CN113974511A - 一种含有压电材料制备的清洁工具 - Google Patents

一种含有压电材料制备的清洁工具 Download PDF

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CN113974511A
CN113974511A CN202010666038.8A CN202010666038A CN113974511A CN 113974511 A CN113974511 A CN 113974511A CN 202010666038 A CN202010666038 A CN 202010666038A CN 113974511 A CN113974511 A CN 113974511A
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Abstract

本发明采用将纳米或微米级压电材料颗粒按一定质量比添加到高分子材料中，制备具有压电性能的清洁工具，如牙刷、洁面刷和拖把等。通过清洁工具与被清洁物体之间的压力，压电传导到高分子材料中的压电颗粒通过其压电性能在清洁工具表面引起束缚电荷的吸收或释放，被释放的电荷并与水分子作用产生大量的活性自由基（●OH,●O2‑）。强氧化性的活性自由基可以将色素大分子氧化分解成无色小分子从而实现对污渍的清理。本发明能够对传统的清洁工具进行升级，不仅能够有效去除污渍中的颗粒物进行扫除同时能够对污渍中的色素氧化分解同时也能够保持自身的清洁，可以称之为新一代清洁工具，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种含有压电材料制备的清洁工具
技术领域
本发明属于清洁工具设计和制备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种将高压电性能的纳米或微米级陶瓷颗粒粉与高分子材料进行混合制备的高分子基复合材料来制造纺织类清洁工具，比如刷子、毛刷、洁面刷、抹布和拖把布等。
背景技术
传统清洁工具基于单纯的高分子材料基础拉丝或者是纺织城的刷子、毛刷、洁面刷或者拖把，在清理污渍的时候由于物质里面有色素等有机大分子往往会导致拖把变色或染色难以洗去。这不仅会导致地板不容易清洗干净而且也会导致拖把本身变色影响清洁效果和使用效果会带来很多烦恼。如果单独采用高浓度的氧化物（过氧化物如过氧化氢）或者是强碱等清洁剂虽然能够起到清洁美白的效果，但是会对被清洁物表面产生腐蚀形成不可修复损害，同时也会对人体皮肤和粘膜造成伤害。此外清洁工具和清洁剂两者的使用会造成程序复杂化同时也会造成成本的增加。为此开发一种清洁工具能够有自带的除污降解色素有机大分子将能够在清洁领域产生广阔的应用前景。
压电材料，特别是纳米和微米级纳米颗粒由于具有压电效应在受力情况下能够引起表面束缚电荷的吸收和释放产生具有强氧化性和自由基（OH, O2-），被广泛应用于有色有机化合物的催化分解。近年来随着压电材料压电机理的不断深入研究，压电性能不断取得突破，高压电性能材料在材料中的设计中得到了越来越多的关注和应用。
迄今为止，尚没一种利用压电陶瓷粉体颗粒/高分子复合材料来进行纺丝制造纺织类清洁工具。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了改善传统纺织类清洁工具清洁功能单一而提供一种基于压电效应的具有有色有机大分子降解功能的新型纺织类清洁工具，制备方法简单，有利于降低成本，制备的高压电高分子复合材料具有类似于单纯压电材料在催化和降解有机化合物的性能，能够对污渍产生较优异的降解清洗清洁作用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：采用传统的固相反应法制备了具有高压电性微纳陶瓷颗粒，将微纳陶瓷颗粒与高分子材料进行加热熔融共混进行通过挤出拉丝或者纺织制成的刷毛制成的刷子、毛刷、洁面刷、抹布或拖把布。具体包括以下步骤：
步骤 1：依据传统陶瓷的烧结方法，先根据高压电性能钙钛矿型ABO3压电陶瓷材料的化学组分进行A位和B位元素对应氧化物或是碳酸盐进行配比混料球磨使混料均匀，比如比如铌酸钾钠-锆酸铋钠钙钛矿氧化物体系。然后将混合均匀的原料进行预烧结形成初步的固相反应和脱碳，接着进行再次球墨混合细化粉体颗粒在进行烧结制备成微纳陶瓷颗粒。
本发明的压电粉体具有较为规则的四方结构，有利于形成良好的压电效果。
本发明所述的压电陶瓷粉体优选为通过高电压进行极化的压电粉体。极化的压电粉体里面的颗粒压电性能相较于未极化的压电粉体更佳。
本发明所属的高分子材料可以为聚乙烯，聚丙烯和聚氨酯等低成本具有适度强度和韧性的高分子材料。
本发明的清洁工具可以是挤出拉丝或者是纺丝，可以利用其设计制造刷子、毛刷、洁面刷、抹布或拖把布。
本发明所述的高分子基复合压电材料，为高分子母体中添加压电粉体而制备。所述的压电陶瓷粉体颗粒的大小和含量可以多样化，根据毛刷尺寸的需求和清洁降解效果来调整压电体粉体的含量。
具体的，本发明的清洁方法，通过将添加压电粉体颗粒的毛刷放在有污渍的情节对象上施加压力是清洁毛刷变形实现清洁。施加压力的方式可以是振动，摆动，或则是摩擦等方式。通过这些动作的反复进行，为具有压电效应的高分子复合材料提供持续的压力变化，利用压电材料的压电性能产生大量的表面束缚电荷，这些电荷与水进行反应产生大量的活性基团，将清晰对象表面的污渍降解，实现清洁目的。
本发明所述的清洁对象可以是人体皮肤，牙齿，也可以地面，墙面，碗柜等厨具，也可以是复合材料纺丝制造的衣服。
本发明的清洁效果取决于受压力激发的表面束缚电荷量，其和压电材料的压电性能以及含量和清洁工具受力动作幅度有关。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详述。
图一为压电材料催化效应的示意图。如图1所示，通过压电陶瓷粉体/高分子基复合材料挤出纺丝的纺丝物或者是刷毛在水中进行形变的时候在高分子表面会形成束缚电荷，这些束缚电荷被释放出来后和水分子进行相互作用形成活性基团，活性基团可以降解色素等大分子有机污渍。当外力停止变化时，纺织物表面会形成一个新的静电平衡。当外力再次变化的时候，压电材料将从水溶液中吸收异种电荷，而后存留在水中的电荷会继续和水分子反应生成活性基团。在给这种复合压电材料持续施加压力并不断变化时就能够对污渍进行催化降解。
实施例 1
本实施例以固相反应法制备了0.96(K0.48Na0.52)NbO3-(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3陶瓷粉体。高纯Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5、Bi2O3和ZrO2根据化学式称重。首先，以无水乙醇为介质，用氧化锆球球磨48h，然后提取悬浮液，在80℃下干燥，850℃煅烧6.5h，煅烧后再球磨12h，在相同温度下干燥。然后，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为粘结剂溶液，在300 mPa压力下将粉末压制成直径12mm的绿色颗粒。将聚乙烯醇（PVA）烧成后，采用两步烧结法烧结，即在1175℃烧结20min，然后在1090℃保温5h，冷却至室温后得到了如图2所制备的压电陶瓷颗粒粉。所制备的陶瓷粉颗粒扫描电镜照片如图3所示，颗粒的尺寸在3 微米以内，同时压片合成了一个压电陶瓷片对材料整体压电性能也进行了表针如图4所示。
按图5的示意图所示采用常规粉体极化方式对陶瓷粉体进行极化优化压电性能，将极化后的陶瓷颗粒粉体铺在导电基板上作为一个极化电极，在离粉体5 mm到10mm高的地方放置针状导电体连线作为另一极化极，在两个极化电极之间施加4 kV的高压，利用针尖放电效应产生高电场完成对陶瓷粉体颗粒的极化。
然后将陶瓷粉体按照一定质量百分比和聚丙烯进行均匀混合并熔融纺成丝进一步纺丝成布。陶瓷粉体颗粒在复合材料中的质量百分比可以是50%到80%都能够起到明显的清洁降解作用。将一块用酱油染色的普通布口罩放在水中进行超声振荡污渍基本没明显变化，而如图6所示将压电陶瓷/聚丙烯高分子复合材料（压电陶瓷粉体质量比为60%）纺丝制备的口罩进行超声震荡30分钟后口罩颜色明显变白，实现了较好的清洁功能。
实施例 2
本实施例以固相反应法制备了0.96(K0.48Na0.52)NbO3-(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3陶瓷粉体。高纯Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5、Bi2O3和ZrO2根据化学式称重。首先，以无水乙醇为介质，用氧化锆球球磨48h，然后提取悬浮液，在80℃下干燥，850℃煅烧6.5h，煅烧后再球磨12h，在相同温度下干燥。然后，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为粘结剂溶液，在300 mPa压力下将粉末压制成直径12mm的绿色颗粒。将聚乙烯醇（PVA）烧成后，采用两步烧结法烧结，即在1175℃烧结20min，然后在1090℃保温5h，冷却至室温后得到所制备的压电陶瓷颗粒粉。
按图4的示意图所示采用常规粉体极化方式对陶瓷粉体进行极化优化压电性能，将陶瓷颗粒粉体铺在导电基板上作为一个极化电极，在离粉体5 mm到10mm高的地方放置针状导电体连线作为另一极化极，在两个极化电极之间施加4 kV的高压，利用针尖放电效应产生高电场完成对陶瓷粉体颗粒的极化。
然后将极化后的陶瓷粉体按照一定质量比和聚氨酯进行均匀混合并熔融纺丝进一步纺丝成布。质量百分比可以是50%到80%都能够起到明显的清洁降解作用。
将布料做成抹布或者是拖把布用于清洁。
实施例 3
本实施例以固相反应法制备了0.96(K0.48Na0.52)NbO3-(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3陶瓷粉体。高纯Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5、Bi2O3和ZrO2根据化学式称重。首先，以无水乙醇为介质，用氧化锆球球磨48h，然后提取悬浮液，在80℃下干燥，850℃煅烧6.5h，煅烧后再球磨12h，在相同温度下干燥。然后，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为粘结剂溶液，在300 mPa压力下将粉末压制成直径12mm的绿色颗粒。将聚乙烯醇（PVA）烧成后，采用两步烧结法烧结，即在1175℃烧结20min，然后在1090℃保温5h，冷却至室温后得到所制备的压电陶瓷颗粒粉。
按图4的示意图所示采用常规粉体极化方式对陶瓷粉体进行极化优化压电性能，将陶瓷颗粒粉体铺在导电基板上作为一个极化电极，在离粉体5 mm到10mm高的地方放置针状导电体连线作为另一极化极，在两个极化电极之间施加4 kV的高压，利用针尖放电效应产生高电场完成对陶瓷粉体颗粒的极化。
然后将极化后的陶瓷粉体按照一定质量比和聚己内酰胺进行均匀混合并熔融基础拉丝用于清洁刷子的刷毛并制成清洁刷。压电陶瓷粉体质量百分比可以是50%到80%都能够起到明显的清洁降解作用。
图号说明：
1、 图1为催化效应示意图
2、 图2为压电陶瓷粉体
3、 图3为压电陶瓷粉体颗粒扫描电镜图
4、 图4为用压电颗粒烧结制备陶瓷片对应的铁电性能测试图
5、 图5为压电陶瓷粉体极化示意图
6、 图6为实施例1中用压电复合材料纺丝制备酱油染色后布口罩超声处理前后的实验结果图。

Claims (5)

1.含有压电材料的清洁工具。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压电材料是无铅压电材料（比如铌酸钾钠-锆酸铋钠钙钛矿氧化物体系，钛酸钡体系）。
3.根据权利要求书2所述压电材料是通过低成本简单的固态烧结制备的陶瓷颗粒粉。
4.根据权利要求2所述的清洁工具是通过加入压电材料改性后的高分子材料通过挤出拉丝或者纺丝制成的刷毛制成的刷子、毛刷、洁面刷或纺丝后织成布然后做成抹布或拖把布。
5.根据权利要求书4所述，清洁工具可以是通上采用上述刷毛、布料制成的刷头、清洁刷、洁面刷、电动扫地机器人等。
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WO2023216387A1 (zh) * 2022-05-09 2023-11-16 北京大学口腔医学院 牙刷丝及其制备方法、牙刷

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CN1395614A (zh) * 2000-01-21 2003-02-05 花王株式会社 地板清洁片
US20050132518A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Cleaning tool for removing larger and smaller sized particles
CN110464674A (zh) * 2019-08-19 2019-11-19 南京理工大学 含压电材料的牙齿美白产品

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CN1395614A (zh) * 2000-01-21 2003-02-05 花王株式会社 地板清洁片
US20050132518A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Cleaning tool for removing larger and smaller sized particles
CN110464674A (zh) * 2019-08-19 2019-11-19 南京理工大学 含压电材料的牙齿美白产品

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023216387A1 (zh) * 2022-05-09 2023-11-16 北京大学口腔医学院 牙刷丝及其制备方法、牙刷

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