CN113978305B - Power-assisted standardized battery box self-service charging and replacing system - Google Patents
Power-assisted standardized battery box self-service charging and replacing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113978305B CN113978305B CN202111223839.8A CN202111223839A CN113978305B CN 113978305 B CN113978305 B CN 113978305B CN 202111223839 A CN202111223839 A CN 202111223839A CN 113978305 B CN113978305 B CN 113978305B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The self-service battery charging and changing system of the power-assisted standardized battery box comprises a self-service battery changing cabinet, a standard battery box, an automobile end battery box mounting seat, an automobile end voltage conversion module and a charging pile; the standard battery box can be inserted and installed in the self-service battery changing cabinet for automatic charging; the charging pile is connected through a charging gun to supply power and perform background management; the standard battery box can be inserted and installed on an automobile end battery box installation seat of the electric automobile after being fully charged, and the voltage is converted to be matched with the voltage and current of the power battery pack in the electric automobile through the automobile end voltage conversion module, so that the electric energy in the standard battery box is transferred to the power battery pack in the electric automobile, and the electric power is provided for driving. The method solves the contradiction problem existing in the characteristics of different power batteries, meets the requirements of strong power and long service life, solves the problem that the battery packs of electric vehicles with different brands and continuous models are different in specification, enables the power conversion mode to be widely applied, and enables the power conversion stations to be widely distributed and established.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging and replacing of electric automobiles, in particular to a self-service charging and replacing system of a power-assisted standardized battery box.
Background
In order to protect the environment and improve the energy structure, the state greatly promotes new energy electric vehicles. The electric power of the electric automobile is supplemented with two modes of charging and power exchanging, wherein the power exchanging mode is generally compatible with the charging mode. The charging mode is divided into alternating current slow charging and direct current fast charging.
The alternating current is charged slowly. The single-phase alternating current is supplied to the electric automobile through the alternating current charging pile, and the vehicle-mounted charger charges a power battery pack in the electric automobile. The alternating-current charging pile has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, small power, low power supply requirement, easiness in installation, low charging speed and long waiting time, is not suitable for supplying power midway, and can only be suitable for long-time parking charging of a garage.
And D.C. fast charging. The three-phase alternating current is converted into direct current by the direct current charging pile, and the direct current is connected to a power battery pack inside the electric automobile for charging. The direct current charging pile has high power and high charging speed, but has high manufacturing cost, high power supply requirement and difficult installation. Although the direct current quick charge is quick in charging speed, a certain time is needed, the time far exceeds the refueling time and the power conversion time of the fuel oil vehicle, and the waiting time needed by half way midway power supplement is unacceptable. In order to increase the charging speed and increase the charging power, the requirements on power supply and charging equipment are high, and the high current receiving capability of the power battery pack is also required to be considered, so that the service life of the battery pack is not facilitated.
And replacing the battery pack. The battery pack which uses up the electric power is replaced completely, so that the battery pack is quick and convenient and has short waiting time. However, the whole battery pack of the electric automobile is replaced, so that the structure of the power battery pack is complicated, the cost and the weight of the electric automobile are increased, and the cost performance of the electric automobile is reduced. The power exchange station system is huge, the difficulty of building a station is high, the large-scale popularization is difficult, many electric vehicles need to run far to exchange power, the consumption of much power and time is additionally increased, and the power exchange requirement of the electric vehicles is limited. The power battery packs of the electric vehicles are not standardized, the battery packs of the electric vehicles with different brands and continuous models are different in structure, the battery packs are difficult to uniformly replace, and the battery packs with various models are required to be equipped, so that the battery replacement mode is difficult to popularize.
Mileage anxiety. The cruising ability is the most important index of the electric automobile, the electric automobile is required to be cruised for a long distance, and the electric automobile is worried about insufficient cruising ability and cannot be charged in time. The specific gravity occupied by the cost of the power battery pack of the electric automobile is higher, so that the capacity of the battery pack is improved to meet the endurance capacity, the cost is too high, the cost is not low, the devaluation is too fast, the new technology of the battery is rapidly developed, and the cost performance is rapidly improved. The power battery with each characteristic has the advantages and the disadvantages that the energy type power battery can store more electric quantity, and has longer endurance, such as a ternary lithium battery, but has lower power density, poorer burst rate, poorer safety and poorer service life. The power type power battery has strong explosive force, strong power and long service life, such as a lithium titanate battery, but has smaller energy density, poorer cruising ability and more expensive price. In order to adopt a high-capacity battery pack for cruising ability, an energy type power battery is selected, and the power, safety and service life are poor. In order to achieve strong power and long service life, capacity is sacrificed, and cruising duration is reduced. Too much cost is paid when the user wants to continue to travel far, and the cost is too high. The lithium iron phosphate battery is moderate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a self-service battery changing cabinet which adopts a unified standard battery box capable of being changed with an electric automobile, combines the battery box with a fixed power battery in the electric automobile, combines power batteries with different characteristics in a complementary way, and solves the contradiction problem existing in the characteristics of different power batteries. The fixed power battery in the electric automobile adopts a power type power battery, so that the requirements of strong power and long service life can be met. The replaceable battery box adopts a unified standard structure, solves the problem that the specifications of battery packs of electric vehicles with different brands and continuous models are different, enables a power conversion mode to be universally applied, and enables power conversion stations to be widely distributed and established. The standardized replaceable battery compartment may operate as a rental mode.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the self-service battery charging and changing system of the power-assisted standardized battery box comprises a self-service battery changing cabinet, a standard battery box, an automobile end battery box mounting seat, an automobile end voltage conversion module and a charging pile; the standard battery box can be inserted and installed in the self-service battery changing cabinet for automatic charging; the charging pile is connected through a charging gun to supply power and perform background management; the standard battery box can be inserted into and mounted on an automobile end battery box mounting seat of the electric automobile after being fully charged, and the automobile end voltage conversion module converts voltage to voltage and current matched with a power battery pack in the electric automobile for charging, so that electric energy in the standard battery box is transferred to the power battery pack in the electric automobile, and electric power is supplied to driving.
The self-service battery changing cabinet comprises a cabinet, and a battery box mounting seat, a charging module, a main control circuit board, an operation display screen and a charging gun socket which are arranged on the cabinet; the battery box mounting seat is used for mounting a standard battery box, the standard battery box is connected with the charging module, and the charging gun socket is connected with the charging pile to obtain power supply and then charges the standard battery box by the charging module; the main control circuit board controls each part of the self-service battery-changing cabinet to work, the operation display screen is used for displaying the related information of the charging state, and the required battery-changing action is carried out through touch screen operation; the cabinet adopts waterproof design and is arranged beside the charging pile.
The battery box mounting seat comprises a mounting cavity, a guide rail, an electromagnetic latch lock, a circuit connecting seat and a spring; the circuit connecting seat is arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity and is used for being electrically connected with the standard battery box; the guide rails are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate of the mounting cavity and used for enabling the standard battery box to slide on the guide rails; the electromagnetic latch lock and the spring are arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity, wherein the electromagnetic latch lock locks a latch hole inserted into the standard battery box during charging, and the electromagnetic latch lock is unlocked by operating a power exchange program after the charging is finished, and the spring ejects the standard battery box.
The charging module is provided with a plurality of lines for connecting wiring harnesses, an alternating current power supply input line speed and a communication connection wiring harness; the multi-path line connection wire harness is connected to the circuit connection seats of the battery box installation seats to charge the standard battery boxes in turn; the alternating current power supply input line speed is connected to the charging gun socket, and the charging gun of the charging pile supplies power to the charging module; the communication connection wire harness is connected with the main control circuit board for communication.
The standard battery box comprises a box body, a battery circuit connecting seat, a BMS battery management circuit, a high-current relay, a fuse and a battery module; the battery module is arranged in the case body, and each battery unit of the battery module is connected to the BMS battery management circuit so as to monitor and protect each battery unit; the main current path of the battery module is connected to the battery circuit connection socket through the high current relay and the fuse to be connected to an external circuit.
The automobile terminal voltage conversion module is provided with a circuit connection wire harness and a main current wire harness, the circuit connection wire harness is connected to a circuit connection seat of an automobile terminal battery box installation seat, and the main current wire harness is connected to a power battery pack of the electric automobile; the standard battery box is connected with the circuit connection wire harness through the circuit connection seat, and sends out a standard connection communication protocol after being connected to the automobile terminal voltage conversion module, the high-current relay is closed after the communication is correct, the main current path of the battery module is connected, and the voltage of the battery module is converted to be matched with the voltage of the power battery pack of the electric automobile for charging.
The invention further comprises a power-assisted mechanical arm which is used for transferring the standard battery box to the electric automobile; the power-assisted mechanical arm comprises a lifting rotary upright post, a horizontal telescopic rod, a lifting driving mechanism and a hook, wherein the horizontal telescopic rod is arranged on the upper portion of the lifting rotary upright post, the hook is arranged on the bottom of the telescopic rod and used for hooking a hanging hole of a standard battery box, and the lifting driving mechanism is used for lifting the lifting rotary upright post.
The charging pile adopts an alternating current charging pile.
The self-service battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile adopt standard battery boxes which are unified and easy to change by self, the volume and the weight are relatively small, the self-service change is convenient, the problems that a power changing system is huge, a power battery pack is not unified and is too complex and heavy and difficult to change are solved, and the self-service battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile are convenient to popularize. The design of the electric power capacity of the small and light standard battery box can enable a common electric automobile to travel 40-80 km, and meet the daily requirements of most people. If the travel is far, the relay mode of replacing the standard battery box for many times can be adopted to meet the endurance, the problem of mileage anxiety of the electric automobile is solved without being equipped with a power battery pack with large capacity, the capacity can be properly sacrificed, and the power battery pack with better safety, long service life and large power density can be selected.
The standard battery box adopts a battery module with lower voltage, and the voltage of the standard battery box is converted into voltage and current matched with the power battery pack of the electric automobile to charge the battery module by applying a voltage conversion mode, so that the electric energy of the standard battery box is transferred to the power battery pack of the electric automobile, and the unified standard problem of replacing the power battery pack is solved. The standard battery box can be charged on the electric automobile while driving, so that the waiting time for charging is saved, the problem that the charging pile needs to be charged for waiting time is solved, and charging or electricity replacement can be freely selected.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can reduce the waiting time of the supplementary power, so that the electric automobile is more easily accepted by people, and is favorable for popularization. Secondly, the power conversion mode is standardized, the power conversion mode is suitable for electric automobiles with various specifications, and the standardized battery box is adopted, so that the power conversion device has universal adaptability and is easier to use. After the voltage conversion mode is adopted, battery modules with various specifications can be used, gradient battery modules can be fully utilized, and the lithium battery resources are utilized more highly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-service power conversion cabinet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a battery box mounting base structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power-assisted mechanical arm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a standard battery box structure;
FIG. 6 is a rear view schematic diagram of a standard battery box structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mounting seat structure of an automobile end battery box;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a terminal voltage conversion module of an automobile;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power battery pack charged after the automobile end voltage conversion module and the automobile end battery box mount;
FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of an automotive terminal voltage conversion module;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging module of the self-service battery-changing cabinet;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a charging module and a plurality of battery wire mounts, a main control circuit board, and a charging gun socket;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a charging module circuit;
fig. 14 is a schematic circuit diagram of a main control circuit board.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear and obvious, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention mainly comprises a self-service battery changing cabinet 1, a standard battery box 2, an automobile end battery box mounting seat 3, an automobile end voltage conversion module 4 and a charging pile 5 or other power supply facilities. The self-service battery changing cabinet 1 and the standard battery boxes 2 are core parts, the plurality of standard battery boxes 2 can be inserted and installed into the self-service battery changing cabinet 1 to be automatically charged, and the charging piles 5 are connected through the charging gun to supply power and perform background management. The standard battery box 2 fully charged in the self-service battery changing cabinet 1 can be inserted into and installed in an electric automobile, voltage is converted into voltage and current matched with a power battery pack in the electric automobile through the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4 to charge, and electric energy in the standard battery box 2 is transferred to the power battery pack in the electric automobile, and meanwhile, electric power is supplied to driving. And replacing the standard battery box 2 with the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1 after the electric power is released.
As shown in fig. 2, the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1 mainly comprises a plurality of battery box mounting seats 6, a power-assisted mechanical arm (or mechanical arm) 7, a charging module 8, a main control circuit board 9, an operation display screen 10, a charging gun socket 11 and a cabinet 12. A plurality of standard battery boxes 2 can be inserted and installed by the battery box installation seats 6, the standard battery boxes 2 are connected to the charging module 8, and the charging gun socket 11 is connected with the charging pile 5 (adopting an alternating current charging pile) to obtain power supply, and then the standard battery boxes 2 are charged by the charging module 8. The power-assisted mechanical arm 7 can easily transfer the taken standard battery box 2 into the electric automobile, so that self-service power-exchanging operation is not laborious. The main control circuit board 9 controls all parts of the self-service battery-changing cabinet to work, the operation display screen 10 displays various information such as charging state and the like, and the required battery-changing action is carried out through touch screen operation. The cabinet 12 is designed for outdoor rain protection and can be installed beside an outdoor charging pile.
As shown in fig. 3, the battery box mounting base 6 is used for inserting and mounting the standard battery box 2, and mainly comprises a guide rail 13, an electromagnetic latch lock 14, a circuit connecting base 15 and a spring 16. The guide rails 13 are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate of the mounting cavity, the guide rails 13 can enable the standard battery box 2 to be smoothly inserted into and pulled out, and the weight of the standard battery box can be borne and fixed; the electromagnetic latch lock 14 and the spring 16 are arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity, the electromagnetic latch lock 14 can lock a latch hole inserted into the standard battery box 2, and the electromagnetic latch lock is automatically locked after being inserted in place and cannot be pulled out. After the locking can be released by operating the power changing program, the spring 16 can automatically eject the standard battery box 2 to a certain position, and the standard battery box can be easily pulled out; the circuit connection base 15 is electrically connected with a circuit connection base inserted into the standard battery box 2, and is connected with a battery module circuit and a battery management system circuit inside the standard battery box 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the booster mechanical arm 7 mainly comprises a lifting rotary upright 17, a horizontal telescopic rod 18, a lifting driving mechanism 19, a hook 20 and a crank handle 21. The lifting rotary upright 17 is used as a supporting function and can lift and rotate, the horizontal telescopic rod 18 is arranged on the upper portion of the lifting rotary upright 17, the hook is arranged 20 on the bottom of the telescopic rod and used for hooking a hanging hole of a standard battery box, and the lifting driving mechanism 19 is used for lifting the lifting rotary upright 17. The standard battery box 2 is replaced and carried between the battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile by the horizontal telescopic rod 18 in cooperation with the lifting rotary upright 17. The lifting driving mechanism 19 is driven by a motor, the height of the telescopic rod 18 can be changed, and the equipped hand crank 21 can be manually controlled when the motor loses power, so that the height of the standard battery box 2 is lifted to a proper height and the standard battery box is installed in an electric automobile. The hooks 20 can hook 4 hanging holes of the standard battery box 2 for carrying, and the power change operation can be easily and freely carried out by a vehicle owner. As an alternative, the robot arm can be selected for conditional occasions to be more convenient and intelligent.
As shown in front view 5 and rear view 6, the standard battery box 2 is mainly composed of a box body 22, a circuit connection base 23, a BMS battery management circuit 24, a high current relay 25, a fuse 26, a battery module 27, a panel 28, a fixing screw 29, a latch hole 30 and a hanging hole 31. The battery modules 27 are securely mounted within the housing 22, one or both as desired. Each of the cells within the battery module 27 is connected to the BMS battery management circuit 24 to monitor and protect each of the battery cells. The main current path of the battery module 27 is connected to the circuit connection block 23 through the high current relay 25 and the fuse 26, and is connected to an external circuit. The BMS battery management circuit 24 is equipped with a standard protocol, and the high current relay 25 is closed to complete the main current path only when the external circuit is connected to meet the requirements of the standard protocol. Any abnormal situation occurs and the high current relay 25 is opened. In order to prevent the high-current relay 25 from failing, the fuse 26 is connected to quickly blow and cut off the current when the current is too high or short-circuited, thereby preventing the situation from expanding. The hanging hole 31 can enable the hanging hook 20 of the power-assisted mechanical arm 7 to hang the standard battery box 2 for carrying. In order to meet the requirement that most people can self-service change the battery box without the power-assisted mechanical arm, the total weight of the battery box is designed to be about 50 kg, and the ordinary people can lift the battery box to change the battery box.
As shown in fig. 7, the structure and the function of the battery box mounting seat 3 at the vehicle end are basically the same as those of the battery box mounting seat of the battery box, and the fixing lugs 33 which can be fixedly mounted on the electric vehicle are added at 4 angular positions, so that the screw holes on the fixing lugs can be firmly locked and mounted in the electric vehicle. Screw hole fixing strips 32 capable of fixing the panel of the standard battery box 2 are arranged on two sides, and after the standard battery box 2 is inserted and installed, screws can be locked.
As shown in fig. 8, the automobile end voltage conversion module 4 is provided with a circuit connection seat for connecting a line connection harness 35 to the automobile end battery box mounting seat 3, and is provided with a main current harness 34 for connecting to a power battery pack of an electric automobile. The automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4 and the automobile terminal battery box mounting seat 3 are combined and mounted as shown in fig. 9, the inserted standard battery box 2 is connected with the circuit connection wire harness 35 through the circuit connection seat 23, after being connected to the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4, a standard connection communication protocol is sent out, the high current relay 25 is closed after the communication is correct, the main current path of the battery module is connected, the voltage of the battery module is converted to the voltage matched with the power battery pack of the electric automobile for charging, and the electric power of the standard battery box 2 is transmitted to the power battery pack inside the electric automobile to realize electric power energy transfer.
Fig. 10 shows the circuit principle of the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4: the voltage conversion driving chip U1 is arranged, the driving power tube Q1 controls main current passing through the power inductor, and the electric energy of the battery module 27 in the standard battery box 2 is converted into voltage and current suitable for the power battery pack in the electric automobile, so that electric power transmission is performed. The R1R2 samples the voltage of the battery module 27 in real time, and feeds the voltage back to the voltage conversion driving chip U1, so that the voltage conversion is stopped in time after the electric power of the battery module 27 is released, the over-discharge is avoided, and the use safety of the battery module 27 is protected. R3R4 samples the converted voltage in real time, and feeds the voltage back to the voltage conversion driving chip U1, so that the converted voltage is suitable for charging the power battery pack. R5 samples the converted charging current, and feeds the sampled charging current back to the voltage conversion driving chip U1 to control the charging current to be kept at a proper set value. R9 samples the output current of the battery module, and feeds the output current back to the voltage conversion driving chip U1 to control the output current of the battery module 27 not to be excessive, so that the battery module 27 is damaged. R11 samples the conduction current of the power tube, and feeds the conduction current back to the voltage conversion driving chip U1 to control the maximum conduction current within a safe range. An MCU chip U2 is provided, which can be connected to a communication line of the line connection harness 35, and performs handshake communication with the BMS battery management circuit 24 of the standard battery box 2, exchanging data. Can be connected to a voltage conversion driving chip U1 to control the converted voltage and current. The voltage and current converted by the circuit are connected to the electric vehicle power battery pack through interfaces DC+ and DC-through a connecting main current linear speed 34 for electric power energy transfer.
As shown in fig. 11, the charging module 8 in the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1 is similar to the external structure of the automotive terminal voltage conversion module 4 shown in fig. 8, and the main difference is that a plurality of circuit connection harnesses 36 are provided and can be connected to the circuit connection seats of the plurality of battery-box installation seats 6 to alternately charge the standard battery boxes 2 in the plurality of battery installation seats 6. An ac power input line speed 38 is provided and connected to the charging gun socket 11 to power the charging module 8 through the charging gun of the ac charging post. A communication connection harness 37 is provided, and the connectable main control circuit board 9 communicates with each other, and the composition structure is shown in fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 13, a schematic circuit diagram of a charging module 8 in the self-service power conversion cabinet 1 is provided, and a high-power AC-DC power conversion circuit module is provided, wherein the interfaces ac_l and ac_n are connected to a main current line speed and then to a charging gun socket 11, and an AC power is connected to a charging gun through a charging pile, and the high-power AC-DC power conversion circuit module converts the AC power supplied by the charging pile into a stable DC voltage. The voltage conversion driving chip U1 is arranged, the power tube Q1 is amplified and driven through the Q2, the current flowing through the power inductor L1 is controlled, the voltage and the current suitable for charging the battery module 27 are generated, and the battery module 27 is charged through the circuit connecting seat on the battery box mounting seat. R1 samples input current and sends the input current to U1 for detection, and charging power is controlled. R2 samples charging current and sends the charging current to U1 for detection, and the stability of the current is controlled. R3R4 samples the input voltage so as to ensure the safe voltage range of the operation of the conversion circuit. R5R6 samples the output voltage to adapt the converted voltage to the battery module charge. Interfaces J1, J2, J3. are provided; a multi-way wiring harness 36 may be connected to the multiple battery box mounts to switch the charging of each standard battery box 2 under Q3, Q4, Q5.. The MCU chip U2 is arranged to drive Q6, Q7 and Q8.. Control Q3, Q4 and Q5.. Switch charging current; the communication interfaces CK1/DA1/CS1, CK2/DA2/CS2, CK3/DA3/CS3. A communication interface is arranged and can be connected with a communication connection wire harness 37 and a main circuit board 9 connected with the communication interface to control the charging of the standard battery box 2.
Fig. 14 shows a circuit principle of the main control circuit board 9 in the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1, which is provided with an MCU chip U1, and can perform data acquisition and charging control on the charging module through the charging module communication interface. The electromagnetic latch lock is controlled by R1Q1 to perform power conversion operation, and the booster lifting motor is controlled by R2Q2 to carry the standard battery box 2 to the booster mechanical arm 7. The LCD display screen communication interface is arranged to control the LCD to operate and display the display screen. Be equipped with bluetooth module and can carry out the communication with the bluetooth module that pairs on the charging pile mainboard, be connected to the network backstage of charging the stake and charge and change electric management. The WIFI module is arranged and can be connected with a wireless network. The USB interface is arranged, so that the internal data of the MCU can be managed. The control signal interface of the charging gun socket 11 is arranged, so that the insertion of the charging gun, the control connection signal and the guiding signal can be detected. An auxiliary power module is arranged for the whole machine to pass through stable working voltage.
The operation display screen 10 provides a man-machine interaction interface, and performs replacement operation of the standard battery box.
The charging gun socket 11 can be connected with a charging gun of a charging pile to supply power to the charging module 8 and charge the standard battery box 2 arranged in the battery box mounting seat 6.
The cabinet 12 is provided with a rainproof shell and a fixed base, and can be arranged outdoors to resist wind, rain and showering; the internal structure can be provided with all parts necessary for the battery-changing cabinet; a plurality of battery box mounting seat interfaces are arranged, so that a plurality of standard battery boxes 2 can be mounted; the base is arranged and can be fixedly arranged on the ground.
The case 22 of the standard battery case 2 adopts a standardized industrial case design, and can be used for fixedly mounting battery modules with various specifications; the box panel 28 is provided with a fixing screw 29, and after being inserted into the battery box mounting seat 6, the fixing screw 29 can be locked for fixing; an electromagnetic lock hole 30 is arranged on one side of the inner side of the box body, and the box body can be inserted into and locked by an electromagnetic latch lock after being inserted into a battery box mounting seat so as not to be pulled out.
The BMS battery management circuit 24 of the standard battery box 2 is connected to each unit node of the battery module, monitors and protects each battery unit, monitors the current voltage and the temperature of the battery in real time, prevents overcharge, overdischarge and overheat of each battery unit, and ensures the use safety of the battery module.
The circuit connection base 23 of the standard battery case 2 is connected to the battery management circuit BMS and the battery module, and allows the battery module to be charged and discharged with an external circuit.
The high current relay 25 of the standard battery box 2 is controlled by the battery management circuit BMS to protect and control the connection of the battery module to the external circuit, and the relay is closed to connect the battery module current to the external circuit only when the communication of all the external circuits is completely correct. If abnormal conditions occur, the relay immediately disconnects the battery module, thereby preventing accidents.
The high-current fuse 26 of the standard battery box 2 is fused immediately when a short circuit occurs or the current exceeds a safety range and the high-current relay fails and cannot be disconnected, so that the expansion of accidents is prevented.
The battery module 27 of the standard battery box 2 adopts a unified standard design, and the capacity design is controlled according to the maximum weight of the standard battery box, and is generally controlled in the range of 40-50 kg. The energy density of the current power lithium battery can reach 180W hours per kilogram, a 50 kg battery module can achieve 9000W hours, namely the capacity of 9℃, and the electric vehicle can run 50-90 km, so that the requirements of a normal day can be basically met. For a distance to be travelled, a distance of 50-90 km can generally pass through two or three service areas, and the standard battery box 2 can be stopped for relay endurance. In order to be compatible with the gradient battery module, the voltage design of the module is close to the voltage of most gradient batteries, so that the design of the charging module and the automobile end boosting module is simpler, and the efficiency is higher. In order to be more flexible to use, the battery module is divided into two parts, and only one battery module can be installed, so that the requirement of light weight is met.
The application method of the invention is as follows:
1. as shown in fig. 1, the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1 is installed beside the charging pile 5, and can also be installed beside other power supply facilities. One or more standard battery boxes 2 are inserted into one of the battery mounting seats 6 of the self-service battery changing cabinet 1, and fixing screws 29 are locked.
2. The matched Bluetooth receiving assembly is inserted into a main board communication interface in the charging pile 5, bluetooth pairing is carried out through operation of the operation display screen 10 and keys on the main control circuit board 9, so that the self-service battery-changing cabinet 1 can carry out wireless communication with the charging pile 5, and the self-service battery-changing cabinet is connected to a charging pile background or other background management battery-changing systems.
3. The alternating current charging gun is inserted into the charging gun socket 11, and is set according to a preset program, so that the plurality of standard battery boxes 2 are automatically charged in turn until all charging is saturated, meanwhile, the charging state is sent to the background in real time, and the electric automobile user can check the state at the mobile phone APP or the WeChat applet.
4. The automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4 and the automobile terminal battery box mounting seat 3 are fixed together, the linear speed is connected, then the automobile terminal voltage conversion module and the automobile terminal battery box mounting seat are mounted and fixed on a proper reliable part of an electric automobile together, and the fixing lug 33 is locked on a stressed part inside the electric automobile by a screw. The main current wire harness 34 of the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4 is connected and installed to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery pack, particularly attention is paid to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the LED indicator lamp always lights and emits light to indicate that the circuit is normal.
5. The standard battery box 2 fully charged in the self-service battery changing cabinet 1 is taken out, the standard battery box 2 is carried into the automobile end battery box mounting seat 3 of the electric automobile through the power-assisted mechanical arm 7, and the fixing screw 29 is locked. After the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4 communicates correctly through the circuit connection seat 23, the heavy current relay 25 in the standard battery box 2 is closed, the battery module 27 in the heavy current relay is used for supplying power to the automobile terminal voltage conversion module 4, the voltage conversion starts to work, voltage and current suitable for charging the power battery of the electric automobile are generated, the indicator light sends out a flickering indication, and the power energy of the battery module 27 starts to be continuously transmitted. After the electricity of the battery module 27 is released, the voltage conversion is automatically stopped, so that the excessive discharge is avoided, the LED indicator lights flash rapidly, and the nearby self-service battery changing cabinet 1 is required to change the standard battery box 2. Through the backstage network of charging stake, can know the electric power state of the inside standard battery case 2 of self-service cabinet 1 nearby at any time, find the standard battery case 2 that electric power is saturated and change.
5. The battery box 2 is placed outside, and after being replaced into the self-service battery changing cabinet 1, the battery box can automatically start charging, and can also adjust charging time according to surrounding power use conditions, avoid power consumption peaks and fully utilize low-valley power.
The self-service battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile adopt standard battery boxes which are unified and easy to change by self, the volume and the weight are relatively small, the self-service battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile are portable and convenient to change by self, the problem that the battery changing system is huge is solved, and the self-service battery changing cabinet and the electric automobile are convenient to popularize. The design of the electric power capacity of the small and light standard battery box can enable a common electric automobile to run for 40-80 km (the later stage can be adjusted according to market demands and battery energy density), and the requirements of most people on one day are met. For the long-distance travel requirement, the relay mode of replacing the standard battery box for many times can be adopted to meet the endurance, a large-capacity power battery pack is not required to be equipped, the problem of mileage anxiety of the electric automobile is solved, and a power type power battery with small capacity can be adopted in the electric automobile to meet the requirement of strong power. The standardized replaceable battery box adopts an energy type power battery, can store more electric power, meets the requirement of long-lasting endurance, and solves infinite endurance through a continuous power exchange mode.
In this embodiment, a battery module with a relatively low voltage is installed inside a standard battery box, and a voltage conversion mode is adopted outside to convert the voltage of the standard battery box into a voltage and current matched with an electric vehicle power battery pack for charging. The standard battery box arranged on the electric automobile can transfer electric power energy to the power battery pack of the electric automobile while driving, and the problem of charging waiting time is solved. The battery module in the standard battery box can be a new battery module with unified standard or a echelon battery module. Since voltage conversion is externally employed, a battery module having a wide voltage range can be selected, and a wide variety of battery modules can be accommodated.
Claims (7)
1. Self-service charging and replacing system of power-assisted standardized battery box, characterized in that: the self-service battery changing cabinet comprises a self-service battery changing cabinet, a standard battery box, an automobile end battery box mounting seat, an automobile end voltage conversion module and a charging pile; the standard battery box can be inserted and installed in the self-service battery changing cabinet for automatic charging; the charging pile is connected through a charging gun to supply power and perform background management; the standard battery box can be inserted into and mounted on an automobile end battery box mounting seat of the electric automobile after being fully charged, and the automobile end voltage conversion module converts voltage to voltage and current matched with a power battery pack in the electric automobile for charging, so that electric energy in the standard battery box is transferred to the power battery pack in the electric automobile, and electric power is provided for driving;
the standard battery box comprises a box body, a battery circuit connecting seat, a BMS battery management circuit, a high-current relay, a fuse and a battery module; the battery module is arranged in the case body, and each battery unit of the battery module is connected to the BMS battery management circuit so as to monitor and protect each battery unit; the main current path of the battery module is connected to the battery circuit connecting seat through the high-current relay and the fuse to be connected to an external circuit;
the automobile terminal voltage conversion module is provided with a circuit connection wire harness and a main current wire harness, the circuit connection wire harness is connected to a circuit connection seat of an automobile terminal battery box installation seat, and the main current wire harness is connected to a power battery pack of the electric automobile; the standard battery box is connected with the circuit connection wire harness through the circuit connection seat, and sends out a standard connection communication protocol after being connected to the automobile terminal voltage conversion module, the high-current relay is closed after the communication is correct, the main current path of the battery module is connected, and the voltage of the battery module is converted to be matched with the voltage of the power battery pack of the electric automobile for charging.
2. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the self-service battery changing cabinet comprises a cabinet, and a battery box mounting seat, a charging module, a main control circuit board, an operation display screen and a charging gun socket which are arranged on the cabinet; the battery box mounting seat is used for mounting a standard battery box, the standard battery box is connected with the charging module, and the charging gun socket is connected with the charging pile to obtain power supply and then charges the standard battery box by the charging module; the main control circuit board controls the work of each part of the self-service battery-changing cabinet, the operation display screen is used for displaying the relevant information of the charging state, and the required battery-changing action is carried out through touch screen operation.
3. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cabinet adopts waterproof design and is arranged beside the charging pile.
4. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the battery box mounting seat comprises a mounting cavity, a guide rail, an electromagnetic latch lock, a circuit connecting seat and a spring; the circuit connecting seat is arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity and is used for being electrically connected with the standard battery box; the guide rails are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate of the mounting cavity and used for enabling the standard battery box to slide on the guide rails; the electromagnetic latch lock and the spring are arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity, wherein the electromagnetic latch lock locks a latch hole inserted into the standard battery box during charging, and the electromagnetic latch lock is unlocked by operating a power exchange program after the charging is finished, and the spring ejects the standard battery box.
5. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the charging module is provided with a plurality of lines for connecting wiring harnesses, an alternating current power supply input line speed and a communication connection wiring harness; the multi-path line connection wire harness is connected to the circuit connection seats of the battery box installation seats to charge the standard battery boxes in turn; the alternating current power supply input line speed is connected to the charging gun socket, and the charging gun of the charging pile supplies power to the charging module; the communication connection wire harness is connected with the main control circuit board for communication.
6. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power-assisted mechanical arm is used for transferring the standard battery box to the electric automobile; the power-assisted mechanical arm comprises a lifting rotary upright post, a horizontal telescopic rod, a lifting driving mechanism and a hook, wherein the horizontal telescopic rod is arranged on the upper portion of the lifting rotary upright post, the hook is arranged on the bottom of the telescopic rod and used for hooking a hanging hole of a standard battery box, and the lifting driving mechanism is used for lifting the lifting rotary upright post.
7. The self-service battery charging and changing system of power-assisted standardized battery box as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the charging pile adopts an alternating current charging pile.
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| CN202111223839.8A CN113978305B (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | Power-assisted standardized battery box self-service charging and replacing system |
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