and heat-insulating disc and a rotating mechanism, wherein the frame platform is provided with a frame; the frame comprises a first platform at the bottom and a second platform arranged above the first platform, and two position adjusting plates are arranged on the second platform; the permanent magnets are U-shaped magnets, and the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets are opposite and are respectively fixed on the two position adjusting plates; the four refrigeration elements are opposite in pairs and are uniformly installed on the edge of the insulating and heat-insulating disc at intervals along the circumferential direction; the center of the insulating and heat-insulating disk penetrates through a rotating shaft, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the refrigerating element to horizontally rotate through the rotating shaft and the insulating and heat-insulating disk. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the technical scheme of the invention can realize heat exchange between the four refrigeration elements and the hot-end and cold-end heat exchangers, and has the advantages of less material consumption, higher refrigeration efficiency and more compact structure.

Description

All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling
Technical Field
The invention relates to refrigeration equipment, in particular to an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on thermal electromagnetic coupling.
Background
Aiming at the problem that the efficiency of single magnetic refrigeration or single thermoelectric refrigeration at present is difficult to reach the traditional steam compression refrigeration level, the existing unit relates to a novel thermoelectric magnetic coupling all-solid-state refrigeration device which can simultaneously exert the advantages of two refrigeration technologies, the core of the novel refrigeration device is a gradient composite structure or uniform composite structure thermoelectric magnetic material prepared by compounding a thermoelectric material and a magnetocaloric material, and the thermoelectric refrigeration and the magnetic refrigeration effects (ZL202011207036.9) can be simultaneously generated by changing the structure design and the electric control mode of the novel device. However, this refrigeration device has the following problems; 1. the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration elements only exchange heat with a pair of hot end and cold end heat exchangers, so that the refrigeration efficiency is low and the material waste is high; 2. the heat accumulation of the hot-end heat exchanger causes the reduction of the refrigeration efficiency; 3. the forward and reverse current application mode is not reasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling, which has high refrigerating efficiency and compact structure and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising a frame platform, two permanent magnets, four refrigerating elements, an insulating and heat-insulating disc and a rotating mechanism; the frame comprises a first platform at the bottom and a second platform arranged above the first platform, and two position adjusting plates are arranged on the second platform; the permanent magnets are U-shaped magnets, the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets are opposite, and the two permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the two position adjusting plates and used for providing a magnetic field to excite the refrigeration element; the insulating and heat-insulating disk is arranged between the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets, and the four refrigerating elements are opposite in pairs and are uniformly arranged on the edge of the insulating and heat-insulating disk at intervals along the circumferential direction; the center of the insulating and heat-insulating disc penetrates through a rotating shaft, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the refrigerating element to horizontally rotate through the rotating shaft and the insulating and heat-insulating disc, so that the refrigerating element enters magnetic field excitation or exits the magnetic field; the hot end heat exchanger is arranged at an outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element in an excitation state and in a magnetic field and is used for radiating heat of the refrigerating element; the cold end heat exchanger is arranged at an outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element in a demagnetizing state and provides heat for the refrigeration element.
According to the scheme, the permanent magnets are U-shaped magnets, magnetic fields generated by the two permanent magnets act in the current direction of the refrigeration element vertically, and the area of the magnetic fields covers at least one refrigeration element.
According to the scheme, the rotating mechanism comprises the motor and the plum coupling, the motor is arranged on the first platform, the motor shaft of the motor is connected with the rotating shaft through the coupling, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the second platform and is connected with the insulating and heat-insulating disc.
According to the scheme, the positioning base body is arranged at the top of the motor and can be connected with the bottom of the second platform.
According to the scheme, the outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element is of an arc-shaped structure; the inner ends of the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger are heat transfer ends, the heat transfer end surfaces of the two heat exchangers are cambered surfaces matched with outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element, and the heat transfer ends of the two heat exchangers are in contact with the outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element through heat conducting glue; and the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger are respectively arranged on the second platform through a support piece.
According to the scheme, the middle part of the hot end heat exchanger is positioned in the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet, and two ends of the hot end heat exchanger extend out of the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet; the hot end heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange base and a cover plate matched with the heat exchange base, wherein the heat transfer end surfaces of the heat exchange base and the cover plate are cambered surfaces matched with an outer ring electrode of a refrigeration element, a flow channel is formed in the upper surface of the heat exchange base and is communicated with a fluid channel arranged at the end part of the heat exchange base, and thermometers are respectively arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of the fluid channel; the water inlet of the fluid channel is communicated with a cooling water tank of the water cooling device through a pipeline, the water outlet of the fluid channel is communicated with a drainage pipeline, and the flow channel and the fluid channel provide a place for liquid-solid convection heat transfer and quickly take away heat at the hot end.
According to the scheme, the refrigerating element is an N-shaped structure thermal electromagnetic all-solid-state refrigerating element and comprises an N-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigerating piece and a P-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigerating piece, outer rings of the two refrigerating pieces are connected through an outer ring electrode, and inner rings of the two refrigerating pieces are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct-current power supply.
According to the scheme, the two refrigeration pieces are of a gradient composite structure or an even composite structure which is prepared by compounding the thermoelectric material and the magnetocaloric material, and one end with high content of the magnetocaloric material in the gradient composite structure is positioned on the outer side of heat absorption or heat dissipation.
According to the scheme, the inner rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece of the two refrigeration elements which are oppositely arranged are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the same direct-current power supply; the inner rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece of the other two opposite refrigeration elements are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the other direct current power supply.
According to the scheme, two groups of programmable direct current power supplies are arranged, wherein one group of the programmable direct current power supplies provides forward current, and the current direction flows into the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece and flows out of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece; the other group provides reverse current, and the current direction is from the inflow of N type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece, and from P type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece outflow.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the technical scheme, four n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration elements can exchange heat with two pairs of hot end and cold end heat exchangers, so that the material consumption is less, the refrigeration efficiency is higher, and the structure is more compact; the upper surface of the base of the heat exchange heat exchanger is provided with a flow passage, the water inlet of the fluid passage is communicated with a cooling water tank of the water cooling device through a pipeline, the water outlet of the fluid passage is communicated with a drainage pipeline, the flow passage and the fluid passage provide a liquid-solid convection heat transfer place and quickly take away heat at the hot end, so that heat accumulation of the heat exchanger at the hot end is avoided, and the refrigeration efficiency is reduced; the refrigeration element is connected with the programmable direct current power supply, and the programmable direct current power supply provides forward current in the magnetic field and reverse current outside the magnetic field of the refrigeration element, so that the forward current source and the reverse current source are replaced infrequently, and finally, the pulse electric field is easier to realize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of four refrigeration components.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the cover plate of the hot side heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the base of the hot side heat exchanger.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection between the rotating mechanism and the rotating shaft.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the heat absorption and release conditions across a single refrigeration element when a forward current is applied.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of heat absorption and release conditions across a single refrigeration element when current is applied in different directions.
Fig. 9 is a schematic layout of four refrigeration elements with a hot side heat exchanger and a cold side heat exchanger.
FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a frame platform; 1.1, a first platform; 1.2, a second platform; 1.3, a third platform; 1.4, upright posts; 2. a position adjusting plate; 3. a refrigeration element; 3.1, N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece; 3.2, P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration pieces; 4. an insulating and heat-insulating disk; 5. a permanent magnet; 6. a rotating mechanism; 6.1, a motor; 6.2, a coupler; 6.3, positioning the base body; 7. a hot end heat exchanger; 7.1, a base; 7.2, a cover plate; 7.3, a flow channel; 7.4, a fluid channel; 8. a cold end heat exchanger; 9. a thermometer; 10. A flow meter; 11. a support structure; 12. a rotating shaft; 13. a bearing; 14. a water supply line; 15. and a cooling water tank.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the examples of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 10, the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on the thermal electromagnetic coupling comprises a frame platform 1, two permanent magnets 5, four refrigerating elements 3, an insulating and heat-insulating disc 4 and a rotating mechanism 6; the frame comprises a first platform 1.1 at the bottom and a second platform 1.2 arranged above the first platform 1.1, and two position adjusting plates 2 are arranged on the second platform 1.2; the permanent magnets 5 are U-shaped magnets, the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets 5 are opposite, and the two permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the two position adjusting plates 2 and used for providing a magnetic field to excite the refrigeration element 3; the refrigerating element 3 is an N-shaped structure thermal electromagnetic all-solid-state refrigerating element and comprises an N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.1 and a P-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.2, the outer rings of the two refrigerating pieces are connected by an outer ring electrode, and the inner rings of the two refrigerating pieces are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct-current power supply; the insulating and heat-insulating disk 4 is arranged between the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets 5, and the four refrigerating elements 3 are opposite in pairs and are uniformly arranged on the edge of the insulating and heat-insulating disk 4 at intervals along the circumferential direction; the center of the insulating and heat-insulating disk 4 penetrates through a rotating shaft 12, the lower end of the rotating shaft 12 is connected with a rotating mechanism 6, and the rotating mechanism 6 drives the refrigerating element 3 to horizontally rotate through the rotating shaft 12 and the insulating and heat-insulating disk 4, so that the refrigerating element 3 enters magnetic field excitation or exits the magnetic field; the hot end heat exchanger 7 is arranged at an outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element 3 in an excitation state and in a magnetic field, and is used for radiating heat of the refrigerating element 3; the cold end heat exchanger 8 is arranged at the outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element 3 in a demagnetized state, and provides heat for the refrigeration element 3. In the invention, the cold-end heat exchanger 8 is arranged outside the magnetic field; the hot side heat exchanger 7 is arranged within the magnetic field.
Refrigeration element 3
As shown in fig. 2, 7, 8 and 9, four refrigerating elements 3 are fixed at four positions of the insulating thermal disk 4, namely, the true east, the true west, the true south and the true north, respectively.
The refrigerating element 3 is a pi-type structure thermal electromagnetic all-solid-state refrigerating element 3, and comprises an N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element 3.1 and a P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element 3.2 which have high thermoelectric performance and high magnetic entropy change simultaneously, wherein the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element are both of a gradient composite structure or a uniform composite structure prepared by compounding thermoelectric materials and magnetocaloric materials, and one end with high content of the magnetocaloric materials in the gradient composite structure is positioned on the outer side (the side contacted with the heat exchanger) for absorbing or radiating heat; this is prior art and will not be described further herein. The outer rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.1 and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.2 are connected through an outer ring electrode which is an arc red copper electrode. The inner rings of an N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.1 and a P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.2 of the two refrigerating elements 3 which are oppositely arranged are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the same direct current power supply; the inner rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.1 and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.2 of the other two opposite refrigerating elements 3 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the other direct current power supply.
Two groups of programmable direct current power supplies are arranged, wherein one group of the programmable direct current power supplies provides forward current, and the current direction is that the current flows in from the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece 3.2 and flows out from the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece 3.1; the other group provides reverse current, and the current direction flows in from the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.1 and flows out from the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating piece 3.2; the current magnitude is controllable. When forward current flows in from the P-type thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating element 3.2, the outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element 3 forms a hot end, heat dissipation is performed as the hot end, the cold end absorbs heat, heat is released outwards through the hot end heat exchanger 7 at the moment, active heat dissipation is performed by utilizing a thermo-electric effect, and auxiliary heat dissipation is performed by utilizing a magneto-thermal effect; on the contrary, when the reverse current flows in from the N-type thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating element 3.1, the cold motor 6.1 of the refrigerating element 3 forms a cold end, and the cold end absorbs heat and the hot end dissipates heat, at the moment, the cold end heat exchanger 8 absorbs heat to realize refrigeration, the thermo-electric effect is utilized to absorb heat actively, and the thermo-magnetic effect is utilized to assist in absorbing heat.
Rotating mechanism 6
As shown in fig. 6, the rotating mechanism 6 includes a motor 6.1 and a plum coupling 6.2, the motor 6.1 is disposed on the first platform 1.1, a shaft of the motor 6.1 is connected with the rotating shaft 12 through the coupling 6.2, and the rotating shaft 12 passes through the second platform 1.2 and is connected with the insulating and heat-insulating disc 4. A positioning seat body 6.3 is arranged at the top of the motor 6.1, and the positioning seat body 6.3 can be connected with the bottom of the second platform 1.2, so that the power provided by the motor 6.1 is ensured to keep in the horizontal direction; the coupler 6.2 is a plum coupler 6.2. The rotating mechanism 6 can drive the refrigerating element 3 to rotate around the concentric circle in a reciprocating way by 90 degrees, so that the refrigerating element 3 in the magnetic field leaves the magnetic field and realizes demagnetization, and meanwhile, the refrigerating element 3 outside the magnetic field enters the magnetic field and realizes excitation.
Permanent magnet 5
As shown in fig. 5, the permanent magnets 5 are U-shaped magnets designed based on geometric optimization, and the magnetic fields generated by the two permanent magnets 5 act perpendicular to the direction of the current in the cooling element 3. In the present invention, the effective magnetic field area should be ensured to maximize the magnetocaloric effect; the maximum magnetic field intensity of the two permanent magnets 5 can reach more than 1.0T, and the effective magnetic field spaceUp to 12X 20X 50 mm 3 。
Cold side heat exchanger 8 and hot side heat exchanger 7
In the invention, the outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element 3 is of an arc structure; the inner ends of the cold end heat exchanger 8 and the hot end heat exchanger 7 are heat transfer ends, the heat transfer end surfaces of the two heat exchangers are cambered surfaces matched with the outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element 3, and the heat transfer ends of the two heat exchangers are in contact with the outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element 3 through heat conducting glue; and the cold-end heat exchanger 8 and the hot-end heat exchanger 7 are respectively arranged on the second platform 1.2 through a support piece 11.
The cold end heat exchanger 8 comprises an upper arc plate and a lower arc plate which are connected through heat conducting glue, and the inner end face of each arc plate is located on the cambered surface of the outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element 3 in a matched mode. When the programmable direct current power supply applies reverse current to the refrigerating element 3 demagnetized outside the magnetic field, the outer side of the refrigerating element 3 is a cold end, and the refrigeration is realized by absorbing heat through a cold end heat exchanger 8. The structure of the cold side heat exchanger 8 is not shown.
The middle part of the hot end heat exchanger 7 is positioned in the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet 5, and two ends of the hot end heat exchanger 7 extend out of the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet 5. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the hot-end heat exchanger 7 includes a heat exchange base 7.1 and a cover plate 7.2 (connected with each other through a heat conducting adhesive) adapted to the heat exchange base 7.1, heat transfer end surfaces (inner ends) of the heat exchange base 7.1 and the cover plate 7.2 are both arc surfaces adapted to an outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element 3, a flow channel 7.3 is formed on the upper surface of the heat exchange base 7.1, the flow channel 7.3 is communicated with a fluid channel 7.4 arranged at an end of the heat exchange base 7.1, and a water inlet and a water outlet of the fluid channel 7.4 are respectively provided with a thermometer 9 (which can be a thermocouple thermometer 9); the water inlet of the fluid channel 7.4 is communicated with a cooling water tank 15 of the water cooling device through a water supply pipeline 14, and a flowmeter 10 is arranged on the pipeline; the water outlet of the fluid channel 7.4 is communicated with a drain pipeline, and the flow channel 7.3 and the fluid channel 7.4 provide a liquid-solid convection heat transfer place and quickly take away heat at the hot end. In the present invention, the cooling water tank 15 is installed on the first platform 1.1. The programmable direct current power supply applies forward current to the refrigerating element 3 in the magnetic field, the outer side of the refrigerating element 3 forms a hot end, and heat is dissipated to the outside through the hot end heat exchanger 7.
Frame platform 1
In the invention, the frame platform 1 also comprises a third platform 1.3 arranged above the second platform 1.2, the three platforms are all horizontally arranged, and two adjacent platforms are connected through upright posts 1.4 arranged at four corners; the upper end of the rotating shaft 12 passes through the third platform 1.3 and is connected with a bearing 13 arranged on the third platform 1.3.
In the invention, the frame platform 1 is of a metal structure, and all parts of the frame platform are made of metal materials respectively; the rotating shaft 12 is made of a metal material. The frame platform 1 and the position adjusting plate 2 are used for fixing and adjusting the positions of the two permanent magnets 5, providing an effective magnetic field area for the refrigerating element 3 and ensuring the maximum magnetocaloric effect.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
1) the rotating mechanism 6 provides stable power through the frame platform 1 and the position adjusting plate 2, so that the four refrigerating elements 3 rotate back and forth by 90 degrees to cut a magnetic field generated by the two permanent magnets 5;
2) after the refrigerating element 3 enters a magnetic field, the refrigerating element is subjected to adiabatic excitation, the system entropy is unchanged, the magnetic entropy is reduced, and the temperature is increased;
3) the refrigeration element 3 is in a constant magnetic field, a direct current power supply applies a positive current to the refrigeration element 3, the refrigeration element 3 actively dissipates heat at the hot end by using the Peltier effect, and assists in dissipating heat at the hot end by using the magnetocaloric effect, the whole device dissipates heat to the outside through a hot end heat exchanger 7, and the temperature of the refrigeration element 3 is reduced to the room temperature;
4) after the refrigerating element 3 leaves the magnetic field, the heat insulation and demagnetization are carried out, the system entropy is unchanged, the magnetic entropy is increased, and the temperature is reduced;
5) the refrigeration element 3 is under a zero magnetic field, a direct current power supply applies reverse current to the refrigeration element 3, the refrigeration element 3 actively absorbs heat at the cold end by using the Peltier effect and absorbs heat at the cold end in an auxiliary manner by using the magnetocaloric effect, the whole device absorbs heat from the outside through a cold end heat exchanger 8, and the temperature of the refrigeration element 3 is raised to the room temperature;
6) and calculating the temperature difference value of the water inlet and the water outlet of the hot end heat exchanger 7 to obtain the ratio COP of the heat dissipation power and the consumed electric energy, and further evaluating the refrigeration performance of the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on the thermoelectricity coupling.
Example one
The four refrigerating elements 3 operate, the four refrigerating elements 3 are driven by the rotating mechanism 6 to rotate in a reciprocating mode by 90 degrees to cut the magnetic field generated by the two permanent magnets 5, the two opposite refrigerating elements 3 are excited at the same time, and the other two opposite refrigerating elements 3 are demagnetized at the same time. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the two refrigerating elements 3 are subjected to heat insulation and magnetization after entering a magnetic field at the same time, the system entropy is unchanged, the magnetic entropy is reduced, and the temperature is increased; meanwhile, the power supply begins to apply positive current, the two refrigerating elements 3 in the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 5 actively dissipate heat at the hot end by using the Peltier effect, the heat is dissipated at the hot end in an auxiliary manner by using the magnetocaloric effect, and the whole device dissipates heat to the outside through the hot end heat exchanger 7, so that the temperatures of the two refrigerating elements 3 are reduced to room temperature. The other two refrigerating elements 3 are insulated and demagnetized after leaving the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 5, the system entropy is unchanged, the magnetic entropy is increased, and the temperature is reduced; meanwhile, the power supply begins to apply reverse current, the two refrigerating elements 3 outside the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 5 actively absorb heat at the cold end by using the Peltier effect, the heat is absorbed at the cold end in an auxiliary manner by using the magnetocaloric effect, and the whole device absorbs heat from the outside through the cold end heat exchanger 8 so that the temperature of the two refrigerating elements 3 is raised to the room temperature. The four refrigeration elements 3 achieve stable refrigeration effect through stable power which is provided by the mechanical rotation unit and rotates 90 degrees in a reciprocating manner.
Example two
The embodiment provides a method for calculating the refrigeration efficiency. The refrigeration efficiency of the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on the thermoelectric magnetic coupling can be measured by testing the ratio of the heat dissipation power of the hot-end heat exchanger 7 to the electric energy consumed by the rotating mechanism 6.
The temperature difference (delta T is T1-T2) is obtained by testing the water inlet temperature (T1 unit K) and the water outlet temperature (T2 unit K) of the fluid channel 7.4 of the hot-end heat exchanger 7 through a thermocouple thermometer 9, and then the density of water is known (rho unit kg/m) 3 ) The specific heat capacity of water (c units J/(kg. K)) and the flow rate of the water stream in the hot side heat exchanger 77 (G units m) measured by the flow meter 10 3 And/s) can be calculated, and the heat dissipation power (W unit J/s) of the heat exchanger 7 at the hot end can be calculated. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
W＝ΔT×c×ρ×G，
the specific calculation formula of the ratio COP of the heat dissipation power (W) of the hot-side heat exchanger 7 to the consumed electric energy (P) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003316940420000061
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the alignment; modifications of the embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features are possible; the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered by the technical solutions claimed in the present specification without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising a frame platform, two permanent magnets, four refrigerating elements, an insulating and heat-insulating disc and a rotating mechanism; the frame comprises a first platform at the bottom and a second platform arranged above the first platform, and two position adjusting plates are arranged on the second platform; the permanent magnets are U-shaped magnets, the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets are opposite, and the two permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the two position adjusting plates and used for providing a magnetic field to excite the refrigeration element; the insulating and heat-insulating disk is arranged between the U-shaped openings of the two permanent magnets, and the four refrigerating elements are opposite in pairs and are uniformly arranged on the edge of the insulating and heat-insulating disk at intervals along the circumferential direction; the center of the insulating and heat-insulating disk penetrates through a rotating shaft, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the refrigerating element to horizontally rotate through the rotating shaft and the insulating and heat-insulating disk, so that the refrigerating element enters a magnetic field for excitation or exits the magnetic field; the hot end heat exchanger is arranged at an outer ring electrode of the refrigerating element in an excitation state and in a magnetic field to radiate heat of the refrigerating element; the cold end heat exchanger is arranged at an outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element in a demagnetizing state and provides heat for the refrigeration element; the rotating mechanism comprises a motor and a plum blossom coupling, the motor is arranged on the first platform, a motor shaft of the motor is connected with the rotating shaft through the coupling, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the second platform and is connected with the insulating and heat-insulating disc.
2. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets are U-shaped magnets, and the magnetic fields generated by the two permanent magnets act perpendicular to the direction of current flow in the refrigeration element.
3. The all solid state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein a positioning seat is provided on the top of the motor, and the positioning seat is connected to the bottom of the second platform.
4. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein the outer ring electrode of the refrigeration element is of an arc-shaped structure; the inner ends of the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger are heat transfer ends, the heat transfer end surfaces of the two heat exchangers are cambered surfaces matched with the outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element, and the heat transfer ends of the two heat exchangers are in contact with the outer ring electrodes of the refrigerating element through heat-conducting glue; and the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger are respectively arranged on the second platform through a support piece.
5. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 1, wherein the middle part of the hot-side heat exchanger is positioned in the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet, and two ends of the hot-side heat exchanger extend out of the U-shaped opening of the permanent magnet; the hot end heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange base and a cover plate matched with the heat exchange base, wherein the heat transfer end surfaces of the heat exchange base and the cover plate are cambered surfaces matched with an outer ring electrode of a refrigeration element, a flow channel is formed in the upper surface of the heat exchange base and is communicated with a fluid channel arranged at the end part of the heat exchange base, and thermometers are respectively arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of the fluid channel; the water inlet of the fluid channel is communicated with a cooling water tank of the water cooling device through a pipeline, the water outlet of the fluid channel is communicated with a drainage pipeline, and the flow channel and the fluid channel provide a place for liquid-solid convection heat transfer and quickly take away heat at the hot end.
6. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerating element is an N-type structure thermal electromagnetic all-solid-state refrigerating element, and comprises an N-type thermal electromagnetic refrigerating element and a P-type thermal electromagnetic refrigerating element, outer rings of the two refrigerating elements are connected by an outer ring electrode, and inner rings of the two refrigerating elements are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a direct-current power supply.
7. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 6, wherein both the refrigerating members are a gradient composite structure or a uniform composite structure prepared by compositing a thermoelectric material and a magnetocaloric material, and the end with a large content of the magnetocaloric material in the gradient composite structure is positioned outside the heat absorption or dissipation.
8. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 7, wherein the inner rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating element of the two refrigerating elements which are oppositely arranged are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the same direct current power supply; the inner rings of the N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece and the P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece of the other two opposite refrigeration elements are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the other direct current power supply.
9. The all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 7, wherein two sets of programmable dc power supplies are arranged, one set of which provides forward current in the direction of flow from the P-type thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration member and the other set of which flows from the N-type thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration member; the other group provides reverse current, and the current direction is from the inflow of N type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece, and from P type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration piece outflow.
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