CN113981478A - 介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法及应用 - Google Patents
介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,是以SBA‑15作为介孔材料,通过3‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性,利用戊二醛共价结合聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)实现介孔材料氨基化,通过震荡混合固定化甲酸脱氢酶,利用中性红辅酶再生,在阴极实现生物电催化CO2还原。本发明制备方法操作简便,便于实施,通过PEI将甲酸脱氢酶固定化在介孔材料上,PEI可提高底物CO2吸附量,使用中性红辅酶再生可降低昂贵的辅酶的消耗,进行生物电催化CO2还原具有较高的甲酸产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化CO2还原的方法及应用,具体涉及一种基于戊二醛交联PEI的高效介孔载体的制备、固定化酶及生物电催化应用。
背景技术
现代工业发展使得含碳化石燃料的需求与日俱增,其燃烧释放的CO2导致温室效应不断加剧。改善气候环境减少CO2排放成为现代研究的热点之一。近年来,CO2捕获、封存、还原和转化技术不断发展,特别是利用CO2生产CO、甲烷、甲醇、甲醛和甲酸等能源和燃料类化合物,既能满足日益增长的化工和能源需求,又可实现CO2的有效减排,是应对能源短缺和环境污染问题的一种双赢策略,具有极高的科研和应用价值。
相比于传统光化学及电化学催化等方法,酶法具有优越的选择性(立体特异性、区域和化学选择性)、高反应效率、条件温和、环境友好性等优点。因此酶法催化CO2还原生成高附加值的含碳化合物的研究,能够在改善气候条件的同时,减缓人们对于传统燃料的依赖。甲酸脱氢酶(formate dehydrogenase,FDH)是广泛存在于细菌、酵母、真菌和植物中的一种用于还原CO2的生物催化剂,其可催化CO2生成甲酸,实现废气资源化利用。然而游离的甲酸脱氢酶在催化反应时具有易失活、难回收、高成本等问题,CO2在溶液中溶解度低不利于反应转化,且反应消耗的辅酶NADH价格昂贵。为实现酶的重复利用、保证CO2高效的还原效率、降低昂贵的辅酶消耗,开发一种有效吸附CO2、能重复利用的载体并实现辅酶再生迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明提出一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,以可获得高效、低成本的CO2转化。本发明制备方法操作简便,便于实施,通过PEI将甲酸脱氢酶固定化在介孔材料上,PEI可提高底物CO2吸附量,使用中性红辅酶再生可降低昂贵的辅酶的消耗,进行生物电催化CO2还原具有较高的甲酸产量。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,是以SBA-15作为介孔材料,通过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性,利用戊二醛共价结合聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)实现介孔材料氨基化,通过震荡混合固定化甲酸脱氢酶,利用中性红辅酶再生,在阴极实现生物电催化CO2还原。具体步骤如下:
步骤1)制备3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性的介孔材料:称取一定量的介孔材料SBA-15置于容器中,加入适量的无水甲苯,介孔材料SBA-15与无水甲苯的质量体积比为1g/30mL,超声分散为均质溶液;缓慢加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),介孔材料SBA-15与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量体积比为1g/mL,110℃下搅拌、冷凝回流24h;将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤三次除去未反应的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷后,于60℃烘箱中干燥12h,得到3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性的介孔材料,记为APTES改性的介孔材料;
步骤2)介孔材料聚乙烯亚胺氨基化:称取一定量步骤1)制备的APTES改性的介孔材料置于一容器中,加入适量的磷酸缓冲液,APTES改性的介孔材料与磷酸缓冲液的质量体积比为0.3g/10mL,超声分散;向上述溶液中加入戊二醛溶液,APTES改性的介孔材料与戊二醛溶液的质量体积比0.3g/mL,搅拌后加入聚乙烯亚胺的磷酸缓冲液,其中,溶液中的聚乙烯亚胺占溶液中加入介孔材料SBA-15的质量百分数为30%-80%,室温搅拌;将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用去离子水多次洗涤,烘箱干燥12h,实现介孔材料聚乙烯亚胺氨基化,得到橘红色固体,记为PEI@SBA-15;
步骤3)介孔材料固定化酶:将步骤2)得到的PEI@SBA-15分散在摩尔浓度为100mM、pH=6的磷酸缓冲液中,所述PEI@SBA-15与磷酸缓冲液质量体积比为0.05g/mL,然后加入甲酸脱氢酶,甲酸脱氢酶与PEI@SBA-15的质量比为1/50;通过摇床震荡混合,实现静电吸附;然后用磷酸缓冲液清洗3次,离心取沉淀然后干燥得介孔材料固定化酶,记为FDH@PEI@SBA-15;
步骤4)在电催化系统阴极池中加入适量的摩尔浓度为100mM、pH=6的磷酸缓冲液,步骤3)得到的FDH@PEI@SBA-15,并加入适量中性红使溶液中中性红的浓度为0.1mM,加入适量NADH使溶液中NADH的浓度为2.0mM,然后按照流速为100mL/min通入CO2;在电催化系统阳极池中加入与阴极池中磷酸缓冲液体积相等的水,外加电压为-0.7V(vs.Ag/AgCl),从而实现生物电催化CO2还原。
进一步讲,本发明所述的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其中:步骤2)中,烘箱干燥的温度为60℃。步骤3)中,摇床震荡混合的时间为4h;离心取沉淀后的干燥方法为冷冻干燥。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明采用戊二醛交联将PEI修饰到介孔材料SBA-15的孔隙内,因PEI表面富含大量氨基,所以在介孔本身具有物理吸附CO2能力的同时可以通过化学吸附提高CO2吸附量,进而提高CO2的局部浓度,促进CO2还原反应。
(2)本发明的制备方法采用简单的静电吸附结合甲酸脱氢酶,可避免酶与载体结合时,酶的活性位点被破坏的情况,且介孔结构可减少酶的浸出率,有利于保持酶的活性和酶的重率利用率。
(3)本发明使用中性红作为电子媒介,实现辅酶NADH的再生,减小昂贵的辅酶消耗。
(4)本发明用于固定化酶和辅酶再生的材料和试剂均为常规大宗产品,价格低廉。
(5)本发明所述方法用于CO2的资源化处理,具体的用于生物电催化CO2还原,从而将CO2还原为甲酸,180min后产生甲酸浓度可达0.88mM-1.12mM。
附图说明
图1为实施例1使用的生物电催化体系示意图;
图2为罗丹宁B染色的甲酸脱氢酶固定在PEI@SBA-15上获得的激光共聚焦扫描图;
图3为甲酸脱氢酶固定在PEI@SBA-15上获得的扫面电子显微镜图;
图4为SBA-15在不同PEI修饰量下的CO2程序升温脱附表征图;
图5为对比例中的介孔材料SBA-15的扫面电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,是以SBA-15作为介孔材料,通过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性,利用戊二醛共价结合聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)实现介孔材料氨基化,通过震荡混合固定化甲酸脱氢酶,利用中性红辅酶再生,在阴极实现生物电催化CO2还原。
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,但下述实施例绝非对本发明有任何限制。
实施例1
进行生物电催化CO2还原,步骤如下:
步骤1)称取1g商品化介孔材料SBA-15置于100mL单口烧瓶中,加入30mL无水甲苯,超声分散为均质溶液。然后,先均质溶液中缓慢加入1mL硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),110℃下搅拌、冷凝回流24h。将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤三次除去未反应的硅烷偶联剂后,于60℃烘箱中干燥过夜,得到APTES改性的介孔材料。
步骤2)称取0.3g步骤1)制备得到的APTES改性的介孔材料置于100mL单口烧瓶中,加入10mL的磷酸缓冲液,超声分散。向上述溶液中加入1mL的戊二醛溶液搅拌,然后加入30mL含0.18gPEI的100mM磷酸缓冲液,使PEI与SBA-15质量比为0.6:1,室温搅拌。将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用去离子水多次洗涤,烘箱60℃干燥过夜,得到橘红色固体即为PEI@SBA-15。
步骤3)称取0.2g步骤2)得到的PEI@SBA-15分散在4mL磷酸缓冲液(100mM,pH=6)中,加入4mg甲酸脱氢酶,通过摇床震荡混合4h;然后用磷酸缓冲液清洗3次,离心取沉淀然后冷冻干燥得介孔材料固定化酶FDH@PEI@SBA-15。
步骤4)在电催化系统阴极池中加入10mL磷酸缓冲液(100mM,pH=6)、0.07g FDH@PEI@SBA-15、0.00028g中性红(即其在溶液中浓度为0.1mM)和0.014g NADH(即其在溶液中浓度为2.0mM),然后按照流速为100mL/min通入CO2;在电催化系统阳极池中加入10mL水,外加电压为-0.7V(vs.Ag/AgCl),从而实现生物电催化CO2还原。
图1为生物电催化体系示意图,在电解池阳极水被分解为H+和O2,在阴极电子转移到电子媒介中性红进而将NAD+还原为NADH,FDH@PEI@SBA-15利用NADH将CO2还原为甲酸。
图2为罗丹宁B染色的甲酸脱氢酶固定在PEI@SBA-15上获得的激光共聚焦扫描图,可见有连续的荧光信号,说明酶成功固定到PEI修饰的SBA-15载体上。
图3为甲酸脱氢酶固定在PEI@SBA-15上获得的扫面电子显微镜图,可见该材料是长穗状,断面有大量纳米级孔道。
使用实施例1中的方法进行生物电催化CO2还原,经测试180min后产生的甲酸浓度为1.12mM。
实施例2
进行生物电催化CO2还原,具体步骤与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于步骤b)中加入含0.09gPEI的100mM磷酸缓冲液,使PEI与SBA-15质量比为30%。
图4为SBA-15在不同PEI修饰量下的CO2程序升温脱附表征图,可见PEI修饰后,介孔材料对CO2的吸附量明显增加。
使用实施例2进行生物电催化CO2还原,经测试180min后产生的甲酸浓度为0.88mM。
实施例3
进行生物电催化CO2还原,具体步骤与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于步骤b)中加入含0.24gPEI的100mM磷酸缓冲液,使PEI与SBA-15质量比为80%。
使用实施例3进行生物电催化CO2还原,经测试180min后产生的甲酸浓度为1.10mM。
对比例
本对比例中,具体步骤与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于步骤b)中不加入PEI;步骤e)中不加入电子媒介。
图5为对比例中的介孔材料SBA-15的扫面电子显微镜图,未加PEI修饰,可见该材料是长穗状,断面有大量纳米级孔道,可用于固定化酶。
使用本对比例进行生物电催化CO2还原,经测试180min后产生甲酸浓度为0.30mM,远低于实施例的结果。
从上述实施例1至3和对比例可以看出,对比例制备的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化CO2还原,其产甲酸浓度分别与实施例1至3之间存在较大的差距。因而应用本发明方法,特别是实施例1中的制备条件中加入的PEI的量占SBA-15的质量百分数为60%和操作方法,可获得具有很好性能的生物电催化CO2还原效果。
通过本发明制备方法可获得良好的介孔材料固定化酶,其含有大量介孔结构和能够增强CO2吸附的PEI材料,其可用于CO2的资源化处理,具有较好的甲酸生成量,而有着很好的实用性。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以做出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其特征在于:以SBA-15作为介孔材料,通过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性,利用戊二醛共价结合聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)实现介孔材料氨基化,通过震荡混合固定化甲酸脱氢酶,利用中性红辅酶再生,在阴极实现生物电催化CO2还原。
2.根据权利要求1所述的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1)制备3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性的介孔材料
称取一定量的介孔材料SBA-15置于容器中,加入适量的无水甲苯,介孔材料SBA-15与无水甲苯的质量体积比为1g/30mL,超声分散为均质溶液;缓慢加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),介孔材料SBA-15与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量体积比为1g/mL,110℃下搅拌、冷凝回流24h;将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤三次除去未反应的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷后,于60℃烘箱中干燥12h,得到3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性的介孔材料,记为APTES改性的介孔材料;
步骤2)介孔材料聚乙烯亚胺氨基化
称取一定量步骤1)制备的APTES改性的介孔材料置于一容器中,加入适量的磷酸缓冲液,APTES改性的介孔材料与磷酸缓冲液的质量体积比为0.3g/10mL,超声分散;向上述溶液中加入戊二醛溶液,APTES改性的介孔材料与戊二醛溶液的质量体积比0.3g/mL,搅拌后加入聚乙烯亚胺的磷酸缓冲液,其中,溶液中的聚乙烯亚胺占溶液中加入介孔材料SBA-15的质量百分数为30%-80%,室温搅拌;
将反应液冷却至室温,离心分离,用去离子水多次洗涤,烘箱干燥12h,实现介孔材料聚乙烯亚胺氨基化,得到橘红色固体,记为PEI@SBA-15;
步骤3)介孔材料固定化酶
将步骤2)得到的PEI@SBA-15分散在摩尔浓度为100mM、pH=6的磷酸缓冲液中,所述PEI@SBA-15与磷酸缓冲液质量体积比为0.05g/mL,然后加入甲酸脱氢酶,甲酸脱氢酶与PEI@SBA-15的质量比为1/50;通过摇床震荡混合,实现静电吸附;然后用磷酸缓冲液清洗3次,离心取沉淀然后干燥得介孔材料固定化酶,记为FDH@PEI@SBA-15;
步骤4)在电催化系统阴极池中加入适量的摩尔浓度为100mM、pH=6的磷酸缓冲液,步骤3)得到的FDH@PEI@SBA-15,并加入适量中性红使溶液中中性红的浓度为0.1mM,加入适量NADH使溶液中NADH的浓度为2.0mM,然后按照流速为100mL/min通入CO2;
在电催化系统阳极池中加入与阴极池中磷酸缓冲液体积相等的水,外加电压为-0.7V(vs.Ag/AgCl),从而实现生物电催化CO2还原。
3.根据权利要求2所述的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,烘箱干燥的温度为60℃。
4.根据权利要求2所述的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,摇床震荡混合的时间为4h;离心取沉淀后的干燥方法为冷冻干燥。
5.根据权利要求2所述的介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,FDH@PEI@SBA-15、中性红与NADH的质量比例为25:1:40。
6.一种介孔材料固定化酶进行生物电催化二氧化碳还原的应用,其特征在于:将如权利要求1至5所述的二氧化碳还原方法用于CO2的资源化处理,从而将CO2还原为甲酸,180min后产生甲酸浓度为0.88mM-1.12mM。
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CN114540404A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 大连理工大学 | 一种乙醇发酵过程中二氧化碳原位固定的方法 |
CN114540404B (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-11-07 | 大连理工大学 | 一种乙醇发酵过程中二氧化碳原位固定的方法 |
CN115851696A (zh) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-03-28 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 铜基甲酸脱氢酶、其制备方法、包含其的电极及应用 |
WO2024169359A1 (zh) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-08-22 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 铜基甲酸脱氢酶、其制备方法、包含其的电极及应用 |
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