CN1139930A - 加氢催化剂及其制备方法和加氢方法 - Google Patents
加氢催化剂及其制备方法和加氢方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1139930A CN1139930A CN95191465A CN95191465A CN1139930A CN 1139930 A CN1139930 A CN 1139930A CN 95191465 A CN95191465 A CN 95191465A CN 95191465 A CN95191465 A CN 95191465A CN 1139930 A CN1139930 A CN 1139930A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- phenyl
- acid
- phosphine
- ethyl
- Prior art date
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 19
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical group I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical group [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical class [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 tetraphenyl boric acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 84
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MOHYGSBMXIJZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+4] Chemical class [Ir+4] MOHYGSBMXIJZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004705 aldimines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910004013 NO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WXMZPPIDLJRXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMZPPIDLJRXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I hexafluoroantimony(1-);hydron Chemical compound F.F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical group C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YTDIMWHREZYGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+6] Chemical class [Ir+6] YTDIMWHREZYGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006187 phenyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 0 C*C1OC(*)(*)OC1*C Chemical compound C*C1OC(*)(*)OC1*C 0.000 description 5
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical class ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- CUZLJOLBIRPEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-one Chemical compound COCC(C)=O CUZLJOLBIRPEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylphosphonic acid Chemical group OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CUILPNURFADTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypobromous acid Chemical compound BrO CUILPNURFADTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- RFXWSCVCWQKXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(P)=C1 RFXWSCVCWQKXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PSCITZRLRGWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)pyridin-3-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1O PSCITZRLRGWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNURPFVONZPVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl MNURPFVONZPVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGBVRMYSNSKIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OGBVRMYSNSKIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFMYEVPBEJFZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(O)(O)O Chemical compound CP(O)(O)O GFMYEVPBEJFZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004457 alkyl amino carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
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- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004772 dichloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)F PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid Chemical group CCS(O)(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOIAOOSKMHJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WUOIAOOSKMHJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005597 hydrazone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006178 methyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- NRVSCUABVKRWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NRVSCUABVKRWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine Chemical compound C1CNNC1 USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical group CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
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- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
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- B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
- B01J31/2447—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring
- B01J31/2452—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/44—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers
- C07C209/52—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers by reduction of imines or imino-ethers
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
- C07F15/004—Iridium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
- C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/643—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of R2C=O or R2C=NR (R= C, H)
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- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0202—Polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0205—Bi- or polynuclear complexes, i.e. comprising two or more metal coordination centres, without metal-metal bonds, e.g. Cp(Lx)Zr-imidazole-Zr(Lx)Cp
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- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0261—Complexes comprising ligands with non-tetrahedral chirality
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Abstract
铱(III)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦和金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的反应产物是极好的酮亚胺的加氢催化剂。使用手性二膦和前手性酮亚胺,可得到高光学产率的对映异构体仲胺。
Description
本发明涉及一种可用铱盐与二膦和碱金属卤化物或卤化铵反应制得的催化剂;涉及这些催化剂的制备方法以及亚胺类特别是在酸存在下的加氢方法。
US-A-4994615公开了一种前手性N-芳基酮亚胺不对称加氢的方法,其中使用有手性二膦配体的铱催化剂。US-A-5011995公开一种用上述相同催化剂使前手性N-烷基酮亚胺不对称加氢的方法。US-A-5112999公开了多核铱化合物和铱的配合盐,它们含有二膦配体,用作亚胺类加氢的催化剂。这些催化剂通过铱烯烃和铱二烯烃配合物与二膦反应来制备。
这些均相催化方法已证明是有价值的,虽然很明显这些催化剂常常不同程度失活,特别是在相当大批量或在工业规模的情况下,催化剂失活与所用的催化剂前体、基质以及二膦配体有关。在许多情况下,特别是在升温的情况下,如在温度大于25℃的情况下,短接触时间是必要的,这样可能不能达到完全的转化。所以,对于加氢方法的工业应用来说,从经济可行性的观点看,催化剂的生产率太低。
另一缺点是,作为催化剂的原料,铱烯烃和铱二烯烃配合物是不稳定的和昂贵的,因而实际上不可能制得大量配合物。
令人吃惊的是,现已发现,可通过简单的铱盐与二膦在金属卤化物,特别是碱金属卤化物或卤化铵存在下反应由简单的铱盐(它们被认为更经济)制得活性的均相铱催化剂。
令人吃惊的是,还发现,如果在加氢过程中,反应混合物除含有催化剂外还含有酸,那么催化剂的活性可提高。还意外的发现,与此同时催化剂的失活可相当大的减慢或者完全消除。
本发明涉及铱化合物,它们可通过铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦在金属的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物或者铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物存在下反应来制得。
铱(III)盐或其水合物中可为式I
[Ir3][Xn]3/n·mH2O (I)式中,X为酸的n价阴离子,n为1、2或3,m为0或大于0至8的整数或分数。
铱(IV)盐或其水合物如可为式Ia
M2 [IrX′6]2·mH2O (Ia)式中,X'为卤素,特别是F、Cl或Br,M2 为两个H、两个碱金属阳离子如Li、Na或K,或一个碱土金属阳离子如Mg2、Ca2、Sr2或Ba2,m为0或大于0至8的整数或分数。
在式I和/或Ia中,n优选为1,m优选为0或大于0至4中的整数或分数。
阴离子X可由有机酸或无机酸衍生得到。有机酸的例子是脂族和芳族羧酸、磺酸和膦酸,它们含有1~12个碳原子,优选1~8,特别优选1~4,它们是未取代的或被F或Cl取代。一些具体的例子是甲酸,乙酸,丙酸,丁酸,一、二或三氯-或一、二或三氟乙酸,苯甲酸,苯乙酸,甲基-、苯基-或苄基膦酸以及甲基-、苯基-、苄基-、对甲苯基-或三氟甲基磺酸。无机酸的例子是氢卤酸、四氟硼酸、四苯基硼酸、六氟磷酸、六氟砷酸、六氟锑酸和六氟铋酸以及元素N、P、S、F、Cl、Br和I的含氧酸。具体的例子是MCl、HBr、HI、BF4、HB(苯基)4、HPF6、HSbCl6、HAsF6、HSbF6、HClO4、HBrO4、HIO4、H2SO3、H2SO4、HNO2、HNO3、H3PO3和H3PO4。
可衍生得到式I的Xn的优选酸是HCl、HBr、HI、H2SO4、HClO4、HClO3、HBrO4、HIO4、HNO3、H3PO3、H3PO4、CF3SO3H、C6H5SO3H、CF3COOH和CCl3COOH。在一具体的形式中,式I的Xn是一价阴离子(n优选为1),特别是卤化物,更特别是Cl。式I的铱(III)盐特别是IrCl3·mH2O,其中m为1~4中的一个数。
实际上,元素周期表主族和副族金属的任何卤素化合物都可作为金属卤化物,只要它们溶于反应混合物,并且对反应混合物中的其他反应物不起氧化剂的作用。优选使用碱金属卤化物。
在金属和碱金属卤化物中,金属和碱金属阳离子优选是Li、Na、K、Rb或Cs阳离子,特别是Li、Na和K。在卤化铵中的铵离子可为NH4 ,优选有1~20个碳原子的伯铵、优选有2~24个碳原子的仲铵、优选有3~24个碳原子的叔铵以及优选有4-24个碳原子的季铵。优选季铵,特别是苯基N(C1~C6烷基)3、苄基N(C1~C6烷基)3或(C1~C6烷基)4N。在金属卤化物和卤化铵中,溴化物特别是碘化物是优选的。在一优选形式中,碱金属卤化物和卤化铵是LiI、NaI或KI或(C1~C6烷基)4NI。四丁基碘化铵是特别优选的。四丁基碘化铵是特别优选的。
有仲膦基的二膦优选下列二膦:(a)其膦基键联到有2~4个碳原子的碳链的不同碳原子上,或(b)其膦基或直接键联或通过在环戊二烯基环的邻位中的桥基-CRaRb-或都键联到二茂铁基的环戊二烯基环上,或(c)一个膦基键联到有2或3个碳原子的碳链上,另一个膦基键联到端接在碳链的氧或氮原子上,或(d)其膦基键联到两个端接到C2碳链的氧原子或氮原子上;因而在(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)的情况下,与Ir原子一起形成5元环、6元环或7元环,Ra与Rb各自独立为氢、C1~C8烷基、C1~C4氟代烷基、苯基或苄基,或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基。Rb优选为氢。Ra优选为C1~C4烷基,特别是甲基。
二膦优选含有至少一个手性碳原子,特别是一个光学纯立体异构体(对映体或非对映异构体),或一对非对映异构体,因为使用含有这样配体的催化剂可光学诱导不对称加氢反应。
膦基优选含有两个相同的或不同的(优选相同的)未取代的或取代的有1~20个碳原子(优选1~12)的烃基。优选这些二膦,其中仲膦基含有两个相同的或不同的以下基团:直链或支链C1~C12烷基;未取代的或C1~C6烷基或C1~C6烷氧基取代的C5~C12环烷基、C5~C12环烷基-CH2-、苯基或苄基;以及被卤素(如F、Cl或Br)、C1~C6卤代烷基、(C1~C12烷基)3Si、(C6H5)3Si、C1~C6卤代烷氧基(如三氟甲氧基)、-NH2、(苯基)2N-、(苄基)2N-、吗啉基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、(C1~C12烷基)2N-、-铵-X1 、-SO3M1、-CO2M1、-PO3M1、或被-COO-C1~C6烷基(如-COOCH3)取代的苯基或苄基,其中M1为碱金属或氢,X1 为一元酸的阴离子。M1优选为H、Li、Na或K。X1 作为一元酸的阴离子优选为Cl、Br或羧酸阴离子,如甲酸根、乙酸根、三氯乙酸根或三氟乙酸根。仲膦基也可为下式基团 或
其中,m和n各自独立为2~10中的一个整数,而m+n之和为4~12,优选5~8。其例子是下式的[3.3.1]-和[4.2.1]-phobyl。 和
优选含有1~6个碳原子的烷基的例子是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正、异和叔丁基以及戊基和己基的异构体。未取代的或烷基取代的环烷基的例子是环戊基、环己基、甲基或乙基环己基和二甲基环己基。烷基、烷氧基或卤代烷氧基取代的苯基和苄基的例子是甲基苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、乙基苯基、甲基苄基、甲氧基苄基、二甲氧基苄基、三氟甲基苯基、双(三氟甲基)苯基、三(三氟甲基)苯基、三氟甲氧基苯基和二(三氟甲氧基)苯基。优选的膦基是这些基团,它们含有相同的或不同的(优选相同的)以下基团:C1~C6烷基;未取代的或被1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代的环戊基和环己基;未取代的或有1~3个C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、F、Cl、C1~C4氟代烷基或C1~C4氟代烷氧基取代基的苄基特别是苯基。
式II、IIa、IIb、IIc或IId的二膦是优选的,
R7R8P-R9-PR10R11 (II),
R7R8P-O-R12-PR10R11 (IIa),
R7R8P-NRc-R12-PR10R11 (IIb),
R7R8P-O-R13-O-PR10R11 (IIc),
R7R8P-NRc-R13-NRc-PR10R11 (IId),式中,R7、R8、R10和R11各自独立为有1~20个碳原子的烃基,它们是未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、卤素、C1~C6卤代烷基、(C1~C12烷基)3Si、(C6H5)3Si、C1~C6卤代烷氧基、-NH2、(苯基)2N-、(苄基)2N-、吗啉基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、(C1~C12烷基)2N-、-铵-X1 、-SO3M1、-CO2M1、-PO3M1或-COO-C1~C6烷基取代的,其中M1为碱金属或氢,X1 为一元酸的阴离子;R9为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、C5-或C6-环烷基、苯基、萘基或苄基取代的直链C2~C4亚烷基;有4~10个碳原子的1,2-或1,3-亚环烷基或-亚环烯基、-亚双烷基或-亚双环烯基,每一基为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的;有4~10个碳原子的1,2-或1,3-亚环烷基或亚环烯基、亚双环烷基或亚双环烯基,每一基为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的,并在1-位和/或2-位或3位键联亚甲基或C2~C4亚烷基;在2,3-位被取代的1,4-亚丁基和未取代的或在1,4位被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的1,4-亚丁基,其中R21和R22各自独立为氢、C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基;其N原子被氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基、苄基、C1~C12烷氧基羰基、C1~C8酰基或C1~C12烷氨基羰基取代的3,4-或2,4-亚吡咯烷基或2-亚甲基-吡咯烷-4-基;或1,2-亚苯基、2-亚苄基、1,2-亚二甲基苯、1,8-亚萘基、2,2'-亚联萘基或2,2'-亚联苯基,其中每一个为未取代的或被C1~C4烷基取代的。或者R9为下式基团 或
其中,R14为氢、C1~C8烷基、C1~C4氟代烷基、苯基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基;R12为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、C5-或C6-环烷基、苯基、萘基或苄基取代的直链C2-或C3-亚烷基;有4~10个碳原子的1,2-或1,3-亚环烷基或-亚环烯基、-亚双环烷基或-亚双环烷基,其中每一个为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的;或有4~10个碳原子的1,2-或1,3-亚环烷基或-亚环烯基、-亚双环烷基或-亚双环烯基,其中每一个为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的,并在1位和/或2位或3位键联亚甲基或C2~C4亚烷基;3,4-或2,4-亚吡咯烷基或3-亚甲基-吡咯烷-4-基,其中N原子被氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基、苄基、C1~C12烷氧基羰基、C1~C8酰基或C1~C12烷氨基羰基取代的;或1,2-亚苯基、2-亚苄基、1,2-、2,3-或1,8-亚萘基,其中每一个是未取代的或被C1~C4烷基取代的;以及R13为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、C5-或C6-环烷基、苯基、萘基、或苄基取代的直链C2亚烷基;有4~10个碳原子的1,2-亚环烷基或-亚环烯基、-亚双环烷基或-亚双环烯基,其中每一个为未取代的或被C1~C6烷基、苯基或苄基取代的;3,4-亚吡咯烷基,其中N原子被氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基、苄基、C1~C12烷氧基羰基、C1~C8酰基或C1~C12烷氨基羰基取代的;或未取代的或被C1~C4烷基取代的1,2-亚苯基,或者为在邻位有少于2个羟基的单糖化物或二糖化物的基团;以及Rc为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基或苄基。
R7、R8、R10和R11为相同的或不同的(优选相同的),为以下基团:C1~C6烷基;未取代的或被1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基取代的环戊基和环己基、未取代的或有1~3个C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、F、Cl、C1~C4氟代烷基或C1~C4氟代烷氧基的苄基,特别是苯基。
优选下式二膦和
其中,R15和R16各自独立为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基、苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,R14为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基、苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,R17为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基、苄基、C1~C6烷氧基-CO-、C1~C6烷基-CO-、苯基-CO-、萘基-CO-或C1~C4烷基-NH-CO-,A为二膦基-PR2,其中R为C1~C6烷基、环己基、苯基、苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、-CF3或部分或完全氟化的C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,以及n为0、1或2。在这些二膦中,手性取代的化合物是特别优选的。
一些优选的二膦的例子如下(Ph为苯基):
Ra=甲基环己基苯基
Rc=H,甲基,苯基Rd=H,甲基、苯基
Re=-CO2-叔丁基-CO-叔丁基,H,-CO-苯基-CO-NH-C1-C4烷基Rf=C1-C4烷基、苄基
R14=C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基Rg=苯基或环己基,它们是未取代的或有1~3个甲基、-CF3、或甲氧基取代基
例如由H.B.Kagan in Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis,Asymmetric Synthesis,Volume 5,pp.13-23,Academic Press,Inc.,N.Y.(1985)己描述了适合的二膦和二次膦酸盐。二茂铁二膦配体的制备己描述,如在EP-A-0564 406中和T.Hayashi et al.in Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.,53,pages 1136-1151中。
优选的二膦是{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二丙氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-(1'-吡咯并)苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二戊氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、1,4-二(二苯基膦基)丁烷、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二(4-甲氧基苯基)膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦和优选的{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-苯基)膦。
本发明还涉及一种制备铱化合物的方法,该法包括在碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物存在下,至少等摩尔量铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与二膦反应。
该法包括上述优选的内容。铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与二膦的摩尔比例如可为1∶1至1∶1.5,优选1∶1至1∶1.1。按铱盐或其水合物计,碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物优选过量。按1摩尔铱盐或其水合物计,过量例如可一直到5倍,优选到10倍。
该法可在无溶剂或有溶剂存在下进行。使用与随后在加氢中使用的相同溶剂是有好处的。可单独使用或作为溶剂混合物使用的适合溶剂优选为偶极溶剂。溶剂的例子是有脂族和芳族烃类如戊烷、己烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯、甲苯和二甲苯;醇类如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇、正、异或叔丁醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚;醚类如乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃和二噁烷;卤代烃类如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷和氯苯;酯类和内酯类如乙酸乙酯、丁内酯和戊内酯;酰胺和内酰胺类如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,以及酮类如丙酮、二丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和甲氧基丙酮。
反应温度例如可为-20至100℃,优选0~80℃,特别优选10~70℃。
该法如可按如下进行:加入铱盐或其水合物、二膦和金属特别是碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物,加入适合的溶剂并搅拌混合物,一直到反应完全。可以用色谱法通过测定膦的消耗量,或优选用光谱法如1H-NMR来确定反应结束。反应时间例如可一直到10hr,通常到5hr,优选到2hr。可从反应混合物中除去伴随使用的溶剂,得到均匀的反应混合物。可分出均匀的残留物或再次直接用作加氢的均相催化剂。
可得到的或根据本发明制备的铱化合物特别适合作亚胺加氢的均相加氢催化剂,特别是前手性和手性亚胺不对称加氢。化学转化常常是完全的,可达到70%以上的高光学产率。
本发明还涉及一种在铱催化剂存在下,在有或无惰性溶剂存在下,在升压下,亚胺用氢催化加氢的方法,该法包括用根据本发明的铱化合物或根据本发明制备的铱化合物作为催化剂。
在优选的形式中,另将铵或碱金属的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物加到反应混合物中,特别是当在催化剂制备中未使用过量的这些卤化物时。在另一特别优选的形式中,反应混合物还含有酸。
适合的亚胺是那些含有至少一个
基的亚胺。如果该基团被不对称取代,因此为有前手性酮亚胺基的化合物,如果使用对映体选择性的或非对映体选择性的铱催化剂,有可能在本发明的方法中得到光学异构体的混合物或纯光学异构体。亚胺可含有另外的手性碳原子。在上式中的游离键可用氢或有1~22个碳原子的有机基团或有1~20个碳原子的有机杂原子基团(至少一个杂原子为O、S、N和P)饱和。基团
的氮原子也可用NH2或有1~22个碳原子的伯氨基或有2~40个碳原子的仲氨基饱和。有机基团如被F、Cl、Br、C1~C4卤代烷基(其中卤素优选为F或Cl)、-CN、-NO2、-CO2H、-CONH2、-SO3H、-PO3H2或C1~C12烷基酯或酰胺或被-CO2H、-SO3H和-PO3H2基的苯基酯或苄基酯取代。醛亚胺和酮亚胺基是特别活泼的,用于本发明的方法,除
和/或
基外,它还可使
基选择加氢。还应理解醛亚胺和酮亚胺基包括
腙基。
本发明的方法特别适合于醛亚胺、酮亚胺和腙的加氢,分别生成相应的胺和肼。酮亚胺优选为N-取代的。优选使用手性铱催化剂并使对映体上纯的手性或前手性酮亚胺加氢制备光学异构体,其光学异构体产率(对映体过量,ee)例如大于30%,优选大于50%,其产率大于90%。光学异构体产率表示生成的两种立体异构体的比,其比值如可大于2∶1,优选大于4∶1。
亚胺类优选为式III的亚胺,它加氢生成式IV的胺式中,R3优选为一取代基,其中R3为直链的或支链的C1~C12烷基、有3~8个环上碳原子的环烷基、通过碳原子键联的有3~8个环上原子和1或2个选自O、S和NR6的杂原子的杂环烷基;通过烷基碳原子键联的C7~C16芳烷基或被上面提到的环烷基或杂环烷基或杂芳基取代的C1~C12烷基;或者式中,R3为C6~C12芳基或通过环上碳原子键联的:环中有1或2个杂原子的C4~C11杂芳基;R3是未取代的或被-CN、-NO2、F、Cl、C1~C12烷基、C1~C12烷氧基、C1~C12烷硫基、C1~C6卤代烷基、-OH、C6~C12芳基或芳氧基或芳硫基、C7~C16-芳烷基或-芳烷氧基或-芳烷硫基、有2~24个碳原子的仲氨基、-CONR4R5或-COOR4取代的,芳基和在芳烷基、芳烷氧基和芳烷硫基中的芳基又是未取代的或被-CN、-NO2、F、Cl、C1~C4-烷基、-烷氧基或-烷硫基、-OH、-CONR4R5或COOR4取代的;R4或R5各自独立为氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基或苄基,或者R4和R5一起为四亚甲基或五亚甲基或3-氧代亚戊基;R6有R4相同的含义;R1和R2各自独立为氢原子、C1~C12烷基或有3~8个环上碳原子的环烷基,其中每一个为未取代的或被-OH、C1~C12烷氧基、苯氧基、苄氧基、有2~24个碳原子的仲氨基、-CONR4R5或-COOR4取代的;未取代的或如R3一样取代的C6~C12芳基或C7~C16芳烷基或-CONR4R5或-COOR4,其中R4和R5定义同上;或者R3定义同上,R1和R2一起为有2~5个碳原子的亚烷基,亚烷基可被1或2个-O-、-S-或-NR6-基隔断,和/或未取代的或被=O或上述R1和R2定义的烷基取代,和/或与苯、吡啶、嘧啶、呋喃、噻吩或吡咯稠合。R2定义同上,而R1和R3一起为有2~5个碳原子的亚烷基,它可被1或2个-O-、-S-或-NR6-基团隔断,和/或未取代的或被=O或上述R1和R2定义的烷基取代的,和/或与苯、吡啶、嘧啶、呋喃、噻吩或吡咯稠合。R1、R2和R3可在任何希望的位置上被相同的或不同的基团取代,如1~5个取代基,优选1~3个取代基取代。
基团R1、R2和R3可含有一个或多个手性中心。
对于R1和R2和R3适合的取代基是:C1~C12(优选C1~C6,特别优选C1~C4)烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基,如甲基;乙基;丙基;正、异和叔丁基;戊基、己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基的异构体,以及相应的烷氧基和烷硫基;优选F和Cl作卤素的C1~C6(优选C1~C4)卤代烷基,如三氟或三氯-甲基、二氟-氯甲基、-氟二氯甲基、1,2-二氟乙-1-基、1,1-二氯乙-1-基、1,1,1-三氯-或1,1,1-三氟乙-2-基、五氯乙基、五氟乙基、1,1,1-三氟-2,2-二氯乙基、五氟正丙基、全氟异丙基、全氟正丁基、氟或氯甲基、二氟或二氯甲基、1-氟-或1-氯-乙-2-基或乙-1-基、1-、2-或3-氟-或1-、2-或3-氯-丙-1-基或-丙-2-基或-丙-3-基、、1-氟-或1-氯-丁-1-基、-丁-2-基、-丁-3-基或-丁-4-基、2,3-二氯-丙-1-基、1-氯-2-氟-丙-3-基、2,3-二氯-丁-1-基;C6~C12-芳基、芳氧基或芳硫基,其中芳基优选萘基和特别是苯基、C7~C16芳烷基、-芳烷氧基和-芳烷硫基,其中芳基优选是萘基和特别是苯基以及亚烷基为直链的或支链的,它含有1~10个碳原子,优选1~6,特别是1~3个碳原子,例如苄基、萘甲基、1-或2-苯基乙-1-基或乙-2-基,1-、2-或3-苯基丙-1-基、-丙-2-基或-丙-3-基,苄基是特别优选的;含上述芳基的基团又可为单取代的或多取代的,如被C1~C4烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基、卤素、-OH、-CONR4R5或-COOR5取代,其中R4和R5为定义同上;例子是甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基、丁基、相应的烷氧基和烷硫基、F、Cl、Br、二甲基-、甲基乙基-和二乙基-氨基甲酰基和甲氧基-、乙氧基-、苯氧基-和苄氧基-羰基;卤素优选F和Cl;有2~24(优选2~12,特别优选2~6)个碳原子的仲氨基,优选含有两个烷基的仲氨基,如二甲基-、甲基乙基-、二乙基-、甲基丙基-、甲基正丁基、二正丙基、二正丁基、二正己基-氨基;-CONR4R5,其中R4和R5各自独立为C1~C12(优选C1~C6,特别优选C1~C4)烷基,或R4和R5一起是四亚甲基或五亚甲基或3-氧代亚戊基,烷基为直链的或支链的,例如二甲基-、甲基乙基-、二乙基-、甲基正丙基-、乙基正丙基-、二正丙基-、甲基正丁基-、乙基正丁基-、正丙基正丁基-和二正丁基-氨基甲酰基;-COOR4,其中R4为C1~C12-(优选C1~C6)烷基,它可为直链的或支链的,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基、正、异和叔丁基,以及戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基的异构体。
R1、R2和R3可优选含有官能基,如酮基、-CN、-NO2、碳双键、N-O-、芳族卤素基和酰氨基。
R1和R2作为杂芳基优选是有1个或2个相同的或不同的杂原子特别是O、S或N的五元环或六元环基,它含有4或5个碳原子,可与苯稠合。可得到R1的杂芳烃的例子是呋喃、吡咯、噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、吲哚和喹啉。
R1和R2作为杂芳基取代的烷基优选由有1个或2个相同的或不同的杂原子特别是O、S或N的五元环或6元环得到,它优选含有4或5个碳原子,可与苯稠合。杂芳烃的例子是呋喃、吡咯、噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、吲哚和喹啉。
R1和R2作为杂环烷基或杂环烷基取代的烷基优选含4~6个环上原子和1或2个相同的或不同的选自O、S和NR6的杂原子。它可与苯稠合。例如它可由吡咯烷、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、二氢化茚、吡唑烷、恶唑烷、哌啶、哌嗪或吗啉得到。
R1、R2和R3作为烷基优选为未取代的或取代的C1~C6(特别是C1~C4)烷基,它可为直链的或支链的。例子是甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、异、正和叔丁基,戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷的异构体。
R1、R2和R3作为未取代的或取代的环烷基优选含有3~6(优选5或6)个环上碳原子。例子是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。
R1、R2和R3作为芳基优选为未取代的或取代的萘基特别是苯基。R1、R2和R3作为芳烷基优选为未取代的或取代的在亚烷基中有1~10(优选1~6,特别优选1~4)个碳原子的苯烷基,亚烷基是直链的或支链的。例子特别是苄基以及1-苯基乙-1-基、2-苯基乙-1-基、1-苯基丙-1-基、1-苯基丙-2-基-、1-苯基丙-3-基、2-苯基丙-1-基、2-苯基-丙-2-基和1-苯基丁-4-基。
在R2和R3作为-CONR4R5和-COOR4中,R4和R5优选为C1~C6(优选C1~C4)烷基,或R4和R5一起为四亚甲基、五亚甲基或3-氧杂亚戊基。烷基的例子是上面提到的。
R1和R2一起或R1和R3一起作为亚烷基优选被一个-O-、-S-或-NR6(优选-O-)隔断。R1和R2一起或R1和R3一起分别与它们键联的碳原子或-N=C基团优选形成五元环或六元环。对于取代基,优选上面提到的。作为稠合的亚烷基,R1和R2一起或R1和R3一起优选是与苯或吡啶稠合的亚烷基。亚烷基的例子是:亚乙基、1,2-或1,3-亚丙基、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基和1,6-亚己基。隔断的或=O取代的亚烷基的例子是2-氧杂-1,3-亚丙基、2-氧杂-1,4-亚丁基、2-氧杂-或3-氧杂-1,5-亚戊基、3-硫杂-1,5-亚戊基、2-硫杂-1,4-亚丁基、2-硫杂-1,3-亚丙基、2-甲基亚氨基-1,3-亚丙基、2-乙基亚氨基-1,4-亚丁基、2-或3-甲基亚氨基-1,5-亚戊基、1-氧代-2-氧杂-1,3-亚丙基、1-氧代-2-氧杂-1,4-亚丁基、2-氧代-3-氧杂-1,4-亚丁基、1-氧杂-2-氧代-1,5-亚戊基。稠合的亚烷基的例子是:稠合的和隔断的和未取代的或=O取代的亚烷基的例子是:
R4和R5优选各自独立为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基或苄基。R6优选为氢或C1~C4烷基。
由前手性亚胺生成另一优选基团,其中在式III中R1、R2和R3各不相同,R3不为氢。
在特别优选的一组中,在式III中,R3为2,6-二(C~C4烷基)苯-1-基,特别是2,6-二甲基苯-1-基或2-甲基-6-乙基苯-1-基,R1为C1~C4烷基,特别是乙基或甲基,以及R2为C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧甲基或C1~C4烷氧乙基,特别是甲氧甲基。
式III的亚胺是己知的,或可按己知的方法由醛或酮和伯胺制备。
铱催化剂可作为经分离的化合物加到反应混合物中。但是,己证明在有或没有溶剂的条件下在反应前就地制备催化剂并直接将它们用于加氢是有好处的,例如首先将酸加到就地制备的催化剂中。
按亚胺计,铱催化剂的用量优选为0.0001~10%(mol),特别是0.0001~10%(mol),更特别是0.01~5%(mol)。
亚胺与铱催化剂的摩尔比如可为1000000到10,优选500000到20,特别是300000到100。
该法优选在以下条件下进行:温度为-20~100℃,优选0~80℃,更优选10~70℃,氢压为2×105~1.5×107Pa(5~150bar),更优选106~107Pa(10~100bar)。
本发明加氢方法的有利形式包括还使用铵或碱金属的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物。按铱催化剂计,这些氯化物、溴化物和碘化物的用量优选为0.01~200%(mol),优选0.05~100%(mol),更优选0.5~50%(mol)。碘化物是优选的。铵优选为其烷基有1~6个碳原子的四烷基铵,碱金属优选为钠、锂或钾。四丁基碘化铵是特别优选的。
反应可在有或没有非质子传递溶剂或质子溶剂存在下进行。可单独使用或作为溶剂混合物使用的适合溶剂特别是非质子传递溶剂。例子是:脂族和芳族烃类,如戊烷、己烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯、甲苯和二甲苯;醚类,如乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃和二恶烷;卤代烃类,如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷和氯苯;酯类和内酯类,如乙酸乙酯、丁内酯和戊内酯;酰胺和内酰胺类,如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,以及酮类,如丙酮、二丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和甲氧基丙酮。链烷醇也是适合的,如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或甲氧基乙醇。
本发明方法的一个具体形式包括还使用酸。它可为无机酸或优选有机酸。优选使用与铱催化剂(等于催化量)至少等摩尔量的酸,也可使用过量的酸。甚至可用过量的酸作溶剂。按未饱和的有机化合物计,优选使用0.1~50%(重)酸。在许多情况下,使用无水酸是有好处的。
无机酸的一些例子是H2SO4、高浓度硫酸(发烟硫酸)、H3PO4、正磷酸、HF、HCL、HBr、HF、HCLO4、HBF4、HPF6、HAsF6、HSbCL6、HSbF6和HB(苯基)4。H2SO4是优选的。
有机酸的例子是有1~20(优选1~12,更优选1~6)个碳原子的脂族或芳族(可卤代的如氟代的或氯代的)羧酸、磺酸、膦酸(V)(如膦酸、亚膦酸)。例子是甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、环己烷羧酸、氯-或氟乙酸、二氯-或二氟乙酸、三氯-或三氯乙酸、氯苯甲酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、氯苯磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸、甲基膦酸和苯基膦酸。优选的酸是乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、甲烷磺酸和氯乙酸。
详细地说,本发明的方法可首先制备催化剂。在高压釜中,将不饱和的有机化合物的溶液加到催化剂溶液中(反之亦然),加氢压,如此除去保护气体,保护气体的使用是有好处的。如果需要,将反应混合物加热,然后加氢。当反应中止后,将反应混合物冷却,给高压釜卸压。在压力下用氮气将反应混合物排出高压釜,可用己知的方法分离和纯化经加氢的有机化合物,如沉淀法、萃取法或蒸馏法。催化剂,然后可再次使用,如果需要加入新鲜催化剂来弥补损失。
在醛亚胺和酮亚胺加氢的情况下,醛亚胺和酮亚胺也可在加氢前或加氢过程中就地生成。在一优选的形式中,胺和醛或酮混合在一起,并加到催化剂溶液中,就地生成的醛亚胺或酮亚胺被加氢。但是,也可使用胺、酮或醛与催化剂一起作为最初的批料,并将酮或醛或胺全部一次或计量加到其中,当使用这一方法时,如用共沸蒸馏或加入水结合剂的方法除去由生成亚胺的反应得到的反应水是有好处的。
可按本发明制备的胺是生物活性化合物或是制备这样的化合物的中间体,特别在制备药物和农用化学品领域。例如,O,O-二烷基芳基酮胺衍生物,特别是含有烷基和/或烷氧烷基的是有效的杀霉剂,特别是作为除草剂。这些衍生物可为胺盐、酸酰胺,如氯乙酸酰胺、叔胺和铵盐(如见EP-A-0077755和EP-A-0115470)。
本发明还涉及加氢催化剂,它们是铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦和碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的反应产物。
本发明还涉及铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物、有仲膦基的二膦和碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的反应产物作为加氢催化剂的应用。
以下实施例更详细地说明本发明。用气相色谱法测定化学转化率〔DB17/30W柱(15m),制造商:JCWScientific Inc,USA,升温程序:60℃/1min到220℃,ΔT:10×min1〕。用气相色谱法〔Chirasil-Val柱,50m,制造商:ALltech,USA,T=150℃,等温〕、HPLC法〔Chiracel OD柱)或1H-NMR谱法(使用移位剂)测定光学产率(对映体过量,ee)
实施例A1:铱催化剂的制备
将9.1mg(0.029mmol)Ircl3水合物、21.4mg(0.033mmol){(R)-1-〔(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基〕}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦和150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶于20ml四氢呋喃中,然后在50℃下搅拌2hr。然后除去溶剂。留下可溶性固体残留物,它直接用于实施例B1。
B)应用实施例
实施例B1:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基-苯-1-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
将实施例A1的残留物溶于2.5ml乙酸中。将催化剂溶液和5ml(0.024mmol)N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基-苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙-1-基亚胺依次送入50ml处于惰性气体下的钢高压釜中。在四次循环(10bar,常压)中,用氢置换惰性气体。然后加25bar氢压。在25℃下反应10hr后中止反应。转化率为100%,光学产率为78.8%(s)。
实施例B2:N-(2'-甲基-6′-乙基-苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙基胺的制备
按类似实施例A1描述的方法制备催化剂,由9.1mg(0.029mmol)IrCl3水合物、21.4mg(0.033mmol){(R)-1-〔S〕-2-二苯基-膦基)二茂铁基〕}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦和150mg(0.5mmol)四丁基氯化铵于20mlTHF中制备。将催化剂溶于2.5ml乙酸中。然后在60bar氢压和25℃下,类似实施例B1进行加氢。反应时间为43hr,转化率73%,对映体过量37%(S)。
实施例B3:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
该法类似实施例B2进行,但使用以下改变的反应条件:
150mg(1.3mmol溴化钾。反应时间为91hr,转化率100%,对映体过量63%(S)。
实施例B4:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
该法类似实施例B2进行,但使用以下改变的反应条件:
23.1mg(0.033mmol){(R)-1-〔(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基〕}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二丙氨基苯基)膦,150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵,30bar氢压。反应时间为3.5hr,转化率97%,对映体过量81.7%(S)。
实施例B5:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
该法类似实施例B2进行,但使用以下改变的反应条件:
14.1mg(0.033mmol)(2R,4R)-双(二苯基膦基)戊烷、150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵,30bar氢压。反应时间为21.5hr,转化率95%,对映体过量46.9%(S)。
实施例B6:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
该法类似实施例B2进行,但使用以下改变的反应条件:15.4mg(0.029mmol)IrBr3水合物,19.5mg(0.033mmol){(R)-1-[(S)-2-二(2-甲基苯基)膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二苯基膦,0.1ml三氟乙酸于52ml甲苯中,150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵。反应时间为71hr,转化率15%,对映体过量29.4%(S)。
实施例B7:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
该法类似实施例B2进行,但使用以下改变的反应条件:19.9mg(0.33mmol)(R)(+)-2,2'-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1'-联萘,0.1ml甲烷磺酸于2.5ml甲苯和2ml异丙醇中,150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵、30bar氢压。反应时间为56hr,转化率75%,对映体过量31%。
实施例B8:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备、
催化剂按类似实施例A1描述的方法制备,由9.1mg(0.029mmol)IrCl3水合物,15.6mg(0.033mmol)(4S,5S)-(+)-4,5-双(二苯基膦基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环和150mg(0.4mmol)四丁基碘化铵于20mlTHF中制备。将催化剂溶于5ml异丙醇中。然后加氢类似实施例BI在30bar氢压和25℃下进行。反应时间为22hr,转化率21%。
实施例B9:N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙胺的制备
依次将5ml(0.024mmol)N-(2'-甲基-6'-乙基苯-1'-基)-N-(1-甲氧基甲基)乙基亚胺、2ml乙酸、14.6mg(0.03mmol)H2IrCl6·6H2O、21.4mg(0.033mmol){(R)-1-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦和150mg(0.5mmol)四丁基氯化铵送入50ml钢高压釜。然后密闭高压釜并置于氩气气氛中。最后,改变气体套,加25bar氢压。在室温下反应18hr后,得到转化率为92%,对映体过量76.6(S)。
Claims (48)
1.一种铱化合物,它可通过铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦在金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物存在下反应制得。
2.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中铱(III)盐或其水合物为式I的化合物
[Ir3][Xn]3/n·mH2O (I)式中,X为酸的n价阴离子,n为1、2或3,m为0或大于0至8的整数或分数。
3.根据权利要求2的铱化合物,其中Xn为有机酸或无机酸的阴离子,有机酸选自含有1~12个碳原子的脂族或芳族羧酸、磺酸和膦酸,它们是未取代的或被F或Cl取代的;无机酸选自氢卤酸、四氟硼酸、四苯基硼酸、六氟磷酸、六氟砷酸、六氟锑酸和六氟铋酸以及元素N、P、S、F、Cl、Br和I的含氧酸。
4.根据权利要求2的铱化合物,其中Xn为卤酸根。
5.根据权利要求2的铱化合物,其中式I的铱(III)盐为IrCl3·mH2O,其中m为1~4中的一个数。
6.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中在金属或碱金属卤化物中的金属阳离子或碱金属阳离子为Li、Na和K。
7.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中卤化铵中的铵阳离子是NH4 、有1~20个碳原子的伯铵、有2~24个碳原子的仲铵、有3~24个碳原子的叔铵或有4~24个碳原子的季铵。
8.根据权利要求7的铱化合物,其中在卤化铵中的季铵阳离子是式苯基N-(C1~C6烷基)3、苄基N(C1~C6烷基)3或(C1~C6烷基)4N的季铵阳离子。
9.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中碱金属卤化物或卤化铵是溴化物或碘化物。
10.根据权利要求9的铱化合物,其中碱金属卤化物或卤化铵是LiI、NaI或KI或(C1~C6烷基)4NI。
11.根据权利要求9的铱化合物,其中卤化铵是四丁基碘化铵。
12.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中有仲膦基的二膦优选是这样的二膦(a)其膦基键联到有2~4个碳原子的碳链上,或(b)其膦基或直接键联或通过环戊二烯环的邻位中的桥联基-CRaRb-键联或都键联到二茂铁基的环戊二烯基上,或(c)其一个膦基键联到有2或3个碳原子的碳链上,而另一个膦基键联到端接到碳链的氧原子或氮原子上,或(d)其膦基键联到端接到C2碳链的两个氧原子或氮原子上;在(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)的情况下,与Ir原子一起形成五、六或七元环,Ra和Rb各自独立为氢、C1~C8烷基、C1~C4氟代烷基、苯基或苄基,或者为有1~3个C1~C4烷基或烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基。
13.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中二膦含有至少一个手性碳原子。
14.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中仲膦基含有两个相同的或不同的以下基团:直链的或支链的C1~C12烷基;未取代的或C1~C6烷基或C1~C6烷氧取代的C5~C12环烷基、C5~C12环烷基-CH2-、苯基或苄基;或被卤素(如F、Cl或Br)、C1~C6卤代烷基、(C1~C12烷基)3Si、(C6H5)3Si、C1~C6卤代烷氧基(如三氟甲氧基)、-NH2、(苯基)2N-、(苄基)2N-、吗啉基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、(C1~C12烷基)2N-、铵-X1 、-SO3M1、-CO2M1或-COO-C1~C6烷基取代的苯基或苄基,其中M1为碱金属或氢,X1 为一元酸的阴离子。
15.根据权利要求1的铱化合物,其中二膦有下式:或
式中,R15和R16各自独立为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,R14为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基、苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,R17为氢、C1~C4烷基、苯基、苄基、C1~C6烷氧基-CO-、C1~C6烷基-CO-、苯基-CO-、萘基-CO-或C1~C4烷基-NH-CO-,A为二膦基-PR2,其中R为C1~C6烷基、环己基、苯基、苄基或有1~3个C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、-CF3或部分或全部氟化的C1~C4烷氧基取代基的苯基或苄基,以及n为0、1或2。
16.根据权利要求15的铱化合物,其中二膦为{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二丙氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-(1'-吡咯代)苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二戊氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二(4-甲氧基苯基)膦基)二茂铁基]}乙烯-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、优选{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦。
17.一种制备铱化合物的方法,该法包括至少等摩尔量的铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦在碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物存在下相互反应。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其中铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与二膦的摩尔比为1∶1至1∶1.5。
19.根据权利要求17的方法,其中按铱(III)或铱(VI)盐或其水合物计,碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物过量。
20.根据权利要求17的方法,其中反应温度为-20至100℃。
21.根据权利要求17的方法,其中反应在偶极溶液中进行。
22.根据权利要求17的方法,其中二膦是{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二丙氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二异丙基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二苄氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-(1′-吡咯代)苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二戊氨基苯基)膦、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷、{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二(4-甲氧基苯基)膦基)二茂铁基]}乙烯-二(3,5-二甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)膦、优选{(R)-1-[(S)-2-二苯基膦基)二茂铁基]}乙基-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦。
23.一种在铱催化剂存在下,在有或没有惰性溶剂的条件下,在升压下亚胺用氢催化加氢的方法,其中权利要求1的铱化合物用作催化剂。
25.根据权利要求23的方法,其中亚胺含有>C=N-和>C=N-N-基团中至少一个基团和另一不饱和基团>C=C<和>C=O。
26.根据权利要求25的方法,其中游离键被氢或有1~22个碳原子的有机基团或有1~20个碳原子的有机杂原子基团饱和,至少一个杂原子选自O、S、N和P;或者>C=N-的氮原子被NH2或有1~22个碳原子的伯氨基或有2~40个碳原子的仲氨基饱和。
27.根据权利要求23的方法,其中醛亚胺、酮亚胺和腙被加氢。
28.根据权利要求27的方法,其中亚胺为式III的亚胺它被加氢生成式IV的胺式中,R3优选为一取代基,其中R3为直链的或支链的C1~C12烷基、有3~8个环上碳原子的环烷基、通过碳原子键联的有3~8个环上原子和1或2个选自O、S和NR6的杂原子的杂环烷基;通过烷基碳原子键联的C7~C16芳烷基或被上面提到的环烷基或杂环烷基或杂芳基取代的C1~C12烷基;或者式中,R3为C6~C12芳基或通过环上碳原子键联的:环中有1或2个杂原子的C4~C11杂芳基;R3是未取代的或被-CN、-NO2、F、Cl、C1~C12烷基、C1~C12烷氧基、C1~C12烷硫基、C1~C6卤代烷基、-OH、C6~C12芳基或芳氧基或芳硫基、C7~C16-芳烷基或-芳烷氧基或-芳烷硫基、有2~24个碳原子的仲氨基、-CONR4R5或-COOR4取代的,芳基和在芳烷基、芳烷氧基和芳烷硫基中的芳基又是未取代的或被-CN、-NO2、F、Cl、C1~C4-烷基、-烷氧基或-烷硫基、-OH、-CONR4R5或COOR4取代的;R4或R5各自独立为氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基或苄基,或者R4和R5一起为四亚甲基或五亚甲基或3-氧代亚戊基;R6有R4相同的含义;R1和R2各自独立为氢原子、C1~C12烷基或有3~8个环上碳原子的环烷基,其中每一个为未取代的或被-OH、C1~C12烷氧基、苯氧基、苄氧基、有2~24个碳原子的仲氨基、-CONR4R5或-COOR4取代的;未取代的或如R3一样取代的C6~C12芳基或C7~C16芳烷基或-CONR4R5或-COOR4,其中R4和R5定义同上;或者R3定义同上,R1和R2一起为有2~5个碳原子的亚烷基,亚烷基可被1或2个-O-、-S-或-NR6-基隔断,和/或未取代的或被=O或上述R1和R2定义的烷基取代,和/或与苯、吡啶、嘧啶、呋喃、噻吩或吡咯稠合。R2定义同上,而R1和R3一起为有2~5个碳原子的亚烷基,它可被1或2个-O-、-S-或-NR6-基团隔断,和/或未取代的或被=O或上述R1和R2定义的烷基取代的,和/或与苯、吡啶、嘧啶、呋喃、噻吩或吡咯稠合。
29.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1和R2作为杂芳基形成有1或2个相同或不同杂原子的五元环或六元环。
30.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1和R2作为杂芳基取代的烷基由有1或2个相同的或不同的杂原子的五元环或六元环得到。
31.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1和R2作为杂环烷基或杂环烷基取代的烷基含有4~6个环上原子和1或2个相同的或不同的选自O、S或NR6的杂原子,其中R6为氢、C1~C12烷基、苯基或苄基。
32.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1、R2和R3作为烷基是未取代的或取代的C1~C6烷基。
33.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1、R2和R3作为未取代的或取代的环烷基含有3~6个环上原子。
34.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1、R2和R3作为芳基是未取代的或取代的萘基或苯基,以及R1、R2和R3作为芳烷基是未取代的或在亚烷基中有1~10个碳原子的取代苯烷基。
35.根据权利要求27的方法,其中R1和R2一起或R1或R3一起分别与它们键联的碳原子或=N-C基形成五元环或六元环。
36.根据权利要求27的方法,其中在式I中R3为2,6-二(C1~C4烷苯-1-基),R1为C1~C4烷基和R2为C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧甲基或C1~C4烷氧乙基。
37.根据权利要求36的方法,其中R3为2,6-二甲基苯-1-基或2-甲基-6-乙基-苯-1-基,R1为乙基或甲基,R2为甲氧甲基。
38.根据权利要求23的方法,其中还使用酸。
39.根据权利要求38的方法,其中酸为无机酸或有机酸。
40.根据权利要求38的方法,其中按不饱和有机化合物计,酸的用量为0.1~50%(重)。
41.根据权利要求39的方法,其中有机酸为脂族或芳族羧酸、磺酸或膦(V)酸。
42.根据权利要求39的方法,其中有机酸是乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、氯乙酸或甲烷磺酸以及无机酸是H2SO4。
43.根据权利要求23的方法,其中不饱和有机化合物与铱催化剂的摩尔比为500000~20。
44.根据权利要求23的方法,其中反应温度为-20至100℃。
45.根据权利要求23的方法,其中氢为5~150bar。
46.根据权利要求23的方法,其中在加氢前或加氢过程中生成的醛亚胺或酮亚胺被加氢。
47.一种加氢催化剂,它是铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦和碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的反应产物。
48.铱(III)或铱(IV)盐或其水合物与有仲膦基的二膦和碱金属或铵的氯化物、溴化物或碘化物的反应产物作为加氢催化剂的应用。
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Cited By (2)
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CN102950025A (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-03-06 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | 一种亚胺不对称加氢催化剂及其用途 |
CN104557563A (zh) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种合成(r)-1-苯基丁胺的方法 |
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UA51652C2 (uk) * | 1995-06-08 | 2002-12-16 | Новартіс Аг | Спосіб гідрування імінів |
TW330194B (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1998-04-21 | Novartis Ag | Process for the hydrogenation of imines |
EP0850241B1 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2001-08-29 | Novartis AG | Iridium-diphosphine complexes and process for the hydrogenation of imines |
DE19750306A1 (de) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-05-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektronisches Steuergerät |
KR20010086436A (ko) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-09-12 | 마르크 젠너 | 비대칭 촉매반응용 키랄 리간드 |
DE19952348A1 (de) * | 1998-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Degussa | Liganden und Komplexe zur enantioselektiven Hydrierung |
ATE297807T1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2005-07-15 | Firmenich & Cie | Stereospezifische isomerierung von allylaminen unter verwendung von immobilisierten chiralen phospho-liganden |
JP4658289B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-08 | 2011-03-23 | 東ソ−・エフテック株式会社 | 光学活性な含フッ素アミノ酸誘導体の製造方法 |
US7428425B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2008-09-23 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing biasing criteria for binary decisions for use in wireless communications to enhance protection |
JP2007516971A (ja) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-06-28 | ソルヴィーアス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | フェロセニル−1,2−ジホスフィン類、それらの製造および使用 |
WO2005121352A2 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Carotenoid ketolase genes with improved ketocarotenoid yield |
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EP0256982B1 (de) * | 1986-08-04 | 1991-08-28 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von optisch aktiven sekundären Arylaminen |
US5011995A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1991-04-30 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for the preparation of optically active secondary amines |
US5112999A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1992-05-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Iridium complexes, process for their preparation and their use |
US5187281A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1993-02-16 | Ethyl Corporation | Asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic-substituted olefins using organoiridium catalyst |
EP0564406B1 (de) * | 1992-04-02 | 1999-05-06 | Novartis AG | Ferrocenyldiphosphine als Liganden für homogene Katalysatoren |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102950025A (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-03-06 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | 一种亚胺不对称加氢催化剂及其用途 |
CN102950025B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2014-09-10 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | 一种亚胺不对称加氢催化剂及其用途 |
CN104557563A (zh) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种合成(r)-1-苯基丁胺的方法 |
CN104557563B (zh) * | 2013-10-22 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种合成(r)‑1‑苯基丁胺的方法 |
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IL112493A (en) | 1999-11-30 |
DE69512765T2 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
GR3032068T3 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
ZA95780B (en) | 1995-08-02 |
ATE185570T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
IL112493A0 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
EP0741738B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
DK0741738T3 (da) | 2000-04-17 |
JPH09508400A (ja) | 1997-08-26 |
US6218559B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
ES2137494T3 (es) | 1999-12-16 |
HRP950045A2 (en) | 1997-06-30 |
US5912375A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
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DE69512765D1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
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