CN114000061A - Low-chromium ferrite stainless steel with excellent plasticity - Google Patents
Low-chromium ferrite stainless steel with excellent plasticity Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.01-0.03%; mn is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; cr: 12.0-13.0%; n: 0.01-0.03%; b: 0.003 to 0.005 percent; and the content of (C + N) is more than or equal to 0.02 percent and less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the balance of iron and inevitable impurities; the manufacturing method of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel comprises the following steps: (1) smelting according to the chemical components; (2) continuously casting a steel billet; (3) hot rolling; the initial temperature of the hot rolling is 1160-1180 ℃; the coiling temperature after hot rolling is more than 820 ℃; (4) acid washing; (5) cold rolling; (6) annealing and pickling: the annealing temperature is 800-820 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 s. The invention can improve the hot rolling processing performance of the material by the optimized design of chemical components, and the hot rolling temperature and the coiling temperature are improved by more than 20 ℃ compared with the similar conventional material, thereby obviously improving the cold processing plasticity of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stainless steel smelting process, in particular to low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity.
Background
Low and medium chromium ferritic stainless steels such as SUS410, SUS430, and the like are the most common ferritic stainless steels on the market in recent years. The steel grade has the advantages of low cost and excellent stamping performance, is widely applied to industries such as products and the like, particularly has the largest application proportion in the kitchen ware industry, and has ever-increasing market share. Therefore, ferritic stainless steel having low cost and excellent performance is required to be more and more favored in the market.
The low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is positioned in a two-phase structure interval of austenite and ferrite at a high temperature, and the deformation of the two-phase structure is inconsistent due to different high-temperature mechanical properties of the austenite structure and the ferrite structure, and the phase boundary of the two-phase structure is easy to crack, so that the hot workability is poor, and the defects of edge cracking and the like are easy to generate during hot rolling production. Chinese patent application No. 201210020032.9 discloses an economical low-chromium ferrite stainless steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the mass percentages of chemical elements are as follows: c: 0.02-0.035%; mn is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; cr: 14.0-16.0%; n: 0.01-0.03%; b: 0.001-0.002%; v: 0.05-0.1%; 0.04% < (C + N) < 0.06%, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The corrosion resistance, the hot working performance and the mechanical property of the low-chromium ferrite stainless steel are improved by adjusting the component design, so that the hot rolling has no edge crack defect.
In further research on low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, the inventor finds that the cold working formability of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is still to be improved only by considering the problem of hot rolling edge cracking, and the raw material cost is increased due to the fact that the content of elements such as Cr and V in the alloy is high. The requirement of the product industry on the cold processing plasticity of materials is high, and how to improve the cold processing plasticity on the basis of the prior art is the key and difficult point of the research and development technology of the materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel having excellent plasticity.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.01-0.03%; mn is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; cr: 12.0-13.0%; n: 0.01-0.03%; b: 0.003 to 0.005 percent; and the content of (C + N) is more than or equal to 0.02 percent and less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
The method for manufacturing the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting according to the chemical components;
(2) continuously casting a steel billet;
(3) hot rolling; the initial temperature of the hot rolling is 1160-1180 ℃; the coiling temperature after hot rolling is more than 820 ℃;
(4) acid washing;
(5) cold rolling;
(6) annealing and pickling: the annealing temperature is 800-820 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 s;
the process steps are not limited by the process parameters, and all the process parameters are the conventional general process parameters.
In the component design of the invention:
carbon: carbon is an element for increasing the strength of the alloy, and for the technical scheme, the strength is increased while the plasticity and the corrosion resistance of the material cannot be lost, so that the content of the carbon element is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.03 percent by the inventor.
Manganese: in the technical scheme, the manganese element plays a certain beneficial role in improving the strength of the material, but if the manganese element is excessive, the plasticity and the corrosion resistance of the material are reduced, so that the content of the manganese element is controlled to be less than 0.5 percent by the inventor.
Silicon: in the technical scheme, silicon is added as a deoxidizer, but the plasticity of the material is reduced by adding too much silicon, so that the silicon deoxidizer is controlled to be below 0.5 percent by the inventor.
Chromium: chromium is an important element for improving corrosion resistance. In the technical scheme, the inventor finds out through experiments that when the content of the chromium element is lower than 12%, the corrosion resistance of the material is poor, and the use requirement cannot be met. However, if the content exceeds 13%, the manufacturing cost of the alloy increases, and therefore the content is controlled within the range of 12 to 13%.
Nitrogen: in the technical scheme, the nitrogen element can increase the strength of the material, and in order to ensure that the material has excellent plasticity and corrosion resistance, the content of the nitrogen element is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.03%.
Boron: according to the technical scheme, the hot working performance of the material is improved by using boron, the hot rolling temperature and the coiling temperature of the material are increased, and the cold working plasticity of the material is further improved. When the low-chromium ferrite stainless steel is subjected to hot rolling production, boron can prevent low-melting-point compounds such as sulfide and the like from diffusing and separating out to the phase boundary of the two-phase structure, so that the phase boundary bonding force of the two-phase structure is enhanced, and the hot working performance is improved. When the boron content is too low, the improvement effect on the thermal processing performance is not great; however, when the amount is too high, boride having a low melting point precipitates at the phase boundary, and the hot workability is deteriorated. Aiming at the characteristics of the material alloy system, the suitable range of boron is 0.003-0.005%. At the moment, the hot rolling temperature and the curling temperature of the material can be improved by more than 20 ℃ compared with the similar conventional material, so that the cold working plasticity of the material is obviously improved.
Carbon + nitrogen: for the technical scheme, the control of the content of carbon and nitrogen is very critical. The inventor finds out through experiments that for the alloy system of the material related to the technical scheme, when the content of carbon and nitrogen is too low, the production difficulty of the material is increased, and the production cost is increased; and when the carbon and the nitrogen are too high, the hot workability and the cold working plasticity of the material are reduced. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of the material alloy system, the control of C + N is more suitable to be more than or equal to 0.02% and less than or equal to 0.04%, and the aim is to ensure that the stainless steel has excellent hot processing performance and cold processing plasticity and is easy to produce and manufacture.
The impurity elements in the technical scheme are mainly phosphorus element and sulfur element, the contents of the impurity elements are all as low as possible, and the P is required to be less than or equal to 0.04 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.003 percent. The higher content of elemental sulfur therein significantly impairs the hot workability of the material and therefore requires strict control.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the hot rolled product of the ferritic stainless steel, which sequentially comprises the following steps: smelting, continuously casting a billet, hot rolling and pickling to obtain a hot rolled product.
Preferably, in the above method for manufacturing a hot rolled product of a ferritic stainless steel, the smelting step employs an electric furnace-AOD two-step process for smelting.
Preferably, the chemical components are as follows in percentage by weight: 0.012-0.022%; mn: 0.24-0.25%; 0.26 to 0.32 percent of Si; 0.024-0.0.032% of P; 0.002-0.003% of S; cr: 12.5-12.6%; n: 0.011-0.017%; b: 0.0033-0.0035%; and 0.023 percent to (C + N) 0.039 percent. The cold working plasticity is best under the design of the composition.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the cold-rolled product of the ferritic stainless steel, which sequentially comprises the following steps: smelting, continuously casting a steel billet, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing and pickling to obtain a cold-rolled product.
In the method for manufacturing a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel of the present invention, the hot rolling initial temperature is: 1160-1180 ℃; the coiling temperature after hot rolling is more than 820 ℃. When the initial hot rolling temperature is lower than 1160 ℃, the curling temperature is difficult to ensure, and the cold processing plasticity of the material is further lost; when the initial hot rolling temperature is higher than 1180 ℃, hot rolling edge crack defects are easily generated. When the coiling temperature after hot rolling is less than 820 ℃, the excellent cold working plasticity of the material is difficult to ensure.
The annealing temperature (annealing after cold rolling) is as follows: and keeping the temperature at 800-820 ℃ for 10-30 s. When the annealing temperature is less than 800 ℃, the material is difficult to be fully annealed, and the cold processing plasticity of the material is lost. When the annealing temperature is more than 820 ℃, a martensite structure is easily generated in the material, and the cold working plasticity of the material is lost.
According to the technical scheme, no matter the hot rolled product or the cold rolled product is produced, the ferrite stainless steel product produced by the technical scheme is directly subjected to acid pickling processing without annealing processing after hot rolling is finished, so that the production flow is shortened, and the production cost is reduced. In addition, through the optimized design of chemical components, the hot rolling processing performance of the material can be improved, so that the hot rolling temperature and the coiling temperature are improved by more than 20 ℃ compared with the similar conventional material, and the cold processing plasticity of the material can be obviously improved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the conventional low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, the economical low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has the following advantages that:
1. the ferritic stainless steel has excellent hot processing performance and cold processing plasticity, and meets higher requirements of the product industry;
2. the ferrite stainless steel has simple manufacturing process and easy operation, and effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of materials.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example 1:
a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.017%, Si: 0.29%, Mn: 0.28%, P: 0.0028%, S: 0.003%, Cr: 12.4%, N: 0.016%, B: 0.0032%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The manufacturing process of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting the raw materials by adopting an electric furnace-AOD two-step method according to the chemical components;
(2) continuously casting a steel billet: continuously casting the molten steel obtained by smelting into a steel billet, wherein the thickness of the steel billet is 200 mm;
(3) hot rolling; hot rolling the steel slab to a strip steel with the thickness of 3mm, wherein the hot rolling initial temperature is about 1170 ℃, and the hot rolling post-coiling temperature is about 830 ℃;
(4) acid washing;
(5) cold rolling: cold rolling the strip steel after acid washing to 0.5mm thick;
(6) annealing and pickling: the annealing temperature is about 810 ℃, and the holding time is about 20 s.
Examples 2 to 5
Examples 2 to 5 adopt the same smelting method as in example 1, except that the ratio of each component is different, as shown in table 1. Among them, table 1 also shows the composition of SUS410S stainless steel as a comparative example. Table 2 shows the main process parameters of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4.
Table 1 units: weight percent of
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | N | B | C+N | |
| Example 1 | 0.017 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.028 | 0.003 | 12.4 | 0.016 | 0.0032 | 0.033 |
| Example 2 | 0.015 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.027 | 0.001 | 12.5 | 0.019 | 0.0032 | 0.034 |
| Example 3 | 0.022 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.032 | 0.002 | 12.5 | 0.017 | 0.0033 | 0.039 |
| Example 4 | 0.012 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.024 | 0.003 | 12.6 | 0.011 | 0.0035 | 0.023 |
| Example 5 | 0.013 | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.029 | 0.002 | 12.8 | 0.012 | 0.0037 | 0.025 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.025 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 12.5 | 0.022 | 0.0045 | 0.047 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.026 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 12.3 | 0.011 | 0.0018 | 0.037 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.013 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.021 | 0.003 | 12.5 | 0.017 | 0.0063 | 0.030 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.029 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.029 | 0.002 | 12.3 | 0.023 | - | 0.052 |
TABLE 2
The mechanical property of the products prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4 is tested (test standard: GB/T228-.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the ferritic stainless steel of the present example has an elongation of 34% or more, and has good cold working plasticity; the corrosion resistance is equivalent to that of the conventional SUS410S stainless steel; with the addition of the B element, the thermoplasticity of the material is improved, the edge quality is good during hot rolling, and no edge crack defect is generated. From the comparative examples it can be seen that: in the comparative example 1, the content of C + N is greater than the requirement of the technical scheme, the plasticity is low, and edge crack defects are generated during hot rolling; in the comparative example 2, the content of B is lower than the requirement of the technical scheme, and the hot rolling edge crack defect is generated; the comparative example 3 has higher B content and generates hot rolling edge crack defects; comparative example 4 is a conventional SUS410S stainless steel, and the alloy thereof does not contain B element, and it can be seen that the SUS410S stainless steel has low plasticity.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent flow transformations made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity is characterized in that: the weight percentage of the chemical components is as follows: c: 0.01-0.03%; mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; cr: 12.0-13.0%; n: 0.01-0.03%; b: 0.003 to 0.005 percent; and the content of (C + N) is more than or equal to 0.02 percent and less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
the method for manufacturing the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting according to the chemical components;
(2) continuously casting a steel billet;
(3) hot rolling; the initial temperature of the hot rolling is 1160-1180 ℃; the coiling temperature after hot rolling is more than 820 ℃;
(4) acid washing;
(5) cold rolling;
(6) annealing and pickling: the annealing temperature is 800-820 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 s;
the process steps are not limited by the process parameters, and all the process parameters are the conventional general process parameters.
2. A low chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (1) in the manufacturing method adopts an electric furnace-AOD two-step method for smelting.
3. A low chromium ferritic stainless steel with excellent plasticity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight percentage of the chemical components is as follows: c: 0.012-0.022%; mn: 0.24-0.25%; 0.26 to 0.32 percent of Si; 0.024-0.0.032% of P; 0.002-0.003% of S; cr: 12.5-12.6%; n: 0.011-0.017%; b: 0.0033-0.0035%; and 0.023 percent to (C + N) 0.039 percent.
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| WO2021125564A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | High-strength ferritic stainless steel for clamp, and manufacturing method therefor |
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2021
- 2021-10-29 CN CN202111270019.4A patent/CN114000061A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102796960A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ferrite stainless steel with good plastic property and surface quality and preparation method thereof |
| CN102989771A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-chromium ferritic stainless steel cold continuous rolling manufacturing method |
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| CN103966517A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-08-06 | 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 | Ferrite stainless steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical property and manufacturing method of ferrite stainless steel |
| CN106319370A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-01-11 | 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 | Medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel with excellent plasticity and high strength and manufacturing method of medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel |
| WO2021125564A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | High-strength ferritic stainless steel for clamp, and manufacturing method therefor |
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Application publication date: 20220201 |