CN103966517A - Ferrite stainless steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical property and manufacturing method of ferrite stainless steel - Google Patents
Ferrite stainless steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical property and manufacturing method of ferrite stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ferrite stainless steel with an excellent high-temperature mechanical property and a manufacturing method of the ferrite stainless steel. The ferrite stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01-0.07% of C, 0.50-1.50% of Si, 0.40-1.0% of Mn, 0.5-2.5% Al, 0.001-0.005% of S, 12.0-20.0% of Cr, 0.01-0.07% of N, 0.002-0.008% of O, 0.15-0.7% of Tb, 0.005-0.2% of Y, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total percent of Al and Si is greater than or equal to 1.5%, the percent of Nb is greater than or equal to 7 times of the percent of the C, and the percent of Y is greater than 5 times the percent of the S, The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: smelting and casting to obtain casting blank, performing heat insulation on the casting blank at the temperature of 1200-1250 DEG C for 180-240 min, performing hot rolling and annealing treatment on the casting blank to obtain a hot rolled plate which is the end product ferrite stainless steel. According to the invention, the mechanical property of the ferrite stainless steel at normal temperature is not influenced, the high-temperature mechanical property of the ferrite stainless steel, such as high-temperature strength and high-temperature plasticity, is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ferritic stainless steel metallurgy and Field of Heat-treatment, particularly, relate to a kind of ferritic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof with excellent high mechanical property, improve the mechanical behavior under high temperature of described ferritic stainless steel at 800～1000 DEG C, be applicable to the manufacture of the device such as oven inner container, automobile exhaust pipe.
Background technology
Tradition ferritic stainless steel has good performance at the aspect such as solidity to corrosion and formability, but at aspects such as mechanical properties, particularly mechanical behavior under high temperature is often performed poor, and is mainly to have hot strength and plasticity problem on the low side.Hot strength and moulding raising, on the one hand for having great significance in the production of steel mill with steel, can avoid being with steel to deform in the high temperature such as hot rolling and thermal treatment production process, the risk of broken belt, on the other hand, for user, oven inner container, the ferritic stainless steel used such as automobile exhaust pipe all can be at life-time service under comparatively high temps, and this has also proposed higher requirement to the mechanical behavior under high temperature of ferritic stainless steel.Therefore the mechanical behavior under high temperature that improves ferritic stainless steel is not only produced steel mill, and downstream user even human consumer, is had to very important meaning.
At present, some enterprises of producing stainless steel of home and abroad have been certain about the application prospect of excellent high mechanical property ferritic stainless steel, the numerous and confused ferrite stainless product made from steel under some relevant high temperature with good mechanical property of releasing.Its steel grade chemical composition is as shown in table 1.
Ferrite stainless composition of steel in the existing patent of table 1. (unit: wt%)
From table 2, in existing patent, ferritic stainless steel is all lower at 1000 DEG C of such high temperature lower yield strengths and tensile strength, cannot meet the service requirements of steel grade under hot conditions.
No matter should see, be from composition or technique is improved, and, in the mechanical behavior under high temperature that improves ferritic stainless steel, really have a lot of technological difficulties to capture:
On the one hand, the general main alloying element of ferritic stainless steel is Cr, and does not contain Ni.Exactly Ni is the main alloy element that improves stainless steel high temperature performance, only depends on the interpolation of Cr, and to ferritic stainless steel, at high temperature Effect on Mechanical Properties is very little;
On the other hand, because ferrite is to C, the solid solution ability of N is very weak, affect stainless erosion resistance for fear of a large amount of Carbide Precipitations, the C of ferritic stainless steel, N content is all very low, and lower carbon nitrogen content is very disadvantageous to mechanical behavior under high temperature exactly.
Therefore, should ensure ferritic stainless steel mechanical property at normal temperatures, corrosion resistance nature does not decline, and improves again the mechanical behavior under high temperature of ferritic stainless steel, must just can complete by the alloying action of other elements and harsh manufacturing condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ferritic stainless steel and manufacture method thereof with excellent high mechanical property, do not reducing under the prerequisite of mechanical property, corrosion resistance nature under ferritic stainless steel normal temperature, further improve the mechanical behavior under high temperature of described ferritic stainless steel at 800～1000 DEG C, as hot strength and high temperature moulding, be applicable to oven inner container, automobile exhaust pipe etc. device manufacture.
For achieving the above object, the present invention mainly adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.01～0.07%, Si:0.50～1.50%, Mn:0.40～1.0%, Al:0.5～2.5%, S:0.001～0.005, Cr:12.0～20.0%, N:0.01～0.07%, O:0.002～0.008%, Tb:0.15～0.7%, Y:0.005～0.2%, Al+Si >=1.5%, Nb: >=7 × C%, Y>5 × S%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, also comprise Ti, Ti content is 0～0.3%, by weight percentage.
Have in the Composition Design of ferritic stainless steel of excellent high mechanical property in the present invention:
C and N: because carbon nitrogen content improves and has certain help the hot strength of ferritic stainless steel, but be but harmful element to the raising of high-temp plastic, therefore in the present invention, control moderate carbon and nitrogen content, both ensured ferritic stainless steel intensity at high temperature, and can not make again the moulding performance of ferritic stainless steel high temperature decline to a great extent.So the present invention is defined as 0.01～0.07% by C content, N content is defined as to 0.01～0.07%.
Si and Al: the interpolation of silicon and aluminium has obvious lifting to the mechanical behavior under high temperature of ferritic stainless steel, and Si and Al are ferrite formers, contribute to ferritic stainless steel at high temperature to keep single ferritic structure, this high temperature rolling to steel mill has very large benefit.But Si and Al have again certain difference in raising ferritic stainless steel mechanical behavior under high temperature, Si can improve the hot strength of ferritic stainless steel, but moulding raising does not almost help to high temperature, and Al can improve hot strength, can improve high temperature again moulding, therefore, Si and Al only have compound interpolation, and the content sum of Si and Al also needs to arrive after certain quantity, could improve the best effect of playing to the mechanical behavior under high temperature of ferritic stainless steel.So the present invention is defined as 0.50～1.50% by S content, Al content is defined as to 0.5～2.5%, conventional reductor while being all steel-making due to Si and Al easily forms oxide compound and is removed in molten steel.Be solid-solubilized in matrix in order to ensure enough Si and Al, and can form at stainless steel surface SiO2 and the Al2O3 film of one deck densification, isolated outside oxygen and collective reacts, and shared total content need be more than 1.5% in described ferritic stainless steel need to ensure Si and Al.
O: the reductor while being all steel-making due to Si and Al, in order to help Si and the Al form with solid solution in stainless steel base to exist, instead of with Si203, the inclusion morphologies such as Al2O3 are separated out, and must reach numeral very accurately to the control of oxygen.If too high oxygen level, can form more Si203, the oxide inclusion such as Al2O3 play deleterious effect to solidity to corrosion of the present invention, if but oxygen level is too low, and steelmaking process is difficult to realize to the control of oxygen.Therefore, the present invention is controlled at 0.002～0.008% by O content.
The interpolation of Nb:Nb has very large help for ferritic stainless steel hot strength and moulding raising, but Nb must be present in ferritic stainless steel body centered structure with solid solution form, could play useful effect to mechanical behavior under high temperature.Because Nb is stronger carbide forming element, very easily the C element in steel is combined and is formed NbC, from the angle of solubility product, the Nb of a weight percent can be in conjunction with the C of 7 weight percents, therefore, can be solid-solubilized in matrix in order to ensure sufficient Nb, improve the mechanical behavior under high temperature of matrix, the carbon content that must make Nb content be greater than 7 times.Therefore the content of Nb is defined as the more than 7 times of C content by the present invention.
Ti: can be used as one and select added elements, add Ti in ferritic stainless steel, can play a role to ferritic stainless steel high temperature is moulding.If but do not add Ti, hot strength of the present invention and mouldingly can reach equally predetermined target.The present invention is defined as 0～0.3% by Ti content.
Rare Earth Y: add a certain amount of rare earth element y, can make the S content in material significantly reduce or form dystectic rare-earth sulfide disperse in matrix, this is to improving the hot strength of ferritic stainless steel and mouldingly having very large help.The present invention is defined as 0.005～0.2% by Y content, and the content of Y limits 5 times higher than S content.
The manufacture method of a kind of ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) smelt, cast
Ferritic stainless steel, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.01～0.07%, Si:0.50～1.50%, Mn:0.40～1.0%, Al:0.5～2.5%, Cr:12.0～20.0%, N:0.01～0.07%, O:0.002～0.008%, Tb:0.15～0.7%, Y:0.005～0.2%, Al+Si >=1.5%, Nb: >=7 × C%, Y>5 × S%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; After smelting, casting, obtain strand by above-mentioned chemical composition, gained strand is incubated 180～240min at 1200～1250 DEG C, and wherein, Y adds with the form of Fe-Y alloy;
2) hot rolling, annealing
The strand obtaining after insulation is carried out to hot rolling, and the finishing temperature of hot rolling is 850～900 DEG C, 840～870 DEG C of annealing temperatures, and annealing time 16-24 hour, obtains described finished product ferritic stainless steel.
Further, described ferrite stainless composition of steel also comprises Ti, and its content is 0～0.3%, by weight percentage.
Separately, described annealing adopts cover annealing.
And in described Fe-Y alloy, the massfraction of Y is 12～16%.
Wherein, in strand heating and thermal insulation step, Heating temperature and soaking time control are as follows:
When Al+Si≤1.2%, slab heating temperature is 1200 DEG C, soaking time 180min;
When Al+Si is during at 1.2-1.7%, slab heating temperature 1200-1250 DEG C, soaking time 180-240min;
When Al+Si >=1.7%, slab heating temperature is 1250 DEG C, soaking time 240min.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) ensureing under the prerequisite of mechanical property at normal temperatures of ferritic stainless steel, corrosion resistance nature, by adding rare earth element y, thereby make the S content in described ferritic stainless steel significantly reduce or form dystectic rare-earth sulfide disperse in matrix, thereby hot strength and the high temperature of raising ferritic stainless steel are moulding;
2) improve C and N content in ferritic stainless steel, but can effectively avoid Carbide Precipitation, and then ensure the erosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel;
3) ferritic stainless steel of the present invention is in the time of the high temperature of 800～1000 DEG C, still there is very good mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temp plastic, be embodied in Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature 50MPa～80MPa at 1000 DEG C, high-temperature yield strength 40MPa～60MPa at 1000 DEG C, 100 hours oxidation weight gain 0.02-0.04mg/cm at 50%～75%, 800 DEG C of high temperature relative reduction in area at 1000 DEG C
2, 100 hours oxidation weight gain 0.07-0.09mg/cm at 900 DEG C
2, 100 hours oxidation weight gain 1.2～2.0mg/cm at 1000 DEG C
2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Adopt traditional conventional smelting process, feed intake in proportion (component proportions is referring to table 3), in the time feeding intake, adopts pure iron seal of tube master alloy throw-in play.Rare earth element y adds with the form of Fe-Y alloy, and in described Fe-Y alloy, the massfraction of Y is 12～16%.After melting, smelting casting, obtain strand, gained strand is incubated 180～240min at 1200～1250 DEG C, then hot rolling, the finishing temperature of hot rolling is 850～900 DEG C, and the slab after hot rolling, through 840～870 DEG C, is annealed for 16-24 hour, obtain hot-rolled sheet, obtain described finished product ferritic stainless steel.
Wherein, embodiment mono-～tetra-and comparative example 1～4 technology controlling and process are referring to table 4.
After testing, they are tensile strength under 800～1000 DEG C of high temperature for the ferritic stainless steel making, yield strength, and the high-temperature mechanics such as end face shrinking percentage, high-temp plastic index are as shown in table 5.
Table 3. embodiment of the present invention and existing ferrite stainless composition of steel contrast (unit: wt%)
| C | Si | Mn | S | N | Cr | Nb | Ti | Al | Y | |
| Embodiment mono- | 0.01 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 12 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.005 |
| Embodiment bis- | 0.04 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 18 | 0.4 | 0.15 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| Embodiment tri- | 0.07 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.005 | 0.07 | 20 | 0.7 | － | 2.5 | 0.2 |
| Embodiment tetra- | 0.06 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.004 | 0.05 | 16 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 2.0 | 0.15 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.035 | 0.45 | 0.3 | ≤0.005 | 0.035 | 16 | - | - | 0.002 | - |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 0.02 | 11 | － | ≤0.2 | 0.002 | - |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.25 | ≤0.001 | 0.01 | 15 | 0.15 | - | 0.002 | - |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.35 | ≤0.005 | 0.015 | 16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.002 | - |
Table 4. embodiment of the present invention and the contrast of existing ferritic stainless steel manufacturing condition
Note: in table 3 and table 4, comparative example 1 ferrite stainless composition of steel is SUS430 ferrite stainless composition of steel, this composition ferritic stainless steel strand is incubated 200min at 1160 DEG C, then hot rolling, finishing temperature is 850 DEG C.Slab after hot rolling is through 830 DEG C, the annealing of 20 hours, and the hot-rolled sheet making is described SUS430 ferritic stainless steel.
Comparative example 2 ferrite stainless composition of steel are the hot 409L ferrite stainless of resistance to height composition of steel, and this composition ferritic stainless steel strand is incubated 200min at 1130 DEG C, then hot rolling, and finishing temperature is 820
℃。Slab after hot rolling is through 930 DEG C, the continuous annealing of 5min, and the hot-rolled sheet making is described 409L ferritic stainless steel.
Comparative example 3 ferrite stainless composition of steel are 429 ferrite stainless composition of steel, and this kind of stainless steel is a kind of conventional heatproof ferrite stainless steel.This composition ferritic stainless steel strand is 1110 DEG C of insulations
200min, then hot rolling, finishing temperature is 800 DEG C.Slab after hot rolling is through 900 DEG C, the continuous annealing of 4min, and the hot-rolled sheet making is described 429 ferritic stainless steels.
Comparative example 4 ferrite stainless composition of steel are SUS430LX composition, and this kind of stainless steel is the improvement steel grade of 430 ferritic stainless steel welding propertys.This composition ferritic stainless steel strand is incubated 200min at 1110 DEG C, then hot rolling, and finishing temperature is 830 DEG C.Slab after hot rolling is through 900 DEG C, the continuous annealing of 4min, and the hot-rolled sheet making is described 429 ferritic stainless steels.
Table 5. the present invention and comparative example ferritic stainless steel mechanics performance comparison under normal temperature and high temperature
From table 5, it is identical with comparative example steel grade even higher than mechanical property, the corrosion resistance nature of comparative example steel grade that ferritic stainless steel of the present invention still can keep at normal temperatures, and ferritic stainless steel of the present invention is in the time of the high temperature of 800～1000 DEG C, still there is very good mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temp plastic, wherein 1000 DEG C of yield strengths are up to 40～60MPa, 1000 DEG C of tensile strength, up to 50～80MPa, are all much better than mechanical behavior under high temperature and the high-temp plastic of steel grade shown in comparative example.
It should be noted that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement the technical scheme of invention, and not depart from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind has the ferritic stainless steel of excellent high mechanical property, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.01～0.07%, Si:0.50～1.50%, Mn:0.40～1.0%, Al:0.5～2.5%, S:0.001～0.005, Cr:12.0～20.0%, N:0.01～0.07%, O:0.002～0.008%, Tb:0.15～0.7%, Y:0.005～0.2%, Al+Si >=1.5%, Nb: >=7 × C%, Y>5 × S%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises Ti, and Ti content is 0～0.3%, by weight percentage.
3. a manufacture method with the ferritic stainless steel of excellent high mechanical property, comprises the steps:
1) smelt, cast
Ferritic stainless steel, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.01～0.07%, Si:0.50～1.50%, Mn:0.40～1.0%, Al:0.5～2.5%, Cr:12.0～20.0%, N:0.01～0.07%, O:0.002～0.008%, Tb:0.15～0.7%, Y:0.005～0.2%, Al+Si >=1.5%, Nb: >=7 × C%, Y>5 × S%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; After smelting, casting, obtain strand by above-mentioned chemical composition, gained strand is incubated 180～240min at 1200～1250 DEG C, and wherein, Y adds with the form of Fe-Y alloy;
2) strand obtaining after insulation is carried out hot rolling by hot rolling, annealing, and the finishing temperature of hot rolling is 850～900 DEG C, 840～870 DEG C of annealing temperatures, and annealing time 16-24 hour, obtains described finished product ferritic stainless steel.
4. the manufacture method of the ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described ferrite stainless composition of steel also comprises Ti, and its content is 0～0.3%, by weight percentage.
5. the manufacture method of the ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described Fe-Y alloy, the massfraction of Y is 12～16%.
6. the manufacture method of the ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described annealing adopts cover annealing.
7. the manufacture method of the ferritic stainless steel with excellent high mechanical property according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described strand heating and thermal insulation step, Heating temperature and soaking time control are as follows:
When Al+Si≤1.2%, slab heating temperature is 1200 DEG C, soaking time 180min;
When Al+Si is during at 1.2-1.7%, slab heating temperature 1200-1250 DEG C, soaking time 180-240min;
When Al+Si >=1.7%, slab heating temperature is 1250 DEG C, soaking time 240min.
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