CN113910701A - 一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113910701A
CN113910701A CN202111300685.8A CN202111300685A CN113910701A CN 113910701 A CN113910701 A CN 113910701A CN 202111300685 A CN202111300685 A CN 202111300685A CN 113910701 A CN113910701 A CN 113910701A
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陈岩
吴昆明
刘汉春
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Gaofan Zhejiang Information Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种真空纳米防水透气面料，属于面料技术领域，包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，所述内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，所述纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上，所述内置层由改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过拒水整理液处理后纺织获得。本发明采用内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层复合，在具备优异防水透气的效果还具有一定的柔软度，同时还使得面料具备抗静电、抑菌、阻燃效果。

Description

一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于面料技术领域，具体涉及一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用。
背景技术
面料从手工生产到机械生产，其中设备的进步和材料技术的发展都使服装材料面料不断的更新换代，随着科学技术的发展，纺织品渐渐拥有了防水、防蛀、防缩、防污和阻燃等性能，从而为服装增添了许多新功能，可以适应于不同的环境。
现有技术中的面料在部分保持原有的面料特性的同时，又能够防水、防油、防污及其他脏物，技术大致可以分为三种：一是通过纤维遇水膨胀来实现防水，但是在长期使用后存在面料柔软性变差、透气性下降、舒适性变差，难以成为市场的主流；二是通过涂层来实现防水，由于其防水透湿性能较差，遇高温变硬、老化，严重污垢无法彻底洗净，涂层容易产生开裂，市场占有率正在逐步的减少；三是通过层压防水膜来实现防水，利用聚四氟乙烯与织物进行复合层压，通过层压后，面料的悬垂性、透气性、柔软性、贴身性和轻便性有一定的损失。因此，提出一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种设计合理的一种真空纳米防水透气面料及其应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
本发明提供了一种真空纳米防水透气面料，包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，所述内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，所述纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上，所述内置层由改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过拒水整理液处理后纺织获得。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述纳米防水层是在聚四氟乙烯膜原料中加入纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，利用在拉伸过程中纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末与正在定型的聚四氟乙烯膜基体结合。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述纳米拒水镀层是纳米钛氟颗粒、纳米二氧化钛、硬脂酸铝组合物。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维由普通聚酰亚胺依次经过酸洗、催化剂浸渍、碳化处理、活化处理后获得。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述拒水整理液的制备步骤为：将拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述拒水剂的主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，真空纳米防水透气面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过拒水整理液处理后纺织获得内置层；
(2)将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末分解与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层；
(3)将内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，获得半成品面料；
(4)将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，采用真空镀膜的方式，在纳米防水层的表面上镀上至少一层纳米拒水镀层，获得成品面料。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维的制备步骤具体为：将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维。
本发明还提供了一种上述真空纳米防水透气面料在制备消防服或防静电服装中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明真空纳米防水透气面料，从内到外依次包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上，内置层采用棉纤维和改性聚酰亚胺纤维复合纺织，在使得其具备优异防水透气的效果还具有一定的柔软度，而且采用聚酰亚胺纤维复合进面料中，可以增加面料的抗静电功能，本发明中采用的纳米拒水层，聚四氟乙烯膜原料中加入纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，利用在拉伸过程中纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末与正在定型的聚四氟乙烯膜基体结合，碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末受热分解，一部分与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，增加透气功能，同时含有的纳米膨胀石墨和铁元素，具有阻燃、抗静电以及抗磁性的效果；本发明还采用纳米拒水镀层还对面料进行拒水处理，增加其拒水效果，且在拒水的同时起到一定的抑菌效果，适用于消防、防静电工作人员穿着。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
本实施例中一种真空纳米防水透气面料，从内到外依次包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
真空纳米防水透气面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)制备内置层
a、将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用浓度百分比为10-15％的水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用浓度百分比为2-5％的氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，捞出沥干再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维；
b、将主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成的拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中；
c、将拒水整理液处理后的改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过纺织机纺织获得内置层。
(2)制备纳米防水层
将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，以聚四氟乙烯料粒原料用量为参照，再加入2％纳米膨胀石墨和1％粒径为1-10微米的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末一部分与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层；
(3)将内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材的两面，获得半成品面料；
(4)真空镀层
将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有纳米钛氟颗粒、纳米二氧化钛、硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在纳米防水层上，在纳米防水层的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，完成成品面料。
对比例1
本对比例中的面料，从内到外依次包括布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，纳米防水层通过热压复合在布料基材表面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)制备纳米防水层
将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，以聚四氟乙烯料粒原料用量为参照，再加入2％纳米膨胀石墨和1％粒径为1-10微米的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末一部分与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层；
(2)将纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材的表面，获得半成品面料；
(3)真空镀层
将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有纳米钛氟颗粒、纳米二氧化钛、硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在纳米防水层上，在纳米防水层的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，完成成品面料。
对比例2
本对比例中的面料，从内到外依次包括布料基材、纳米拒水镀层，内置层通过热压复合在布料基材表面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在布料基材上；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)制备内置层
a、将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用浓度百分比为10-15％的水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用浓度百分比为2-5％的氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，捞出沥干再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维；
b、将主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成的拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中；
c、将拒水整理液处理后的改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过纺织机纺织获得内置层。
(2)将内置层通过热压复合在布料基材的表面，获得半成品面料；
(3)真空镀层
将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有纳米钛氟颗粒、纳米二氧化钛、硬脂酸铝组合物的工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在布料基材上，在布料基材的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，完成成品面料。
对比例3
本对比例中的面料，从内到外依次包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层，内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)制备内置层
a、将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用浓度百分比为10-15％的水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用浓度百分比为2-5％的氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，捞出沥干再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维；
b、将主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成的拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中；
c、将拒水整理液处理后的改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过纺织机纺织获得内置层。
(2)制备纳米防水层
将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，以聚四氟乙烯料粒原料用量为参照，再加入2％纳米膨胀石墨和1％粒径为1-10微米的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末一部分与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层；
(3)将内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材的两面，获得成品面料；对比例4
本对比例中的面料，从内到外依次包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)制备内置层
a、将主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成的拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将普通聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中；
b、将拒水整理液处理后的普通聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过纺织机纺织获得内置层。
其余步骤同实施例1。
对比例5
本对比例中的面料，从内到外依次包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上；
布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
面料的制备步骤如下：步骤(1)-(3)同实施例1。
(4)真空镀层
将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有CF4、CF3官能基的有机物与纳米银离子工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在纳米防水层上，在纳米防水层的表面上镀上一层纳米拒水镀层，完成成品面料。
为了验证本发明的效果，对实施例和对比例进行如下实验。
1、针对实施例1和对比例1-5制备而成的面料，使用OCA 40型视频接触角测量仪进行接触角测试，水量为6μl，当水滴与面料接触60s后读数。在同一样品的不同位置测量5次，取平均值，接触角越大，拒水性越好。对面料的两面分别进行接触角检测。结果如下表1所示。
2、针对实施例1和对比例1-5制备而成的面料，取0.25m2相同面积测量其重量，采用人感官对其内面柔软度进行测量，从硬到软，指数为0-10；取相同面积大小的样品放入带有菌液(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌)的培养基内，放置一周后，测量其抑菌圈直径；结果如下表1所示。
Figure BDA0003338249610000071
3、针对实施例1和对比例1-5制备而成的面料，取相同面积样品，抗静电性能以面料表面的比电阻Rs(每平方单位试样对应边间的电阻)来表示；采用GB/T 5455-2014《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直法》在面料外层进行阻燃性测试。具体结果如下表2。
Figure BDA0003338249610000072
Figure BDA0003338249610000081
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，包括内置层、布料基材、纳米防水层、纳米拒水镀层，所述内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，所述纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在纳米防水层上，所述内置层由改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过拒水整理液处理后纺织获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述布料基材为聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、再生纤维中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述纳米防水层是在聚四氟乙烯膜原料中加入纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，利用在拉伸过程中纳米膨胀石墨、碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末与正在定型的聚四氟乙烯膜基体结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述纳米拒水镀层是纳米钛氟颗粒、纳米二氧化钛、硬脂酸铝组合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维由普通聚酰亚胺依次经过酸洗、催化剂浸渍、碳化处理、活化处理后获得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述拒水整理液的制备步骤为：将拒水剂以50-70g/L溶解在水中搅拌均匀，制得拒水整理液，将拒水整理液加入浸轧槽中，再将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维浸没在其中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述拒水剂的主要成分由纳米二氧化硅、硬脂酸钠和硫酸铝组成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，真空纳米防水透气面料的制备步骤如下：
(1)将改性聚酰亚胺纤维和棉纤维经过拒水整理液处理后纺织获得内置层；
(2)将聚四氟乙烯料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入纳米膨胀石墨和碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末，按常规成膜方式生产出聚四氟乙烯薄膜，并且卷覆成聚四氟乙烯料卷，将聚四氟乙烯料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，使得碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末分解与聚四氟乙烯膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸亚铁颗粒粉末所在位置局部形成微孔，获得纳米防水层；
(3)将内置层和纳米防水层分别通过热压复合在布料基材两面，获得半成品面料；
(4)将半成品面料放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，采用真空镀膜的方式，在纳米防水层的表面上镀上至少一层纳米拒水镀层，获得成品面料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种真空纳米防水透气面料，其特征在于，所述改性聚酰亚胺纤维的制备步骤具体为：将普通聚酰亚胺纤维采用水杨酸进行酸洗20-30min，然后捞出沥干采用氯化铵催化浸渍20-30min，再放入温度为600-800℃且氮气环境的连续碳化炉中热处理40-60min，最后放入400-500℃水蒸气活化炉中加热处理20-30min，获得改性聚酰亚胺纤维。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的真空纳米防水透气面料在制备消防服或防静电服装中的应用。
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