CN113970320B - Measuring method for forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot - Google Patents
Measuring method for forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot Download PDFInfo
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- CN113970320B CN113970320B CN202111101151.2A CN202111101151A CN113970320B CN 113970320 B CN113970320 B CN 113970320B CN 202111101151 A CN202111101151 A CN 202111101151A CN 113970320 B CN113970320 B CN 113970320B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 108091008598 receptor tyrosine kinases Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/43—Determining position using carrier phase measurements, e.g. kinematic positioning; using long or short baseline interferometry
Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method for a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: determining a typical section in a selected forest biodiversity observation area, establishing a fixed sample area, and collecting two initial coordinate points; step 2: importing two initial coordinate points into an ArcGIS, dividing a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed sample land by utilizing the distance requirement of the ArcGIS according to the small sample sides determined by a monitoring scheme to form a plurality of small sample sides, and extracting the angular point coordinates of each small sample side; step 3: and selecting lofting points by using RTKs according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, and completing measurement work according to the lofting points and a preset lofting error. The invention can realize real-time positioning, is less limited by terrain conditions, can reach centimeter level in measurement accuracy, and has higher sample area boundary measurement efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry measurement, in particular to a measurement method for a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot.
Background
The forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot is used as a way for monitoring the structure, the function and the dynamic change of a forest community, and can effectively monitor species conditions (species composition and structure, vegetation spatial distribution pattern, species coexistence and updating mechanism), ecological system conditions (habitat evolution, material circulation and functions among ecological systems), external interaction conditions (carbon sink, DNA propagation) and the like in the forest community.
The current construction method of the forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot mainly adopts three modes: 1. dividing the small sample party by using the total station, calculating the angular point coordinates of the small sample party by using indexes such as height difference, azimuth angle, distance and the like, and finally positioning each wood based on the southwest angular point of the small sample party. The method has the advantages of large workload, high requirements on terrains, high difficulty in measuring non-sighted areas, complex terrains in mountain areas due to more barriers in forests in actual working conditions, and time and labor waste in establishing large fixed observation sample areas with areas above 5 hectares. Moreover, as the relative coordinates are obtained, if absolute coordinates are needed, local control points are also needed to be used for correction, errors are easy to generate in the operation process, and the operation process is limited to the control point coordinate system, so that real-time conversion of the coordinate system cannot be performed. 2. The GPS measurement is adopted, but the existing GPS measurement has higher requirements on environment, needs to be used for acquiring GPS signals on a wide field, cannot meet the open condition due to higher forest canopy density in actual measurement work, has high difficulty in weak measurement of received signals, has poor GPS measurement precision due to the problems of atmospheric refraction, instrument precision and the like, and is not suitable for forest fixed sample site measurement. 3. And (5) carrying out fixed sample layout by using a forest compass. The area of the sample plot which is generally laid by the method is 20 multiplied by 30 meters, and the boundary of the sample plot is measured by measuring azimuth angles of four directions and combining the modes of slope change and the like. The method can not lay a fixed forest biodiversity observation sample plot with the area of more than 1 hectare, and the sample plot has the defects of large closing difference, poor precision, need of cutting lines at boundaries, and time and labor waste in workload.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high total station measurement difficulty, low GPS measurement precision and the like in the conventional forest biodiversity monitoring fixed sample plot measurement work, the invention provides a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot measurement method, which is an RTK (Real-time kinetic) forest fixed sample plot measurement method based on CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) service, can realize Real-time positioning, has small limit on terrain conditions, can achieve centimeter level in measurement precision, has high measurement efficiency, and can be used for laying and measuring 25 hectares of large sample plots within half month according to actual operation conditions.
The invention provides a measuring method for a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot in a selected forest typical area, and collecting two initial coordinate points;
step 2: importing two initial coordinate points into an ArcGIS, dividing a forest biodiversity fixed monitoring sample plot by utilizing the ArcGIS according to the distance requirement of the small sample plots determined by a monitoring scheme to form a plurality of small sample plots, and extracting the angular point coordinates of each small sample plot;
step 3: and selecting lofting points by using RTKs according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, and completing measurement work according to the lofting points and a preset lofting error.
Further, the setting process of the lofting error includes:
firstly setting engineering, a coordinate system and elevation, and then calculating a total error range according to the area of a sample area;
and distributing lofting errors of the corresponding lofting points according to the total error range.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
step 3.1: according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, calculating X, Y coordinates of the angular point in a preset coordinate system;
step 3.2: introducing X, Y coordinates of each corner point into RTK, and adding the introduction points into a sample point library in batches;
step 3.3: selecting a point from the sample point library as a lofting point to start measurement, and measuring within a certain distance range from the lofting point according to a prompt sent by a measuring instrument and within an error allowable range;
step 3.4: after the measurement of the current lofting point is completed, the next lofting point is automatically determined according to the distance, or the next lofting point is manually selected from a lofting point library, and the step 3.3 is repeated until the measurement of all the lofting points is completed.
Further, step 3 further includes:
in the measuring process, every time a lofting point is captured by a measuring instrument, a PVC pipe is inserted into a corresponding position to mark, so that boundary monitoring auxiliary equipment can be buried in the position of the PVC pipe later.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is different from the original technical flow, and the working efficiency is greatly improved by using a method of preparing data and then measuring and positioning; the measurement process can be divided into groups for working, the instrument is simple, single person operation can be realized, and manpower and material resources are saved; the positioning only focuses on the measurement of a single point location, does not require the viewing, and reduces the operation difficulty.
The invention adopts a real-time dynamic differential positioning method to improve the error problem in the traditional measurement, can realize centimeter-level measurement, has no accumulation of errors in the working process, has controllable single-point measurement precision errors, greatly improves the measurement precision and reduces the positioning error.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the loft point provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of loft points and measurement results provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample, including the following steps:
s101: collecting two initial coordinate points in a selected forest biodiversity fixed observation sample area;
s102: two initial coordinate points are led into an ArcGIS, one side of a rectangle can be determined according to the two points, the ArcGIS is utilized to divide a forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot according to the distance requirement of the small sample plot determined by a monitoring scheme, a plurality of small sample plots are formed, and the angular point coordinates of each small sample plot are extracted;
specifically, the shape and the size of the sample square are set according to the size of the sample area and the actual requirement, the small sample square formed by cutting is convenient to observe and record, and a comparison group can be formed between different small sample squares for comparison.
S103: and selecting lofting points by using RTKs according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, and completing measurement work according to the lofting points and a preset lofting error.
Specifically, as an implementation manner, the present step includes the following substeps:
s1031: according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, calculating X, Y coordinates of the angular point in a preset coordinate system;
specifically, the calculation based on the plane coordinates can overcome the difficulty of plane rotation of the inclined plane, directly calculate the plane distance and improve the operation convenience. It can be understood that the corresponding coordinate system can be set according to the requirement before starting the work, and the real-time measurement under the corresponding coordinate can be realized. The method can be converted into a local coordinate system through point correction, is convenient for actual operation, has no forcing in the correction process, and can utilize the calculated parameters for correction before and after measurement.
S1032: introducing X, Y coordinates of each corner point into RTK, and adding the introduction points into a sample point library in batches;
specifically, RTK forest sample land measurement based on CORS service is calculated in real time through network base station and mobile station GPS signals, and the effect of accurate measurement can be achieved in high-shielding and high-coverage forests. Aiming at the condition of no network, the method can work in a mode of adding a base station and a mobile station, the base station is erected on an open area, the mobile station is connected with the base station through a mode of a radio station, and the mobile station performs real-time joint calculation with a GPS signal received simultaneously, so as to obtain a calculation coordinate, and perform accurate positioning.
S1033: selecting a point from the sample point library as a lofting point to start measurement, and measuring within a certain distance range from the lofting point according to a prompt sent by a measuring instrument and within an error allowable range;
s1034: after the measurement of the current lofting point is completed, the next lofting point is automatically determined according to the distance, or the next lofting point is manually selected from the lofting point library, and the step S1033 is repeated until the measurement of all the lofting points is completed.
Specifically, as can be seen from step S1033 and step S1034, in the embodiment of the invention, each measurement only involves a single coordinate point, and the effect of single calculation accuracy of a single measurement is achieved by using lofting.
As an implementation manner, the setting process of the lofting error includes:
firstly setting engineering, a coordinate system and elevation, and then calculating a total error range according to the area of a sample area;
and distributing lofting errors of the corresponding lofting points according to the total error range.
In addition, in order to facilitate the subsequent monitoring operation, the following steps may be further performed in step S103: during the measurement, every time the measuring instrument captures a lofting point, a PVC pipe is inserted into a corresponding position to mark, so that boundary monitoring auxiliary equipment (such as cement piles) can be buried in the position of the PVC pipe later.
According to the measuring method provided by the embodiment of the invention, initial coordinate points are collected in a selected sampling area, a large sampling area is segmented by utilizing ArcGIS according to the distance requirement of a small sampling area determined by a monitoring scheme, a required small sampling area is formed, coordinates are calculated for the formed sampling area angle points, the coordinate points are imported into RTK according to a corresponding format, the import points are selected as lofting points, the lofting errors are set, the lofting points are used for completing measuring work, PVC pipes are buried in the corresponding lofting points, and cement piles are arranged at corresponding positions to complete construction work of the sampling area. The invention can realize the rapid measurement of the sample plot, has simple operation process and simplifies the construction process of the forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot; in addition, the measuring precision is high, error factors are not accumulated, each measurement only involves a single coordinate point, the effect of single measuring and single calculating precision is achieved by using lofting, and the measuring precision of the construction of a sample plot is improved; meanwhile, RTK measurement based on CORS service can overcome the interference of complex terrains, does not require mutual viewing of square and corner points, and can realize real-time correction of positioning to improve measurement accuracy through a satellite network and a control point network base station.
Example 2
In the measuring method provided by the invention, the lofting is not limited in the construction work of the forest biodiversity fixed observation sample plot, any terrain can be overcome, and the method can be operated in any region in the whole country. By way of example, the measuring method of the invention is used below to measure and build a large sample of forest biodiversity of 25 hectares in the forest region of the yu Bay of the national level natural protection area of Funiu mountain.
It should be noted that the measurement work is affected by weather factors, and the received signal is weak and the observation quality is poor under the condition of thicker cloud layer, so that clear weather should be selected during measurement, the cloud layer is in a shorter period, and the optimal observation time is selected between 9:00 and 16:00 in one day.
In the embodiment of the invention, the construction of 25 hectares of the forest region of the Longgu bay of the national level natural protection region of the Funiu mountain is carried out by using the RTK of the Hua-Jib X6 inertial navigation system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
first, loft point preparation
S201: observing the terrain at the selected hectare sample site, determining the azimuth of the large sample site according to species distribution and environmental status, collecting the boundary angular point of the sample site and another point on the boundary, and recording the point coordinates.
S202: and (3) importing the two collected coordinate points into an ArcGIS, connecting the two coordinate points to form a rectangular side, drawing the length of 500 meters, drawing the other side of a large sample land with the length of 500 meters in the vertical direction of the boundary corner point, dividing the boundary into twenty-five equal parts according to the length requirement of 20 meters of a small sample square, selecting an intersection point as a sample square corner point according to the drawn sample square graph, and calculating coordinates conforming to an RTK format according to the coordinates of the sample square corner point.
S203: and exporting the calculated coordinate points into RTKs according to corresponding formats, and adding the coordinate points into a sample point library in batches, as shown in FIG. 2.
(II) loft measurement
S204: after parameters such as engineering, coordinate system, elevation and the like are set, according to the requirement that the perimeter error is less than 0.5%, the error requirement of a 500-meter sample plot is less than 10 meters, error ranges of corresponding 676 points are distributed, and the error value is set to be 0.01 meter according to the calculation result.
S205: and selecting a lofting point to start measurement, sending a prompt by the measuring instrument in a set error range, namely when the measuring instrument is positioned in a range of 0.01 meter of the corresponding coordinate point, and selecting a position as accurate as possible for measurement.
S206: after completing one point, automatically determining the next lofting point according to the distance, or manually selecting the next lofting point until all lofting points are measured, as shown in fig. 3, in fig. 3: the gray circle enclosed by the curve is the measurement result, and the black dot is the lofting dot.
(III) loft Point marking
S207: in the measuring process, every time the instrument captures a lofting point, a PVC pipe mark is inserted into a corresponding position. It should be noted that the corresponding PVC pipe positions will be subsequently embedded into the cement piles as long term boundary aids for subsequent monitoring operations.
According to the invention, a new technology in the mapping industry is introduced into forestry work, and calculation and lofting measurement of the coordinates of the corner points of the sample plot can be realized by combining the graphic function of the ArcGIS with the lofting function of the RTK.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation sample plot, comprising:
step 1: selecting a typical section in a selected forest biodiversity observation area, establishing a fixed sample area, and collecting two initial coordinate points;
step 2: importing two initial coordinate points into an ArcGIS, dividing a forest biodiversity fixed sample land by utilizing the ArcGIS according to the distance requirement of the small sample sides determined by a monitoring scheme to form a plurality of small sample sides, and extracting the angular point coordinates of each small sample side;
step 3: according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, a lofting point is selected by using an RTK, and the measurement work is completed according to the lofting point and a preset lofting error, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: according to the angular point coordinates of each small sample side, calculating X, Y coordinates of the angular point in a preset coordinate system;
step 3.2: introducing X, Y coordinates of each corner point into RTK, and adding the introduction points into a sample point library in batches;
step 3.3: selecting a point from the sample point library as a lofting point to start measurement, and measuring within a certain distance range from the lofting point according to a prompt sent by a measuring instrument and within an error allowable range;
step 3.4: after the measurement of the current lofting point is completed, the next lofting point is automatically determined according to the distance, or the next lofting point is manually selected from a lofting point library, and the step 3.3 is repeated until the measurement of all the lofting points is completed.
2. A method for measuring a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation plot according to claim 1, wherein the setting-up procedure of lofting errors comprises:
firstly setting engineering, a coordinate system and elevation, and then calculating a total error range according to the area of a sample area;
and distributing lofting errors of the corresponding lofting points according to the total error range.
3. A method for measuring a forest biodiversity monitoring fixed observation pattern according to claim 1, wherein step 3 further comprises:
in the measuring process, every time a lofting point is captured by a measuring instrument, a PVC pipe is inserted into a corresponding position to mark, so that boundary monitoring auxiliary equipment can be buried in the position of the PVC pipe later.
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