CN113975235B - 一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物 - Google Patents

一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物 Download PDF

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CN113975235B
CN113975235B CN202111179753.XA CN202111179753A CN113975235B CN 113975235 B CN113975235 B CN 113975235B CN 202111179753 A CN202111179753 A CN 202111179753A CN 113975235 B CN113975235 B CN 113975235B
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韩榕
欧阳小琨
凌俊红
范丽红
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Zhejiang Ocean University ZJOU
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Abstract

本发明以氨基化的介孔二氧化硅的氨基与褐藻多糖(Fuc)的硫酸基在混合过程中离子相互作用，形成纳米载体粒子。通过调整Fuc与MSN的质量比，得到最优比例，搭载药物后制得pH敏感载药体。本发明研究了纳米载体的包封效率和负载效率，该系统能有效降低正常组织中药物的非特异性反应，同时维持肿瘤细胞的药物治疗效果。

Description

一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米复合物，具体涉及一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物。
背景技术
岩藻黄素也被称为褐藻黄素、岩藻黄素，是类胡萝卜素中叶黄素类的一种天然色素，占大约700种天然出现的类胡萝卜素总量的10％以上，颜色呈淡黄至褐色，为褐藻、硅藻、金藻及黄绿藻所含有的色素。广泛存在于各种藻类、海洋浮游植物、水生贝壳类等动植物中。具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、减肥、神经细胞保护，增加小鼠体内的ARA(花生四烯酸)和DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)的含量等药理作用，然而岩藻黄素不溶于水，对光、热敏感、口服生物利用度低等特点，影响了其临床应用。
发明内容
为了实现岩藻黄素pH响应释放，本发明人经过长期研究，制备了一种褐藻寡糖(AOS)修饰的介孔二氧化硅(MSN)的功能性纳米载药粒子，提高了岩藻黄素的稳定性和生物利用度，实现了其在肿瘤部位的定点释药，同时该纳米药物运载体系具有良好的外释放特性、细胞摄取性和安全性。
一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备，其包括以下步骤：
1)介孔二氧化硅(MSN)的制备
将十六烷基三甲基氯化铵CTAC溶于去离子水中，然后将三乙醇胺TEA逐滴加入上述溶液中，在120℃下搅拌1h。然后将正硅酸乙酯TEOS缓慢添加到混合溶液中，反应1小时，产物分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤三次，后在-60℃下进行真空干燥，然后在550℃马弗炉中煅烧6h来去除模板，得到产物为MSN；
2)氨基化MSN纳米粒子制备
将MSN与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷在甲苯中反应，反应温度60℃，反应时间24h，反应结束后，用乙醇和水对材料交替进行洗涤，得到产物MSN-NH2；
3)纳米复合物制备
称取岩藻黄素20mg加入20mL无水乙醇配成1mg/m L岩藻黄素溶液，取1m L岩藻黄素溶液于20mg MSNs-NH2中，加入10mL磷酸缓冲溶液PBS于室温避光搅拌12h。得装载岩藻黄素的MSN-NH2溶液；
称取50mg褐藻寡糖(AOS)粉末溶于50mL超纯水中，配置成质量分数1％的褐藻寡糖溶液，取10mL褐藻寡糖溶液，向其中加入50mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS与0.1g 1-乙基-碳酰二亚胺EDC置于黑暗环境中搅拌4h活化羧基，得活化后得褐藻寡糖溶液；
将装载药物后的MSN-NH2滴加到活化后的褐藻寡糖溶液，于室温避光搅拌12h；离心洗涤，得到递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物。
作为优选，所述步骤1)中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与去离子水的重量体积比g/mL为1:10。
作为优选，所述步骤1)中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与三乙醇胺的重量体积比g/mL为25:4。
作为优选，所述步骤1)中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与正硅酸乙酯的重量体积比g/mL为4:3。
作为优选，所述步骤2)中MSN与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷的重量体积比g/ml为1:20；所述步骤2)中3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷与甲苯的体积比为1:5。
作为优选，所述步骤3)中磷酸缓冲溶液的PH值为7.4。
作为优选，所述步骤3)中所述岩藻黄素溶液与磷酸缓冲溶液的体积比为1：10，所述MSN-NH2与岩藻黄素溶液的重量体积比mg/ml为20:1。
作为优选，所述步骤3)中NHS与褐藻寡糖溶液的重量体积比mg/ml为5:2。
作为优选，所述步骤3)中NHS与1-乙基-碳酰二亚胺的重量比为1:2。
作为优选，所述岩藻黄素溶液的MSN-NH2溶液与活化后的褐藻寡糖溶液的体积比为1:1。
本发明氨基化的介孔二氧化硅的氨基与褐藻寡糖(AOS)的硫酸基在混合过程中离子相互作用，形成纳米载体粒子。通过褐藻寡糖(AOS)与介孔二氧化硅(MSN)的质量比，得到最优比例，该纳米复合物能有效降低正常组织中药物的非特异性反应，同时维持肿瘤细胞的药物治疗效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中不同纳米粒子的SEM图。
其中1a为空白MSN-NH2，1b为AOS包裹后MSN-NH2。
图2为实施例3中AOS包裹后MSN-NH2纳米粒子的TEM图。
图3为实施例4中MSN纳米粒子的DLS图。
图4为实施例5中热失重分析TGA图。
图5为实施例6中不同纳米粒子X射线光电子能谱仪分析图。
具体实施方式
下列实施例用于进一步解释说明本发明，但是，它们并不构成对本发明范围的限制或限定。
实施例1
药物载体的制备：将CTAC(2g)溶于20mL去离子水中，然后将0.32mL TEA逐滴加入上述溶液中，然后在120℃下搅拌1h。然后将TEOS(1.5mL)缓慢添加到混合溶液中，1h后反应结束。产品分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤三次，然后在60℃下真空干燥，最终在550℃马弗炉中煅烧6h，得到MSN。通过在干燥甲苯中3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)反应来实现材料的氨基改性。1g MSN与20ml APTES在100ml甲苯中反应(24 h，60℃)，洗涤得MSN-NH2。
称取岩藻黄素20mg加入20mL无水乙醇配成1mg/m L岩藻黄素溶液，取1m L岩藻黄素溶液于20mg MSNs-NH2中，加入10mL PBS于室温避光搅拌12h。同时称取50mg褐藻寡糖(AOS)粉末溶于50mL超纯水中，配置成质量分数1％的褐藻寡糖溶液，取10mL褐藻寡糖溶液，向其中加入50mg NHS与0.1g EDC置于黑暗环境中搅拌4h活化羧基。将装载药物后的MSN-NH2滴加到活化后的褐藻寡糖溶液，于室温避光搅拌12h。离心洗涤，得到载药粒子。
实施例2
采用SEM来评价纳米粒子的表面形貌。所有纳米粒子均匀吹散至硅片上，在分析之前，先在真空中镀一层薄的金膜，然后在20kV的加速电压下以适当的放大倍数观察这些样品。适量的纳米粒子粉末样品均匀地铺在导电铜网上，进行SEM扫描，结果如图1。
图1a中的SEM图像所示，空白MSN-NH2通常呈球形结构。同时多糖AOS包裹后粒子开始聚集如图1b，主要是线性多糖的黏连效果，纳米粒子明显增大。以清晰的看到纳米粒径明显增加，且孔隙率逐渐降低，这侧面证明了载药粒子的成功构建。
实施例3
如图2，MSN在用APTE进行表面官能化、并与AOS逐步共轭之后，从TEM图像显示所获得的多官能化纳米颗粒显示MSN平均粒径在60nm左右，具有疏松介孔结构，纳米颗粒周围可以观察到AOS。
实施例4
动态光散射(DLS)分析用于测量MSN纳米粒子的尺寸。
由于DLS所测到的不是纳米粒子的真实尺寸，而是在溶液中纳米粒子的水力直径，纳米粒子表面的分子会减慢扩散速度，因此相对于电镜测得的数据会偏大一些。如图3所示，上图显示MSN平均粒径为156nm(PDI＝0.18±0.02)。
实施例5
热失重分析TGA于N2气氛下以10℃/min的升温速率进行。称取适量样品置于坩埚中，待仪器校正过后设置测试区间37-800℃。
上图4为MSN、MSN-NH2和MSN-NH2-AOS纳米粒子的热重分析(TGA)曲线图。在30～800℃测试范围内，单纯MSN重量的损失仅为11.1％，基本在100℃之前，主要损失为MSN纳米粒表面的结合水。MSN-NH2在20～100℃和400～630℃温度区间皆有质量损失，这是接枝的有机物APTES热分解和大量的结合水热挥发产生的失重现象，证明接枝成功。此外，MSN-NH2-AOS在200-400℃时，重量大幅下降，这与外层包覆的褐藻寡糖AOS的热降解有关。400～630℃区间的重量损失同样说明NH2接枝改性成功，重量损失总量为62.5％。这些结果表明每个步骤的成功修改，成功制得MSN-NH2-AOS载体用于封装岩藻黄素。
实施例6
利用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了聚合物的表面化学组成和各成分的化学状态。
我们用XPS对MSN、MSN-NH2和MSN-NH2-AOS纳米粒子进行了分析。如图5a所示，MSN的构成较为简单，仅含有Si和O。图5b和图5c中Si2p峰和Si2s峰强度减弱，还出现了C和N元素的特征峰，这主要与其表面被多糖交联包裹有关，C和N主要来源于APTES和褐藻寡糖，使Si元素比重下降。结果表明，AOS成功吸附到粒子表面，成功制得MSN-NH2-AOS纳米传递系统。

Claims (10)

1.一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
1）介孔二氧化硅(MSN)的制备方法
将十六烷基三甲基氯化铵CTAC溶于去离子水中，然后将三乙醇胺TEA逐滴加入上述溶液中，在120°C下搅拌1h。然后将正硅酸乙酯TEOS缓慢添加到混合溶液中，反应1小时，产物分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤三次，后在-60℃下进行真空干燥，然后在550℃马弗炉中煅烧6h来去除模板，得到产物为MSN；
2）氨基化MSN纳米粒子制备方法
将MSN与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷在甲苯中反应，反应温度60℃，反应时间24h，反应结束后，用乙醇和水对材料交替进行洗涤，得到产物MSN-NH2 ；
3）纳米复合物制备方法
称取岩藻黄素20 mg 加入20 mL无水乙醇配成 1 mg/m L 岩藻黄素溶液，取 1m L 岩藻黄素溶液于 20 mg MSNs-NH2 中，加入10 mL磷酸缓冲溶液PBS 于室温避光搅拌12 h。得装载岩藻黄素的MSN-NH2 溶液；
称取50 mg褐藻寡糖(AOS)粉末溶于50 mL超纯水中，配置成质量分数1%的褐藻寡糖溶液，取10 mL褐藻寡糖溶液，向其中加入50mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS与0.1g 1-乙基-碳酰二亚胺EDC置于黑暗环境中搅拌4h活化羧基，得活化后的 褐藻寡糖溶液；
将装载药物后的MSN-NH2 滴加到活化后的褐藻寡糖溶液，于室温避光搅拌12 h；离心洗涤，得到递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤1）中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与去离子水的重量体积比g/mL为1:10。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤1）中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与三乙醇胺的重量体积比g/mL为25:4。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤1）中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与正硅酸乙酯的重量体积比g/mL为4:3。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤2）中MSN与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷的重量体积比g/ml为1:20；所述步骤2）中3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷与甲苯的体积比为1:5。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤3）中磷酸缓冲溶液的p H值为7.4。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤3）中所述岩藻黄素溶液与磷酸缓冲溶液的体积比为1：10，所述MSN-NH2 与岩藻黄素溶液的重量体积比mg/ml为20:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤3）中NHS与褐藻寡糖溶液的重量体积比mg/ml为5:2。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤3）中NHS与1-乙基-碳酰二亚胺的重量比为1:2。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种递送岩藻黄素的褐藻寡糖-介孔二氧化硅纳米复合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述岩藻黄素溶液的MSN-NH2 溶液与活化后的褐藻寡糖溶液的体积比为1:1。
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