CN113996795A - Composite process for rapidly preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on surface of workpiece - Google Patents
Composite process for rapidly preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on surface of workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN113996795A CN113996795A CN202111279078.8A CN202111279078A CN113996795A CN 113996795 A CN113996795 A CN 113996795A CN 202111279078 A CN202111279078 A CN 202111279078A CN 113996795 A CN113996795 A CN 113996795A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F15/00—Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by groups B23F7/00 - B23F13/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite process for rapidly preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a workpiece, which comprises the following steps: step 1, a rough turning material reducing process is used for turning the surface of a roller-shaped workpiece before cladding, and the unilateral turning thickness value d1 of the surface of the workpiece is obtained; step 2, laser cladding additive process, which is used for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant coating with the thickness required by the surface of the roller-shaped workpiece, wherein the thickness value of the coating is d2, and the laser cladding additive process adopts an annular powder feeding high-speed cladding process; step 3, a material reduction process of finish turning is carried out, wherein the material reduction process is used for carrying out finish turning on the surface of the coating, and the finish machining amount delta d is d2-d 1; and 4, mirror polishing process of the surface of the coating. According to the invention, by adopting the material increase and decrease integrated design scheme, four processes of rough turning material reduction, high laser cladding material increase, finish turning material reduction and finish turning surface composite energy field mirror polishing are combined, the preparation of the workpiece surface coating can be completed by one device and one clamping, and the processing efficiency and the coating surface quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a composite process for quickly preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a workpiece.
Background
In the current engineering application, two links of laser additive manufacturing and material reduction processing of a metal coating on the surface of a workpiece are still independently carried out, and corresponding processes are required to be completed by adopting different processing equipment in sequence, so that the error problems caused by multiple clamping and positioning of a single workpiece and multiple conversion of a coordinate system exist, the uniformity of the thickness of the coating after final machining is difficult to guarantee, and particularly for a thin coating prepared by high-speed laser cladding, the condition that the coating on one side of the surface of the workpiece is thick, the coating on the other side of the surface of the workpiece is thin, and even the local coating is not formed after machining can occur, so that the final use condition of the workpiece is influenced.
The clamping and positioning for many times enable the processing time of single products to be prolonged, and the batch production rhythm is influenced. The method has the advantages that efficient and high-performance processing modes are explored, the traditional processing method is optimized and combined, and the method has great significance for solving the problem of actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite process for quickly preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a workpiece, which combines four process modes of a rough turning material reducing process, a high-speed laser cladding material increasing process, a finish turning material reducing process and finish turning surface composite energy field mirror polishing through a material increasing and reducing integrated design scheme, realizes that the preparation of the coating on the surface of the workpiece can be finished by one device and one clamping, realizes the quick preparation of the high-quality wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece, and improves the processing efficiency and the surface quality of the coating.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a composite process for rapidly preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on a workpiece surface, comprising the following steps:
and 4, a coating surface mirror polishing process for mirror polishing of the finish turning surface of the coating, and the surface roughness and surface modification of the coating are improved by adopting the composite energy field.
Compared with the prior art, the composite process provided by the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the coating preparation material increase and decrease composite process method combines multiple process modes, realizes composite processing of four functions of one set of equipment through the optimized design of the equipment, greatly improves the production efficiency of single workpieces, only needs to clamp the workpieces once in the whole process flow of material increase and decrease, avoids the problem of size error caused by repeated clamping of the traditional process flow, and ensures the uniformity and consistency of the coating thickness to the maximum extent.
The coating high-speed laser cladding additive manufacturing process has the advantages of high coating preparation efficiency and good metallurgical quality; the rough turning and the fine turning material reducing process share one rotary tool rest, and can be switched quickly.
The invention adopts a mirror polishing process to replace the traditional grinding machine polishing mode, adopts the composite energy field for polishing, greatly improves the polishing efficiency, has the function of coating surface modification in addition, ensures that the roughness of the polished coating surface can reach below 0.2 mu m, improves the hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the coating surface, prolongs the service life, and ensures that the roughness of the processed coating surface meets the assembly requirements of parts.
The invention not only improves the preparation efficiency and quality of the workpiece coating, but also greatly reduces the total investment of equipment, and is beneficial to the market popularization and application of equipment.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the rapid preparation of a coating for a workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the surface topography of a finish-turned workpiece coating and a finish-turned polished workpiece coating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a surface roughness measurement of a workpiece coating finish turned according to the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a surface roughness measurement of a workpiece coating finish-turned finish of the invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a cross-sectional microstructure topography of a workpiece coating finish-turned in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a cross-sectional microstructure topography of a workpiece coating finish-turned and polished in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph of microhardness of a coating after finish turning of a workpiece coating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a graph of microhardness of a coating of a workpiece after finish turning and polishing in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the salt spray corrosion effects of a finish-turned coating and a finish-turned polished coating on a workpiece according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
With reference to the drawings, the composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and 4, a coating surface mirror polishing process for mirror polishing of the finish turning surface of the coating, and the surface roughness and surface modification of the coating are improved by adopting the composite energy field.
The finish turning material reducing process is completed by adopting a single finish turning process.
Therefore, in the composite process, the corresponding functional modules can be integrated in one device through structure optimization design, the production efficiency of the single workpiece is greatly improved, and the preparation of the coating is sequentially completed according to the flow sequence.
The rough turning material reducing process is used for removing a failure layer and a fatigue layer on the surface of a workpiece and preparing the surface for a cladding material increasing process.
The laser cladding material increase process adopts a powder feeding printing mode to quickly prepare a wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a workpiece. The process control parameters of the laser cladding additive can be selected based on the powder material of the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating, and comprise spot size d, laser power P, linear velocity v, stepping amount delta L, powder feeding amount S and the like, and a high-speed and small-stepping mode is selected in the process of preparing the coating by high-speed laser cladding.
The finish turning and material reducing process is used for finish turning of a cladding layer (namely a coating), corresponding size and surface roughness requirements are obtained, and surface preparation is made for subsequent mirror polishing. Turning technological parameters are as follows: the material, cutter structure, rotational speed, feed rate etc. of cutter, this finish turning subtract material cutter that the material technology used and rough turning subtract material cutter sharing a revolving tool post, accessible operating system control carries out fast switch over.
The surface mirror polishing process of the coating is used for finish turning surface mirror polishing and surface modification, and the composite energy field of the activation energy and the impact energy is utilized to improve the surface roughness and hardness, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance, the fatigue resistance and the like of the coating and prolong the service life of a workpiece. The polishing process uses water as a lubricant. In an alternative embodiment, the polishing module is mounted on one side of the tool rest and performs feed motion along with the tool rest, and the surface roughness of the coating after mirror polishing reaches below 0.2 μm.
In the coating preparation process, after the coating cladding is finished in the step 2, a finish turning material reducing process is carried out, and finish turning processing is carried out without waiting for the workpiece to be cooled to room temperature; and carrying out mirror surface polishing processing after finish turning processing, or carrying out finish turning processing and mirror surface polishing processing synchronously, wherein finish turning is carried out before polishing.
In addition, in the whole process implementation sequence of the steps 1 to 4, the workpiece only needs to be clamped once, so that the problem of size error caused by repeated clamping of the traditional processing flow is avoided, and the uniformity and consistency of the thickness of the coating are ensured to the maximum extent.
Further description of the test and topography illustrated in FIGS. 2-6 is provided below in conjunction with specific examples
The laser cladding material adopts Fe-Cr-Ni alloy powder, the hardness of the powder is about 55HRC, the particle size of the powder is 25-53 mu m, and the powder is dried for 1h in vacuum before use. The material of the test workpiece is 27SiMn, and the specification phi is 75mm multiplied by 500 mm.
The composite process flow for preparing the coating is as follows:
(1) rough turning: turning the outer diameter of a workpiece to phi 73mm, measuring parameters such as the size of the outer diameter, the coaxiality and the like, and turning the surface roughness to be about 12.5 mu m;
(2) preparing a high-speed laser cladding coating: the laser power is 5400W, the scanning linear speed is 35m/min, the lap joint rate is 75%, the powder feeding amount is 7r/min, and the thickness of a single side of the coating is 0.7 mm;
(3) finish turning: turning the outer diameter of a workpiece to phi 74mm, measuring parameters such as the size of the outer diameter, the coaxiality and the like, and finely turning the surface roughness to be about 0.8 mu m, wherein the thickness of the effective coating on one side is 0.5 mm;
(4) finish turning and surface polishing: and (3) ultrasonically polishing the finish turning surface, wherein the surface roughness is about 0.06 mu m after polishing.
As can be seen from the comparison of the surface features of the finish-turned and polished surface features shown in fig. 2, the left side is the surface feature after finish-turning material reduction and finish-turning polishing according to steps 1-4 of the present invention, and the right side is the surface feature after finish-turning material reduction, and the surface feature of the left side is obviously superior to that of the right side, and is smoother and smoother.
By combining the roughness test results of the figures 3(a) and 3(b) and the microstructure morphologies of the figures 4(a) and 4(b), the microstructure obtained by finish turning and material reduction and finish turning polishing is better, the microstructure is better and uniform in particle aggregation, the surface roughness reaches about 0.06 μm, and the surface roughness of the coating obtained by finish turning and material reduction only is 0.844 μm.
In combination with the coating microhardness graphs of fig. 5(a) and 5(b), the average hardness of the coating after finish turning and material reduction and finish turning polishing according to the present invention is much higher than that of the coating after finish turning only, and the standard deviation is small. Compared with the salt spray corrosion effect of the finish-turning coating of the workpiece of the invention and the finish-turning polished coating shown in fig. 6, the coating surface prepared by the invention can realize better corrosion resistance.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A composite process for rapidly preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a rough turning material reducing process is used for turning the surface of a roller-shaped workpiece before cladding, and the unilateral turning thickness value d1 of the surface of the workpiece is obtained;
step 2, laser cladding additive process, which is used for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant coating with the thickness required by the surface of the roller-shaped workpiece, wherein the thickness value of the coating is d2, and the laser cladding additive process adopts an annular powder feeding high-speed cladding process;
step 3, a material reduction process of finish turning is carried out, wherein the material reduction process is used for carrying out finish turning on the surface of the coating, and the finish machining amount delta d is d2-d 1;
and 4, a coating surface mirror polishing process for mirror polishing of the finish turning surface of the coating, and the surface roughness and surface modification of the coating are improved by adopting the composite energy field.
2. The composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the rough turning and material reducing process in the step 1 and the fine turning and material reducing process in the step 3 share one rotary tool rest, and rapid switching is performed under the control of an operating system.
3. The composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, water is used as a lubricant in the mirror polishing process.
4. The composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the surface roughness of the coating after mirror polishing treatment is less than 0.2 μm.
5. The composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the finish turning and material reducing process is carried out after the coating cladding is completed in the step 2, and the finish turning is carried out without waiting for the workpiece to be cooled to room temperature; and carrying out mirror surface polishing processing after finish turning processing, or carrying out finish turning processing and mirror surface polishing processing synchronously, wherein finish turning is carried out before polishing.
6. The composite process for rapidly preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the powder adopted by laser cladding is Fe-Cr-Ni alloy powder, and the particle size of the powder is 25 to 53 microns;
the roll-type workpiece is 27SiMn, and the specification phi is 75mm multiplied by 500 mm;
turning the outer diameter of the workpiece to phi 73mm by a rough turning and material reducing process;
in the laser cladding material increase process, the laser power is 5400W, the scanning linear speed is 35m/min, the lap joint rate is 75%, the powder feeding amount is 7r/min, and the thickness of the single side of the prepared coating is 0.7 mm;
turning the outer diameter of the workpiece to phi 74mm by a finish turning and material reducing process, wherein the thickness of the single-side effective coating is 0.5 mm;
and finally, finish turning and polishing are carried out, and the surface roughness of the polished coating is 0.06 mu m.
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| CN2021107456392 | 2021-06-30 | ||
| CN202110745639 | 2021-06-30 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114986261A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-02 | 上海市轴承技术研究所有限公司 | Superfinishing method for hard alloy coating on revolution curved surface |
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