CN113993643A - 具有中央保护气体分配器和氧监测的用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备 - Google Patents
具有中央保护气体分配器和氧监测的用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于处理适合于激光熔化的粉末的设备(1)，具有至少一个与粉末接触或来自于粉末的被供应保护气体的部件(2,4,14‑17)，包括：根据本发明可连接或连接到保护气体源(5)的中央保护气体分配器(7)，至少一个部件(2,4,14‑17)通过可操控的阀(9)连接到该中央保护气体分配器上，在所述至少一个部件(2,4,14‑17)中的氧传感器，和控制装置(12)，其借助所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据来操控所述阀(9)。替代于或附加于中央保护气体分配器(7)，所述设备(1)可以具有数据处理单元(13)，所述数据处理单元记录并且分析评价所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备，该设备具有至少一个与粉末处于接触中或要接触的部件，该部件被供应保护气体。
背景技术
由现有技术已知用于激光熔化(激光金属熔化)的方法。在此，通过借助于激光射束熔化粉末来逐层地构造工件。为了首先避免粉末被氧气污染，熔化过程在保护气体氛围下进行。在熔化过程之前，通过筛分站清洁粉末。在熔化过程之后，未熔化的粉末可以被清洁并重新用于新的构造过程。粉末可以在熔化过程之前例如储存在粉末料仓中。
DE 10 2009 005 769 A1描述了一种用于再利用来自用于生成式制造三维物体的装置的剩余粉末的系统。该系统包括用于施加粉末材料和通过照射使物体成型的构造设备。此外，该系统包括一个与构造设备分开的用于输送剩余粉末的抽吸装置和一个用于筛分剩余粉末的筛分站。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，如下对开头提及类型的设备进行扩展，使得可以在受控的周围环境条件下并且带有对周围环境条件的监测地执行粉末处理。
根据本发明，该任务在开头提及的设备中通过以下内容来解决：
-可接到或已接到保护气体源上的中央保护气体分配器，至少一个部件通过可操控的阀接到该中央保护气体分配器上，
-在所述至少一个部件中的氧传感器，和
-控制装置，所述控制装置根据氧传感器的测量数据来操控阀。
特别优选地，处理粉末的工艺链的至少一些、优选所有处于保护气体下的部件分别通过可操控的阀接到中央保护气体分配器上，其中，控制装置根据氧传感器的测量数据来操控阀。
在粉末料仓中的和在筛分站中的粉末贮存在保护气体氛围下进行，其中，在至少一个部件(筛分站、粉末料仓、手套式操作箱、构件腔……)中的保护气体的量根据本发明通过保护气体分配器和控制装置在中央控制。如果这些部件中的所测量的氧气浓度超过预给定的极限值，则打开对应的阀，以便供应保护气体。通过保护气体分配器和中央控制装置，不必针对每个粉末料仓单独地操作保护气体供应装置。这种中央保护气体调节的优点是，由减少构件引起的节约潜力、统一的数据结构和简化的操作。周围环境影响通过受调节的保护气体氛围减小到最小，由此，工艺安全性因此明显且可测量地提高。
通过根据本发明的设备，通过接到中央保护气体分配器上使得能够简单地将保护气体分布扩展到设备的其它部件上。该设备可以通过中央控制装置和该中央控制装置的统一数据结构以相对较少的时间耗费适配于不同的预给定。为此，控制装置具有对于中央功能(保护气体调节)来说必需的接口。附加的接口的示例是：
-传感装置的输入端(氧、湿度、…)；
-输出端，以便操控阀(促动器)，或者机械接头，以便例如将工艺气体(氩气、氮气)“根据需求”提供给其它部件。在此，具有足够的插接位置的中央保护气体分配器使得可以实现例如多个粉末料仓的切换/供给。
工艺链的每个(任意)“气密的”部件都可以(作为模块)接到设备上。该设备仅需实施为具有标准化接口(供给保护气体的供应和排出、安装氧传感器)。
进一步优选地，保护气体预处理装置接到保护气体分配器上，以便对从部件导回的保护气体进行中央预处理。
在本发明的一个有利实施方式中，中央保护气体分配器、控制装置和/或中央保护气体预处理装置布置在中央筛分站(作为粉末处理的最重要部件或中央部件)处。保护气体预处理装置、控制装置和可视化装置这些元件仅一次(在筛分站处)存在。筛分站的控制装置例如可以接管对所有部件的调节。操作者可以通过HMI(人机接口)来接通和关断这些部件以及限定针对部件特定的特性或调节极限，例如用于首次填充的保护气体冲刷时间、对于氧气浓度的调节范围，等。
在另一构型中，保护气体具有氩气和/或氮气。这些保护气体有效地防止了在激光熔化时的粉末氧化。
在另一方面中，本发明还涉及一种用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备，所述设备具有至少一个与粉末处于接触中或者要接触的部件，该部件被供应保护气体，其特征在于：
-在所述部件中的氧传感器，和
-中央数据处理单元，所述中央数据处理单元记录并且分析评价氧传感器的测量数据。
特别优选地，处理粉末的工艺链的至少一些、优选所有处于保护气体下的部件具有氧传感器，其中，数据处理单元记录并且分析评价氧传感器的测量数据。
根据本发明的对所测量的氧气值进行的数据管理/分析评价能够实现针对构件特定的粉末浓度历史或氧气浓度历史(氧监测)。粉末状态可以随着该粉末的使用时间被尽可能详细且全面地记录。因此，与来自熔化工艺的数据一起，可以对所产生的构件作出全面的质量论述。通过对状态数据(氧气和可选的其它参数，例如空气湿度/气体湿度、温度等)的分析评价和这些状态数据的可视化，操作者此后能够作出质量可靠性报告。因此，由于在限定的受调节条件下集成越来越多的部件和工艺步骤，可以使工艺不可靠性持续地降低。
例如，至少一个部件可以是用于储存粉末的粉末料仓、用于对从一个粉末料仓输送出的粉末进行清洁的筛分站、用于增材构件的设备的工艺腔或用于对新制造的构件进行拆包(entpacken)和清洁的拆包站。
优选地，粉末具有镍、钛和/或铝。尤其，粉末包括镍合金、钛合金和/或铝合金。
本发明的主题的进一步的优点和有利构型可以从说明书、附图和权利要求中得出。同样，前面所述的和进一步列举的特征可以分别单独地使用或者多个以任意组合的形式使用。所示出的和所说明的实施方式不应理解为详尽的列举，而是具有用于描述本发明的示例性特征。
附图说明
附图示出：
图1根据本发明的用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备，具有中央保护气体分配器和中央数据处理单元；和
图2处理粉末的工艺链的处于保护气体下的部件的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的设备1用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末并且具有一个或多个(在此仅示例性地为三个)粉末料仓2，在所述粉末料仓中储存有相同或不同的粉末材料。粉末软管3接到粉末料仓2中的一个粉末料仓上并且接到筛分站4上，以便将粉末从该粉末料仓2输送到用于清洁粉末的筛分站4中。随后，将经清洁的粉末进一步输送到或借助于容器运输到在这里未示出的用以增材制造构件的设备处，在所述设备中，通过借助于激光射束对粉末的熔化来逐层地构建构件。
中央保护气体分配器7通过软管6接到保护气体源5上，不但粉末料仓2而且筛分站4又分别通过软管8和例如可电操控的阀9接到该中央保护气体分配器上，以便导入保护气体。在粉末料仓2中并且在筛分站4中有氧传感器10，所述氧传感器分别测量存在于该粉末料仓中和筛分站中的氧气浓度。附加地，也还可以测量温度、湿度和/或压力。
阀9和氧传感器10通过控制线路11与中央控制装置12连接，以便通过打开和关闭阀9来保持粉末料仓2中的和筛分站4中的预给定氧气浓度，所述控制线路在所示出的实施例中经过中央保护气体分配器7，所述中央控制装置根据氧传感器10的测量数据来电操控阀9。代替如在图1中那样布置在粉末料仓2处和筛分站4处，阀9也可以直接布置在保护气体分配器7处。控制线路11也可以直接接到控制装置12上。
此外，还可以在保护气体分配器7上接上用于清洁保护气体的保护气体预处理装置13。在所示的实施例中，保护气体分配器7、控制装置12和保护气体预处理装置13布置在筛分站4处。
氧传感器10也接到中央数据处理单元13上，所述中央数据处理单元可以单独地实施或者如在图1中所示出的那样实施为控制装置12的一部分。数据处理单元13记录氧传感器10的测量数据并且分析评价所述测量数据，以便得到针对构件特定的粉末浓度历史或氧气浓度历史(氧监测)并且必要时为操作者可视化显示。因此，粉末状态可以随着该粉末的使用时间被详细且全面地记录。附加地，也可以一起分析评价其他参数，例如空气湿度/气体湿度和温度。因此，与来自熔化工艺的数据一起可以对所产生的构件作出全面的质量论述。
图2示意性地示出处理粉末的工艺链的处于保护气体下的部件。沿粉末的输送方向从左向右看，所述部件是被供给的具有新粉末的容器14、用于新粉末的粉末料仓2、用于清洁从粉末料仓2输送过来的粉末的筛分站4、用于经清洁的粉末的储藏容器15、用于增材制造构件的设备的工艺腔16、用于对新制造的构件进行拆包和清洁的拆包站17以及用于多余粉末的粉末料仓2。
工艺链的所有这些处于保护气体下的部件都通过软管8接到保护气体分配器7上并且具有氧传感器10，所述氧传感器通过控制线路11与控制装置12并且与数据处理单元13连接。数据处理单元13记录氧传感器10的测量数据并且对这些测量数据进行分析评价。
根据本发明的设备1使得具有提高的工艺要求的客户能够沿着工艺链在受控的周围环境条件下实施粉末处置。根据本发明的设备1尤其可以模块化地用于预处理和后处理中的任意处置步骤并且该设备包含中央控制装置、调节装置、数据感测装置和分析评价装置。
Claims (9)
1.用于对处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备(1)，所述设备具有至少一个与粉末处于接触中或要接触的部件(2,4,14-17)，所述部件被供应保护气体，其特征在于：
-可接到或已接到保护气体源(5)上的中央保护气体分配器(7)，所述至少一个部件(2,4,14-17)通过可操控的阀(9)接到所述中央保护气体分配器上，
-在所述至少一个部件(2,4,14-17)中的氧传感器，和
-控制装置(12)，所述控制装置根据所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据来操控所述阀(9)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，处理粉末的工艺链的至少一些、优选所有处于保护气体下的部件(2,4,14-17)分别通过可操控的阀(9)接到所述中央保护气体分配器(7)上，并且所述控制装置(12)根据所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据来操控所述阀(9)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，中央保护气体预处理装置(13)接到所述中央保护气体分配器(6)上。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述中央保护气体分配器(7)和/或所述控制装置(12)和/或所述中央保护气体预处理装置(13)布置在用于清洁粉末的中央筛分站(4)上。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述保护气体具有氩气和/或氮气。
6.尤其根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于处理适于激光熔化的粉末的设备(1)，所述设备具有至少一个与粉末处于接触中或要接触的部件(2,4,14-17)，所述部件被供应保护气体，其特征在于：
-在所述部件(2,4,14-17)中的氧传感器，和
-中央数据处理单元(13)，所述中央数据处理单元记录并且分析评价所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，处理粉末的工艺链的至少一些、优选所有处于保护气体下的部件(2,4,14-17)具有氧传感器(10)，并且，所述数据处理单元(13)记录并且分析评价所述氧传感器(10)的测量数据。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述部件中的至少一个部件是用于储存粉末的粉末料仓(2)，用于清洁从粉末料仓(2)输送过来的粉末的筛分站(4)、用于增材制造构件的设备的工艺腔(16)或用于对新制造的构件进行拆包和清洁的拆包站(17)。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述粉末具有镍、钛和/或铝。
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