CN114001550A - Smelting device and method for industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Smelting device and method for industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114001550A CN114001550A CN202111121139.8A CN202111121139A CN114001550A CN 114001550 A CN114001550 A CN 114001550A CN 202111121139 A CN202111121139 A CN 202111121139A CN 114001550 A CN114001550 A CN 114001550A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
- C22C27/025—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum alloys based on vanadium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/0837—Cooling arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/0881—Two or more crucibles
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vanadium alloy production devices, and discloses a smelting device and a smelting method for industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy. The smelting device comprises a graphite crucible base, a first graphite crucible and a second graphite crucible which are detachably connected in sequence from bottom to top; the graphite crucible base is of a convex cylindrical structure; the first graphite crucible comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, two side edges of each hollow semi-cylinder are provided with stepped occlusion parts, and the two semi-cylinders can be occluded and spliced end to form a hollow cylinder structure through the stepped occlusion parts; the second graphite crucible is of a hollow cylinder structure. The smelting device is concise and easy to maintain, has the characteristics of good smelting effect and convenient furnace dismantling, meets the production requirements of factories, is concise and convenient to operate, can adapt to the existing vanadium-aluminum alloy process, can shorten the cooling time, improve the product percent of pass, reduce the loss caused by furnace dismantling damage, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vanadium alloy production devices, in particular to a smelting device and a smelting method for industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy.
Background
The vanadium-aluminum alloy is a main intermediate alloy of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V for preparing airplane frameworks and engines, vanadium in the titanium alloy is added in a vanadium-aluminum alloy form, and China mainly adopts vanadium-aluminum alloy to prepare Ti-6 Al-4V. The vanadium-aluminum alloy and the metal titanium are remelted to prepare the vanadium-titanium-containing alloy, and the quality of the vanadium-titanium-containing alloy directly influences the performance of the titanium alloy for aerospace.
Most of vanadium-aluminum alloy adopts self-propagating combustion reaction of vanadium flakes and aluminum particles, and corundum dry knotting straight-tube furnaces are adopted for smelting, so that the furnaces are slow in temperature reduction and serious in oxidation and nitridation; the graphite crucible straight barrel furnace is adopted for smelting, the temperature reduction is relatively accelerated, the oxidation and nitridation are reduced to a certain extent, but after the graphite crucible is smelted by 3 furnaces, the furnace dismantling operation becomes difficult, the graphite crucible is very easy to damage, and the production cost is increased.
The domestic industrial alloy smelting device mainly comprises corundum dry knotting, magnesia wet knotting and a straight graphite crucible. Patent application CN 201520341731.2 "a cooling device for aluminum alloy products" which can remove harmful fumes and collect waste water generated during cooling. The device takes away heat through cooling water, is simple to operate, is convenient to use, and is suitable for cooling in the processing process of aluminum alloy products. Patent application CN201510075546.8 "vanadium-aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof" relates to a preparation method of vanadium-aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps: taking vanadium pentoxide and aluminum as raw materials, igniting and carrying out reduction reaction to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy; the graphite crucible with a cover with holes and the whole inner wall coated with the fused magnesia fire clay is used as a smelting furnace. Patent application CN 201710561632.9 "a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy" relates to a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy, and provides a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy with simple process, low cost, easily controlled impurities and low content, which comprises the following steps: taking vanadium-containing oxide and aluminum powder with proper vanadium oxide molar ratio, placing the vanadium-containing oxide and the aluminum powder in a reaction furnace, igniting by an igniter to carry out aluminothermic reduction reaction, and obtaining the vanadium-aluminum alloy. Patent application CN 201810228430.7 "a method for producing vanadium-aluminum alloy" provides a method for improving the yield and quality of vanadium-aluminum alloy, reducing the impurity content of vanadium-aluminum alloy, enlarging the production scale and reducing the cost, which comprises: adding a first batch of vanadium pentoxide and aluminum into a graphite crucible with a drilling hole cover, igniting to perform an aluminothermic reduction reaction, after the reaction is completed, sequentially adding a subsequent batch of vanadium pentoxide and aluminum, respectively performing the aluminothermic reduction reaction until the vanadium pentoxide and the aluminum are completely added and react completely, and separating slag from gold to obtain the vanadium-aluminum alloy. Patent application CN 201911144319.0 "a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy and a reactor" provides a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy and a reactor, the method comprises: 1) mixing a vanadium source, an aluminum source and a slag former to obtain a mixed material; 2) heating the mixed material to obtain a reaction product; 3) and cooling the reaction product under the condition of vacuumizing or introducing protective gas to obtain the vanadium-aluminum alloy.
According to the disclosed technology, the existing one-step preparation device for vanadium-aluminum alloy is mainly a straight-tube furnace, mixed raw materials are added into a crucible, and the mixed raw materials are added in batches for smelting. After the smelting is finished and cooled, the difficulty exists in separating the alloy from the graphite crucible, and the more the number of smelting times of the graphite crucible is, the more the furnace is inconvenient to disassemble.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of difficult separation of alloy and a graphite crucible, inconvenient furnace disassembly, severe crucible loss, high smelting cost and short service life of a smelting furnace after the vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting is finished in the prior art, and provides a smelting device and a method for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy, which comprises a graphite crucible base, a first graphite crucible and a second graphite crucible, wherein the graphite crucible base, the first graphite crucible and the second graphite crucible are detachably connected in sequence from bottom to top;
the graphite crucible base is of a convex cylindrical structure;
the first graphite crucible comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, two side edges of each hollow semi-cylinder are provided with stepped occlusion parts, and the two semi-cylinders can be occluded and spliced end to form a hollow cylinder structure through the stepped occlusion parts;
the second graphite crucible is of a hollow cylinder structure.
Preferably, the stepped engaging portion of one side edge has an inner concave portion and an outer convex portion, and the stepped engaging portion of the other side edge has an inner convex portion and an outer concave portion.
Preferably, the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base is the same as the inner radius of the first graphite crucible and the inner radius of the second graphite crucible, and the radius of the bottom surface of the graphite crucible base is the same as the outer radius of the first graphite crucible and the outer radius of the second graphite crucible.
Preferably, the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base is 100-500 mm;
preferably, the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base is 150-400 mm.
Preferably, the difference between the radius of the bottom surface of the graphite crucible base and the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base is 40-100 mm.
Preferably, the height of the first graphite crucible is the same as the height of the second graphite crucible;
preferably, the ratio of the height of the first graphite crucible to the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base is 1-8: 1;
preferably, the height of the graphite crucible base is 40-100 mm.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy, which is implemented by adopting the smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible on the graphite crucible base and meshing the first graphite crucible with the first graphite crucible, and then placing a second graphite crucible on the first graphite crucible;
(2) pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, igniting and carrying out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to a preset temperature, disassembling the furnace to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product vanadium-aluminum alloy;
wherein the mixture contains vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the vanadium pentoxide to the aluminum particles in the mixture is 10: 7.4-9.2.
The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy is concise and easy to maintain, has the characteristics of good smelting effect and convenient furnace disassembly, meets the production requirements of factories, is concise and convenient to operate, can adapt to the existing vanadium-aluminum alloy process, can shorten the cooling time, improve the product qualification rate, reduce the loss caused by furnace disassembly damage, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a smelting device for industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a graphite crucible base;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first graphite crucible;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second graphite crucible.
Description of the reference numerals
1 graphite crucible base 2 first graphite crucible
3 second graphite crucible 21 first hollow semi-cylinder
22 second hollow semi-cylinder
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
On one hand, the invention provides a smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy, the schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, wherein 1A is a front view, 1B is a cross-sectional diagram, and the smelting device comprises a graphite crucible base 1, a first graphite crucible 2 and a second graphite crucible 3 which are detachably connected in sequence from bottom to top;
the graphite crucible base 1 is of a convex cylindrical structure;
the first graphite crucible 2 comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, two side edges of each hollow semi-cylinder are provided with stepped occlusion parts, and the two semi-cylinders can be occluded and spliced end to form a hollow cylinder structure through the stepped occlusion parts;
the second graphite crucible 3 is of a hollow cylindrical structure.
In the present invention, the graphite crucible base 1 is a convex cylindrical structure, and the schematic view of the graphite crucible base 1 is shown in fig. 2, in which the front view is shown in fig. 2A, and the top view is shown in fig. 2B. The convex cylinder structure is composed of a cylinder bottom with a larger radius and a cylinder convex part with a smaller radius.
In a preferred embodiment, the radius (R1) of the top surface of the graphite crucible base 1 is 100-500 mm;
in a preferred embodiment, the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base 1 is 150-400 mm.
Further preferably, the difference between the radius of the bottom surface of the graphite crucible base 1 (R2) and the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base 1 is 40-100 mm.
In the present invention, a schematic view of the first graphite crucible 2 is shown in fig. 3, wherein fig. 3A is a front view and fig. 3B is a top view, and the first graphite crucible 2 includes a first hollow semi-cylinder 21 and a second hollow semi-cylinder 22.
In the invention, the first graphite crucible 2 comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, and because the two hollow semi-cylinders have the same structure, if one hollow semi-cylinder is damaged in the industrial smelting process, a new hollow semi-cylinder can be assembled with the other hollow semi-cylinder which is not damaged, the whole first graphite crucible does not need to be replaced, and the cost can be saved.
In a preferred embodiment, the stepped bite of one side of each of the hollow semi-cylinders has an inner concave portion and an outer convex portion, and the stepped bite of the other side has an inner convex portion and an outer concave portion.
In a preferred embodiment, the projections and depressions of the medial depression, lateral projection, medial projection and lateral depression are the same size. Further preferably, the length and width of the convex and concave portions are the same as the thickness (D) of the hollow semi-cylindrical body, that is, the same as the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius of the first graphite crucible 2.
In a specific embodiment, the installation can be completed by inserting the outer protrusion of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into the outer recess of the second hollow semi-cylinder, inserting the inner protrusion of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into the inner recess of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21, inserting the inner protrusion of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into the inner recess of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22, inserting the outer protrusion of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into the outer recess of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 so that the two semi-cylinders are engaged and spliced into a hollow cylindrical structure. Because the two hollow semi-cylinders are installed in an inserting and meshing mode, compared with the traditional simple splicing mode, the invention reduces gaps, and can prevent the leakage and the loss of materials in the smelting process on the premise of ensuring the convenience of disassembling the furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, the first graphite crucible 2 further has "ears" connected to the outer protrusions and the outer depressions. Further preferably, the length of the ear is twice the thickness of the hollow semi-cylinder.
In a preferred embodiment, the top radius (R1) of the graphite crucible base 1 is the same as the inner radius (R3) of the first graphite crucible 2 and the inner radius (R5) of the second graphite crucible 3, and the bottom radius (R2) of the graphite crucible base 1 is the same as the outer radius (R4) of the first graphite crucible 2 and the outer radius (R6) of the second graphite crucible 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the height (H3) of the first graphite crucible 2 is the same as the height (H4) of the second graphite crucible 3;
further preferably, the ratio of the height (H3) of the first graphite crucible 2 to the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base 1 is 1-8: 1.
Preferably, the height (H2) of the graphite crucible base 1 is 40-100mm, wherein the height H1 of the bottom of the cylinder with larger radius is 10-30 mm.
In the present invention, a schematic view of the second graphite crucible 3 is shown in FIG. 4, in which FIG. 4A is a front view and FIG. 4B is a plan view.
In the invention, the smelting device for the industrial smelting of the vanadium-aluminum alloy can be sequentially installed from bottom to top when in use. Specifically, the specific process of installing the smelting device for industrially smelting the vanadium-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: a first graphite crucible 2 is placed on a graphite crucible base 1, two identical semi-cylinders of the first graphite crucible 2 are meshed and spliced into a hollow cylinder structure head and tail through stepped meshing parts, and then a second graphite crucible 3 is placed on the first graphite crucible 2.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy, which is implemented by adopting the smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base 1 on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible 2 on the graphite crucible base 1 and carrying out occlusion, and then placing a second graphite crucible 3 on the first graphite crucible 2;
(2) pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, igniting and carrying out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to a preset temperature, disassembling the furnace to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product vanadium-aluminum alloy;
wherein the mixture contains vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles.
In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of vanadium pentoxide to aluminium particles in the mix is 10: 7.4-9.2.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset temperature is 100-200 ℃.
The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy is concise and easy to maintain, has the characteristics of good smelting effect and convenient furnace disassembly, meets the production requirements of factories, is concise and convenient to operate, can adapt to the existing vanadium-aluminum alloy process, can shorten the cooling time, improve the product qualification rate, reduce the loss caused by furnace disassembly damage, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The following examples were carried out using the following smelting apparatus for industrially smelting a vanadium-aluminum alloy. The smelting device (shown in figure 1) comprises a graphite crucible base 1, a first graphite crucible 2 and a second graphite crucible 3 which are detachably connected in sequence from bottom to top;
the graphite crucible base 1 is of a convex cylindrical structure, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2, the convex cylindrical structure is composed of a cylindrical bottom with a larger radius and a cylindrical convex part with a smaller radius, the radius of the top surface (R1) of the graphite crucible base 1 is 300mm, the radius of the bottom surface (R2) of the graphite crucible base 1 is 400mm, the height H2 of the graphite crucible base is 100mm, and the height H1 of the bottom of the cylindrical body with a larger radius is 20 mm;
the first graphite crucible 2 comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, the schematic diagram is shown in figure 3, the height H3 of the first graphite crucible 2 is 600mm, the inner radius R3 is 300mm and the outer radius R4 is 400mm, the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 and the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 are respectively, two side edges of each hollow semi-cylinder are provided with step-shaped occlusion parts, the step-shaped occlusion part of one side edge of each hollow semi-cylinder is provided with an inner side depressed part and an outer side protruded part, the step-shaped occlusion part of the other side edge is provided with an inner side protruded part and an outer side depressed part, the sizes of the bulges and the depressions of the inner side depressed part, the outer side raised part, the inner side raised part and the outer side depressed part are the same, the length and width of the convex part and the concave part are the same as the thickness of the hollow semi-cylinders, and the two semi-cylinders can be meshed and spliced end to end through the convex part and the concave part of the stepped meshing part to form a hollow cylinder structure; in the first graphite crucible 2, the outer convex part and the outer concave part are also connected with ears, and the length of the ears is 200 mm;
the second graphite crucible 3 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and as shown in fig. 4, the inner radius R5 of the second graphite crucible 3 is 300mm, the outer radius R6 of the second graphite crucible is 400mm, and the height H4 of the second graphite crucible 3 is 600 mm.
Example 1
The vanadium-aluminum alloy AlV55 is prepared by using the device, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base 1 on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible 2 on the graphite crucible base 1, inserting an outer side convex part of a first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an outer side concave part of a second hollow semi-cylinder, inserting an inner side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an inner side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21, inserting an inner side convex part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an inner side concave part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22, inserting an outer side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an outer side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 to enable the two semi-cylinders to be occluded and spliced into a hollow cylindrical structure, thereby completing installation, and then placing a second graphite crucible 3 on the first graphite crucible 2;
(2) uniformly mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles according to the weight ratio of 10:9, then pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, and igniting the mixture to carry out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) and after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to 150 ℃, disassembling the smelting device to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product of vanadium-aluminum alloy.
The vanadium-aluminum alloy obtained after cooling is smelted by the method, the AlV55 alloy yield is 55.7%, and the furnace is smoothly removed in the smelting process. And performing multiple smelting according to the above manner, wherein the inner wall of the first graphite crucible 2 is gradually corroded after the third smelting, the first graphite crucible 2 is discarded due to the increase of alloy carburization after being used for 20 times, and the furnace can be smoothly disassembled in multiple smelting processes.
Example 2
The vanadium-aluminum alloy AlV55 is prepared by using the device, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base 1 on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible 2 on the graphite crucible base 1, inserting an outer side convex part of a first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an outer side concave part of a second hollow semi-cylinder, inserting an inner side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an inner side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21, inserting an inner side convex part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an inner side concave part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22, inserting an outer side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an outer side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 to enable the two semi-cylinders to be occluded and spliced into a hollow cylindrical structure, thereby completing installation, and then placing a second graphite crucible 3 on the first graphite crucible 2;
(2) uniformly mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles according to the weight ratio of 10:8.8, then pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, igniting the mixture to carry out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) and after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to 130 ℃, disassembling the smelting device to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product of vanadium-aluminum alloy.
The vanadium-aluminum alloy obtained after cooling by using the method has the AlV55 alloy qualification rate of 56.1 percent, and the furnace is smoothly removed in the smelting process. The smelting is carried out for a plurality of times according to the mode, wherein the inner wall of the first graphite crucible 2 is gradually corroded after the fifth smelting, the first graphite crucible 2 is discarded due to the increase of alloy carburization after being used for 22 times, and the furnace can be smoothly disassembled in the smelting process for a plurality of times.
Example 3
The vanadium-aluminum alloy AlV55 is prepared by using the device, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base 1 on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible 2 on the graphite crucible base 1, inserting an outer side convex part of a first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an outer side concave part of a second hollow semi-cylinder, inserting an inner side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an inner side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21, inserting an inner side convex part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 into an inner side concave part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22, inserting an outer side convex part of the second hollow semi-cylinder 22 into an outer side concave part of the first hollow semi-cylinder 21 to enable the two semi-cylinders to be occluded and spliced into a hollow cylindrical structure, thereby completing installation, and then placing a second graphite crucible 3 on the first graphite crucible 2;
(2) uniformly mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles according to the weight ratio of 10:9.2, then pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, igniting the mixture to carry out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) and after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to 140 ℃, disassembling the furnace to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product of vanadium-aluminum alloy.
The vanadium-aluminum alloy obtained after cooling by using the method has the AlV55 alloy qualification rate of 55.6 percent, and the furnace is smoothly removed in the smelting process. And performing multiple smelting according to the above manner, wherein the inner wall of the first graphite crucible 2 is gradually corroded after the fourth smelting, the first graphite crucible 2 is discarded due to the increase of alloy carburization after being used for 30 times, and the furnace can be smoothly disassembled in multiple smelting processes.
Comparative example 1
The same raw materials as in example 1 were used for smelting under the same conditions, except that the first graphite crucible was not included in the smelting apparatus and the second graphite crucible was directly connected to the graphite crucible base.
The vanadium-aluminum alloy obtained after cooling by using the method has the AlV55 alloy qualification rate of 55.8 percent, and is normally disassembled after smelting. And performing multiple times of smelting according to the mode, wherein after the third time of smelting, the inner wall of the second graphite crucible is gradually corroded, and the furnace is difficult to disassemble, and the second graphite crucible is used for 5 times and is mechanically damaged due to the furnace disassembly.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising a graphite crucible base (1), a first graphite crucible (2) and a second graphite crucible (3) which are detachably connected from bottom to top in sequence;
the graphite crucible base (1) is of a convex cylindrical structure;
the first graphite crucible (2) comprises two identical hollow semi-cylinders, two side edges of each hollow semi-cylinder are provided with stepped occlusion parts, and the two semi-cylinders can be occluded and spliced end to form a hollow cylinder structure through the stepped occlusion parts;
the second graphite crucible (3) is of a hollow cylinder structure.
2. The smelting device for the industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the stepped engaging portion of one side edge has an inner concave portion and an outer convex portion, and the stepped engaging portion of the other side edge has an inner convex portion and an outer concave portion.
3. The smelting device for the industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is the same as the inner radius of the first graphite crucible (2) and the inner radius of the second graphite crucible (3), and the radius of the bottom surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is the same as the outer radius of the first graphite crucible (2) and the outer radius of the second graphite crucible (3).
4. The smelting device for the industrial smelting of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is 100-500 mm;
preferably, the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is 150-400 mm.
5. The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the difference between the radius of the bottom surface of the graphite crucible base (1) and the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is 40-100 mm.
6. The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the height of the first graphite crucible (2) is the same as the height of the second graphite crucible (3).
7. The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the ratio of the height of the first graphite crucible (2) to the radius of the top surface of the graphite crucible base (1) is 1-8: 1.
8. The smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the height of the graphite crucible base (1) is 40-100 mm.
9. A method for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy, which is characterized by being implemented by adopting the smelting device for industrially smelting vanadium-aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a smelting device: placing a graphite crucible base (1) on a smelting platform, then placing a first graphite crucible (2) on the graphite crucible base (1) and occluding, and then placing a second graphite crucible (3) on the first graphite crucible (2);
(2) pouring the mixture into an installed smelting device, igniting and carrying out aluminothermic reaction;
(3) after the thermit reaction is finished, transferring the smelting device to a cooling area, when the temperature of the smelting device is reduced to a preset temperature, disassembling the furnace to obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy cake, and then crushing, polishing and selecting to obtain a finished product vanadium-aluminum alloy;
wherein the mixture contains vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particles.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of vanadium pentoxide to aluminum particles in the mix is 10: 7.4-9.2.
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