CN113977991B - 一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,通过将碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料预成型制成发泡体、对发泡体进行表面处理、碳纤维预浸料与发泡体铺层、二次发泡制得碳纤维机翼。碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料包括:发泡剂HR-313、分散剂、碳纤维短切纤、增韧剂按1:0.2:0.2:0.1组成;所述发泡剂HR-313由45~55份偶氮二甲酰胺,10~15份碳酸乙酯,15~20份物理发泡成核剂,10~15份尿素,5~10份水组成。本发明通过发泡材料预成型和二次发泡,使碳纤维预浸布紧密的贴合在发泡体表面,并且通过二次发泡形成的模具内压力和模具外施加的压力,解决了碳纤维预浸布内部易形成气孔、易分层等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碳纤维复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法。
背景技术
巡飞弹是无人机技术和弹药技术高度融合的新一代武器装备,其通过大展弦比机翼实现在目标区域上空“巡戈飞行”和“待机”。碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料与发泡材料复合,即能有效发挥机翼强度高、刚性好的特点,也能减轻机翼重量,提高载弹量,是目前最具有应用前景的轻质超韧材料组合体。吴林志在“夹芯结构的设计及制备现状”一文中提到,随着航空航天等现代工业的快速发展,各式各样的夹芯结构不断被设计和制备出来,并被广泛应用到航空航天、船舶、交通运输、建筑等领域。马力在“PMI泡沫材料在航天器结构中应用的可行性研究”一文中也提到PMI泡沫材料具有易于加工复杂外形和可设计性等特点,给航天器结构设计提供了更多的选择。通过以上两片文章介绍,碳纤维复合材料与可与不同的发泡体通过不同的工艺进行复合,最后经过固化成型制备成产品,实现了轻质高强的目的。
碳纤维复合材料与泡沫材料工艺存在一定弊端:
1、泡沫材料通过机加工的方式作出坯料,然后复合碳纤维材料进行加热固化成型,如果产品结构复杂,泡沫材料需通过四轴或五轴加工中心加工,机加困难,价格偏高,对成本控制造成不利影响;
2、其次碳纤维材料包覆泡沫材料加热固化成型时,成型压力仅局限于模具对泡沫体的压缩力,碳纤维复合材料密实度不够,内部易形成气孔缺陷,容易造成产品性能下降;
3、碳纤维复合材料与泡沫材料粘接性能差,剥离强度低。
申请号为201410621829.3的专利公开了一种碳纤维制品的制备方法,将线性低密度聚乙烯和包裹碳氢化合物的热塑性塑料可膨胀微球按照比例置入发泡模具内密闭发泡,得到第一次发泡模型,将裁剪好的碳纤维预浸布贴至第一次发泡模型上,置入模具内进行二次发泡,得到碳纤维制品,可以作为无人机尾翼。但该方法中二次发泡的本质是固化,目的是使碳纤维预浸布与发泡材料结合在一起,并非真正的二次发泡。由于碳纤维预浸布是多层贴合在一起的,内部容易形成气孔、分层等问题,该专利并未给出解决方法。所以如何制备内部结构致密均匀的碳纤维机翼是需要解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法。本发明通过发泡材料预成型和二次发泡,使碳纤维预浸布紧密的贴合在发泡体表面,并且通过二次发泡形成的模具内压力和模具外施加的压力,解决了碳纤维预浸布内部易形成气孔、易分层等问题。提高碳纤维复合材料与发泡体的粘接性能,得到内部结构致密均匀的碳纤维机翼,确保使用该工艺生产的巡飞弹机翼在飞行过程中安全可靠。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料,包括以下重量份数的原料:
发泡剂HR-313 1~3份、分散剂0.2~0.4份、碳纤维短切纤维0.2~0.4份、增韧剂0.1~0.3份;
所述发泡剂HR-313包括以下重量份数的原料:
偶氮二甲酰胺45~55份,碳酸乙酯10~15份,物理发泡成核剂15~20份,尿素10~15份,水5~10份。
优选的,所述发泡剂HR-313由以下方法制备:
a、将偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸乙酯、物理发泡成核剂掺混均匀得到A料;将尿素充分溶解在水中得到B料;
b、将A料和B料混合均匀,70~90℃下反应3~5小时;将反应后的材料烘干,然后粉碎,得到发泡剂HR-313。
优选的,步骤a中,所述的掺混为:将偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸乙酯、物理发泡成核剂在高速混合机内40~50℃条件下混合20~30分钟。
优选的,步骤b中,所述烘干的温度为40~60℃,烘干的时间为12~24小时。
优选的,所述碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料由以下方法制备:
A、将称量好的发泡剂HR-313、分散剂、碳纤维短切纤维、增韧剂混合均匀得到混合料;
B、将混合料依次进行捏炼、开炼得到碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料。
优选的,捏练前,捏炼机的温度升至40~50℃,保温20~30分钟;所述捏炼的时间为15~20分钟。
本发明的第二方面,提供碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料在制备碳纤维机翼中的用途。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)发泡体预成型:将所述的碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料均匀的铺放在模具型腔内,合模后热压,保温45分钟,第一次发泡完成后,降温取出发泡体;
(2)发泡体的表面处理:发泡体表面用酒精清洗,晾干后在发泡体的表面均匀涂刷界面结合剂,晾干后进行烘干处理;
(3)碳纤维预浸料与发泡体铺层:将碳纤维预浸布逐层贴合在步骤(2)处理过的发泡体上,铺好后放入模具型腔内,模具的高度等于发泡体加碳纤维预浸布的高度;
(4)二次发泡:将模具进行热压,保温120分钟进行二次发泡,降温后取出产品即为碳纤维机翼。
优选的,第一次发泡的压力为3~5MPa,温度为155~165℃;二次发泡的压力为6~8MPa,温度为165~175℃。
优选的,所述界面结合剂的涂刷次数为2次,每次涂刷完后,至少晾干20min;所述界面结合剂的涂刷厚度为0.05-0.1mm。
优选的,所述碳纤维预浸布的层数为6-7层,每层碳纤维预浸布的克重为140g/m2,所述碳纤维预浸布与发泡体的重量比为(7~9):1。
优选的,所述界面结合剂由硅烷偶联剂KH-550和高色素炭黑按照100:3的重量比混合而成。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的发泡材料可以根据产品结构进行预成型,尺寸稳定性得到有效控制,制备得到的发泡体可直接成型,无需进行机加工,能够有效控制成本。
2、本发明过发泡材料预成型和二次发泡,使碳纤维预浸布紧密的贴合在发泡体表面,并且通过二次发泡形成的模具内压力和模具外施加的压力,解决了碳纤维预浸布内部易形成气孔、易分层等问题。使复合材料固化后形成致密结构,提高碳纤维复合材料的物理机械性能,充分发挥其本身具有的材料特性。提高碳纤维复合材料与发泡体的粘接性能,得到内部结构致密均匀的碳纤维机翼,确保使用该工艺生产的巡飞弹机翼在飞行过程中安全可靠。
3、本发明在发泡体表面刷涂界面处理剂,提高碳纤维复合材料与发泡体的粘接性能。
附图说明
图1:发泡体二次发泡成型(a)的机翼剖视图和泡沫材料成型(b)的机翼剖视图对比。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
正如背景技术部分介绍的,碳纤维复合材料与泡沫材料复合存在产品结构复杂、机加工困难,碳纤维复合材料密实度不够、内部易形成气孔,碳纤维复合材料与泡沫材料粘接性能差等弊端。
基于此,本发明的目的是提供一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法。本发明通过对发泡原料的筛选,制备出一种二次发泡且能在模具中产生较大压力的材料。通过发泡材料预成型和二次发泡,使碳纤维预浸布紧密的贴合在发泡体表面,并且通过二次发泡形成在模具内产生的压力,和模具外施加的压力,一起作用于碳纤维预浸布,通过内外压力将碳纤维预浸布压紧实,解决了碳纤维预浸布内部易形成气孔、易分层等问题。提高碳纤维复合材料与发泡体的粘接性能,得到内部结构致密均匀的碳纤维机翼,确保使用该工艺生产的巡飞弹机翼在飞行过程中安全可靠。
从产品作用特性出发,以HR-313发泡材料二次发泡时产生较大的内压力为主要研究目的。在155~165℃时发泡体与成型时,发泡剂AC参与发泡,发泡量40~45%;在165~175℃碳纤维预浸料固化时,发泡剂AC与发泡成核剂HD101进行二次发泡,产生不低于0.65MPa的内压力,在内外压力的作用下,达到了碳纤维预浸布固化后内部致密均匀的要求。通过配方设计使第一次进行预发泡,第二次发泡产生的力作用于碳纤维预浸布的一面,与模具对碳纤维预浸布产生的外压力相互作用,将碳纤维预浸布压紧实。与普通发泡材料(泡沫材料)相比,采用本发明的发泡材料可以排出多层碳纤维预浸布之间的起泡,使其不分层,见图1。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。
本发明实施例中所用的试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
其中,偶氮二甲酰胺(发泡剂AC)购自宁夏日盛实业有限公司;
碳酸乙酯购自泰兴市泰达精细化工有限公司,型号为96-49-1,;
物理发泡成核剂购自南京华都科技实业有限公司,型号为HD101;
分散剂购自南通市晗泰化工有限公司,型号为HT-5040;
碳纤维短切纤维购自上海力硕复合材料科技有限公司,型号为T700;
增韧剂购自深圳金大全科技有限公司,型号为A-608。
实施例1:碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料的制备
(1)HR-313发泡剂制备
a、发泡剂AC 50kg,碳酸乙酯96-49-1 12.5kg,发泡成核剂HD101 17.5kg掺混均匀,在高速混合机内45℃条件下混合25分钟,得到A料,备用;
b、将12.5kg尿素充分溶解在7.5kg水中得到B料,备用;
c、将A料和B料倒入反应釜中进行反应,并不断地搅拌,反应温度80℃,反应时间4小时;
d、将材料从反应釜中取出烘干,烘干温度50℃,烘干时间18小时;
e、将烘干好的材料在粉碎机中进行粉碎,制成HR-313发泡剂,装入塑料袋中备用。
(2)发泡材料改性
a、将捏练机温度升至40~50℃,保温20~30分钟;
b、使用电子称将发泡剂HR-313、分散剂HT-5040、碳纤维短切纤维T700、增韧剂A-608按照1:0.2:0.2:0.1的比例称量9.9Kg,称量后放入高速混合机内混合6分钟;
c、将混合均匀的材料放入捏炼机中捏炼18分钟,取出后放入开炼机中下片,下片厚度1.2mm,装入塑料袋中密封保存。
经检测,本实施例制备碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料的密度为1.10±0.05g/cm3。
实施例2:碳纤维机翼的制备
1.发泡体预成型
(1)将实施例1制备的碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料称量20g,均匀的铺放在模具型腔内,合模后放入压力机内升压至3MPa;
(2)设备温度设定155℃,模具温度升至规定要求后保温45分钟将模具取出,模温降至40℃以下时开模取出产品;
(3)性能指标:发泡体重量20±1g;
发泡体密度0.25g/cm3;
发泡体冲击强度≥50J;
2.发泡体表面处理
(1)发泡体表面使用酒精清洗,去除表面的油迹及灰尘,停晾20分钟至酒精完全挥发;
(2)使用毛刷将界面结合剂均匀刷涂在发泡体表面,停晾20分钟后刷涂第二遍,停晾时间不低于20分钟;
(3)将烘箱温度设定在50℃,把停晾好的发泡体摆放在托盘中放入烘箱进行烘干处理,烘干时间控制在15分钟;
(4)性能指标:界面结合剂的厚度0.05-0.1mm。
3.碳纤维预浸料与发泡体铺层
将布层厚度0.2毫米的6层碳纤维预浸布逐层贴合在发泡体上,铺好后放入模具型腔。
4.碳纤维预浸料与发泡体固化
(1)将模具放入压力机内升压0.1MPa进行预热,预热温度120℃,预热时间10分钟;
(2)预热时间达到后,将压力升至6MPa,设备温度调整到165℃,模具温度升至规定要求后保温120分钟将模具取出,模温降至50℃以下时开模取出产品;
(3)性能指标:碳纤维机翼(碳纤维预浸布)壁厚为1.0±0.2mm;
碳纤维复合材料与发泡体剪切强度≥3.5MPa。参照GB/T3355-2014《聚合物基复合材料纵横剪切试验方法》进行试验。)
试验例
取19g实施例1制备的发泡材料,置于直径为50mm的圆形模具中进行预发泡,压力2MPa,温度为160℃。45min后,发泡结束,模具冷却后取出发泡体,在发泡体的表面均布6个压力传感器,将其放回模具中,进行二次发泡,压力3MPa,温度170℃。二次发泡过程中,记录压力传感器传回的最大压力值计算平均值,得到二次发泡产生的内压力的大小。发泡材料装入模具时占模具体积的20%。
并以申请号为201410621829.3一种碳纤维制品的制备方法中实施例3制备无人机尾翼的原料作为对照例:所述芯材粉末的重量分数配比为线性低密度聚乙烯30份,未膨胀的中温微球15份,未膨胀的高温微球15份,已膨胀的高温微球40份,以达到制作无人机尾翼时最佳的力学要求,按照上述配比制作的无人机尾翼的韧性较好。
将19g对照例的发泡材料置于相同的模具中,按照该专利(申请号为201410621829.3)实施例3中的发泡参数进行发泡:密闭发泡模具,加热到120℃,并持续该温度30min,经冷却泄压后打开发泡模具,得到第一次发泡模型,在第一次发泡模型的表面均布6个压力传感器(参照实施例1的均布方式),将其放回模具中,进行二次发泡。密闭模具,加热到150℃,并持续该温度60min,二次发泡过程中,记录压力传感器传回的最大压力值计算平均值,得到二次发泡产生的内压力的大小。
实施例1的材料和对照例的材料进行二次发泡所产生的压力值见表1。
表1
项目 | 实施例1 | 对照例 |
最大压力(平均值)MPa | 0.68 | 0.21 |
由表1可以看出,在相同重量、相同的模具中进行二次发泡时,实施例1的发泡材料产生的内压力远大于对照例。说明本发明可以更好的通过模具施加的外压力和二次发泡产生的内压力作用与碳纤维预浸布,使其多层碳纤维预浸布之间能够更致密,不产生起泡或分层等问题。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)发泡体预成型:将碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料均匀的铺放在模具型腔内,合模后热压,保温45分钟,第一次发泡完成后,降温取出发泡体;
所述碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料包括以下重量份数的原料:
发泡剂HR-313 1~3份、分散剂0.2~0.4份、碳纤维短切纤维0.2~0.4份、增韧剂0.1~0.3份;
所述发泡剂HR-313包括以下重量份数的原料:
偶氮二甲酰胺45~55份,碳酸乙酯 10~15份,物理发泡成核剂15~20份,尿素10~15份,水5~10份;
(2)发泡体的表面处理:发泡体表面用酒精清洗,晾干后在发泡体的表面均匀涂刷界面结合剂,晾干后进行烘干处理;
(3)碳纤维预浸料与发泡体铺层:将碳纤维预浸布逐层贴合在步骤(2)处理过的发泡体上,铺好后放入模具型腔内,模具的高度等于发泡体加碳纤维预浸布的高度;
(4)二次发泡:将模具进行热压,保温120分钟进行二次发泡,降温后取出产品即为碳纤维机翼。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,所述碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料由以下方法制备:
A、将称量好的发泡剂HR-313、分散剂、碳纤维短切纤维、增韧剂混合均匀得到混合料;
B、将混合料依次进行捏炼、开炼得到碳纤维机翼用内发泡材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,捏练前,捏炼机的温度升至40~50℃,保温20~30分钟;所述捏炼的时间为15~20分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,所述发泡剂HR-313由以下方法制备:
a、将偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸乙酯、物理发泡成核剂掺混均匀得到A料;将尿素充分溶解在水中得到B料;
b、将A料和B料混合均匀,70~90℃下反应3~5小时;将反应后的材料烘干,然后粉碎,得到发泡剂HR-313。
5.根据权利要求4所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,步骤a中,所述掺混为:将偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸乙酯、物理发泡成核剂在高速混合机内40~50℃条件下混合20~30分钟。
6.根据权利要求4所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,步骤b中,所述烘干的温度为40~60℃,烘干的时间为12~24小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,第一次发泡的压力为3~5MPa,温度为155~165℃;二次发泡的压力为6~8MPa,温度为165~175℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,所述界面结合剂的涂刷次数为2次,每次涂刷完后,至少晾干20min;所述界面结合剂的涂刷厚度为0.05-0.1mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,所述界面结合剂由硅烷偶联剂KH-550和高色素炭黑按照100:3的重量比混合而成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维机翼内发泡成型方法,其特征在于,所述碳纤维预浸布的层数为6-7层,每层碳纤维预浸布的克重为140g/m2,所述碳纤维预浸布与发泡体的重量比为(7~9):1。
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