CN113981753B

CN113981753B - Maintenance and installation robot for rail

Info

Publication number: CN113981753B
Application number: CN202111270274.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何帆; 熊伟
Original assignee: Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation
Current assignee: Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation
Priority date: 2021-10-29
Filing date: 2021-10-29
Publication date: 2023-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-29
Also published as: CN113981753A

Abstract

The robot comprises a front carriage for transporting railway ballasts, a rear carriage for transporting sleepers, the rails and elastic fasteners, wheels are arranged on the bottom surfaces of the front carriage and the rear carriage, the advancing direction of the robot is the front side, a discharging unit for discharging the railway ballasts is arranged in the front carriage, and a mounting unit for mounting the sleepers, the rails and the elastic fasteners is arranged in the rear carriage. The invention can continuously and rapidly finish the work of multilayer bottom ballast paving and road shoulder stacking, is beneficial to improving railway paving efficiency, reduces required tools, reduces manpower and saves cost.

Description

Maintenance and installation robot for rail

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway installation, in particular to a maintenance and installation robot for a rail.

Background

Railway transportation is a land transportation mode in which a locomotive pulls a train vehicle to travel on two parallel rails. The rail provides an extremely smooth and hard medium on which the wheels of the train roll with minimal friction, making the person above more comfortable, and it also saves energy. If properly configured, rail transportation can save five to seven times the energy when carrying the same weight as road transportation. Moreover, the rail can evenly disperse the weight of the train, so that the loading capacity of the train is greatly improved.

The railway laying step comprises the steps of pre-laying bottom ballasts to form a ballast bed, placing sleepers and rails on the ballast bed, laying the ballasts again to bury the sleepers, and simultaneously piling up the ballasts on two sides. The paving of the bottom ballast is crucial, the ballast surface of the pre-paved ballast is smooth, the flatness of the ballast surface meets the requirement of track paving, the middle of the ballast surface is not protruded, multi-layer paving and compaction are required to be repeatedly carried out, and the ballast is mechanically rolled under the pressure of not less than 160kpa, and the compaction density is not less than 1.6g/cm < 3 >. The ballast slope is 1:1.75, a ballast shoulder pile height of 15cm. The width of the ballast shoulder outside the curve of the seamless line with the radius smaller than 800m is widened by 10cm; in the 75m range of the bridge, the super bridge and the bridge head roadbed, the width of the ballast shoulder is widened by 5cm, and the pile height of the ballast shoulder is increased by 1cm. The width of the shoulder in the turnout range is 45cm, and the pile height of the ballast shoulder is 16cm.

In the prior art, the paving of railway ballast is completed by various engineering machines, the efficiency is low, and a rail installation robot capable of improving the efficiency is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a maintenance and installation robot for a rail.

The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme that the railway ballast truck comprises a front carriage for transporting railway ballasts, a rear carriage for transporting sleepers, rails and elastic fasteners, wheels are arranged on the bottom surfaces of the front carriage and the rear carriage, the advancing direction of a robot is the front side, a discharging unit for discharging the railway ballasts is arranged in the front carriage, and a mounting unit for mounting the sleepers, the rails and the elastic fasteners is arranged in the rear carriage.

Preferably, the front compartment is divided into a front cavity, a middle cavity and a rear cavity from front to back through a first partition plate and a second partition plate, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is open, first openings for communicating the middle cavity with other cavities are formed in the first partition plate and the second partition plate, a first sliding door is arranged at the first opening in a vertically sliding mode, and tooth sections are fixedly connected to one side of the first sliding door facing the middle cavity;

the left side wall and the right side wall of the front cavity are respectively provided with a second opening, a first sliding groove is arranged above the second opening, a second sliding door for closing the second opening can slide up and down and is positioned in the first sliding groove, a first spring is arranged in the first sliding groove, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the top of the first sliding groove, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the second sliding door, an L-shaped deflector rod is fixedly connected on the second sliding door, and the other end of the L-shaped deflector rod penetrates through the side wall of the middle cavity and stretches into the middle cavity;

the bottom edges of the left outer wall and the right outer wall of the rear cavity are hinged with a beating plate, one end of a first hinge rod is hinged on the beating plate, the other end of the first hinge rod is hinged with a first sliding block, the left side wall and the right side wall of the rear cavity are provided with second sliding grooves perpendicular to the ground, the first sliding block can slide up and down and is positioned in the second sliding grooves, the other end of the first sliding block is hinged with a second hinge rod, the middle part of the second hinge rod is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the middle cavity, the other end of the second hinge rod is hinged on the second sliding block, the side wall of the middle cavity is also provided with a third sliding groove perpendicular to the ground, the second sliding block can slide up and down and is positioned in the third sliding groove, a second spring is further arranged in the third sliding groove, one end of the second spring is fixedly connected with the top surface of the third sliding groove, the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected with the second sliding block, the second sliding block is further fixedly connected with a first deflector rod, and the first deflector rod penetrates the side wall of the middle cavity and stretches into the middle cavity;

two first rotating shafts are rotatably arranged in the middle cavity, are parallel to the first partition plate and are respectively close to the first partition plate and the second partition plate, one end of each first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a first gear which can be meshed with the tooth section, the other end of each first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a one-way ratchet wheel, the rotation directions of the two one-way ratchet wheels are opposite, and the two one-way ratchet wheels are fixedly connected with a second gear.

Preferably, the unloading unit comprises a first telescopic rod, the first telescopic rod is arranged on the top wall of the inner side of the middle cavity, the telescopic end of the first telescopic rod points to the ground, an installing frame which can be matched with the L-shaped deflector rod and the first deflector rod is fixedly connected, a second rotating shaft and a rolling roller for rolling railway ballast are fixedly connected in the installing frame from top to bottom, a first motor is arranged on the outer side of the installing frame, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with the rolling roller, the rolling roller is provided with belt transmission with the second rotating shaft, and a third gear which can be meshed with the second gear is fixedly connected in the second rotating shaft.

Preferably, the bottom surface in the rear carriage is provided with a sleeper clamping groove, a rail clamping groove and an elastic fastener clamping groove, and a screw avoiding hole is also arranged in the elastic fastener clamping groove;

the bottom surface of the rear carriage is also provided with a discharge hole for the sleeper, the rail and the elastic buckle to leave the rear carriage.

Preferably, the mounting unit comprises a first mounting block, a fourth chute is arranged on the top wall of the rear carriage, the fourth chute is arranged from front to back, the first mounting block is slidably positioned in the fourth chute, a first threaded rod is rotatably arranged in the fourth chute, the first mounting block is sleeved on the first threaded rod and is in threaded connection with the first threaded rod, a second motor is also arranged in the fourth chute, an output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with the first threaded rod,

the first installation piece bottom surface has seted up the fifth spout, the fifth spout is perpendicular with the fourth spout, slidable is provided with two second installation pieces in the fifth spout, rotatable second threaded rod that is provided with in the fifth spout, two second installation pieces all overlap and establish on the second threaded rod and with second threaded rod threaded connection, still be provided with the third motor in the fifth spout, the output shaft and the second threaded rod rigid coupling of third motor, the second telescopic link is all installed to second installation piece bottom surface, the flexible end of second telescopic link is directional ground and rigid coupling have the fourth motor, all rigid coupling has the installation component on the output shaft of fourth motor.

Preferably, the installation component is including first box body, first box body top surface rigid coupling is on the output shaft of fourth motor, first box body bottom surface rigid coupling has two first risers, two first risers parallel arrangement, install the fifth motor in the first box body, the rigid coupling has the fourth gear on the output shaft of fifth motor, two third threaded rods are installed on first box body bottom surface, and with first box body bottom surface threaded connection, two third threaded rods are located the fifth motor both sides, and be close to a first riser respectively, third threaded rod one end stretches into in the first box body, and all rigid coupling has the gear post, the gear post all meshes with the fourth gear, the first box body bottom surface is stretched out to the third threaded rod other end, and all rigid coupling has the dismantlement post, dismantle the hexagonal groove that the post bottom surface all offered installation elastic fastener screw, all be provided with the third telescopic link on the lateral wall of two first risers, the telescopic link point to ground, and all rigid coupling has the stopper, all articulates on the stopper has left and right one end, and right side middle part and the right side clamp plate and the right clamp plate can cooperate at the clamp plate each other on the first clamp plate of the clamp plate.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention can continuously and rapidly finish the work of multilayer bottom ballast paving and road shoulder stacking, is beneficial to improving railway paving efficiency, reduces required tools, reduces manpower and saves cost.

2. The unloading unit can be used for repeatedly completing multi-layer bottom ballast paving through the reciprocating motion of the front carriage, synchronous compaction is performed during paving, efficiency is improved, and road shoulders are paved again by the unloading unit after sleepers and rails are placed, so that the road shoulders are compacted, and the structure is simple.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Drawings

The drawings of the present invention are described below.

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the interior of the front compartment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a second opening of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the exterior of the front compartment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the interior of the middle chamber of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a discharge unit according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a laminating roller of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a rear passenger compartment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a fourth chute according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a mounting unit of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a first case of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a hexagonal groove of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a front compartment; 2. a sleeper; 3. a rail; 4. an elastic fastener; 5. a rear compartment; 6. a wheel; 7. a first partition plate; 8. a second partition plate; 9. a front chamber; 10. a middle chamber; 11. a rear chamber; 12. a first opening; 13. a first sliding door; 14. tooth sections; 15. a second opening; 16. a first chute; 17. a second sliding door; 18. a first spring; an L-shaped deflector rod; 20. beating the plate; 21. a first hinge rod; 22. a first slider; 23. a second chute; 24. a second hinge rod; 25. a second slider; 26. a third chute; 27. a second spring; 28. a first deflector rod; 29. a first rotating shaft; 30. a first gear; 31. a one-way ratchet; 32. a second gear; 33. a first telescopic rod; 34. a mounting frame; 35. a second rotating shaft; 36. a roller; 37. a first motor; 38. a third gear; 39. a sleeper clamping groove; 40. rail clamping grooves; 41. an elastic fastener clamping groove; 42. screw avoiding holes; 43. a discharge port; 44. a first mounting block; 45. a fourth chute; 46. a first threaded rod; 47. a second motor; 48. a fifth chute; 49. a second mounting block; 50. a second threaded rod; 51. a third motor; 52. a second telescopic rod; 53. a fourth motor; 54. a first case; 55. a first vertical plate; 56. a fifth motor; 57. a fourth gear; 58. a third threaded rod; 59. a gear post; 60. disassembling the column; 61. a hexagonal groove; 62. a third telescopic rod; 63. a limiting block; 64. a left clamping plate; 65. and a right clamping plate.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.

As shown in fig. 1, a maintenance and installation robot for rails comprises a front carriage 1 for transporting railway ballasts, a rear carriage 5 for transporting sleepers 2, rails 3 and elastic fasteners 4, wheels 6 are arranged on the bottom surfaces of the front carriage 1 and the rear carriage 5, the advancing direction of the robot is the front side, a discharging unit for discharging the railway ballasts is arranged in the front carriage 1, and an installation unit for installing the sleepers 2, the rails 3 and the elastic fasteners 4 is arranged in the rear carriage 5.

In the embodiment, the invention moves to a position where a rail is required to be paved, the front carriage pours broken stone through the unloading unit to form a ballast bed, the rear carriage sequentially places the sleeper above the ballast bed through the mounting unit, then locks the rail and the elastic buckle on the sleeper, pours broken stone again, buries two sides of the sleeper, stacks up edges and stacks out shoulders;

the invention can continuously and rapidly finish the work of multilayer bottom ballast paving and road shoulder stacking, is beneficial to improving railway paving efficiency, reduces required tools, reduces manpower and saves cost.

As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the front compartment 1 is divided into a front chamber 9, a middle chamber 10 and a rear chamber 11 from front to back by a first partition plate 7 and a second partition plate 8, the bottom surface of the middle chamber 10 is open, the first partition plate 7 and the second partition plate 8 are provided with first openings 12 for communicating the middle chamber 10 with other chambers, the first openings 12 are provided with first sliding doors 13 which can slide up and down, and one sides of the first sliding doors 13 facing the middle chamber 10 are fixedly connected with tooth sections 14;

the left side wall and the right side wall of the front cavity 9 are respectively provided with a second opening 15, a first sliding groove 16 is arranged above the second opening 15, a second sliding door 17 for closing the second opening 15 can slide up and down and is positioned in the first sliding groove 16, a first spring 18 is arranged in the first sliding groove 16, one end of the first spring 18 is fixedly connected with the top of the first sliding groove 16, the other end of the first spring 18 is fixedly connected with the second sliding door 17, an L-shaped deflector rod 19 is fixedly connected on the second sliding door 17, and the other end of the L-shaped deflector rod 19 penetrates through the side wall of the middle cavity 10 and stretches into the middle cavity 10;

the bottom edges of the left and right outer walls of the rear cavity 11 are hinged with a beating plate 20, the beating plate 20 is hinged with one end of a first hinge rod 21, the other end of the first hinge rod 21 is hinged with a first slide block 22, the left and right side walls of the rear cavity 11 are provided with a second slide groove 23 vertical to the ground, the first slide block 22 can slide up and down and is positioned in the second slide groove 23, the other end of the first slide block 22 is hinged with a second hinge rod 24, the middle part of the second hinge rod 24 is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the middle cavity 10, the other end of the second hinge rod 24 is hinged with a second slide block 25, the side wall of the middle cavity 10 is also provided with a third slide groove 26 vertical to the ground, the second slide block 25 can slide up and down and is positioned in the third slide groove 26, the third slide groove 26 is also internally provided with a second spring 27, one end of the second spring 27 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the third slide groove 26, the other end of the second spring 27 is fixedly connected with the second slide block 25, the second slide block 25 is fixedly connected with a first deflector rod 28, and the first deflector rod 28 penetrates through the side wall of the middle cavity 10 and stretches into the middle cavity 10;

two first rotating shafts 29 are rotatably arranged in the middle chamber 10, the two first rotating shafts 29 are parallel to the first partition plate 7 and respectively close to the first partition plate 7 and the second partition plate 8, one end of each first rotating shaft 29 is fixedly connected with a first gear 30 which can be meshed with the tooth section 14, the other end of each first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a one-way ratchet wheel 31, the rotation directions of the two one-way ratchet wheels 31 are opposite, and each one-way ratchet wheel 31 is fixedly connected with a second gear 32.

In the embodiment, a plurality of layers of bottom ballasts are required to be paved, each layer of bottom ballasts are required to be compacted, broken stones are filled in the front cavity and the rear cavity, when the bottom ballasts are paved, the front cavity moves forwards, the unloading unit drives the first rotating shaft close to the first partition plate to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the first gear, the first gear drives the tooth section, the tooth section is provided with the first sliding door on the first partition plate to open, broken stones enter the middle cavity from the front cavity and fall onto the ground from the open bottom surface of the middle cavity, the front cavity moves forwards, the rolling roller edges compact the broken stones, the front cavity moves backwards after a certain distance is paved, the unloading unit drives the first rotating shaft close to the second partition plate to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the first gear, the first gear drives the tooth section, the broken stones enter the middle cavity from the rear cavity and fall onto the ground from the open bottom surface of the middle cavity, the front cavity moves backwards, and the rolling roller edges compact the broken stones, so that the bottom ballasts are continuously paved in a plurality of layers, and the working efficiency is high;

when the sleeper and the rail are placed, the unloading unit is separated from the transmission of the first sliding door, the L-shaped deflector rod and the first deflector rod are driven to move, the second sliding door is driven to be opened when the L-shaped deflector rod moves, broken stone falls out of the side wall of the front cavity to bury the sleeper and pile up a road shoulder, the first deflector rod drives the second sliding block when moving, the second sliding block drives the second hinge rod, the second hinge rod drives the first sliding block to move, the first sliding block drives the first hinge rod, the first hinge rod drives the beating plate to move, the beating plate beats the road shoulder, and the broken stone at the road shoulder is compacted to form a slope.

As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the unloading unit comprises a first telescopic rod 33, the first telescopic rod 33 is mounted on the top wall of the inner side of the middle chamber 10, the telescopic end of the first telescopic rod 33 points to the ground, a mounting frame 34 which can be matched with the L-shaped deflector rod 19 and the first deflector rod 28 is fixedly connected, a second rotating shaft 35 and a rolling roller 36 for rolling railway ballast are fixedly connected in the mounting frame 34 from top to bottom, a first motor 37 is mounted on the outer side of the mounting frame 34, an output shaft of the first motor 37 is fixedly connected with the rolling roller 36, the rolling roller 36 and the second rotating shaft 35 are provided with belt transmission, and a third gear 38 which can be meshed with the second gear 32 is fixedly connected on the second rotating shaft 35.

In this embodiment, based on the extension of the first telescopic rod, the unloading unit has two working positions, when the unloading unit is located at the low position, the third gear is simultaneously meshed with the two second gears, the first motor drives the grinding roller to compact the ground, the first motor simultaneously drives the third gear to rotate, the third gear drives the two second gears to rotate, but because of the unidirectional ratchet wheel, only one second gear transmits power to the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft drives the first gear, the first gear drives the tooth section, and the tooth section opens one of the first sliding doors;

when the unloading unit is positioned at a high position, the third gear is separated from the second gear, the first sliding door is not opened, the rolling roller does not work, and the mounting frame pushes the L-shaped deflector rod and the first deflector rod to move, so that sleeper burying and road shoulder laying are realized.

As shown in fig. 8 to 9, the inner bottom surface of the rear compartment 5 is provided with a sleeper clamping groove 39, a rail clamping groove 40 and an elastic fastener clamping groove 41, and a screw avoiding hole 42 is also arranged in the elastic fastener clamping groove 41;

the bottom surface of the rear compartment 5 is also provided with a discharge opening 43 for the sleeper 2, the rail 3 and the elastic fastening 4 to leave the rear compartment 5.

In this embodiment, the rear compartment is used to transport sleepers, rails and resilient clips.

As shown in fig. 10, the installation unit comprises a first installation block 44, a fourth chute 45 is arranged on the inner top wall of the rear carriage 5, the fourth chute 45 is arranged from front to back, the first installation block 44 is slidably positioned in the fourth chute 45, a first threaded rod 46 is rotatably arranged in the fourth chute 45, the first installation block 44 is sleeved on the first threaded rod 46 and is in threaded connection with the first threaded rod 46, a second motor 47 is also arranged in the fourth chute 45, an output shaft of the second motor 47 is fixedly connected with the first threaded rod 46,

the bottom surface of the first installation block 44 is provided with a fifth chute 48, the fifth chute 48 is vertical to the fourth chute 45, two second installation blocks 49 are slidably arranged in the fifth chute 48, a second threaded rod 50 is rotatably arranged in the fifth chute 48, the two second installation blocks 49 are sleeved on the second threaded rod 50 and are in threaded connection with the second threaded rod 50, a third motor 51 is further arranged in the fifth chute 48, an output shaft of the third motor 51 is fixedly connected with the second threaded rod 50, a second telescopic rod 52 is arranged on the bottom surface of the second installation block 49, a telescopic end of the second telescopic rod 52 points to the ground and is fixedly connected with a fourth motor 53, and installation components are fixedly connected on the output shaft of the fourth motor 53.

In the embodiment, the second motor moves to drive the first threaded rod, and the first threaded rod drives the first mounting block to slide in the fourth sliding groove so as to realize the forward and backward movement of the mounting assembly in the rear carriage;

the third motor moves to drive the second threaded rod, and the second threaded rod drives the two second mounting blocks to slide in the fifth sliding groove, so that the mounting assembly moves left and right in the rear carriage;

the second telescopic rod moves to drive the installation component to lift and the fourth motor moves to enable the installation component to rotate freely and grasp the sleeper, the rail and the elastic fastener.

As shown in fig. 11 to 12, the installation component includes a first box body 54, the top surface of the first box body 54 is fixedly connected on the output shaft of the fourth motor 53, two first vertical plates 55 are fixedly connected on the bottom surface of the first box body 54, two first vertical plates 55 are arranged in parallel, a fifth motor 56 is installed in the first box body 54, a fourth gear 57 is fixedly connected on the output shaft of the fifth motor 56, two third threaded rods 58 are installed on the bottom surface of the first box body 54 and are in threaded connection with the bottom surface of the first box body 54, the two third threaded rods 58 are located on two sides of the fifth motor 56 and respectively close to a first vertical plate 55, one end of each third threaded rod 58 extends into the first box body 54 and is fixedly connected with a gear column 59, each gear column 59 is meshed with the fourth gear 57, the other end of each third threaded rod 58 extends out of the bottom surface of the first box body 54 and is fixedly connected with a disassembly column 60, six-angle grooves 61 for installing elastic fasteners 4 are formed in the bottom surface of each disassembly column 60, three threaded rods 58 are arranged on the outer side walls of the two first vertical plates 55, three threaded rods 62 are arranged on the outer side walls of the two first vertical plates 55, one end of each third threaded rod 58 is close to one first vertical plate 55, one end of each telescopic rod 63 is hinged to one end of each clamping plate 64 is hinged to one end of a clamping plate 64, and the other is hinged to the other, and the other is connected with one end of the other, and the other is hinged to the other 64 and the other is hinged to the other and the other is.

In this embodiment, the fifth motor rotates, drive the fourth gear motion, the fourth gear drives the gear post motion, the gear post drives the third threaded rod, but the third threaded rod up-and-down motion produces certain slippage between gear post and the fourth gear, but remain the meshing throughout, hexagonal groove has been seted up on the dismantlement post of third threaded rod bottom, hexagonal groove can cooperate with the screw of elastic fastener, the fifth motor rotates, can be used to locking screw, the second telescopic link descends, drive the installation component and descend and snatch the elastic fastener, the third telescopic link motion drives the stopper motion, the stopper can drive left splint and right splint and open and shut, grasp the elastic fastener, can snatch the elastic fastener from the elastic fastener draw-in groove and place on the rail.

The left and right clamping plates can also be used to clamp sleepers and rails for placement on railway ballasts.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.

Claims

1. The maintenance and installation robot for the rail is characterized by comprising a front carriage (1) for transporting railway ballasts, a rear carriage (5) for transporting railway sleepers (2), rails (3) and elastic fasteners (4), wheels (6) are arranged on the bottoms of the front carriage (1) and the rear carriage (5), the advancing direction of the robot is the front side, a discharging unit for discharging the railway ballasts is arranged in the front carriage (1), and a mounting unit for mounting the railway sleepers (2), the rails (3) and the elastic fasteners (4) is arranged in the rear carriage (5);

the front carriage (1) is divided into a front chamber (9), a middle chamber (10) and a rear chamber (11) from front to back through a first partition plate (7) and a second partition plate (8), the bottom surface of the middle chamber (10) is open, first openings (12) for communicating the middle chamber (10) with other chambers are formed in the first partition plate (7) and the second partition plate (8), a first sliding door (13) is arranged at the first openings (12) in a vertically sliding mode, and tooth sections (14) are fixedly connected to one sides of the first sliding door (13) facing the middle chamber (10);

the front cavity (9) is characterized in that a second opening (15) is formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the front cavity (9), a first sliding groove (16) is formed in the upper portion of the second opening (15), a second sliding door (17) for closing the second opening (15) can slide up and down and is positioned in the first sliding groove (16), a first spring (18) is arranged in the first sliding groove (16), one end of the first spring (18) is fixedly connected with the top of the first sliding groove (16), the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the second sliding door (17), an L-shaped deflector rod (19) is fixedly connected on the second sliding door (17), and the other end of the L-shaped deflector rod (19) penetrates through the side wall of the middle cavity (10) to extend into the middle cavity (10);

the bottom edges of the left and right outer walls of the rear cavity (11) are hinged with a beating plate (20), one end of a first hinge rod (21) is hinged on the beating plate (20), the other end of the first hinge rod (21) is hinged with a first sliding block (22), a second sliding groove (23) perpendicular to the ground is formed in the left and right side walls of the rear cavity (11), the first sliding block (22) can slide up and down and is positioned in the second sliding groove (23), the other end of the first sliding block (22) is hinged with a second hinge rod (24), the middle part of the second hinge rod (24) is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the middle cavity (10), the other end of the second hinge rod (24) is hinged on a second sliding block (25), a third sliding groove (26) perpendicular to the ground is formed in the side wall of the middle cavity (10), a second spring (27) is further arranged in the third sliding groove (26), one end of the second spring (27) is fixedly connected with the top surface of the third sliding groove (26), the other end of the second spring (27) is fixedly connected with the top surface of the third sliding groove (26), and the other end of the second spring (27) is fixedly connected with the second sliding groove (25) and penetrates through the first sliding groove (28) and the inner side wall of the second sliding rod (10);

two first rotating shafts (29) are rotatably arranged in the middle chamber (10), the two first rotating shafts (29) are parallel to the first partition plate (7) and are respectively close to the first partition plate (7) and the second partition plate (8), one end of each first rotating shaft (29) is fixedly connected with a first gear (30) which can be meshed with the tooth section (14), the other end of each first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a one-way ratchet wheel (31), the rotation directions of the two one-way ratchet wheels (31) are opposite, and the one-way ratchet wheels (31) are fixedly connected with a second gear (32);

the unloading unit comprises a first telescopic rod (33), the first telescopic rod (33) is arranged on the top wall of the inner side of the middle chamber (10), the telescopic end of the first telescopic rod (33) points to the ground, a mounting frame (34) which can be matched with the L-shaped deflector rod (19) and the first deflector rod (28) is fixedly connected, a second rotating shaft (35) and a rolling roller (36) for rolling railway ballast are fixedly connected in the mounting frame (34) from top to bottom, a first motor (37) is arranged on the outer side of the mounting frame (34), an output shaft of the first motor (37) is fixedly connected with the rolling roller (36), belt transmission is arranged between the rolling roller (36) and the second rotating shaft (35), and a third gear (38) which can be meshed with the second gear (32) is fixedly connected on the second rotating shaft (35);

the mounting unit comprises a first mounting block (44), a fourth chute (45) is formed in the inner top wall of the rear carriage (5), the fourth chute (45) is arranged from front to back, the first mounting block (44) is slidably arranged in the fourth chute (45), a first threaded rod (46) is rotatably arranged in the fourth chute (45), the first mounting block (44) is sleeved on the first threaded rod (46) and is in threaded connection with the first threaded rod (46), a second motor (47) is further arranged in the fourth chute (45), the output shaft of the second motor (47) is fixedly connected with the first threaded rod (46),

a fifth sliding groove (48) is formed in the bottom surface of the first installation block (44), the fifth sliding groove (48) is perpendicular to the fourth sliding groove (45), two second installation blocks (49) are slidably arranged in the fifth sliding groove (48), a second threaded rod (50) is rotatably arranged in the fifth sliding groove (48), the two second installation blocks (49) are sleeved on the second threaded rod (50) and are in threaded connection with the second threaded rod (50), a third motor (51) is further arranged in the fifth sliding groove (48), an output shaft of the third motor (51) is fixedly connected with the second threaded rod (50), a second telescopic rod (52) is arranged on the bottom surface of the second installation block (49), a telescopic end of the second telescopic rod (52) points to the ground and is fixedly connected with a fourth motor (53), and installation components are fixedly connected on an output shaft of the fourth motor (53);

the installation component comprises a first box body (54), the top surface of the first box body (54) is fixedly connected on the output shaft of a fourth motor (53), two first vertical plates (55) are fixedly connected on the bottom surface of the first box body (54), the two first vertical plates (55) are arranged in parallel, a fifth motor (56) is installed in the first box body (54), a fourth gear (57) is fixedly connected on the output shaft of the fifth motor (56), two third threaded rods (58) are installed on the bottom surface of the first box body (54) and are in threaded connection with the bottom surface of the first box body (54), the two third threaded rods (58) are located on two sides of the fifth motor (56) and are respectively close to one first vertical plate (55), one ends of the third threaded rods (58) extend into the first box body (54) and are fixedly connected with gear columns (59), the other ends of the third threaded rods (58) extend out of the first box body (54) and are fixedly connected with disassembly columns (60), the disassembly columns (60) are detached, the two ends of the three threaded rods (58) are provided with limit blocks (62) which are arranged on the outer side walls of the first telescopic rods (62) and are provided with telescopic bolts (62), one ends of a left clamping plate (64) and a right clamping plate (65) are hinged on the limiting block (63), the middle parts of the left clamping plate (64) and the right clamping plate (65) are hinged on the first vertical plate (55), and the other ends of the left clamping plate (64) and the right clamping plate (65) can be matched with each other to clamp the elastic fastener (4).

2. A maintenance and installation robot for rails according to claim 1, wherein the inner bottom surface of the rear carriage (5) is provided with a sleeper clamping groove (39), a rail clamping groove (40) and an elastic fastener clamping groove (41), and a screw avoiding hole (42) is further arranged in the elastic fastener clamping groove (41);

the bottom surface of the rear carriage (5) is also provided with a discharge hole (43) for the sleeper (2), the rail (3) and the elastic buckle (4) to leave the rear carriage (5).