CN113975381A - 尿激酶原及其变体在病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用 - Google Patents
尿激酶原及其变体在病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及尿激酶原及其变体在病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用。研究发现,在病毒感染的患者中使用预防剂量的尿激酶原及其变体,在不增加出血风险的前提下,能够有效地阻止血栓凝块的形成,从而有效地预防病毒导致的弥散性血管内凝血、ST段抬高型心肌梗死、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞、深静脉血栓和静脉血栓栓塞症等凝血相关疾病。当病毒感染导致患者产生血栓形成后,利用治疗剂量的尿激酶原及其变体对患者进行溶栓治疗,能够有效地溶解血栓,降低其带来的致死致残风险。本发明从预防和治疗两方面,充分说明了尿激酶原及其变体在病毒感染中引起凝血疾病时,降低病毒对患者造成的损害以及可能的后遗症,并提高患者的生存率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及尿激酶原及其变体在病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用。
背景技术
人尿激酶原(如无说明,本文中所用名词“尿激酶原”特指“人尿激酶原”)系由411个氨基酸组成的单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(附图1)。尿激酶原的蛋白结构主要分为3个部分,分别为表皮生长因子类似结构域、环状结构域和蛋白水解酶结构域,其中蛋白酶水解结构域负责激活纤溶酶原,发挥溶栓作用。尿激酶原存在一种LMW-prouk变体形式(低分子量尿激酶原),仅包含尿激酶原3个蛋白结构中单一的蛋白水解酶结构域,即氨基酸序列第135位以后的结构区域。M5则是一种尿激酶原的变体,它是将尿激酶原氨基酸序列中第300位赖氨酸突变为组氨酸而得到的。
2019年新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)感染的临床表现为多种表型,从无症状到深入、快速的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)及死亡。COVID-19的MODS发病机制是多因素的,其中一个重要的因素是凝血相关疾病,临床表现为高凝血状态和血栓形成。在COVID-19患者中,弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)是死亡率的一个重要预测因子,非幸存者71.4%有DIC,而幸存者只有0.6%有DIC。在患病的第10-14天,非幸存者的D-二聚体显著增加,纤维蛋白原减少,提示发生了凝血症状。更为严重的是,COVID-19患者中,由于病毒引起凝血和血栓形成,经常会造成ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)、缺血性卒中(IS)、肺栓塞(PE)、深静脉血栓(DVT)和静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)等严重凝血疾病。
虽然低分子肝素等抗凝药物已被指导用于COVID-19患者凝血异常时的预防(见附图2),但据报道,接受30-40mg低分子肝素治疗(皮下注射,每日一次)的重症COVID-19患者,下肢DVT仍有极高的发生率(85.4%)(见参考文献1)。这表明,在COVID-19重症患者中,单靠抗凝药可能不足以预防血栓形成。因此,在临床应用,没有出血风险的溶栓剂是这个致命问题的解决方案。
发明内容
分析目前所有的溶栓药,申请人发现tPA及其衍生物、链激酶、尿激酶、葡激酶等溶栓剂入血后不论血管中有无血栓均会迅速激活纤溶蛋白酶原,造成全身性出血的风险。申请人通过试验证明:仅尿激酶原及其变体是唯一适合上述临床需求的候选药物。尿激酶原是具有酶原和酶双重特性的水解酶原。在生理状态下,其作为酶原在血浆中处于惰性状态,不会激活血液里的纤溶酶原。然而,在血管中有血栓形成时,尿激酶原能够特异性地激活与血栓结合的纤溶酶原,这些激活的纤溶酶将血栓附近的尿激酶原又转化为尿激酶,转化为尿激酶后其催化活力可以提高250~500倍,进而大量激活血栓上所有结合的纤溶酶原以及血栓周围游离的纤溶酶原,从而使血栓迅速溶解。该过程中,通过血液中的蛋白水解酶抑制剂(α-抗纤溶酶,α1巨球蛋白、PAI-1等)的作用,使该部分尿激酶与纤溶酶的作用局限于血栓附近。尿激酶原诱导的溶栓作用不同于尿激酶、链激酶等,具有血栓专一性。与tPA相比较,尿激酶原所具有的酶原惰性使其在接触到栓塞血栓之前,不会消耗血液中的纤维水解酶抑制剂,从而基本上防止因激活系统性纤溶作用而导致全身性出血的副作用。
申请人通过研究发现,尿激酶原及其变体存在两个特性:
1、尿激酶原及其变体在低于一定浓度时,在血浆中以惰性状态存在,不具备激活纤溶酶原的活性。例证请见下文实验1。
2、当体内形成血栓时,任何浓度的尿激酶原及其变体均能激活血栓表面纤溶酶原,发挥溶栓作用。例证请见下文实验2。
申请人通过研究发现,尿激酶原及其变体的上述两个特性是与其蛋白水解酶结构域有关的,请见下文实验1和2中LMW-prouk的相关数据。LMW-prouk仅包含尿激酶原3个蛋白结构中单一的蛋白水解酶结构域,即氨基酸序列第135位以后的结构区域。因此,任何含有尿激酶原蛋白水解酶结构域的尿激酶原变体,均可具有上述特性,应视为本发明的适用的范畴内容。
申请人通过研究发现,在病毒感染的患者中使用预防剂量的尿激酶原及其变体,在不增加出血风险的前提下,能够有效地阻止血栓凝块的形成,从而有效地预防病毒导致的弥散性血管内凝血、ST段抬高型心肌梗死、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞、深静脉血栓和静脉血栓栓塞症等凝血相关疾病。当病毒感染导致患者产生血栓形成后,利用治疗剂量的尿激酶原及其变体对患者进行溶栓治疗,能够有效地溶解血栓,降低其带来的致死致残风险。本发明从预防和治疗两方面,充分说明了尿激酶原及其变体在引起凝血疾病的病毒感染中的应用,能够降低病毒对患者造成的损害以及可能的后遗症,并提高患者的生存率。
本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的。
尿激酶及其变体原在预防和/或治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用。
其中用于预防病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予尿激酶原的剂量(下文中“miu”为“百万单位”)及给药方式为:
静脉点滴:1-5miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6-7小时休息1-2小时,连续给药1-7天;
或者:
2)静脉点滴:1-5miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6-7小时休息1-2小时,连续给药1-7天,合并使用低分子肝素(皮下注射,每日一次)或其它抗凝药物。
给予尿激酶原的剂量及给药方式优选为:
1)静脉点滴:3miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6.5小时休息1.5小时,连续给药1-7天。
或者:
2)静脉点滴:3miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6.5小时休息1.5小时,连续给药1-7天,合并使用低分子肝素(皮下注射,每日一次)或其它抗凝药物。
其中用于治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予尿激酶原的剂量及给药方式为:
1)静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,至血栓消失;
或者:
2)静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉推注,每1-3小时一次,每次1-25mg,至血栓消失;
或者:
3)静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉导管血栓部位给药,每1-3小时一次,每次1-25mg,至血栓消失。
其中用于治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予尿激酶原的剂量及给药方式优选为:
1)静脉点滴:6miu/hr,至血栓消失;
或者:
2)静脉点滴:6miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉推注,每1-3小时一次,每次5mg,至血栓消失;
或者:
3)静脉点滴:6miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉导管血栓部位给药,每1-3小时一次,每次5mg,至血栓消失。
本发明所述的“miu”为“百万单位”;本发明所述的“hr”为“小时”、
尿激酶原及其变体在预防和/或治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病中的应用。
1)其中用于预防病毒引起的凝血疾病,尿激酶原及其变体的剂量依据其在血浆中的惰性浓度确定,通常不超过惰性浓度的70%;给药方式及合并用药与上述尿激酶原的预防用药方案一致。
2)其中用于治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予溶栓治疗所需的尿激酶原及其变体剂量依据其有效溶栓剂量而确定,给药方式及合并用药与上述尿激酶原的治疗用药方案一致。
其中病毒包括冠状病毒。
其中冠状病毒包括但不限于新冠病毒(2019-nCoV或COVID-19)。
其中所述的凝血疾病包括但不限于病毒引起的弥散性血管内凝血、ST段抬高型心肌梗死、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞和深静脉血栓等凝血疾病。
其中预防或治疗所用尿激酶原及其变体为活性成分制备成药物制剂。
其中所述的药物制剂包括注射制剂。
其中所述的药物制剂包括粉针剂。
其中所述的粉针剂为冻干粉针剂,该冻干粉针剂的原辅料为:尿激酶原或其变体活性成分和甘露醇。
本发明所述的尿激酶原为:Prourokinase,简称prouk,包括天然、重组和合成来源的尿激酶原。
本发明所述的尿激酶原变体包括所有与尿激酶原的蛋白水解酶区域的结构和活性特征一致的尿激酶原变体。
本发明所述的尿激酶原变体包括但不限于按照中国专利申请号为CN00109829.2的制备实施例获得的重组人尿激酶原突变体。
本发明所述的LMW-prouk,制备方法请见下文:
Orini G,Brandazza A,Sarmientos P,Molinari A,Lansen J,CauetG.Efficient renaturation and fibrinolytic properties of prourokinase and adeletion mutant expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies.EuropeanJournal of Biochemistry.1991;195:691–697.
本发明所述的M5,制备方法请见下文:
Liu JN,Liu JX,Liu B,Sun Z,Zuo JL,Zhang J,et al.A prourokinase mutantwhich induces highly effective clot lysis without interfering withhemostasis.Circulation Research 2002;90:757–763.
附图说明
附图1为:人尿激酶原蛋白序列结构示意图
附图2为:高凝血状态Covid-19病人抗凝诊疗流程
附图3-1为:尿激酶原在人类血浆中的稳定性(惰性)试验结果
附图3-2为:尿激酶原变体M5在人类血浆中的稳定性(惰性)试验结果
附图3-3为:尿激酶原变体LMW-prouk在人类血浆中的稳定性(惰性)试验结果
附图4-1为:尿激酶原对人血浆的体外凝块溶解试验结果
附图4-2为:尿激酶原变体M5对人血浆的体外凝块溶解试验结果
附图4-3为:尿激酶原变体LMW-prouk对人血浆的体外凝块溶解试验结果
具体试验例
以下以具体试验例来说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
本说明书试验例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举,本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于试验例所陈述的具体形式,本发明的保护范围也及于本领域技术人员根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段。尽管以下本发明的实施方案进行了描述,但本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方案和应用领域,下述的具体实施方案仅仅是示意性的、指导性的,而不是限制性的。本领域的普通技术人员在本说明书的启示下和在不脱离本发明权利要求所保护的范围的情况下,还可以做出很多种的形式,这些均属于本发明保护之列。
本发明下述试验,是在多次创造性试验的基础上,以本发明所要保护的技术方案为基础,总结的研发人员的结论性试验。以下试验例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,数据为三次重复实验的平均值或平均值±标准差。
试验1尿激酶原(prouk)及其变体在人类血浆中的稳定性(惰性)研究
方法:在1.0ml枸橼酸血浆中加入prouk(0.5-2μg/mL)或M5(6-12μg/mL)或LMW-prouk(0.25-1μg/mL),37℃孵育7天。每天取样品加入0.2mL抑肽酶(10,000激肽释放酶抑制单位/毫升)中止反应,然后测定血浆中残留的纤维蛋白原,并与基线值进行比较。
结果:在枸橼酸血浆中37℃孵育7天,prouk浓度为1μg/mL时能保持惰性,达到2μg/mL时能诱导纤维蛋白原降解(见附图3-1);M5的惰性限度为8μg/mL,达到10μg/mL时引起纤维蛋白原降解(见附图3-2);LMW-prouk的惰性限度为0.5μg/mL,达到1μg/mL时引起纤维蛋白原降解(见附图3-3)。
试验2尿激酶原(prouk)及其变体对人血浆的体外凝块溶解研究
方法:用0.2mL血浆制备125I标记的纤维蛋白原凝块,放入4mL血浆中,分别加入prouk(0.5-1.5μg/mL)或M5(0.5-5μg/mL)或LMW-prouk(0.25-1μg/mL),于37℃共同孵育,检测血凝块的溶解情况。当最高浓度组将血凝块完全溶解时结束实验,并分别检测其他浓度的溶解情况。
结果:1.5μg/mL的prouk在4小时将血凝块完全溶解,其余浓度溶解情况见附图4-1;5μg/ml的M5在3小时将血凝块完全溶解,其余浓度溶解情况见附图4-2;1μg/mL的LMW-prouk在6小时将血凝块完全溶解,其余浓度溶解情况见附图4-3。其中LMW-prouk的结果证明了尿激酶原及其变体的溶栓能力来自于其蛋白水解酶结构域。
试验3 prouk的猴体安全性试验研究
方法:为研究prouk的安全性,在食蟹猴上开展安全性试验。分别以0.57mg/(kg·hr)、0.86mg/(kg·hr)和1.15mg/(kg·hr)的剂量静脉点滴给药,每点滴6.5小时,休息1.5小时,连续给药10天。每天取样检测血液纤维蛋白原含量,并观察是否出现出血等不良反应。
结果:所有试验组的猴在连续给药期间,血液纤维蛋白原含量保持稳定,并且未观察到出血等不良反应。
试验4 prouk及其变体的药代动力学试验
1、prouk的药代动力学试验
方法:在人体上分别以0.29mg/(kg·hr)和0.57mg/(kg·hr)的剂量连续静脉点滴给药,检测血药浓度变化情况。
结果:对于以0.29mg/(kg·hr)剂量给药的试验组,20-30分钟达到最大血药浓度,平均最大血药浓度为0.68μg/mL;对于以0.57mg/(kg·hr)剂量给药的试验组,20-30分钟达到最大血药浓度,平均最大血药浓度为1.43μg/mL。
2、LMW-prouk的药代动力学试验
LMW-prouk的药代动力学试验参照prouk的试验方法进行,试验结果与prouk基本一致,无显著差异。
试验5临床使用方案
1、根据附图2的流程,确定适用人群。
2、尿激酶原剂量与给药方法
预防(未见患者血栓形成):
1)静脉点滴:3miu/hr(1-5miu/hr),24hrs或每点滴6.5hr(6-7hr)休息1.5hr(1-2hr),1-7days。
或
2)静脉点滴:3miu/hr(1-5miu/hr),24hrs或每点滴6.5hr(6-7hr)休息1.5hr(1-2hr),1-7days,同时给低分子量肝素或其它抗凝药物。
治疗(有血栓形成):
1)静脉点滴:6miu/hr(5-8miu/hr),至血栓消失。
或
2)静脉点滴:6miu/hr(5-8miu/hr),外加TNK-tPA静脉推注,每1-3小时一次,每次5mg(1-25mg),至血栓消失。
或
3)静脉点滴:6miu/hr(5-8miu/hr),外加TNK-tPA静脉导管血栓部位给药,每1-3小时一次,每次5mg(1-25mg),至血栓消失。
3、尿激酶原变体剂量与给药方法
1)用于预防病毒引起的凝血疾病,尿激酶原变体的剂量依据其在血浆中的惰性浓度确定,通常不超过惰性浓度的70%;给药方式及合并用药与尿激酶原的预防用药方案一致。
2)其中用于治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予溶栓治疗所需的尿激酶原变体剂量依据其有效溶栓剂量而确定,给药方式及合并用药与尿激酶原的治疗用药方案一致。
结论:经过研究:(1)新冠病毒感染患者预防给药之后,患者的凝血疾病发病概率显著降低,未见患者有出血等不良反应,充分说明本发明尿激酶原及其变体,能够有效预防病毒引起的凝血疾病,且不引起显著不良反应,具有很好的安全性;(2)新冠病毒感染患者治疗给药之后,有效控制了血栓对患者造成的危害,并降低了可能的死亡风险。从预防和治疗两方面,充分证明了尿激酶原及其变体在引起凝血疾病的病毒感染中的应用,能够降低病毒对患者造成的损害以及可能的后遗症,并提高患者的生存率。
本发明所述实施例包括但不限于上述。
参考文献:
1、Ren,Yan,Deng,Zhang,et al.(2020);Extremely High Incidence of LowerExtremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in 48 Patients with Severe COVID-19 inWuhan,10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047407。
2、ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathyin COVID-19,doi:10.1111/JTH.14810。
Claims (11)
1.尿激酶原及其变体在预防和/或治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中预防病毒引起的凝血疾病中,给予的尿激酶原为:
静脉点滴:1-5miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6-7小时休息1-2小时,连续给药1-7天;
或者:
静脉点滴:1-5miu/hr,每天24小时连续给药或者每点滴6-7小时休息1-2小时,连续给药1-7天,合并使用低分子肝素(皮下注射,每日一次)或其它抗凝药物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予的尿激酶原为:
静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,至血栓消失;
或者:
静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉推注,每1-3小时一次,每次1-25mg,至血栓消失;
或者:
静脉点滴:5-8miu/hr,外加TNK-tPA静脉导管血栓部位给药,每1-3小时一次,每次1-25mg,至血栓消失。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中预防与治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病中,尿激酶原变体剂量与给药方法如下:
1)用于预防病毒引起的凝血疾病,尿激酶原变体的剂量依据其在血浆中的惰性浓度确定,通常不超过惰性浓度的70%;给药方式及合并用药与尿激酶原的预防用药方案一致。
2)其中用于治疗病毒引起的凝血疾病,给予溶栓治疗所需的尿激酶原变体剂量依据其有效溶栓剂量而确定,给药方式及合并用药与尿激酶原的治疗用药方案一致。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中病毒包括冠状病毒。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中尿激酶原或其变体为活性成分制备成药物制剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述的凝血疾病为病毒引起的弥散性血管内凝血、ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)、缺血性卒中(IS)、肺栓塞(PE)、深静脉血栓(DVT)和静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其中冠状病毒包括新冠病毒(2019-nCoV)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其中所述的药物制剂包括注射制剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其中所述的药物制剂包括粉针剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的应用,其中所述的粉针剂为冻干粉针剂,该冻干粉针剂的原辅料为:尿激酶原或其变体活性成分和甘露醇。
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WO2002058714A2 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-01 | Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor | Methods and agents modulating upa/upar activity |
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WO2002058714A2 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-01 | Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor | Methods and agents modulating upa/upar activity |
CN1651077A (zh) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-10 | 天津天士力制药股份有限公司 | 基因重组尿激酶原的新用途 |
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MARCO MOIA等: "A Pilot Study of Pro-urokinase in the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis", 《THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS》, vol. 72, no. 3, pages 430 - 433 * |
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