CN113972389A - Water heat management integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Water heat management integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113972389A CN113972389A CN202111250548.8A CN202111250548A CN113972389A CN 113972389 A CN113972389 A CN 113972389A CN 202111250548 A CN202111250548 A CN 202111250548A CN 113972389 A CN113972389 A CN 113972389A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a water heat management integrated device of a multi-pile fuel cell system and a working method thereof, wherein the water heat management integrated device comprises: the system comprises a heat exchange unit, an air intercooling unit and a parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises a thermostat, a heater communicated with one flow channel valve port of the thermostat, a radiator communicated with the other flow channel valve port of the thermostat, a deionizer communicated with the heater, a water tank, a water pump connected with the water tank and a heat exchange bypass valve connected with the water pump, and the deionizer and the radiator are communicated with the water tank; the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit comprises a pile entering cooling liquid pipeline and a pile exiting cooling liquid pipeline, and all the pile entering cooling liquid pipelines are respectively communicated with inlets of all the fuel cell single piles; all the stack-outlet cooling liquid pipelines are respectively communicated with the outlets of all the fuel cell single stacks. The water heat management integrated device and the working method thereof can improve the starting speed and the running stability of a multi-pile fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a water heat management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system and a working method thereof.
Background
As an energy conversion device using hydrogen as fuel, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of low working temperature, high specific energy, high starting speed, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields including automobile power sources. The multi-stack fuel cell system formed by combining the single-stack fuel cells can improve the output power of the fuel cell system so as to meet the high power requirement, can also increase the redundancy of system output and improve the working reliability of the system.
The operation process of the fuel cell is a heat production process, the heat production quantity of the fuel cell is basically the same as the output power, and therefore a heat management subsystem is required to be configured to maintain the operation temperature of the electric pile to be always kept in a reasonable interval. The multi-stack fuel cell system has strong hydrothermal coupling and large hysteresis, and each single fuel cell stack has different heat generation amount due to different aging degrees, and the temperature of each single fuel cell stack is ensured to be uniform by using cooling liquid circulation, so that local hot spots are prevented from occurring, and the performance of the multi-stack fuel cell system is prevented from being influenced. Although the single-stack water heat management subsystem on the market has a mature scheme, the current scheme is not suitable for being directly transplanted to a multi-stack fuel cell system from the aspects of structural design, cost and the like. In addition, when the existing water thermal management subsystem is applied to a multi-stack fuel cell system, the problem that the starting speed of the multi-stack fuel cell system is low due to low temperature of cooling liquid in the starting stage cannot be solved, and the problem that the normal electrochemical reaction of the multi-stack fuel cell system is influenced due to the fact that the cooling liquid contains conductive ions, and therefore the operation stability of the multi-stack fuel cell system is low cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated device for water heat management of a multi-stack fuel cell system, which can enable the multi-stack fuel cell system to be started up quickly and improve the stability of the operation of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a water heat management integrated device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising:
the heat exchange unit comprises a thermostat, a heater communicated with one flow channel valve port of the thermostat, a radiator communicated with the other flow channel valve port of the thermostat, a deionizer communicated with the heater, a water tank, a water pump connected with the water tank and a heat exchange bypass valve connected with the water pump, wherein the deionizer and the radiator are both communicated with the water tank;
the air intercooling unit comprises an intercooling group, wherein the water inlet end of the intercooling group is connected with one water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve, and the water outlet end of the intercooling group is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat;
the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit comprises a pile entering cooling liquid pipeline and a pile exiting cooling liquid pipeline, and the quantity of the pile entering cooling liquid pipeline and the quantity of the pile exiting cooling liquid pipeline are equal to the quantity of single fuel cell piles in the multi-pile fuel cells; all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines are respectively communicated with inlets of all the fuel cell single stacks, and all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve; all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines are respectively communicated with the outlets of all the fuel cell single stacks, and all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines are communicated with the water inlet valve port of the thermostat.
Further, the heat sink includes a heat radiation fan.
Furthermore, the air intercooling unit also comprises an intercooler inlet bypass valve group, and the water inlet end of the intercooler group is connected with one water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve through the intercooler inlet bypass valve group.
Further, the air inter-cooling unit further comprises an inter-cooler outlet mixer, water outlets of all inter-coolers in the inter-cooler group are communicated with the inter-cooler outlet mixer, and the inter-cooler outlet mixer is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat.
Further, the air intercooling unit further comprises an air inlet module, and the air inlet module is communicated with the intercooler group.
Furthermore, an air flow sensor and an air pressure gauge are arranged on a communication pipeline between the air intake module and the intercooler set.
Furthermore, the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit also comprises a splitter group, and all the in-pile cooling liquid pipelines are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve through the splitter group.
Furthermore, the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system also comprises a controller, and the thermostat, the radiator, the water pump, the heat exchange bypass valve and the splitter group are all connected with the controller.
Furthermore, the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit also comprises a stack-out mixer, all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines are communicated with the stack-out mixer, and the stack-out mixer is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat.
As described above, the integrated device for water heat management according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
the working principle of the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is as follows: in the starting stage of the multi-stack fuel cell system, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the multi-stack fuel cell system is less than or equal to a set temperature value; a thermostat in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of the radiator and opens a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of the heater, cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells sequentially passes through the thermostat, the heater and the deionizer and then flows into the water tank, the heater heats the flowing cooling liquid, the deionizer removes conductive ions in the flowing cooling liquid, and the water pump conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank to the multi-stack fuel cells; after the start is successful or at the stage of normal output power of the multi-stack fuel cells, the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a set temperature range, a thermostat in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing towards the heater direction and opens a flow channel valve port flowing towards the radiator direction, the cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells sequentially passes through the thermostat and the radiator and then flows into the water tank, the water pump conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank to the multi-stack fuel cells, and the cooling liquid flows through the radiator and then is cooled. The water heat management integrated device can heat the cooling liquid in the starting stage by arranging the heater so as to ensure that the multi-pile fuel cell system can be started quickly and smoothly; meanwhile, the deionizer is used for removing the conductive ions in the cooling liquid so as to avoid the influence on the normal electrochemical reaction of the multi-stack fuel cell when the conductive ions enter the multi-stack fuel cell along with the cooling liquid, and improve the running stability of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an operating method that can quickly start a multi-stack fuel cell system and can improve the operation stability of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for operating a water heat management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
in the starting stage of the multi-stack fuel cell system, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the multi-stack fuel cell system is less than or equal to a set temperature value; a thermostat in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of the radiator and opens a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of the heater, cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells sequentially passes through the thermostat, the heater and the deionizer and then flows into the water tank, the heater heats the flowing cooling liquid, the deionizer removes conductive ions in the flowing cooling liquid, and the water pump conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank to the multi-stack fuel cells;
after the multi-stack fuel cell system is successfully started or at the stage of normal output power of the multi-stack fuel cells, the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a set temperature range, a thermostat in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing towards the heater direction and opens a flow channel valve port flowing towards the radiator direction, the cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells sequentially passes through the thermostat and the radiator and then flows into a water tank, a water pump conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank to the multi-stack fuel cells, and the cooling liquid flows through the radiator and then is cooled.
As described above, the working method according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
in the working method, the heater is used for heating the cooling liquid in the starting stage of the multi-pile fuel cell, so that the cooling liquid and the multi-pile fuel cell are quickly heated, and the multi-pile fuel cell can be quickly and smoothly started; meanwhile, the deionizer is used for removing the conductive ions in the cooling liquid so as to avoid the influence of the conductive ions on the electrochemical reaction when the conductive ions enter the multi-stack fuel cell along with the cooling liquid, and further improve the running stability of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water heat management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present hydrothermal management integrated device for testing current load conditions in this embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature control effect of the present hydrothermal management integrated device on the multi-stack fuel cell in this embodiment.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 air intake Module 17 fifth flow sensor
2 air flow sensor 18 splitter group
3 air pressure gauge 19 pile-in cooling liquid pipeline
4 thermostat 20 in-pile flow sensor
5 heater 21 multi-stack fuel cell
6 first flow sensor 22 Fuel cell Stack
7 radiator fan 23 goes out pile coolant liquid pipeline
8 first temperature sensor 24 out-of-pile mixer
9 deionizer 25 fourth temperature sensor
10 second temperature sensor 26 fourth flow sensor
11 water tank 27 discharge flow sensor
12 water pump 28 stack-out temperature sensor
13 second flow sensor 29 intercooler inlet bypass valve block
14 third temperature sensor 30 intercooler outlet mixer
15 third flow sensor 31 intercooler group
16 heat exchange bypass valve
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present disclosure, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratios, or adjustments of the sizes, can still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for convenience of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a water heat management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, including:
the heat exchange unit comprises a thermostat 4, a heater 5 communicated with one flow channel valve port of the thermostat 4, a radiator communicated with the other flow channel valve port of the thermostat 4, a deionizer 9 communicated with the heater 5, a water tank 11, a water pump 12 connected with the water tank 11 and a heat exchange bypass valve 16 connected with the water pump 12; the deionizer 9 and the radiator are communicated with a water tank 11;
the air intercooling unit comprises an intercooling group 31, wherein the water inlet end of the intercooling group 31 is connected with one water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve 16, and the water outlet end of the intercooling group 31 is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat 4;
the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit comprises a stack entering cooling liquid pipeline 19 and a stack exiting cooling liquid pipeline 23, and the number of the stack entering cooling liquid pipeline 19 and the number of the stack exiting cooling liquid pipeline 23 are equal to the number of the fuel cell single stacks 22 in the multi-stack fuel cells 21; all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines 19 are respectively communicated with inlets of all the fuel cell single stacks 22, and all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines 19 are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve 16; all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines 23 are respectively communicated with the outlets of all the fuel cell single stacks 22, and all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines 23 are communicated with the water inlet valve port of the thermostat 4.
The working principle of the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is as follows: in the starting stage of the multi-stack fuel cell system, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the multi-stack fuel cell system is less than or equal to a set temperature value; a thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a radiator and opens a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a heater 5, cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cell 21 sequentially passes through the thermostat 4, the heater 5 and a deionizer 9 and then flows into a water tank 11, the heater 5 heats the flowing cooling liquid, the deionizer 9 removes conductive ions in the flowing cooling liquid, and a water pump 12 conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank 11 to the multi-stack fuel cell 21; after the start is successful or at the stage of normal output power of the multi-stack fuel cells 21, the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a set temperature range, the thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit closes the flow channel valve port flowing towards the heater 5 and opens the flow channel valve port flowing towards the radiator, the cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells 21 sequentially passes through the thermostat 4 and the radiator and then flows into the water tank 11, the water pump 12 conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank 11 to the multi-stack fuel cells 21, and the cooling liquid flows through the radiator and then is cooled. The water heat management integrated device can heat the cooling liquid in the starting stage by arranging the heater 5 so as to ensure that a multi-pile fuel cell system can be started quickly and smoothly; meanwhile, the deionizer 9 is used for removing the conductive ions in the cooling liquid so as to avoid the influence on the normal electrochemical reaction of the multi-stack fuel cell 21 when the conductive ions enter the multi-stack fuel cell 21 along with the cooling liquid, and improve the running stability of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat sink in this embodiment includes a heat dissipation fan 7, so that the heat dissipation fan 7 is used to cool the flowing cooling liquid. Meanwhile, a first flow sensor 6 is arranged on a communicating pipeline between the radiator and the thermostat 4, and a first temperature sensor 8 is arranged on a communicating pipeline between the radiator and the water tank 11. A second temperature sensor 10 is arranged on a communication pipeline between the deionizer 9 and the water tank 11. A second flow sensor 13 and a third temperature sensor 14 are arranged on a communication pipeline between the water pump 12 and the heat exchange bypass valve 16. In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit uses heat to exchange heat for cooling or heating of the circulating cooling fluid.
As shown in fig. 1, the air-to-air cooling unit in this embodiment further includes an intercooler inlet bypass valve set 29, an intercooler outlet mixer 30, and an air intake module 1, wherein a water inlet end of the intercooler set 31 is connected to a water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve 16 through the intercooler inlet bypass valve set 29, water outlets of all intercoolers in the intercooler set 31 are all communicated with the intercooler outlet mixer 30, the intercooler outlet mixer 30 is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat 4, and the air intake module 1 is communicated with the intercooler set 31. Specifically, an air flow sensor 2 and an air pressure gauge 3 are arranged on a communication pipeline between the air intake module 1 and the intercooler set 31. A third flow sensor 15 is arranged on a communication pipeline between the intercooler inlet bypass valve block 29 and the heat exchange bypass valve 16. After the cooling liquid is cooled by heat radiation of the heat exchange unit, the cooling liquid flows into the thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit after sequentially passing through the intercooler inlet bypass valve set 29, the intercooler set 31 and the intercooler outlet mixer 30. The high-temperature compressed air provided by the air intake module 1 is cooled to a suitable temperature by the intercooler group 31 and then supplied to the multi-stack fuel cell 21.
As shown in fig. 1, the parallel coolant pipeline unit further includes a splitter group 18 and a stack outlet mixer 24, all the stack inlet coolant pipelines 19 are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve 16 through the splitter group 18, all the stack outlet coolant pipelines 23 are communicated with the stack outlet mixer 24, and an outlet of the stack outlet mixer 24 is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat 4. A fifth flow sensor 17 is provided on a communication line between the flow divider group 18 and the heat exchange bypass valve 16. Each reactor cooling liquid pipeline 19 is provided with a reactor flow sensor 20. Each reactor outlet cooling liquid pipeline 23 is provided with a reactor outlet flow sensor 27 and a reactor outlet temperature sensor 28. A fourth temperature sensor 25 and a fourth flow sensor 26 are arranged on a communication pipeline between the stack-out mixer 24 and the thermostat 4. The cooling liquid is heated or cooled by the heat exchange unit, flows out through the heat exchange bypass valve 16, sequentially passes through the splitter group 18, the reactor-entering cooling liquid pipeline 19, the multi-stack fuel cell 21, the reactor-exiting cooling liquid pipeline 23 and the reactor-exiting mixer 24, then flows back to the thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit, and returns to the heat exchange unit. The flow splitter group 18 in this embodiment is capable of controlling the flow of coolant to each fuel cell stack 22 in a multi-stack fuel cell system. The stack discharge mixer 24 collects and mixes the coolant discharged from each fuel cell stack 22, and ensures the uniformity of the coolant temperature. In this embodiment, the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit distributes a cooling liquid with a certain temperature and flow rate, the cooling liquid flows into each fuel cell single stack 22 of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and the cooling liquid flowing out of each fuel cell single stack 22 is collected and uniformly mixed and then flows to the heat exchange unit, so as to ensure that the multi-stack fuel cell 21 performs electrochemical reaction in a proper hydrothermal environment to output electric power.
In this embodiment, a water pump 12, a heat exchange bypass valve 16, a splitter group 18, a reactor-entering coolant pipeline 19, a multi-stack fuel cell 21, a reactor-exiting coolant pipeline 23, a reactor-exiting mixer 24, a thermostat 4, a radiator fan 7, and a water tank 11 are connected in sequence, and a coolant circulation is formed. The water pump 12, the heat exchange bypass valve 16, the splitter group 18, the reactor-entering cooling liquid pipeline 19, the multi-stack fuel cell 21, the reactor-exiting cooling liquid pipeline 23, the reactor-exiting mixer 24, the thermostat 4, the heater 5, the deionizer 9 and the water tank 11 are sequentially connected to form a small cooling liquid circulation.
In this embodiment, the water pump 12 is specifically of a centrifugal structure, and the total flow rate of the coolant can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the water pump 12. The heat exchange bypass valve 16 can regulate the flow of coolant flowing into the intercooler bank 31 of the air intercooler unit and into the multi-stack fuel cells 21 via the splitter bank 18 in the parallel coolant piping unit. Wherein, thermostat 4 can adjust big or small circulating cooling liquid, and at low temperature or start-up stage, adopts heater 5 heating among the little circulating structure, promotes the coolant temperature fast, and at normal operating stage, adopts radiator fan 7 among the big circulating structure to cool down for the coolant heat dissipation.
Meanwhile, the embodiment also provides a working method of the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps:
in the starting stage of a low-temperature or multi-stack fuel cell system, when the temperature of cooling liquid in the multi-stack fuel cell system is less than or equal to a set temperature value, namely the temperature of the cooling liquid does not reach a set temperature range; a thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a radiator and opens a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a heater 5, cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells 21 sequentially flows into a water tank 11 after passing through a stack-outlet cooling liquid pipeline 23, a stack-outlet mixer 24, the thermostat 4, the heater 5 and a deionizer 9, the heater 5 heats the flowing cooling liquid, the deionizer 9 removes conductive ions in the flowing cooling liquid, and a water pump 12 conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank 11 to the multi-stack fuel cells 21; at this stage, the temperature of the fuel cell single stack 22 is raised by using a small circulating cooling liquid;
after the multi-stack fuel cell system is successfully started or at the stage of normal output power of the multi-stack fuel cells 21, the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a set temperature range, the thermostat 4 in the heat exchange unit closes the flow channel valve port flowing towards the heater 5 and opens the flow channel valve port flowing towards the radiator, the cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells 21 sequentially flows into the water tank 11 after passing through the stack-outlet cooling liquid pipeline 23, the stack-outlet mixer 24, the thermostat 4 and the radiator, the water pump 12 conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank 11 to the multi-stack fuel cells 21, and the cooling liquid can be cooled after passing through the radiator; at this stage, the fuel cell stack 22 is cooled by the large circulation coolant.
The water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system also comprises a controller, and the thermostat 4, the radiator, the water pump 12, the heat exchange bypass valve 16, the splitter group 18 and all the sensors are connected with the controller. In the operation method of the present embodiment, the controller is used to control the actuators in each unit, including the water pump 12, the radiator fan 7, the intercooler inlet bypass valve set 29, the heat exchange bypass valve 16, and the splitter group 18, so as to maintain the temperature of each fuel cell stack 22 within a proper temperature range during operation by controlling the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the multi-stack fuel cells 21. In the present embodiment, the heat exchange bypass valve 16 and the splitter group 18 are used to distribute the flow of the cooling fluid between different fuel cell single stacks 22 and different intercoolers, so that the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22 can be respectively regulated and controlled for the fuel cell single stacks 22 with different numbers and the multi-stack fuel cell system with rated power, which is convenient for the design of the controller on the premise of inconsistent characteristics of each fuel cell single stack 22. Specifically, the controller is used for controlling the rotating speed of the water pump 12, the rotating speed of the cooling fan 7, the opening of the heat exchange bypass valve 16 and the opening of the flow divider, and regulating the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22 and the temperature of stack inlet air of the multi-stack fuel cell system. According to the working method, the rotating speed of a cooling fan 7 in a heat exchange unit, the rotating speed of a water pump 12 and the opening degree of a shunt group 18 in a parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit are used as controller outputs, the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22 in a multi-stack fuel cell system is used as control target input of the controller, and a proper control algorithm, such as a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm, is adopted to maintain the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22 in the multi-stack fuel cell system in an optimal range. The specific operation method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into each fuel cell single stack 22 in the multi-stack fuel cell system is controlled by reasonably controlling the opening of the thermostat 4 and the rotating speed of the cooling fan 7, and the flow of the cooling liquid flowing through the intercooler group 31 and each fuel cell single stack 22 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump 12, the opening of the heat exchange bypass valve 16, the opening of the intercooler inlet bypass valve group 29 and the opening of the splitter group 18, so that the temperature of the fuel cell single stack 22 is maintained in an optimal range. Meanwhile, the controller collects signals fed back by all the sensors and controls each execution unit to perform feedback regulation, so that the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is ensured to be in a normal working state.
The embodiment provides a multi-stack fuel cell water heat management device with high integration degree and compact structure for different application scenes or load working conditions, the bypass valve and the flow divider are used for distributing the flow of the cooling liquid between different fuel cell single stacks 22 and different intercoolers, the problems of strong water heat coupling and large hysteresis of the multi-stack fuel cells 21 are solved by applying a proper control method, and the heat management requirements of the multi-stack fuel cells 21 can be met. The water heat management integrated device and the working method thereof in the embodiment can respectively regulate and control the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22, facilitate the design of a controller on the premise that the characteristics of each fuel cell single stack 22 are inconsistent, and have certain universality on multi-stack fuel cell systems with different numbers of single stacks and rated power.
In the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system in this embodiment, a mode of sharing a cooling and heat dissipation system by connecting a plurality of stacks in parallel is adopted, a secondary bypass valve structure is used as a flow divider, the cooling liquid is divided into N branches, the branches are respectively used for heat dissipation of the N fuel cell single stacks 22, and the temperature of each fuel cell single stack 22 is respectively regulated and controlled. Meanwhile, the intercooler is also connected to the cooling loop, and a bypass valve is additionally arranged to control the flow of the cooling liquid flowing into the intercooler group 31 so as to control the temperature of the air entering the reactor within a proper range.
In addition, the present embodiment is exemplified by a multi-stack fuel cell system having a total rated power of 210kW, a number of single stacks of 3, and a rated power of 70kW per single fuel cell stack 22, and the integrated water heat management apparatus of the multi-stack fuel cell system is described in fig. 1. Under the given test current load condition shown in fig. 2, by applying the water heat management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system designed in this embodiment and the operating method thereof, the temperature of 3 fuel cell single stacks 22 can be controlled to be about 75 ℃, the overshoot of the control system is basically within 1 ℃, meanwhile, the temperature of the coolant is also maintained to be about 65 ℃, and the temperature control effect of each fuel cell single stack 22 is shown in fig. 3. Accordingly, the present invention can effectively control the temperature of each fuel cell stack 22 within an appropriate temperature range by dividing the coolant into a plurality of branches and radiating the heat to the plurality of fuel cell stacks 22 using a two-stage bypass valve structure in a manner of sharing a cooling and heat radiating system by connecting a plurality of stacks in parallel.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated apparatus for water heat management of a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising:
the heat exchange unit comprises a thermostat (4), a heater (5) communicated with one flow channel valve port of the thermostat (4), a radiator communicated with the other flow channel valve port of the thermostat (4), a deionizer (9) communicated with the heater (5), a water tank (11), a water pump (12) connected with the water tank (11) and a heat exchange bypass valve (16) connected with the water pump (12), wherein the deionizer (9) and the radiator are both communicated with the water tank (11);
the air inter-cooling unit comprises an inter-cooling unit group (31), wherein the water inlet end of the inter-cooling unit group (31) is connected with one water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve (16), and the water outlet end of the inter-cooling unit group (31) is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat (4); the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit comprises a stack entering cooling liquid pipeline (19) and a stack exiting cooling liquid pipeline (23), and the number of the stack entering cooling liquid pipeline (19) and the number of the stack exiting cooling liquid pipeline (23) are equal to the number of the single fuel cell stacks (22) in the multi-stack fuel cell (21); all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines (19) are respectively communicated with inlets of all the fuel cell single stacks (22), and all the in-stack cooling liquid pipelines (19) are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve (16); all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines (23) are respectively communicated with the outlets of all the fuel cell single stacks (22), and all the stack-out cooling liquid pipelines (23) are communicated with the water inlet valve port of the thermostat (4).
2. The integrated hydrothermal management device for multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink includes a heat dissipation fan (7).
3. The integrated hydrothermal management device of a multi-stack fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air intercooler unit further comprises an intercooler inlet bypass valve set (29), and a water inlet end of the intercooler set (31) is connected with a water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve (16) through the intercooler inlet bypass valve set (29).
4. The integrated water heat management device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the intercooler unit further comprises an intercooler outlet mixer (30), water outlets of all intercoolers in the intercooler group (31) are communicated with the intercooler outlet mixer (30), and the intercooler outlet mixer (30) is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat (4).
5. The integrated hydrothermal management device of a multi-stack fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air inter-cooler unit further comprises an air intake module (1), and the air intake module (1) is communicated with an inter-cooler group (31).
6. The integrated device for hydrothermal management of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that a communication pipeline between the air intake module (1) and the intercooler set (31) is provided with an air flow sensor (2) and an air pressure gauge (3).
7. The integrated hydrothermal management device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the parallel coolant pipeline unit further comprises a flow divider set (18), and all the stack coolant pipelines (19) are connected with the other water outlet end of the heat exchange bypass valve (16) through the flow divider set (18).
8. The integrated device for water heat management of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 7, further comprising a controller, wherein the thermostat (4), the radiator, the water pump (12), the heat exchange bypass valve (16) and the splitter group (18) are all connected with the controller.
9. The integrated device for hydrothermal management of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the parallel cooling liquid pipeline unit further comprises a stack outlet mixer (24), all the stack outlet cooling liquid pipelines (23) are communicated with the stack outlet mixer (24), and the stack outlet mixer (24) is communicated with a water inlet valve port of the thermostat (4).
10. A method of operating the integrated hydrothermal management device of a multi-stack fuel cell system as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
in the starting stage of the multi-stack fuel cell system, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the multi-stack fuel cell system is less than or equal to a set temperature value; a thermostat (4) in the heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a radiator and opens a flow channel valve port flowing to the direction of a heater (5), cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells (21) sequentially passes through the thermostat (4), the heater (5) and a deionizer (9) and then flows into a water tank (11), the heater (5) heats the flowing cooling liquid, the deionizer (9) removes conductive ions in the flowing cooling liquid, and a water pump (12) conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank (11) to the multi-stack fuel cells (21);
after the multi-stack fuel cell system is successfully started or at the stage of normal output power of the multi-stack fuel cells (21), the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a set temperature range, a thermostat (4) in a heat exchange unit closes a flow channel valve port flowing towards a heater (5) direction and opens a flow channel valve port flowing towards a radiator direction, the cooling liquid flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cells (21) sequentially passes through the thermostat (4) and the radiator and then flows into a water tank (11), a water pump (12) conveys the cooling liquid in the water tank (11) to the multi-stack fuel cells (21), and the cooling liquid flows through the radiator and then can be cooled.
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| CN113972389B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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