CN114009870A - 一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服 - Google Patents

一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服 Download PDF

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CN114009870A
CN114009870A CN202111345318.XA CN202111345318A CN114009870A CN 114009870 A CN114009870 A CN 114009870A CN 202111345318 A CN202111345318 A CN 202111345318A CN 114009870 A CN114009870 A CN 114009870A
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water
repellent
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layer fabric
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陈岩
吴昆明
张传贵
刘祥祥
李伟
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Gaofan Zhejiang Information Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，属于羽绒服技术领域，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；所述外层面料由坯布层、内置层复合而成，且坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层；所述内层面料由经过去污整理液处理后的棉布层和纳米防水层复合而成；所述羽绒填充层包括由至少两层拒水羽绒和至少三层内衬网格状纤维组成。本发明纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，通过外层面料、内层面料和羽绒填充层，使得本发明的羽绒服拥有拒水、防污、阻燃、抗静电、透气、耐酸碱等功能，相比较普通的羽绒服性能更为优异，适用于冬季户外工作穿着使用。

Description

一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服
技术领域
本发明属于羽绒服技术领域，具体涉及一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服。
背景技术
市场上出现拒水羽绒服，是将羽绒服面料进行拒水整理。传统的纺织品拒水整理方法，主要使用含氟整理剂通过降低织物表面自由能从而达到拒水的目的，但该类整理剂价格昂贵，并且有机氟具有一定的生物毒性，对人的身体和环境存在潜在危害。有机氟整理织物后，虽然能够显著降低织物表面能，但不能提高织物表面微观粗糙度，难以达到长期拒水的要求。
为了维护社会基本需求，在寒冷天气时在户外仍然有部分人员需要坚守岗位，例如消防员、交警、民警等执法人员以及电力、供水、供气、环卫工人在冬季低温环境下，对服装的保暖性以及穿着舒适性有着更高的要求及考验，寒冷天气在户外执勤时为了保障社会需求，维持人们的生命财产安全，一件优质的防水、防污的工作服十分必要。因此，提出一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种设计合理的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
本发明提供了一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；
所述外层面料由坯布层、内置层复合而成，且坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层；
所述内层面料由经过去污整理液处理后的棉布层和纳米防水层复合而成；
所述羽绒填充层包括由至少两层拒水羽绒和至少三层内衬网格状纤维组成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述羽绒工作服的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)外层面料：将坯布层、内置层涂布粘接胶且热粘压制后，采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜纳米拒水镀层在坯布层上，获得外层面料；
(2)内层面料：在聚四氟乙烯膜原料中加入纳米膨胀石墨、微米级氯化钙粉末，高温处理后拉伸获得纳米防水层，然后趁热将经过去污整理液处理后的棉布层热压至纳米防水层上获得内层面料；
(3)羽绒填充层：将羽绒经过拒水处理后，将拒水羽绒均匀铺设于内衬纤维上，再依次向其表面均匀铺设内衬纤维丝线和另一层羽绒，重复2次以上形成羽绒填充层；
(4)羽绒服的制备：将羽绒填充层置于外层面料的内置层和内层面料的纳米防水层之间，压线缝制后形成羽绒服。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述坯布层高密尼丝纺、高密春亚纺和高密涤塔纺中的一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进，按重量份数计，所述纳米拒水镀层由1-5份纳米二氧化钛、20-30份硬脂酸铝组成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述内置层由改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合获得。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维的制备步骤具体为：将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤(2)的纳米防水层制备具体步骤为：将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和微米级氯化钙粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得部分氯化钙粉末与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤(2)中的去污整理液由羟乙基纤维素和单硬脂酸甘油酯按质量比1：1的混合物，以100-120g/L溶解在温水中制成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤(3)中拒水处理具体为：将由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠、硫酸铝和分散剂组成的混合物，以40-80g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，加入聚乙烯醇纤维，搅拌后制得防水整理液，将羽绒浸泡在防水整理液中，超声搅拌后捞出烘干获得拒水羽绒。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，采用纳米拒水镀层、坯布层、内置层，具有拒水透气的优异效果，在暴露于环境的外层采用纳米拒水镀层与美观的坯布复合，还能增加其拒水效果，内置层采用改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合，可耐极低温，聚酰亚胺是自熄性聚合物，发烟率低，可以起到良好的阻燃效果，在于人体接触的内层采用棉布层和纳米防水层复合，使得内层面料既防水又透气，减少静电还能同时增加舒适感；针对于内层羽绒，将羽绒经过防水整理液处理，在拒水的同时起到一定的蓬松，抑菌效果。通过外层面料、内层面料和羽绒填充层，使得本发明的羽绒服拥有拒水、防污、阻燃、抗静电、透气、耐酸碱等功能，相比较普通的羽绒服性能更为优异，适用于冬季户外工作穿着使用。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
本实施例中的纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；羽绒工作服的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗30min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍20min，再放入温度为800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40min，最后放入400℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合获得内置层，再将高密尼丝纺、内置层涂布粘接胶且热粘压制后，放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有5份纳米二氧化钛、20份硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密尼丝纺上，在高密尼丝纺的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，获得外层面料；
(2)内层面料：将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和微米级氯化钙粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得部分氯化钙粉末与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层，然后趁热将经过由羟乙基纤维素和单硬脂酸甘油酯按质量比1：1的混合物，以100g/L溶解在温水中制成的去污整理液，去污处理后的棉布层热压至纳米防水层上获得内层面料；
(3)羽绒填充层：将由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠、硫酸铝和分散剂组成的混合物，以40g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，加入聚乙烯醇纤维，搅拌后制得防水整理液，将羽绒浸泡在防水整理液中，超声搅拌后捞出烘干获得拒水羽绒，将拒水羽绒均匀铺设于内衬纤维上，再依次向其表面均匀铺设内衬纤维丝线和另一层羽绒，重复3次形成羽绒填充层；
(4)羽绒服的制备：将羽绒填充层置于外层面料的内置层和内层面料的纳米防水层之间，压线缝制后形成羽绒服。
实施例2
本实施例中的纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；羽绒工作服的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍30min，再放入温度为600℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理60min，最后放入500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合获得内置层，再将高密春亚纺、内置层涂布粘接胶且热粘压制后，放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有3份纳米二氧化钛、20份硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密春亚纺上，在高密春亚纺的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，获得外层面料；
(2)内层面料：将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和微米级氯化钙粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得部分氯化钙粉末与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层，然后趁热将经过由羟乙基纤维素和单硬脂酸甘油酯按质量比1：1的混合物，以120g/L溶解在温水中制成的去污整理液，去污处理后的棉布层热压至纳米防水层上获得内层面料；
(3)羽绒填充层：将由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠、硫酸铝和分散剂组成的混合物，以80g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，加入聚乙烯醇纤维，搅拌后制得防水整理液，将羽绒浸泡在防水整理液中，超声搅拌后捞出烘干获得拒水羽绒，将拒水羽绒均匀铺设于内衬纤维上，再依次向其表面均匀铺设内衬纤维丝线和另一层羽绒，重复3次形成羽绒填充层；
(4)羽绒服的制备：将羽绒填充层置于外层面料的内置层和内层面料的纳米防水层之间，压线缝制后形成羽绒服。
实施例3
本实施例中的纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；羽绒工作服的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍30min，再放入温度为600℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理60min，最后放入400℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合获得内置层，再将高密涤塔纺、内置层涂布粘接胶且热粘压制后，放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有1份纳米二氧化钛、30份硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密涤塔纺上，在高密涤塔纺的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，获得外层面料；
(2)内层面料：将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和微米级氯化钙粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得部分氯化钙粉末与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层，然后趁热将经过由羟乙基纤维素和单硬脂酸甘油酯按质量比1：1的混合物，以120g/L溶解在温水中制成的去污整理液，去污处理后的棉布层热压至纳米防水层上获得内层面料；
(3)羽绒填充层：将由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠、硫酸铝和分散剂组成的混合物，以80g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，加入聚乙烯醇纤维，搅拌后制得防水整理液，将羽绒浸泡在防水整理液中，超声搅拌后捞出烘干获得拒水羽绒，将拒水羽绒均匀铺设于内衬纤维上，再依次向其表面均匀铺设内衬纤维丝线和另一层羽绒，重复3次形成羽绒填充层；
(4)羽绒服的制备：将羽绒填充层置于外层面料的内置层和内层面料的纳米防水层之间，压线缝制后形成羽绒服。
对比例1
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，外层面料由坯布层为基材，坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层，其余内层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例2
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，外层面料由坯布层和棉纤维复合，坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层，其余内层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例3
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，外层面料由坯布层、内置层复合而成，且坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层，纳米拒水镀层采用纳米钛氟颗粒镀膜在坯布层上，其余内层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例4
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，内层面料为未经过处理的棉布层和纳米防水层复合，其余外层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例5
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，内层面料中纳米防水层制备时不加入微米级氯化钙粉末，其余外层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例6
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，内层面料中纳米防水层制备时不加入纳米膨胀石墨，其余外层面料与羽绒填充层以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例7
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，羽绒填充层中的羽绒未经过防水处理，其余外层面料、内层面料以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
对比例8
本对比例中的羽绒工作服，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层，其中，羽绒填充层中的羽绒经过防水处理时，防水整理液中不加入聚乙烯醇纤维，其余外层面料、内层面料以及羽绒服制备与实施例2相同。
为了验证本发明的效果，将实施例和对比例制备而成的面料和羽绒以及羽绒服作为样品，进行如下试验。
1、使用OCA 40型视频接触角测量仪进行接触角测试，水量为6μl，当水滴与面料接触60s后读数。在同一样品的不同位置测量5次，取平均值，接触角越大，拒水性越好，对外层面料接触环境面和内层面料非接触皮肤面分别进行接触角检测；取外层面料和内层面料相同面积样品，抗静电性能以面料表面的比电阻Rs(每平方单位试样对应边间的电阻)来表示。结果如表1所示。
Figure BDA0003353796640000071
通过上表可以看出，外层面料的表面拒水效果主要是由纳米拒水镀层存在，通过实施例1-3和对比例3可看出，采用纳米二氧化钛和硬脂酸铝作为拒水主要成分，其拒水效果接近现有氟类拒水剂，而且实施例1-3外层面料的抗静电性能均优于对比例3，通过对比例1-3可看出，改性聚酰亚胺纤维的存在是影响抗静电性能的关键；内层面料的表面拒水效果主要是纳米防水层，并且通过对比例4-6可看出，纳米防水层也对内层面料的抗静电性能产生影响。
2、羽绒蓬松度检测方法为：从经过蓬松处理后的样品中抽取约30g试样，在70℃烘箱中烘干45min，然后将试样抖入前处理箱中，在温度18-22℃、空气相对湿度63-67％的环境中静置24h；称取试样28.5g，抖入国标蓬松度计内，搅拌均匀并铺平后，使铝压板轻轻置于样品上，任其自然下落，停止后静止1min，记录蓬松度计筒壁两侧刻度。结果如表2所示。
Figure BDA0003353796640000072
通过上表可以看出，本发明羽绒服中的拒水羽绒蓬松度效果优异，说明该羽绒服的保暖性能和透气性能好，而且在浸泡20次后仍然能表达较为优异的蓬松效果，通过对比例7和对比例8可看出，羽绒未经过防水处理，蓬松度效果极差，同时防水整理液中不加入聚乙烯醇纤维导致与羽绒粘合性差，蓬松度持久性能差。
3、测量相同厚度羽绒服样品的质量；将玻璃杯中放满60℃的水，且在玻璃杯中放入温度传感装置，再将玻璃杯包裹在羽绒服样品中，将其置入0℃的环境中，30分钟后读取温度读数，温度越高，保暖性能越好。结果如表3所示。
Figure BDA0003353796640000081
通过上表可以看出，本发明羽绒服的保暖性能优异，虽然添加不同的功能层回导致羽绒服重量加重，但是相对应的保暖、抗静电、拒水等方面性能提升。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，包括外层面料、内层面料，以及设于外层面料、内层面料之间的羽绒填充层；
所述外层面料由坯布层、内置层复合而成，且坯布层表面设有纳米拒水镀层；
所述内层面料由经过去污整理液处理后的棉布层和纳米防水层复合而成；
所述羽绒填充层包括由至少两层拒水羽绒和至少三层内衬网格状纤维组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述羽绒工作服的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)外层面料：将坯布层、内置层涂布粘接胶且热粘压制后，采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜纳米拒水镀层在坯布层上，获得外层面料；
(2)内层面料：在聚四氟乙烯膜原料中加入纳米膨胀石墨、微米级氯化钙粉末，高温处理后拉伸获得纳米防水层，然后趁热将经过去污整理液处理后的棉布层热压至纳米防水层上获得内层面料；
(3)羽绒填充层：将羽绒经过拒水处理后，将拒水羽绒均匀铺设于内衬纤维上，再依次向其表面均匀铺设内衬纤维丝线和另一层羽绒，重复2次以上形成羽绒填充层；
(4)羽绒服的制备：将羽绒填充层置于外层面料的内置层和内层面料的纳米防水层之间，压线缝制后形成羽绒服。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述坯布层高密尼丝纺、高密春亚纺和高密涤塔纺中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，按重量份数计，所述纳米拒水镀层由1-5份纳米二氧化钛、20-30份硬脂酸铝组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述内置层由改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维复合获得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维的制备步骤具体为：将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)的纳米防水层制备具体步骤为：将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和微米级氯化钙粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得部分氯化钙粉末与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中的去污整理液由羟乙基纤维素和单硬脂酸甘油酯按质量比1：1的混合物，以100-120g/L溶解在温水中制成。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种纳米拒水防污羽绒工作服，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中拒水处理具体为：将由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠、硫酸铝和分散剂组成的混合物，以40-80g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，加入聚乙烯醇纤维，搅拌后制得防水整理液，将羽绒浸泡在防水整理液中，超声搅拌后捞出烘干获得拒水羽绒。
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