CN114015008A - 聚氨酯乳液、其制备方法及印花用涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
聚氨酯乳液、其制备方法及印花用涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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Abstract
本申请涉及涂料的领域,具体公开了一种聚氨酯乳液、其制备方法及印花用涂料及其制备方法。聚氨酯乳液由以下组分制备而成:聚酯二元醇、蓖麻油、二异氰酸酯、青刺果油、2,2‑二羟甲基丙酸、二月桂酸二丁基锡、三乙胺、二乙胺水溶液。印花用涂料由以下组分组成:上述聚氨酯乳液、成膜助剂、谷糠包覆体;谷糠包覆料由以下组分组成:谷糠、抗氧化剂、聚乙烯醇、乙烯基树脂。本申请通过对谷糠进行包覆处理,使得谷糠包覆体与本申请制备的聚氨酯乳液的相容性显著提高,从而使得谷糠能够均匀地分散在聚氨酯乳液中。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及涂料领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种聚氨酯乳液、其制备方法及印花用涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,谷糠是我国产量较大的粮食副产品,但其工业利用度不高,造成了资源的浪费。
而生物基涂料作为一类利用可再生资源为原料,通过物理、化学或者生物方法制备的新材料已引起的人们的广泛关注。
发明人认为,若能将谷糠用于生物基涂料中,不但有利于缓解能源危机,还能减少资源的浪费,但谷糠在生物基涂料中的相容性较差,谷糠难以均匀分散在生物基涂料中。
发明内容
为了提高谷糠在生物基涂料中的分散性,本申请提供一种印花用涂料及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供的一种聚氨酯乳液,采用如下技术方案:
一种聚氨酯乳液,由以下质量份数的组分制备而成:
聚酯二元醇40-50份
蓖麻油50-60份
二异氰酸酯60-70份
青刺果油15-20份
2,2-二羟甲基丙酸20-30份
二月桂酸二丁基锡2-6份
三乙胺10-20份
二乙胺水溶液150-200份。
制备聚氨酯乳液时,通过加入蓖麻油部分替代聚酯二元醇,得到生物基聚氨酯涂料,聚氨酯的分子链含有蓖麻油和青刺果油的分子链,蓖麻油加入后,有利于提高聚氨酯的分子链的柔性,青刺果油加入后,有利于聚氨酯分子链的延长,且加入蓖麻油和青刺果油均有利于形成一定交联网状结构的聚氨酯,有利于提高聚氨酯耐水解性能,同时使得聚氨酯保持稳定地乳化效果。
所述聚酯二元醇可以为聚己内酯二元醇、聚碳酸酯乙二醇、聚乙烯二元醇等。
聚己内酯二元醇、聚碳酸酯乙二醇、聚乙烯二元醇的反应活性较佳,有利于形成亲水效果较佳的水性聚氨酯乳液。
进一步地,所述二异氰酸酯由甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮甲苯二异氰酸酯按照质量比为(1-1.4):1组成。
通过加入特定比例的甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔甲苯二异氰酸酯,使得聚氨酯的交联密度增加,从而使得聚氨酯涂膜的耐水性得到改善。
第二方面,本申请提供一种聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,采用如下技术方案:
一种聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),将聚酯二醇、蓖麻油和二异氰酸酯混合,在35-45℃下保温15-25min,接着在65-75℃保温30min,得到混合物A;
步骤(2),在混合物A中加入二月桂酸二丁基锡和2,2-二羟基甲基丙酸,在80-90℃保温4-6h,接着加入青刺果油,在80-90℃保温0.5-1h,得到混合物B;
步骤(3),将混合物B的温度降低至20-45℃,加入三乙醇胺,搅拌0.5-1h,得到混合物C;
步骤(4),控制混合物C的转速为500-3000r/min,向混合物C加入质量浓度为5-10%的乙二胺水溶液,搅拌1-3h,得到聚氨酯乳液。
通过加入蓖麻油部分替换聚酯二醇与二异氰酸酯反应,从而形成聚氨酯的预聚体,接着加入2,2-二羟基甲基丙酸作为扩链剂,使得聚氨酯的分子链延长,并通过加入青刺果油作为交联剂和扩链剂,从而得到自乳化效果较佳的聚氨酯乳液。
第三方面,一种印花用涂料,采用如下的技术方案:
一种印花用涂料,包括以下质量份数的组分:
上述聚氨酯乳液100份
成膜助剂3-6份
谷糠包覆体40-60份
所述谷糠包覆体由以下质量份数的组分组成:
谷糠100份
抗氧化剂2-5份
聚乙烯醇10-20份
乙烯基树脂10-20份。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过上述聚氨酯乳液作为粘接主体材料,上述聚氨酯乳液与织物表面的亲和性非常高,因此,涂料与织物纤维的表面附着力较佳,使得印花用涂料固化后不易脱落,同时,由于加入上述聚氨酯乳液,上述涂料干燥后形成的涂膜具有较佳的力学强度以及耐水解性能。
但谷糠与上述生物基聚氨酯乳液的相容性较差,因此,谷糠难以均匀分散在涂料中,发明人通过将乙烯基树脂、聚乙烯醇与谷糠混合以形成谷糠包覆体,通过将谷糠包覆体与聚氨酯涂料混合,谷糠包覆体与聚氨酯乳液具有较佳的相容性,使得谷糠包覆体能够均匀分散在聚氨酯乳液中。谷糠包覆体具有较高的颜色遮盖力且绿色环保,使得涂料呈现出谷物外壳特有的黄色,使得涂料的显色效果较佳。
优选的,所述谷糠包覆体的制备方法如下:将谷糠升温至70-80℃,在70-80℃下搅拌30-60min,接着升温至140-150℃,加入抗氧化剂和乙烯基树脂,在140-150℃下搅拌2-4h,得到谷糠包覆体。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过对谷糠进行升温搅拌一定时间,从而降低谷糠中的水分含量,接着通过加入抗氧化剂,谷糠在加热过程中保持较佳的稳定性,通过加入乙烯基树脂以包裹谷糠颗粒,使得谷糠颗粒在涂料中不易吸水膨胀,有利于进一步提高谷糠的颜色稳定性并提高谷糠与聚氨酯乳液的相容性,因此谷糠能够均匀地分散在涂料中。
优选的,所述抗氧化剂为丁基羟基茴香醚和柠檬酸按照质量比为1:(0.01-0.1)组合。
丁基羟基茴香醚和柠檬酸与谷糠的结合稳定性较佳,从而使得谷糠经过高温处理后不易变色,使得谷糠的颜色稳定性提高。
优选的,所述谷糠的粒径为200-400目。
通过回收的谷糠进行破碎处理,从而得到粒径为200-400目的谷糠颗粒,一方面,使得谷糠在涂料中的颜色的遮盖力度较佳,另一方面,由于谷糠的比表面积较小,使得谷糠包覆体在聚氨酯乳液中的分散稳定性提高,使得涂料固化后形成的涂层颜色更加稳定性。
优选的,所述谷糠包覆体的添加量为50-60份。
通过加入特定用量的谷糠包覆体,谷糠包覆体不但能够产生较佳的显色效果,而且还能够在一定程度上对涂料进行填充,使得涂料的硬度在一定程度上提高。
第四方面,本申请提供一种印花用涂料的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种印花用涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):先将谷糠包覆体和聚氨酯乳液总质量的60-70%混匀,接着升温至40-50℃,研磨20-40min,得到色浆;
步骤(2),将成膜助剂和剩余的聚氨酯乳液加入色浆中,搅拌均匀,获得印花用涂料。
通过采用上述技术方案,涂料中各组分能够在较长时间保持较佳的分散稳定性,且上述涂料的制备方法简单,方便工业生产。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、聚氨酯涂料在制备过程中采用部分蓖麻油代替聚酯二醇与二异氰酸酯反应,并且加入青刺果油作为合成聚氨酯乳液的扩链剂和交联剂,从而得到具有一定网络结构的聚氨酯,有利于提高聚氨酯的拉伸强度和耐水解性,同时,聚氨酯具有较佳的乳化效果,使得聚氨酯乳液能够保持较佳的乳化稳定性。
2、以上述制备的聚氨酯涂料作为涂料的主要基材,有利于得到拉伸强度和耐水解性较佳的涂料,并且对谷糠进行包覆处理,使得克服了由谷糠与聚氨酯涂料的相容性不佳引起的分散不均匀的缺陷,从而获得了环保性十分高的涂料。
3、谷糠包覆体的制备方法中,由于丁基羟基茴香醚和柠檬酸与谷糠的结合稳定性较佳,从而使得谷糠经过高温处理后不易变色,使得谷糠的颜色稳定性提高。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和对比例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
以下实施例中,乙烯基树脂购自广东汇圆复合材料科技有限公司,型号为262。
制备例1
一种聚氨酯乳液,由500g蓖麻油、150g青刺果油、200g2,2,-二羟甲基丙酸、20g二月桂酸二丁基锡、100g三乙胺、1500g二乙胺水溶液、400g聚酯二元醇和600g二异氰酸酯制备而成,聚酯二元醇为聚己内酯二元醇,二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),将400g聚己内酯二元醇、500g蓖麻油和600g二异氰酸酯加入500mL三颈烧瓶中,在转速为100r/min,温度为35℃下保温15min,接着在65℃保温1h,得到混合物A;
步骤(2),在混合物A中加入20g二月桂酸二丁基锡和200g2,2,-二羟甲基丙酸,在转速为150r/min,温度为80℃下保温6h,接着加入150g青刺果油,在转速为150r/min,温度为80℃保温1h,得到混合物B;
步骤(3),将混合物B的温度降低至20℃,加入100g三乙胺,100r/min的转速下搅拌1h,得到混合物C;
步骤(4),控制混合物C的转速为1000r/min,向混合物C加入质量浓度为5%的1500g二乙胺水溶液,搅拌3h,得到聚氨酯乳液。
制备例2
一种聚氨酯乳液,由600g蓖麻油、200g青刺果油、300g2,2,-二羟甲基丙酸、60g二月桂酸二丁基锡、200g三乙胺、2000g二乙胺水溶液、500g聚酯二元醇和700g二异氰酸酯制备而成,聚酯二元醇为聚己内酯二元醇,二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),将500g聚己内酯二元醇、600g蓖麻油、700g异氰酸酯加入500mL三颈烧瓶中,在转速为80r/min,温度为45℃下保温25min,接着在75℃保温0.5h,得到混合物A;
步骤(2),在混合物A中加入60g二月桂酸二丁基锡和300g2,2,-二羟甲基丙酸,在90℃保温4h,接着加入200g青刺果油,在转速为120r/min,温度为90℃下保温0.5h,得到混合物B;
步骤(3),将混合物B的温度降低至45℃,加入200g三乙胺,80r/min的转速下搅拌0.5h,得到混合物C;
步骤(4),控制混合物C的转速为3000r/min,向混合物C加入质量浓度为10%的2000g二乙胺水溶液,搅拌1h,得到聚氨酯乳液。
制备例3
与制备例1的区别在于:步骤(1)中,二异氰酸酯由300g甲苯二异氰酸酯和300g异佛尔酮甲苯二异氰酸酯组成。
制备例4
与制备例1的区别在于:步骤(1)中,二异氰酸酯由350g甲苯二异氰酸酯和250g异佛尔酮甲苯二异氰酸酯组成。
实施例1
一种印花用涂料,由10kg制备例1制备的聚氨酯乳液、4kg谷糠包覆体和0.3kg成膜助剂组成,其中,成膜助剂为醇酯十二,具体用量详见表1。
其中,谷糠包覆体的制备方法如下:取10kg谷糠升温至70℃,在70℃下搅拌60min,接着升温至140℃,加入0.2kg丁基羟基茴香醚、0.02kg柠檬酸和2kg乙烯基树脂,在140℃下搅拌4h,得到谷糠包覆体。
其中,新鲜骨料的粒径为200目。
一种印花用涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),先将4kg谷糠包覆体和6kg制备例1制备的聚氨酯乳液混合,接着升温至40-50℃,研磨20-40min,得到色浆;
步骤(2),将醇酯十二以及剩余的聚氨酯乳液加入色浆中,在转速为60r/min下,搅拌1h,获得印花用涂料。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于:步骤(1)中,采用制备例2制备的聚氨酯乳液等量替代制备例1制备得到的聚氨酯乳液,具体用量详见表1。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于:步骤(1)中,采用制备例3制备的聚氨酯乳液等量替代制备例1制备得到的聚氨酯乳液,具体用量详见表1。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于:步骤(1)中,采用制备例4制备的聚氨酯乳液等量替代制备例1制备得到的聚氨酯乳液,具体用量详见表1。
实施例5
与实施例1的区别在于:印花用涂料由10kg制备例1制备的聚氨酯乳液、6kg谷糠包覆体和0.6kg成膜助剂组成,其中,成膜助剂为醇酯十二,具体用量详见表1。
谷糠包覆体的制备方法中,将10kg谷糠升温至80℃,在80℃下搅拌30min,接着升温至150℃,加入0.5kg丁基羟基茴香醚、0.005kg柠檬酸和3kg乙烯基树脂,在150℃下搅拌2h,得到谷糠包覆体。其中,新鲜骨料的粒径为400目。
实施例6
与实施例3的区别在于:步骤(1)中,谷糠包覆体的用量为5kg,具体用量详见表1。
表1
实施例1-4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
聚氨酯乳液 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
谷糠包覆体 | 4 | 6 | 5 |
成膜助剂 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
对比例1
与实施例1区别在于:采用谷糠等量替换谷糠包覆体。
对比例2
与实施例1区别在于:采用市售聚氨酯乳液等量替换制备例1制备的聚氨酯乳液。
实验1
取5g各实施例及对比例制备的印花用涂料分别装入离心管中,使用TG16A-W型微量高速离心机,在转速为3000r/min下,离心15min,观察有误无分层沉淀,评价涂料的稳定性,涂料的稳定性越高,说明聚氨酯乳液和谷物包覆体的相容性越佳。检测结果见表2。
实验2
取10片干净的玻璃片,玻璃片的重量记为m1,在玻璃片分别涂上厚度为1mm的各实施例及对比例制备的印花用涂料,在80℃保温6h待涂料固化成膜,涂膜和玻璃片的总重量记为m2,将涂有涂膜的玻璃片放入25℃的蒸馏水中浸泡24h,取出后在,40℃干燥器中干燥2h除去涂膜表面的水分,干燥后的总重量为m3,将干燥后的涂有涂膜的玻璃片在80℃烘干至涂有涂膜的玻璃片的质量无明显变化,记录为m4,涂膜在水中的吸水率为吸水率越小,表明涂膜的耐水性越佳。检测结果见表2。
表2
稳定性 | 吸水率 | |
实施例1 | 无沉淀 | 0.86% |
实施例2 | 无沉淀 | 0.81% |
实施例3 | 无沉淀 | 0.43% |
实施例4 | 无沉淀 | 0.40% |
实施例5 | 无沉淀 | 0.22% |
实施例6 | 无沉淀 | 0.34% |
对比例1 | 有沉淀 | 3.16% |
对比例2 | 有沉淀 | 6.21% |
由表2中实施例1与对比例1的数据对比可知,通过加入谷糠包覆体,涂料在离心后不易产生沉淀,证明谷糠包覆体与聚氨酯乳液的相容性显著地提高,使得谷糠包覆体能够均匀分散在聚氨酯乳液中,同时,谷糠包覆体加入后,还明显降低了涂膜的吸水性,由于谷糠包覆体在涂料中的分散性较佳,谷糠包覆体能够较好地填充在涂膜的间隙中,使得涂膜的致密性提高,从而使得涂膜的耐水性提高。
由表2中实施例1与对比例2的数据对比可知,通过加入制备例1制备的聚氨酯乳液,涂料的稳定性提高,吸水率降低,证明本申请制备的聚氨酯分子链之间相互作用增大,使得分子链间的距离减少,水不容易渗透进入分子链中,从而使得涂膜的吸水率减少,涂抹的耐水性得到提高,但是同时聚氨酯分子链仍保持一定的亲水性,使得聚氨酯分子链能够保持较佳的乳化稳定性。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1. 一种聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于:由以下质量份数的组分制备而成:
聚酯二元醇40-50份
蓖麻油50-60份
二异氰酸酯60-70份
青刺果油15-20份
2,2-二羟甲基丙酸20-30份
二月桂酸二丁基锡2-6份
三乙胺10-20份
二乙胺水溶液150-200份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于:所述二异氰酸酯由甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮甲苯二异氰酸酯按照质量比为(1-1.4):1组成。
3.一种聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:步骤(1),将聚酯二醇、蓖麻油和二异氰酸酯混合,在35-45℃下保温15-25min,接着在65-75℃保温30min,得到混合物A;
步骤(2),在混合物A中加入二月桂酸二丁基锡和2,2-二羟基甲基丙酸,在80-90℃保温4-6h,接着加入青刺果油,在80-90℃保温0.5-1h,得到混合物B;
步骤(3),将混合物B的温度降低至20-45℃,加入三乙醇胺,搅拌0.5-1h,得到混合物C;
步骤(4),控制混合物C的转速为500-3000r/min,向混合物C加入质量浓度为5-10%的乙二胺水溶液,搅拌1-3h,得到聚氨酯乳液。
4. 一种印花用涂料,其特征在于:包括以下质量份数的组分:
权利要求1或2所述聚氨酯乳液或权利要求3制备的聚氨酯乳液100份
成膜助剂3-6份
谷糠包覆体40-60份
所述谷糠包覆体由以下质量份数的组分组成:
谷糠100份
抗氧化剂2-5份
聚乙烯醇10-20份
乙烯基树脂10-20份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的印花用涂料,其特征在于:所述谷糠包覆体的制备方法如下:将谷糠升温至70-80℃,在70-80℃下搅拌30-60min,接着升温至140-150℃,加入抗氧化剂和乙烯基树脂,在140-150℃下搅拌2-4h,得到谷糠包覆体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的印花用涂料,其特征在于:所述抗氧化剂为丁基羟基茴香醚和柠檬酸按照质量比为1:(0.01-0.1)组合。
7.根据权利要求4-6任一所述的印花用涂料,其特征在于:所述谷糠的粒径为200-400目。
8.根据权利要求4-6任一所述的印花用涂料,其特征在于:所述谷糠包覆体的添加量为50-60份。
9.一种印花用涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):先将权利要求1或2所述聚氨酯乳液或权利要求3制备的聚氨酯乳液总质量的60-70和谷糠包覆体混匀,接着升温至40-50℃,研磨20-40min,得到色浆;
步骤(2),将成膜助剂和剩余的聚氨酯乳液加入色浆中,搅拌均匀,获得印花用涂料。
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