CN113974918A - 一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113974918A
CN113974918A CN202111372269.9A CN202111372269A CN113974918A CN 113974918 A CN113974918 A CN 113974918A CN 202111372269 A CN202111372269 A CN 202111372269A CN 113974918 A CN113974918 A CN 113974918A
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陈建海
王振国
丁镇涛
居家宝
蒋贵玲
郭静
朱更博
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Peking University Peoples Hospital
Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件的制备方法,包括步骤:S1、重建肱骨近端三维模型,对骨折块进行虚拟复位;S2、沿肱骨头解剖颈设置截骨平面,并使截骨平面与肱骨干呈45°,将截骨平面从解剖颈向远端平移3‑5mm,以获得“研究截骨面”,以此“研究截骨面”个体化绘制结节复位组件轮廓;S3、在步骤S2绘制的结节复位组件轮廓上确定预制线孔的位置,然后根据其形态结构打印成型以获得结节复位组件。其优点是:本发明方法制备的结节复位组件具有一定的弹性,可产生张力带作用,在骨折块间形成动力加压效果,增强结节愈合能力,改善术后肩关节功能;通过缝线孔可将大、小结节解剖复位。

Description

一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,具体地说是一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有半肩关节置换手术中假体安装完成后,大小结节骨折块通过缝线牵引复位,然后将大小结节环形捆扎于假体柄上。部分半肩假体带有侧翼,可将大小结节环扎固定在侧翼的线孔上。但是该种方式无法实现大小结节的解剖复位与固定。
近年来大部分研究报道采用人工半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端骨折的术后肩关节活动度及功能恢复并不理想。由于大小结节常常是粉碎性骨折且常伴有不同程度的骨缺损,复位大小结节时缺乏有效的解剖标志参考,容易导致结节复位不良。此外,将大小结节环形捆扎于假体柄上也非常容易导致结节过低和容积减小。骨折块的愈合需要压应力,而捆扎的大小结节在肩袖肌肉的牵拉下,骨折块之间是分离的力,容易导致纤维增生,从而产生不愈合或畸形愈合。
由于半肩置换大小结节愈合的不可预期性,越来越多的医生选择反式全肩关节置换治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折。反式全肩关节置换可以提高肩关节术后的平均功能水平,但需要在正常的肩盂侧安装假体,且一旦失败后难以翻修。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法,使制备的结节复位组件可放置于肱骨头与假体柄之间,以最终实现大小结节的解剖复位和稳定固定,提高结节的愈合率,实现患者肩关节功能的良好恢复。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面保护一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、重建肱骨近端三维模型,对骨折块进行虚拟复位;
S2、沿肱骨头解剖颈设置截骨平面,并使截骨平面与肱骨干呈45°,将截骨平面从肱骨头解剖颈向远端平移3-5mm,以获得“研究截骨面”,以此“研究截骨面”个体化绘制结节复位组件轮廓;
S3、在步骤S2绘制的结节复位组件轮廓上确定预制线孔的位置,然后根据其形态结构打印成型以获得结节复位组件。
优选地,步骤S1中是将肱骨近端骨折患者的肩关节CT DICOM数据导入数字骨科形态学软件Mimics以重建肱骨近端的三维模型。
优选地,步骤S1中是根据解剖标志对骨折虚拟复位。
优选地,步骤S3中是根据肱骨近端解剖标志,在肩袖足印区的相应位置确定预制线孔的位置。
优选地,步骤S3中是相邻预制线孔之间的距离大于1cm,预制线孔的直径为2mm,且其边缘距离结节复位组件的边缘为2mm。
优选地,所述结节复位组件的材质为镍钛合金,预制线孔需抛光处理。
本发明第二方面保护第一方面所述方法制备的结节复位组件。
优选地,所述结节复位组件的结节间沟与肱骨近端结节间沟一致。
本发明的一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件及其制备方法,其优点是:
1、本发明方法制备的结节复位组件具有一定的弹性,可产生张力带作用,在骨折块间形成动力加压效果,增强结节愈合能力,改善术后肩关节功能;
2、结节复位组件上的大、小结节形态可作为复位标志,组件上分别对应肩袖足印区预留缝线孔,通过缝线可将大小结节解剖复位;
3、结节复位组件可定制化设计,根据患者的肩关节CT设计组件形态,以达到个体化重建肱骨近端解剖结构的目的。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件的形态结构示意图;
其中:
1、结节复位组件,11、大结节,12、小结节,通孔13、一号缝线孔14、二号缝线孔15、三号缝线孔16、四号缝线孔17、五号缝线孔18。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的原理是:结节复位组件上的大、小结节形态可作为复位标志,且结节复位组件上分别对应大、小结节骨折块预留缝线孔,通过缝线孔可实现大、小结节的解剖复位。结节复位组件还具有一定的弹性,可产生张力带作用,在骨折块间形成动力加压效果,增强结节愈合能力。
本发明一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、重建肱骨近端三维模型,对骨折块进行虚拟复位;
在本实施例中,各个患者的结节复位组件轮廓取材于各自的肩关节CT DICOM数据,通过数字骨科形态学软件Mimics重建肱骨近端三维模型,根据结节间沟、大小结节嵴等解剖标志对骨折块虚拟复位,虚拟复位可达到解剖复位的效果,复位后的三维模型可清晰辨认出解剖颈边缘。
在本实施例中,制备成型的结节复位组件1上设有与肱骨近端对应匹配的大结节11、小结节12(如图1所示),便于后期锚定固定;
进一步地,所述结节复位组件1的中间开设有通孔13,使得安装过程中,可随所述通孔13旋转所述结节复位组件1以调整与患处的对应位置。
S2、沿肱骨头解剖颈设置截骨平面,并使截骨平面与肱骨干呈45°,将截骨平面从肱骨头解剖颈向远端平移3-5mm,以获得“研究截骨面”,以此“研究截骨面”个体化绘制结节复位组件轮廓;
本实施例中,具体操作是沿解剖颈进行模拟截骨,截骨面与肱骨干约呈45度,即可得到解剖颈截骨面。将模拟截骨平面平移,依次得到:距解剖颈1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm截骨面。观察发现,解剖颈截骨面至距解剖颈2mm截骨面,大小结节形态显示不明显;距解剖颈3mm截骨面至距解剖颈5mm截骨面,均可观察到明显的大小结节形态以及大小结节之间的结节间沟形态,其中距解剖颈5mm截骨面的大小结节形态最为明显。因此,本实施例中选择距解剖颈5mm截骨面用于绘制结节复位组件轮廓。
S3、在步骤S2绘制的结节复位组件轮廓上确定预制线孔的位置,然后根据其形态结构打印成型以获得结节复位组件。
在本实施例中,根据肱骨近端解剖标志,在肩袖足印区的相应位置确定预制线孔的位置。
在本实施例中,相邻预制线孔之间的距离大于1cm,预制线孔的直径为2mm,且其边缘距离结节复位组件的边缘为2mm。
在本实施例中,所述结节复位组件通过3D打印技术(瑞典Arcam EBM电子束熔融金属3D打印机)进行制作,且其材质为镍钛合金,预制线孔需抛光处理(其结构形态如图1所示)。
本发明制备的结节复位组件在半肩置换手术中假体柄安装完成后,放置在肱骨头与假体柄之间,固定肱骨头假体。旋转结节复位组件,使结节复位组件的结节间沟与肱骨近端结节间沟一致。分别通过大、小结节上的缝线孔进行大、小结节腱骨交界处缝合并打结完成锚定固定。具体是:两个用于同肩胛下肌对应的一号缝线孔14与后方的用于同冈下肌对应的二号缝线孔15、用于同小圆肌对应的三号缝线孔16处的缝线进行水平打结固定,用于同冈上肌对应的四号缝线孔17与背离四号缝线孔17的一侧还开设有两个间隔设置的五号缝线孔18处的缝线进行垂直打结固定。
在骨块受到肩袖的牵拉时,结节复位组件1会将拉力分散,减少骨块移位,从而提高结节固定的稳定性。结节复位组件还具有一定的弹性形变能力,大、小结节在肩袖的牵拉下产生分离趋势时,可发挥张力带作用,在骨折块间形成动力加压效果,促进骨折块愈合。
本发明保护的结节复位组件1,其上的结节间沟与肱骨近端结节间沟一致。
本发明中未明确说明的制备方式或结构均为本领域技术人员通过常规技术手段可获得的,因此在此不做赘述。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于半肩置换假体的结节复位组件的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、重建肱骨近端三维模型,对骨折块进行虚拟复位;
S2、沿肱骨头解剖颈设置截骨平面,并使截骨平面与肱骨干呈45°,将截骨平面从解剖颈向远端平移3-5mm,以获得“研究截骨面”,以此“研究截骨面”个体化绘制结节复位组件轮廓;
S3、在步骤S2绘制的结节复位组件轮廓上确定预制线孔的位置,然后根据其形态结构打印成型以获得结节复位组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中是将肱骨近端骨折患者的肩关节CTDICOM数据导入数字骨科形态学软件Mimics以重建肱骨近端的三维模型。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中是根据解剖标志对骨折虚拟复位。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中是根据肱骨近端解剖标志,在肩袖足印区的相应位置确定预制线孔的位置。
5.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中是相邻预制线孔之间的距离大于1cm,预制线孔的直径为2mm,且其边缘距离结节复位组件的边缘为2mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:所述结节复位组件的材质为镍钛合金,预制线孔需抛光处理。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述方法制备的结节复位组件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的结节复位组件,其特征在于:所述结节复位组件上的结节间沟与肱骨近端结节间沟一致。
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