CN112254370B - All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling - Google Patents
All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN112254370B CN112254370B CN202011207036.9A CN202011207036A CN112254370B CN 112254370 B CN112254370 B CN 112254370B CN 202011207036 A CN202011207036 A CN 202011207036A CN 112254370 B CN112254370 B CN 112254370B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
- F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermo-electromagnetic coupling, which comprises a thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating circulator, a magnet, a rotating mechanism, a forward direct-current power supply, a reverse direct-current power supply, a hot-end heat exchanger and a cold-end heat exchanger, wherein the thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating circulator is connected with the magnet; the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator comprises a plurality of n-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements which are distributed in a concentric circle; the magnet is used for exciting the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in the magnetic field; the rotating device is used for controlling the thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration circulator to rotate around a concentric circle, so that the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in the magnetic field leaves the magnetic field to realize demagnetization; the positive direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in a magnetic field, a hot end is formed at the electrode end of the positive direct current power supply, and heat is released outwards through the hot end heat exchanger; the reverse direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, a cold end is formed at an electrode end of the reverse direct current power supply, and refrigeration is realized by absorbing heat through the cold end heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state refrigeration, in particular to an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on thermal electromagnetic coupling.
Background
The traditional vapor compression refrigeration is the most mature refrigeration technology at present, has high refrigeration efficiency and refrigeration capacity, and is widely used for air conditioners, refrigerators and other refrigeration equipment. Currently, the total amount of global air conditioners is about 20 hundred million, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioners exceeds 3.0 at most. As the technology must use fluorine-containing refrigerant which has destructive effect on the atmospheric environment, according to the convention of Montreal protocol, measures for strictly controlling the amount of the refrigerant are adopted globally so as to relieve the problems of ozone layer destruction and greenhouse effect caused by refrigerant leakage. In recent years, research on refrigerant substitutes has been accelerated in various countries, but new efficient and environmentally friendly refrigerants have not been successfully used. Magnetic refrigeration based on magnetic card effect and thermoelectric refrigeration based on Peltier effect belong to green environment-friendly pollution-free refrigeration technology, and gradually receive wide attention at home and abroad.
Magnetic refrigeration is an environment-friendly refrigeration technology which takes a magnetocaloric material with a magnetic card effect as a refrigeration working medium. The working principle is based on the magnetic card effect, namely the magnetic entropy of the magnetocaloric material is reduced and releases heat when magnetized, and the magnetic entropy is increased and absorbs heat when demagnetized, thereby realizing refrigeration. The magnetic refrigeration technology generally adopts fluid as a heat exchange medium, on one hand, heat emitted when the magnetocaloric material is magnetized is taken away, and on the other hand, heat at the refrigerating end is taken away to the magnetocaloric material for heat absorption when the magnetocaloric material is demagnetized. The magnetic refrigeration has higher refrigeration efficiency which can reach 30 to 60 percent of Carnot cycle. The adopted solid refrigeration working medium and heat exchange fluid medium are safe and pollution-free, do not need a compression device, and are one of the green refrigeration technologies with the most application prospect at present. However, the magnetic refrigeration technology has the bottleneck problems of incomplete solid-liquid heat exchange and large system heat return loss, and the refrigeration application is severely restricted. Theoretical calculation shows that the heat return loss is required to be controlled below 2.0 to ensure that the COP of the magnetic refrigeration technology reaches 4.0, but the heat return loss is still difficult to be reduced to 4.0 at present. Therefore, it is difficult to replace the conventional vapor compression refrigeration technology with a single magnetic card refrigeration technology.
Thermoelectric refrigeration is an environment-friendly all-solid-state energy conversion technology for realizing refrigeration by utilizing the Peltier effect of thermoelectric materials. The principle is that when current is introduced into two connected P-type thermoelectric materials and N-type thermoelectric materials, the heat is transmitted from a refrigerating end to a radiating end through the directional movement of current carriers of the two thermoelectric materials (the P-type thermoelectric material is a cavity, and the N-type thermoelectric material is an electron) under the action of an electric field. The thermoelectric refrigeration technology has the advantages of no need of movable parts, miniaturization, high reliability and the like, and cold end and hot end interchange can be realized by controlling the current direction. The COP of thermoelectric refrigeration mainly depends on the thermoelectric performance of the N-type and P-type thermoelectric materials and is closely related to the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the materials: the higher the ZT value, the larger the COP. Theoretical calculation shows that if the refrigeration coefficient reaches 4.0, the ZT value of the thermoelectric material is required to reach more than 3.0, and the ZT value of the conventional thermoelectric material at room temperature does not exceed 2.0 at most. Therefore, replacing conventional vapor compression refrigeration with a single thermoelectric refrigeration also faces significant challenges.
At present, the single magnetic refrigeration technology or the single thermoelectric refrigeration technology is difficult to compete with the traditional vapor compression refrigeration technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric coupling, aiming at the technical defects of the existing single magnetic refrigeration technology and the single thermoelectric refrigeration technology, compared with a single magnetic refrigeration device, the device has the advantages of more compact structure, no fluid heat transfer medium, high circulating refrigeration frequency, fast solid-solid heat exchange, high refrigeration efficiency and the like, and has higher refrigeration capacity and refrigeration efficiency compared with the single thermoelectric refrigeration.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on the thermo-electromagnetic coupling comprises a thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating circulator, a magnet, a rotating device, a forward direct-current power supply, a reverse direct-current power supply, a hot-end heat exchanger and a cold-end heat exchanger;
the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator comprises a plurality of N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements which are distributed in a concentric circle, and each N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element comprises a fan-shaped N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm and a fan-shaped P-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm; the outer rings of the two arms are connected by electrodes, and the inner rings of the two arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply;
the magnet is arranged above the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator and is used for exciting an n-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in a magnetic field;
the rotating device is used for controlling the thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration circulator to rotate around a concentric circle, so that the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in the magnetic field leaves the magnetic field to realize demagnetization;
the cold end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in a demagnetization state and is positioned outside a magnetic field, and provides refrigeration heat for the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element to absorb heat;
the hot end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in an excitation state and positioned in a magnetic field, and provides a heat dissipation device for heat release of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element;
the positive direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit in the magnetic field, a hot end is formed at the electrode end of the positive direct current power supply, and heat is released outwards through the hot end heat exchanger; the reverse direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, a cold end is formed at an electrode end of the reverse direct current power supply, and refrigeration is realized by absorbing heat through the cold end heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration circulator is formed by splicing an even number of n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements around a concentric circle, and the surfaces of the fan-shaped elements are covered by insulating, heat-insulating and magnetic-conducting coatings.
According to the technical scheme, the fan-shaped N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm and the fan-shaped P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm are both made of thermoelectric materials and magnetocaloric materials.
According to the technical scheme, the fan-shaped N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm is formed by sintering at least one N-type thermoelectric material and one magnetocaloric material, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material is distributed in the refrigeration arm in a positive gradient or a reverse gradient or is uniformly distributed;
the fan-shaped P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm is formed by sintering at least one P-type thermoelectric material and one magnetocaloric material, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material is distributed in the refrigeration arm in a forward gradient or a reverse gradient or is uniformly distributed.
According to the technical scheme, the thermoelectric material is Bi2Te3Base alloy, Ag2Te based compound, Mg3Bi2Base alloy, Zn4Sb3、YbAl3And a PbTe-based alloy, wherein the magnetocaloric material is at least one of Gd metal, Gd-based alloy, LaFeSi-based compound, MnAs-based compound, and MnCoGe-based compound.
In the above technical solution, the electrodes are made of a non-magnetic material with electric and thermal conductivity, or a magnetic material with electric and thermal conductivity.
According to the technical scheme, the magnet is a fixed permanent magnet or an electromagnet, a magnetic field generated by the magnet is perpendicular to the plane of the electromagnetic refrigeration circulator, and the area of the magnetic field covers at least one n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element.
According to the technical scheme, the rotating device comprises a servo motor and a coaxial belt wheel, the servo motor and the coaxial belt wheel are linked to realize that the electromagnetic refrigeration circulator rotates around the center, and the rotating speed of the servo motor is controlled by a frequency converter.
According to the technical scheme, the forward direct current power supply applies current to the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit in the magnetic field, heat is released through the magnetic card effect of the magnetocaloric material, the heat is transmitted to the electrode through the Peltier effect of the thermoelectric material, and the temperature of the electrode is higher than that of the hot end heat exchanger to form a hot end; the reverse direct current power supply is used for applying current to the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, the refrigeration heat of the cold end heat exchanger is transmitted to the magnetocaloric material through the Peltier effect of the thermoelectric material, and the refrigeration heat is absorbed through the magnetic card effect of the magnetocaloric material, so that the temperature of the electrode is lower than that of the cold end heat exchanger to form the cold end.
According to the technical scheme, the hot end heat exchanger is attached to the electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in an excitation state and located in a magnetic field, the hot end heat exchanger and the electrode are in thermal series connection through heat conducting glue to realize heat exchange between the hot end heat exchanger and the electrode, and heat at the high temperature end of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element is discharged to the surrounding space to realize heat dissipation; the cold end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in a demagnetizing state and located outside a magnetic field, the cold end heat exchanger and the electrode are in thermal series connection through heat conducting glue, heat exchange between the cold end heat exchanger and the electrode is achieved, refrigeration heat is transmitted to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element, and the surrounding space or object refrigeration is achieved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on the thermo-electromagnetic coupling provided by the invention simultaneously utilizes two refrigerating technologies of magnetic refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration, and the two refrigerating technologies are ingeniously combined, so that the refrigerating efficiency can be greatly improved. The working principle breaks through the traditional concept that the traditional steam compression refrigeration must use a fluid medium, and the whole processes of excitation high-temperature back heating and demagnetization low-temperature back heating of single magnetic refrigeration are completed simultaneously by thermo-electric magnetic coupling by taking electron or hole transmission (electron entropy flow) and magnetic moment/spin state change entropy flow (magnetic entropy flow) in a solid substance as a heat energy and electric energy conversion circulating medium, so that the refrigeration performance is greatly improved, and the problems of leakage of the fluid refrigeration medium, large back heating loss, incomplete heat exchange and the like in the use process of the traditional refrigeration system are solved. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, no fluid heat transfer medium, high heat transfer efficiency and high refrigeration efficiency, and can be used in a plurality of application fields such as air conditioners, refrigerators, electronic device heat management, bidirectional temperature control and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double pi-type all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on thermo-electromagnetic coupling, which is provided by the invention and consists of 8 pi-type thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan-shaped refrigeration unit provided by the invention.
In the reference symbols: 1-a thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration circulator; 11-pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element; 12-sector element barriers; 13-surface coating of sector elements; a 111-N type thermo-electromagnetic cooling arm; 112-P type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm; 113-an electrode; 114-thermo-electromagnetic cooling arm interlayer; 1111-N type thermoelectric material; 1112-a magnetocaloric material; 1121-P type thermoelectric material; 1122-magnetocaloric material; 2-a magnet; 3-a rotating device; 4-a forward direct current power supply; 5-reverse direct current power supply; 6-hot end heat exchanger; 7-cold end heat exchanger; 8-hot end; 9-cold end.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention integrates the two refrigeration technical characteristics of magnetic refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration, and forms a novel thermoelectric magnetic all-solid-state refrigeration device. The core of the novel refrigeration device is a thermoelectric material formed by gradient compounding of a thermoelectric material and a magnetocaloric material, and the thermoelectric refrigeration effect and the magnetic refrigeration effect can be simultaneously generated through a brand-new device structure design. The novel refrigeration device takes the electronic entropy flow of the thermoelectric material and the magnetic entropy flow of the magnetocaloric material as heat energy flowing media, does not need any refrigerant, does not need fluid as an exchange medium, is an environment-friendly and pollution-free all-solid-state refrigeration technology, and can be applied to the application fields of air conditioners, refrigerators, electronic devices, bidirectional temperature control and the like. According to the invention, under the condition of keeping the magnetic field fixed, the circulating refrigeration is realized by rotating the thermoelectric-magnetic-coupling all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration arm, and the device has the advantages of higher heat exchange efficiency, higher circulating refrigeration frequency and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the double n-shaped all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on the thermo-electromagnetic coupling according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration circulator 1, a magnet 2, a rotating device 3, a forward direct current power supply 4, a reverse direct current power supply 5, a hot-end heat exchanger 6, and a cold-end heat exchanger 7. The thermo-electromagnetic cooling circulator 1 may be formed by a plurality of pi-shaped thermo-electromagnetic cooling sector elements 11 around concentric circles. In the embodiment, the thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration circulator 1 is formed by 8 n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements 11 surrounding a concentric circle, two arms of an outer ring of each n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element 11 are connected by electrodes 113, and two arms of an inner ring of each n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a direct-current power supply; the magnet 2 is used for exciting the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 in a magnetic field; the rotating device 3 is used for controlling the electromagnetic refrigeration circulator 1 to rotate around a concentric circle, so that the n-shaped electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element 11 in the magnetic field leaves the magnetic field to realize demagnetization; the cold end heat exchanger 7 is attached to an electrode 113 of the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in a demagnetization state and is positioned outside a magnetic field, and provides refrigeration heat for the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element to absorb heat; the hot end heat exchanger 6 is attached to an electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element 11 which is in an excitation state and is positioned in a magnetic field, and provides a heat dissipation device for heat release of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element; the positive direct current power supply 4 is used for applying positive current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit in a magnetic field, a hot end 8 is formed at the electrode end of the positive direct current power supply, and heat is dissipated outwards through a hot end heat exchanger 6; the reverse direct current power supply 5 is used for applying reverse current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, a cold end 9 is formed at the electrode end of the fan-shaped element, and heat is absorbed by a cold end heat exchanger 7 to realize refrigeration.
The thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating circulator 1 comprises a pi-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating fan-shaped element 11, a fan-shaped element interlayer 12 and a fan-shaped element surface coating 13. In this example, the thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating circulator 1 is formed by forming 8 n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating fan-shaped elements 11 into a concentric circle, a fan-shaped element interlayer 12 is arranged between two adjacent n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating fan-shaped elements 11, and a fan-shaped element surface coating 13 covers the upper surface and the lower surface of each n-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigerating fan-shaped element 11.
In some preferred embodiments, the N-shaped thermal electromagnetic cooling sector element 11 is formed by arranging a fan-shaped N-shaped thermal electromagnetic cooling arm 111 and a fan-shaped P-shaped thermal electromagnetic cooling arm 112 side by side, the two arms of the outer ring are connected by electrodes 113 to form an N-shaped structure, the two arms of the inner ring are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and a thermal electromagnetic cooling arm interlayer 114 is arranged between the fan-shaped N-shaped thermal electromagnetic cooling arm 111 and the fan-shaped P-shaped thermal electromagnetic cooling arm 112.
In some preferred embodiments, the fan-shaped N-type thermo-electromagnetic cooling arm 111 is formed by sintering at least one N-type thermo-electric material 1111 and one magnetocaloric material 1112, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material 1112 is distributed or uniformly distributed in the cooling arm in a positive gradient (gradually decreasing from the outer ring to the inner ring) or a negative gradient (gradually increasing from the outer ring to the inner ring).
In some preferred embodiments, the fan-shaped P-type thermoelectric and magnetic cooling arm 112 is formed by sintering at least one P-type thermoelectric material 1121 and one magnetocaloric material 1122, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material 1122 is distributed or uniformly distributed in the cooling arm in a forward gradient (gradually decreasing from the outer ring to the inner ring) or a reverse gradient (gradually increasing from the outer ring to the inner ring).
Specifically, the N-type thermoelectric material 1111 and the P-type thermoelectric material 1121 are functional materials that convert thermal energy and electrical energy into each other, and heat transfer is achieved by directional movement of carriers inside the materials under the action of an electric field.
In some preferred embodiments, the N-type thermoelectric material 1111 and the P-type thermoelectric material 1121 are Bi2Te3Base alloy, Ag2Te based compound, Mg3Bi2Base alloy, Zn4Sb3、YbAl3And PbTe-based alloy, in which the N-type thermoelectric material 1111 has electrons as majority carriers and the P-type thermoelectric material 1121 has holes as majority carriers.
Specifically, the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 are materials whose temperature increases when they are excited in a magnetic field and decreases when they are demagnetized outside the magnetic field.
In some preferred embodiments, the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 are at least one of Gd metal, Gd-based alloys, LaFeSi-based compounds, MnAs-based compounds, MnCoGe-based compounds, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, electrodes 113 are attached to the outer ring of ii-shaped thermo-electromagnetic cooling sector element 11 and are made of a non-magnetic material with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, such as metals Cu, Sn, Cr, Nb, and Ti, and alloys thereof, or a magnetic material with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, such as Gd metal, Gd-based alloys, LaFeSi-based compounds, MnAs-based compounds, MnCoGe-based compounds, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, the thermo-electromagnetic cooling arm spacer 114 is a gap or is made of an insulating and magnetically permeable material, such as at least one of epoxy, polymer, glass, or insulating ceramic.
In some preferred embodiments, the sector element spacers 12 and the sector element surface coating 13 are insulating, thermally and magnetically permeable materials, such as at least one of epoxy, polymer, glass, or insulating ceramic, respectively.
In some preferred embodiments, the magnet 2 is a stationary permanent magnet or an electromagnet, the magnetic field generated by the magnet 2 is perpendicular to the plane of the thermo-electromagnetic cooling circulator 1, and the area of the magnetic field covers at least one Π -shaped thermo-electromagnetic cooling sector element 11.
In some preferred embodiments, the rotating device 3 comprises a servo motor and a coaxial belt wheel, which are linked to realize the rotation of the thermo-electromagnetic cooling circulator 1 around the center, and the rotation speed of the servo motor is controlled by a frequency converter.
In some preferred embodiments, the forward dc power supply 4 applies a forward current to the pi-shaped thermo-electromagnetic refrigeration sector unit 11 in a magnetic field, and releases heat by the magnetic card effect of the thermo-magnetic material, and transfers the heat to the electrode 113 by the peltier effect of the thermo-magnetic material, so that the temperature of the electrode 113 is higher than that of the hot-side heat exchanger 6 to form the hot side 8;
in some preferred embodiments, the reverse dc power supply 5 is configured to apply a reverse current to the pi-shaped thermal electric magnetic refrigeration sector 11 located outside the magnetic field, and transfer the refrigeration heat of the cold side heat exchanger 7 to the magnetocaloric material through peltier effect of the thermoelectric material, and absorb the refrigeration heat through magnetic card effect of the magnetocaloric material, so that the temperature of the electrode 113 is lower than the temperature of the cold side heat exchanger 7 to form the cold side 9.
In some preferred embodiments, the hot-side heat exchanger 6 is attached to the electrode 113 of the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 in an excited state and in a magnetic field, and the hot-side heat exchanger 6 and the electrode 113 are thermally connected in series through heat conducting glue to realize thermal contact therebetween through the heat conducting glue, so that heat exchange is performed, and heat at the hot side 8 of the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element is released to the surrounding space to realize a heat dissipation function. When the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element 11 rotates, the hot end radiator 6 is fixed.
In some preferred embodiments, the cold end heat exchanger 7 is attached to the electrode 113 of the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 in a demagnetizing state and outside the magnetic field, the cold end heat exchanger 7 and the electrode 113 are thermally connected in series through a heat conducting adhesive to realize heat exchange therebetween, and the refrigeration heat is transferred to the cold end 9 of the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 to realize refrigeration of the surrounding space or objects.
It can be understood that the refrigerating process of the same pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating sector element of the device can be circularly formed by the following four steps:
1) the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator 1 rotates around a concentric circle under the driving of the rotating device 3, when the n-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element 11 rotates into the magnetic field range of the magnet 2, the magnetic entropy of the internal magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 is reduced due to excitation, and heat is released under the heat insulation condition;
2) meanwhile, the forward direct current power supply 4 applies forward current to the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit 11 in the magnetic field, heat emitted by the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 is transmitted to the electrode 113 through the peltier effect of the internal thermoelectric materials 1111 and 1121, the temperature of the electrode 113 is higher than that of the hot-end heat exchanger 6, so that a hot end 8 is formed, and heat is dissipated to the outside through the hot-end heat exchanger 6;
3) the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator 1 is driven by the rotating device 3 to continue to rotate around a concentric circle, the n-shaped thermal electromagnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit 11 is rotated out of the magnetic field range of the magnet 2, the magnetic entropy of the internal magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 is increased due to demagnetization, and heat is absorbed under the heat insulation condition;
4) meanwhile, the reverse direct-current power supply 5 applies reverse current to the pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped unit 11 outside the magnetic field, and the peltier effect of the internal thermoelectric materials 1111 and 1121 transmits the refrigeration heat of the cold-end heat exchanger 7 to the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 so that the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 absorb the refrigeration heat under the demagnetization condition, so that the temperature of the electrode 113 is lower than that of the cold-end heat exchanger 7 to form a cold end 9, and the cold-end heat exchanger 7 absorbs the heat to realize refrigeration.
It can be further understood that the working process of the handover cycle of the double pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element which is symmetrical to the circle center in the device is as follows: 1) the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 in the magnetic field is excited due to the thermal insulation of the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122, the magnetic entropy is reduced, and heat is released, at this time, forward current is introduced to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 by the forward direct current power supply 4, the heat released by the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 is brought to the hot end 8 under the peltier effect of the thermoelectric materials 1111 and 1112, and the heat is dissipated outwards by the hot end heat exchanger 6, which is equivalent to a single magnetic refrigeration high-temperature heat return process; 2) the pi-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 outside the magnetic field is subjected to adiabatic demagnetization, magnetic entropy increase and heat absorption due to the magnetocaloric material, at this time, a reverse direct current power supplies a reverse current to the pi-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element, and the refrigeration heat of the cold end heat exchanger 7 (or the cold end 9) is brought to the magnetocaloric materials 1112 and 1122 for heat absorption under the peltier effect of the thermoelectric materials 1111 and 1112, which is equivalent to a low-temperature heat regeneration process of single magnetic refrigeration. Therefore, the double n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element 11 works in a linkage manner, and the whole processes of excitation high-temperature back heating and demagnetization low-temperature back heating of single magnetic refrigeration can be skillfully and simultaneously completed by means of thermoelectric magnetic coupling.
In addition, compared with a single thermoelectric refrigeration technology, the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device based on the thermoelectric coupling provided by the invention has the advantages that the refrigeration power and the refrigeration efficiency are improved; compared with the magnetic refrigeration technology, the heat exchange capacity is improved, the heat return loss is reduced, and the working frequency is higher.
In conclusion, the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on the thermoelectric coupling provided by the invention simultaneously utilizes two refrigerating technologies of magnetic refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration, and the two refrigerating technologies are ingeniously combined, so that the refrigerating efficiency can be greatly improved. The working principle breaks through the traditional concept that the traditional steam compression refrigeration must use a fluid medium, and the whole processes of excitation high-temperature back heating and demagnetization low-temperature back heating of single magnetic refrigeration are completed simultaneously by thermo-electric magnetic coupling by taking electron or hole transmission (electron entropy flow) and magnetic moment/spin state change entropy flow (magnetic entropy flow) in a solid substance as a heat energy and electric energy conversion circulating medium, so that the refrigeration performance is greatly improved, and the problems of leakage of the fluid refrigeration medium, large back heating loss, incomplete heat exchange and the like in the use process of the traditional refrigeration system are solved.
In addition, the all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device has the advantages of compact structure, no fluid heat transfer medium, high circulating refrigerating frequency, high solid-solid heat exchange speed, high refrigerating efficiency and the like.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising a thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating circulator, a magnet, a rotating device, a forward direct-current power supply, a reverse direct-current power supply, a hot-end heat exchanger and a cold-end heat exchanger;
the thermal electromagnetic refrigeration circulator comprises a plurality of N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped elements which are distributed in a concentric circle, and each N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element comprises a fan-shaped N-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm and a fan-shaped P-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm; the outer rings of the two arms are connected by electrodes, and the inner rings of the two arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply;
the magnet is used for exciting the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in a magnetic field;
the rotating device is used for controlling the thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration circulator to rotate around a concentric circle, so that the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in the magnetic field leaves the magnetic field to realize demagnetization;
the cold end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in a demagnetization state and is positioned outside a magnetic field, and provides refrigeration heat for the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element to absorb heat;
the hot end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in an excitation state and positioned in a magnetic field, and provides a heat dissipation device for heat release of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element;
the positive direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element in a magnetic field, a hot end is formed at the electrode end of the positive direct current power supply, and heat is released outwards through the hot end heat exchanger; the reverse direct current power supply is used for applying current to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, a cold end is formed at an electrode end of the reverse direct current power supply, and refrigeration is realized by absorbing heat through the cold end heat exchanger.
2. The thermoelectric coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric cooling circulator is formed by splicing an even number of n-shaped thermoelectric cooling fan-shaped elements around a concentric circle, and the surfaces of the fan-shaped elements are covered by an insulating, heat-insulating and magnetic-conducting coating.
3. The thermoelectric coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 2, wherein the fan-shaped N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm and the fan-shaped P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm are both composed of thermoelectric and magnetocaloric materials.
4. The thermoelectric-magnetic-coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device according to claim 3, wherein the fan-shaped N-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigerating arm is formed by sintering at least one N-type thermoelectric material and one magnetocaloric material, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material is distributed in the refrigerating arm from a positive gradient or a reverse gradient, or is uniformly distributed;
the fan-shaped P-type thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration arm is formed by sintering at least one P-type thermoelectric material and one magnetocaloric material, wherein the content of the magnetocaloric material is distributed in the refrigeration arm in a forward gradient or a reverse gradient or is uniformly distributed.
5. The thermoelectric coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 4, wherein the thermoelectric material is Bi2Te3Base alloy, Ag2Te based compound, Mg3Bi2Base alloy, Zn4Sb3、YbAl3And a PbTe-based alloy, wherein the magnetocaloric material is at least one of Gd metal, Gd-based alloy, LaFeSi-based compound, MnAs-based compound, and MnCoGe-based compound.
6. The thermoelectric-magnetic-coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 3, wherein the electrodes are composed of a non-magnetic material with electric and thermal conductivity or a magnetic material with electric and thermal conductivity.
7. The thermoelectric coupling based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is a stationary permanent magnet or an electromagnet that generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the electromagnetic refrigeration circulator with an area covering at least one Π -shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element.
8. The thermoelectric coupling based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating device comprises a servo motor and a coaxial pulley, the servo motor and the coaxial pulley are linked to realize the rotation of the electromagnetic refrigeration circulator around the center, and the rotation speed of the servo motor is controlled by a frequency converter.
9. The thermoelectric coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein the forward direct current power supply applies current to a n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector unit in a magnetic field, heat is released through a magnetic card effect of a magnetocaloric material, and is transmitted to the electrode through a peltier effect of the thermoelectric material, so that the temperature of the electrode is higher than that of the hot-end heat exchanger to form a hot end; the reverse direct current power supply is used for applying current to the Pi-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element outside the magnetic field, the refrigeration heat of the cold end heat exchanger is transmitted to the magnetocaloric material through the Peltier effect of the thermoelectric material, and the refrigeration heat is absorbed through the magnetic card effect of the magnetocaloric material, so that the temperature of the electrode is lower than that of the cold end heat exchanger to form the cold end.
10. The thermoelectric coupling-based all-solid-state energy conversion refrigeration device according to claim 1, wherein the hot end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of an n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element in an excitation state and in a magnetic field, and the hot end heat exchanger and the electrode are thermally connected in series through heat conducting glue to realize heat exchange therebetween and discharge heat at a high temperature end of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration sector element to a surrounding space to realize heat dissipation; the cold end heat exchanger is attached to an electrode of the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element which is in a demagnetizing state and located outside a magnetic field, the cold end heat exchanger and the electrode are in thermal series connection through heat conducting glue, heat exchange between the cold end heat exchanger and the electrode is achieved, refrigeration heat is transmitted to the n-shaped thermoelectric magnetic refrigeration fan-shaped element, and the surrounding space or object refrigeration is achieved.
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| CN114017946B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-09-02 | 武汉理工大学 | All-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device based on thermoelectric magnetic coupling |
| CN114234473B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-03-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Electromechanical control system and method for all-solid-state energy conversion refrigerating device |
| CN114246065A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-29 | 南通欧贝黎新能源电力股份有限公司 | Novel intelligent unmanned harvester utilizing solar energy |
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