CN113983144A - Space shafting becomes preloading mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction is vice - Google Patents
Space shafting becomes preloading mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction is vice Download PDFInfo
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- CN113983144A CN113983144A CN202111120337.2A CN202111120337A CN113983144A CN 113983144 A CN113983144 A CN 113983144A CN 202111120337 A CN202111120337 A CN 202111120337A CN 113983144 A CN113983144 A CN 113983144A
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- spiral
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- bearing
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- shafting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/0018—Shaft assemblies for gearings
- F16H57/0025—Shaft assemblies for gearings with gearing elements rigidly connected to a shaft, e.g. securing gears or pulleys by specially adapted splines, keys or methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
- F16H57/022—Adjustment of gear shafts or bearings
Abstract
The invention provides a space shafting variable preload mechanism based on an SMA wire and a spiral friction pair, which comprises a pair of angular contact ball bearings 1, the SMA wire, a spiral rotor ring, a spiral stator ring, a thrust needle bearing, a bearing seat, a bearing inner ring end cover, a bearing outer ring end cover, a bushing and a corrugated spring piece. The spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are arranged between the outer rings of the ball bearings, and two ends of the SMA wire are connected to the outer surfaces of the two spiral rings and used for driving the spiral rotor ring to rotate. When the mechanism is assembled, due to the self-locking characteristic of the spiral contact surface, the mechanism can keep large preload of a shafting assembly stage; when the mechanism is subjected to variable load, the SMA wire drives the spiral rotor ring to change the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring after the spiral rotor ring is matched with the spiral stator ring, so that proper preload is provided for shafting rotation. The variable preloading mechanism for the space shafting is simple and compact, can realize multi-phase variable loading, is convenient to process and test on the ground, and meets the related technical requirements of the spaceflight shafting on a light and efficient driving mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shafting preloading adjusting mechanisms, in particular to a space shafting variable preloading mechanism for multiphase preloading adjustment.
Background
The space shafting is an important component of servo rotating type space navigation products such as a solar panel driving mechanism, a control moment gyroscope, a space control mechanical arm and the like, and the space electromechanical products need the shafting to have higher rigidity when being launched so as to resist vibration and impact in the launching process; after the transmission is in orbit, in order to ensure the rotation precision and the service life of the product, a shaft system is expected to have smaller friction resistance moment and fluctuation quantity to realize high-precision servo control. The existing technical means is that preload is applied to a space axis system, so that the space axis system has enough rigidity to resist dynamic load generated during rocket launching, and no corresponding technical means is used for relieving the preload after a spacecraft is in orbit, so that the friction resistance of the space axis system is too large during orbit working, the temperature rise is aggravated, and the service life and the rotation precision are seriously influenced.
Based on the driving principles of hydraulic pressure, electromagnetism, piezoelectricity and the like, a plurality of shafting variable preloading mechanisms have been developed at home and abroad, the mechanisms often have large auxiliary systems, and due to the particularity of the space environment, the application of the variable preloading mechanisms in the spacecraft is severely limited. In recent years, aiming at the variable preload requirement of a shafting under a space use environment, an active variable preload mechanism of a bistable beam is developed in a European space tribology laboratory, and an active variable preload mechanism of an SMA column array is developed by French ADR company, wherein the two schemes have the advantages of high reliability, good driving precision and the like, but the active variable preload mechanism of the bistable beam has a complex structure and large processing difficulty and can only realize high-low two-phase preload adjustment, while the active variable preload mechanism of the SMA column array has the advantages of low response speed, poor synchronism, complex processing technology of the SMA column and higher ground test cost, and in addition, the scheme can only realize high-low two-phase preload adjustment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems of overlarge size, complex structure, large processing difficulty, limited variable load capacity, inconvenience for ground test and the like in the prior art, and provides the variable preloading mechanism of the space shafting, which has simple and compact structure, can change load in multiple phases and is convenient for processing and ground test, aiming at the use requirement of the space shafting.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a space shafting becomes preloading mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction is vice specifically includes: angular contact ball bearing, SMA silk, spiral rotor ring, spiral stator ring, thrust bearing, bearing frame, bearing inner ring end cover, bearing outer ring end cover, bush, ripple spring leaf.
The angular contact ball bearing comprises 1 pair of angular contact ball bearings, wherein the inner ring parts of the angular contact ball bearings are rotating parts and are matched with shaft shoulder sections extending out of end covers of inner rings of the bearings, and the end covers of the inner rings of the bearings are connected with a servo motor so as to drive the inner rings of the angular contact ball bearings to rotate at a set rotating speed; a bush is arranged between the two angular contact ball bearings to jointly form a force transmission loop; the outer ring portion of the angular ball bearing is the stationary component that is supported on the bearing housing. The spiral rotor ring, the spiral stator ring and the thrust needle roller bearing are placed between outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings. And two ends of the SMA wire are respectively connected to the outer surfaces of the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring and used for driving the spiral rotor ring to rotate. The corrugated spring piece is arranged between the end surface of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing and the end cover of the outer ring of the bearing and used for compressing the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing.
When the mechanism is assembled, the connecting screw between the end covers of the inner ring of the bearing is screwed down, axial load is applied to the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing, the load is transmitted to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing through the rolling body, so that the bearing play is eliminated, and the shafting preload is at a high level at the moment, so that the transient load of the spacecraft in the launching stage can be resisted.
When the mechanism is subjected to variable load, the SMA wire is electrified and heated, so that the SMA wire is heated to generate phase change and contract, the spiral rotor ring is driven to rotate, the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring after matching is changed, and the preload level of a shaft system is adjusted.
When needing to reset, pass the square hole of bearing frame surface with two long screws, twist the screw hole that resets on screw rotor ring and the spiral stator ring, reverse rotating screw rotor ring for angular contact ball bearing outer loop is pushed up tightly, has improved the bearing preload, and the state when the mechanism resumes initial assembly.
Further, 1 diagonal contact ball bearing is back-to-back installation, guarantees that the shafting can enough bear radial load, also can bear axial load.
Furthermore, the outer ring of the 1 pair of angular contact ball bearings is in small clearance fit with the bearing seat, so that the outer ring of the bearing can be displaced in the axial direction when the bearing becomes preloaded.
Further, the SMA wire can control the phase transformation degree by controlling the electrifying current and the electrifying time, so that the spiral rotor ring rotates by a specific angle, and the mechanism is switched among a plurality of stable preloading states, namely, multiphase transformation load is realized.
Further, the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are both of a ring-like structure, the axial end face on one side is a spiral face, the axial end face on the other side is a plane, the spiral faces of the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are matched with each other, and under the action of axial load, due to the fact that the spiral faces in contact with each other have friction self-locking characteristics, the whole axial length can be kept unchanged after the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are matched with each other, and high shafting preloading is maintained.
Further, the spiral rotor ring overcomes the friction resistance to rotate under the action of the circumferential driving force provided by the SMA, so that the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring after being matched is changed, and the preload adjustment is realized.
Further, the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are provided with SMA wire mounting grooves for fixing the SMA wires, and driving force generated when the SMA wires are electrified and contracted is applied to the spiral rotor ring through the end faces of the mounting grooves.
Furthermore, a square hole is formed in the bearing seat and used for leading out a power supply lead of the SMA wire (2) and resetting the mechanism.
Furthermore, the bearing inner ring end cover is connected with a servo motor, and then the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is driven to rotate.
Further, be equipped with the screw hole that resets on screw rotor ring and the screw stator ring, when the mechanism resets, the square hole that the long screw passed on the bearing frame is twisted and is reset the screw hole, when exerting reset torque to the screw rotor ring through the long screw, the screw rotor takes place the rotating, and then makes angular contact ball bearing outer loop by the top tight, and the preload increase of bearing, this design make the operation that resets need not carry out the dismouting to shafting preloading adjustment mechanism itself, have improved the efficiency of ground test.
Compared with the prior shafting variable preloading technology, the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, multiphase variable loading, convenient processing and ground test, light weight, high efficiency and the like, and is particularly shown in the following aspects:
(1) the SMA wire is used as a driving element, so that the energy density is high, the driving capability is strong, and an additional system is not required to be additionally designed; the spiral rotor ring and the spiral stator ring are arranged between the two bearing outer rings, so that the compactness of the shafting structure is ensured.
(2) The variable preload mechanism designed by the invention has the capacity of multi-phase variable load, and the degree of SMA phase change can be controlled by controlling the heating current and the heating time of the SMA, so that the spiral rotor ring rotates at different angles, and different multi-phase variable preload effects are realized.
(3) The variable preload mechanism has simple structure of each part and is convenient for processing or modification design; in the ground test stage, the mechanism can be reset by reversely rotating the spiral rotor ring, so that the experiment cost is saved.
(4) The variable preload mechanism designed by the invention has small influence on the original axial stiffness and small additional mass, does not add extra transmission parts, and meets the requirements of the aerospace mechanism on the light and high-efficiency driving technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spiral ring structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the SMA wires, spiral rings, and planar roller pins of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the bearing inner ring end cover of the invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. angular contact ball bearings; SMA wires; 3. a helical rotor ring; 4. a helical stator ring; 5. a thrust needle bearing; 6. a bearing seat; 7. an inner ring end cover of the bearing; 8. an outer ring end cover of the bearing; 9. a bushing; 10. a corrugated spring plate; 701. a first bearing inner ring end cap; 702. and the second bearing inner ring is provided with an end cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a space shafting variable preload mechanism based on SMA and helical friction pair, which includes: the bearing comprises a pair of angular contact ball bearings 1, SMA wires 2, a spiral rotor ring 3, a spiral stator ring 4, a planar roller pin 5, a bearing seat 6, a bearing inner ring end cover 7, a bearing outer ring end cover 8, a bushing 9 and a corrugated spring piece 10.
The inner ring of the two angular contact ball bearings 1 which are arranged back to back is supported on a shaft shoulder section extending out of a bearing inner ring end cover 7, and the inner ring is driven to rotate at a set rotating speed in a mode that the bearing inner ring end cover 7 is connected with a servo motor; the axial end surface of the inner ring positioned at the inner side is contacted with the bush 9 to form a force transmission loop; the outer ring part of the angular contact ball bearing 1 is a stationary part and is supported on a bearing seat. The helical rotor ring 3, the helical stator ring 4 and the thrust needle bearing 5 are placed between the outer rings of the angular contact ball bearing 1. Two ends of the SMA wire 2 are respectively connected to the outer surfaces of the spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4 and are used for driving the spiral rotor ring 3 to rotate. The corrugated spring piece 10 is placed between the outer ring end face of the angular contact ball bearing 1 and the bearing outer ring end cover 8 and is used for pressing the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 1. And two square holes are formed in the outer surface of the bearing seat 6 and used for leading out a power supply lead of the SMA wire 2 and resetting the mechanism.
The spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4 are of similar annular structures, one axial end face of one side is a plane, the axial end face of one side is a spiral face, the spiral faces of the two are matched with each other, the spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4 are both provided with SMA wire mounting grooves and reset threaded holes which are respectively used for mounting the SMA wires 2 and resetting the mechanism, and the spiral stator ring 4 is also provided with a positioning convex shoulder so that the spiral rotor ring 3 does not generate radial displacement in the rotating process.
The assembly relationship of the SMA wire 2, the spiral rotor ring 3, the spiral stator ring 4 and the thrust needle roller bearing 5 is shown in fig. 4, two ends of the SMA wire 2 are respectively fixed through SMA wire mounting grooves at the upper ends of the spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4, the plane end of the spiral rotor ring 3 and the thrust needle roller bearing 5 are mutually pressed under the action of axial load, and the friction resistance of the spiral rotor ring 3 in rotation is reduced by using the thrust needle roller bearing 5.
The structure of the bearing inner ring end cover 7 is shown in fig. 5 and is divided into a first bearing inner ring end cover 701 and a second bearing inner ring end cover 702, the first bearing inner ring end cover 701 is of a stepped hollow cylinder structure, a shoulder section of the first bearing inner ring end cover is matched with an inner ring of an angular contact ball bearing 1, the axial end face of the shoulder section of the first bearing inner ring end cover is provided with 6 through holes for installing connecting screws so as to apply preload to the bearing, and the axial end face of a cover plate section of the first bearing inner ring end cover is uniformly provided with 6 threaded holes along the circumferential direction for connecting an external power source; the second bearing inner ring end cover 702 is a hollow cylinder structure, the convex shoulder section of the second bearing inner ring end cover is longer and is matched with the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 1 and the lining 9, the axial end face of the convex shoulder section of the second bearing inner ring end cover is provided with 6 threaded holes for installing connecting screws, and the axial end face of the cover plate section of the second bearing inner ring end cover is also provided with 6 threaded holes for connecting an external power source.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when the mechanism is assembled, the connecting screw between the bearing inner ring end covers 7 is screwed, axial load is applied to the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 1, and the load is transmitted to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 1 through the rolling bodies, so that the bearing play is eliminated. When the mechanism is subjected to load change, the SMA wire 2 is electrified and heated, so that the SMA wire is heated to generate phase change and contract, the spiral rotor ring 3 is driven to rotate, and the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4 after matching is changed. When the angular contact ball bearing 1 needs to reset, two long screws penetrate through square holes in the outer surface of the bearing seat 6 and are screwed into reset threaded holes in the spiral rotor ring 3 and the spiral stator ring 4, and the spiral rotor ring 3 is reversely rotated, so that the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 1 is tightly jacked.
Portions of the invention not disclosed in detail are well within the skill of the art.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A space shafting becomes preloading mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction is vice, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises an angular contact ball bearing (1), an SMA wire (2), a spiral rotor ring (3), a spiral stator ring (4), a thrust needle bearing (5), a bearing seat (6), a bearing inner ring end cover (7), a bearing outer ring end cover (8), a lining (9) and a corrugated spring piece (10);
the angular contact ball bearings (1) are arranged in 1 pair and are arranged back to back; the inner ring part of the bearing is a rotating part and is matched with a shaft shoulder section extending out of a bearing inner ring end cover (7), and a lining (9) is arranged between the inner rings of the two angular contact ball bearings (1) to form a force transmission loop; the outer ring part is a static part and is supported on the bearing seat (6);
the spiral rotor ring (3), the spiral stator ring (4) and the thrust needle roller bearing (5) are arranged between the outer rings of the two angular contact ball bearings (1);
two ends of the SMA wire (2) are respectively connected to the outer surfaces of the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) and used for driving the spiral rotor ring (3) to rotate;
the corrugated spring piece (10) is placed between the end face of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1) and the end cover (8) of the outer ring of the bearing and used for pressing the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1);
when the mechanism is assembled, a connecting screw between the end covers (7) of the inner ring of the bearing is screwed, an axial load is applied to the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1), and the load is transmitted to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1) through the rolling body, so that the bearing play is eliminated; when the mechanism is subjected to load change, the SMA wire (2) is electrified and heated, so that the SMA wire is heated to generate phase change and contract, the spiral rotor ring (3) is driven to rotate, and the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) after matching is changed.
2. The SMA and spiral friction pair-based space shafting variable preload mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer ring of the 1 pair of angular contact ball bearings (1) is in small clearance fit with the bearing seat (6).
3. The spatial shafting variable preload mechanism based on the SMA and the spiral friction pair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of phase transformation of the SMA wire (2) can be controlled by controlling the current and the time of the current, so that the spiral rotor ring (3) rotates by a specific angle, and thus multi-phase variable load is realized.
4. The SMA and spiral friction pair-based space shafting variable preload mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) are both ring-like structures, one axial end face of one side is a spiral face, the other axial end face is a plane, the spiral faces of the two are mutually matched, and the friction self-locking characteristic is utilized to keep the whole axial length constant.
5. The space shafting variable preloading mechanism based on the SMA and the spiral friction pair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) are provided with SMA wire (2) mounting grooves, and the driving force generated when the SMA wire (2) is electrified and contracted is applied to the spiral rotor ring (3) through the end surfaces of the mounting grooves.
6. The spatial shafting variable preload mechanism based on the SMA and the spiral friction pair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor ring (3) rotates against the friction resistance under the action of the circumferential driving force provided by the SMA wire (2), so that the overall axial length of the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) after being matched is changed.
7. The space shafting variable preload mechanism based on the SMA and the spiral friction pair is characterized in that a square hole is formed in the bearing seat (6) and used for leading out a power supply wire of the SMA wire (2) and resetting the mechanism.
8. The space shafting variable preload mechanism based on the SMA and the spiral friction pair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing inner ring end cover (7) is connected with a servo motor so as to drive the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1) to rotate.
9. The SMA and spiral friction pair-based space shafting variable preload mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral rotor ring (3) and the spiral stator ring (4) are provided with reset threaded holes; when the mechanism needs to reset, the long screw is screwed into a reset threaded hole through a square hole on the bearing seat (6), and the spiral rotor ring (3) is reversely rotated, so that the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing (1) is tightly jacked, and the preload of the bearing is increased.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111120337.2A CN113983144B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Space shafting becomes preload mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction pair |
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| CN202111120337.2A CN113983144B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Space shafting becomes preload mechanism based on SMA silk and spiral friction pair |
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| CN113983144B CN113983144B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| MD JUNAYED HOSSAIN;孙翔雨;姚振强;: "预紧力对轴承接触状态及电主轴回转性能的影响", 机械设计与研究, no. 03 * |
| 吴超;刘晓华;: "空间滚动轴承预载能动可调技术研究", 科学技术与工程, no. 17 * |
| 秦晓宇;张小勇;闫晓军;王卫兵;李凉海;: "自锁式形状记忆合金馈源锁紧机构", 宇航学报, no. 03 * |
| 胡华君;潘博;孙京;: "航天器驱动机构轴系摩擦力矩建模与分析研究", 机械工程学报, no. 11 * |
| 闫晓军;张小勇;聂景旭;张绍卫;: "采用SMA驱动的小型空间磁悬浮飞轮锁紧机构", 北京航空航天大学学报, no. 02 * |
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| CN113983144B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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