CN115962755A - Earth and stone calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology - Google Patents
Earth and stone calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an earth and stone space calculation method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, wherein an oblique photography three-dimensional model of a measurement area is obtained through the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, the oblique photography three-dimensional model is led into three-dimensional acquisition software, elevation points are acquired to generate a digital elevation model, finally, the digital elevation model is led into terrain and cadastral mapping software, boundary drawing and elevation labeling are carried out on areas with different elevations, and earth and stone space calculation is completed; for the traditional earth and rock volume measurement method, the method is based on the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, is more flexible and is not limited by terrain; the data acquisition efficiency is high, the field operation workload is small, the personnel investment is reduced, the measurement cost is saved, and the advantages are more obvious when the measurement area is larger; and when the terrain elevation data are measured, the image data are obtained, the calculation range of the earth and stone volume can be defined more accurately, and the calculation precision is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an earth and rock calculation method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology.
Background
The earth and stone volume measurement is an important content of civil engineering design and planning, and plays an important role in budget and settlement of civil projects.
Conventional earth and rockfill measuring methods include level measurement, total station measurement, and GPS measurement (i.e., RTK handbook method). The leveling instrument measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the elevation of each corner point of a square grid which is distributed in a measuring area in advance by using a leveling instrument, and calculating the volume of earth and stone; the method has single applicability, cannot be used for measuring areas unsuitable for arranging square grids, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The total station measurement method has the advantages of simple operation and low instrument requirement, is suitable for a measurement area with small measurement area and good visibility, but has low application efficiency in an unsuitable measurement area. The GPS measurement method is more applied in the existing earth and rock volume surveying and mapping method, is not limited by distance and visibility, has higher measurement efficiency and precision than a total station measurement method, but is limited when buildings, trees, electromagnetic fields and the like influence GPS signals in a measurement area; and the GPS measurement method has longer data acquisition field period, the precision is greatly influenced by the experience of a surveying and mapping person, the procedure is more complicated, meanwhile, in the face of complex terrain, part of areas are difficult to reach, the limited factors of surveying and mapping are more, and the field operation has certain danger.
The earth and stone volume measuring method in the prior art is greatly influenced by places, low in efficiency and high in labor cost, and an efficient, safe and economic measuring method is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that an earth and rock space measuring method in the prior art is greatly influenced by a field, low in efficiency and high in labor cost, and accordingly provides an earth and rock space calculating method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology.
An earth and rock calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology comprises the following steps:
step S1.1: performing site survey and unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, planning a survey area and deriving a geographic data file of the boundary of a flight area;
step S1.2: arranging image control points in a measuring area, and collecting coordinates of the image control points;
step S1.3: importing the geographic data file into an unmanned aerial vehicle, connecting a network RTK (real-time kinematic) to carry out aerial flight, and acquiring an aerial photo;
step S2.1: importing the aerial photography photo into live-action three-dimensional modeling software for aerial triangulation calculation, pricking an image control point on the aerial photography photo, carrying out aerial triangulation calculation again, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction after an aerial triangulation model is correct and an aerial triangulation report meets the precision requirement, and outputting an oblique photography three-dimensional model;
step S2.2: importing the oblique photography three-dimensional model into three-dimensional acquisition software, and performing elevation point acquisition to generate a digital elevation model;
step S2.3: and importing the digital elevation model into topographic cadastral mapping software, drawing boundaries and marking elevations of areas with different design elevations in the digital elevation model, and calculating earthwork calculated quantity by adopting a square grid method.
Further, in the step S1.1, the flight area is greater than the survey area by 10%.
Further, in step S1.2, the method further includes: and arranging check points in the measuring area, and collecting coordinates of the check points.
Further, in step S1.3, the method further includes: and after the aerial flight is finished, checking the quality of aerial photos, and if the quality does not reach the standard, supplementing the aerial flight.
Further, in the step S2.1, the method further includes: and importing the check point into three-dimensional modeling software, and checking the precision of aerial triangulation.
Further, in step S2.2, the method further includes: in the process of collecting the elevation points, the elevation points of the non-ground point examples are removed, and the elevation points of the ground point examples are interpolated.
Further, in the step S2.3, square grid earthwork calculation range order calculation is performed on each area with different design elevations, a calculation table is output, and excavation, filling and summarizing are performed on the calculation table data, so that an earthwork calculation amount result is obtained.
Has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional oblique photography model of a measurement area through an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, importing the three-dimensional oblique photography model into three-dimensional acquisition software, acquiring elevation points to generate a digital elevation model, importing the digital elevation model into topographic cadastral mapping software, drawing boundaries and marking elevations of different areas related to elevations, and calculating the earth and rock volume; for the traditional earth and rock volume measurement method, the method is based on the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, is more flexible and is not limited by terrain; the data acquisition efficiency is high, the field operation workload is small, the personnel investment is reduced, the measurement cost is saved, and the advantages are more obvious when the measurement area is large; in addition, when the terrain elevation data is measured, the image data is obtained, the calculation range of the earth and stone volume can be defined more accurately, and the calculation precision is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the main method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an earth and stone computation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography, including the following steps:
step S1.1: performing site survey and unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, planning a survey area and deriving a geographic data file of the boundary of a flight area;
step S1.2: arranging image control points in a measuring area, and collecting coordinates of the image control points;
step S1.3: importing the geographic data file into an unmanned aerial vehicle, connecting a network RTK (real-time kinematic) to carry out aerial flight, and acquiring an aerial photo;
step S2.1: importing the aerial photography photo into live-action three-dimensional modeling software for aerial triangulation calculation, pricking an image control point on the aerial photography photo, carrying out aerial triangulation calculation again, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction after an aerial three-dimensional model is correct and an aerial three-dimensional report meets the precision requirement, and outputting an oblique photography three-dimensional model;
step S2.2: importing the oblique photography three-dimensional model into three-dimensional acquisition software, and performing elevation point acquisition to generate a digital elevation model;
step S2.3: and importing the digital elevation model into topographic cadastral mapping software, drawing boundaries and marking elevations of areas with different design elevations in the digital elevation model, and calculating the earthwork calculated amount by adopting a square grid method.
Specifically, in step S1.1: preliminarily determining the positions of the flight boundary, the flight height, the overlapping degree, the backswing point and the image control point of the oblique photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle by carrying out site reconnaissance on a survey area site and the surrounding landform thereof; the height of high and large obstacles in and around the detection area is further sensed through unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, and the flying height is determined; according to a plan view of a survey area, on-site survey and a structure of unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, the oblique photography operation characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle are considered, the boundary of a flight area is drawn on a three-dimensional geographic information platform, the area of the flight area is larger than 10% of the area of the survey area, and a geographic data file is exported. In this embodiment, the preferred three-dimensional geographic information platform is the map of the New Earth, and the derived geographic data file format is KML.
In step S1.2: according to the characteristics of a measuring area, 12 image control points are arranged in a planned and staggered mode in the measuring area range, wherein 4 points are used as control point pricking point adjustment and coordinate conversion, 8 points are used as check points for checking the precision of the space three (the image control points are divided into the control points and the check points, the control points are used for optimizing the precision of the space three, the precision of a model can be improved, the conversion of a local coordinate system or an 85-altitude system can be realized, only the control points need pricking points, the check points are used for checking the precision of the space three, the precision can be quantitatively evaluated through the check points), the 12 points are uniformly arranged in the measuring area, fixed, smooth, clear, shadow-free and shelterless areas are selected for marking, and corresponding point numbers are marked at the same time of the marking points; and (5) spraying paint by using the target sample plate to finish the positioning mark of the image control point. Utilize the RTK handbook with outside the place municipal administration local coordinate system point guide to survey the district in, carry out coordinate acquisition to every image control point to record of shooing every image control point and its all ring edge borders, the later stage of being convenient for prick the point and find a point.
In step S1.3: importing a geographic data file comprising flight area information into the unmanned aerial vehicle, carrying out compass calibration and tripod head attitude calibration on the unmanned aerial vehicle, setting an oblique photography flight model, setting corresponding flight parameters, flight height, overlapping degree and the like determined in the step S1.1, and setting and connecting a network RTK (real time kinematic) to carry out program flight. In the unmanned aerial vehicle flight process, aim at unmanned aerial vehicle with the remote controller antenna all the time, avoid the communication to break off, ensure that the picture signaling connection is smooth and easy. And after the repeated take-off and return voyage are finished, browsing the quality of the aerial photo, and if more fuzzy photos or RTK abnormal photos exist, performing fly-back. In this embodiment, the network RTK is preferably a kilo-hunt network RTK.
In step S2.1: importing aerial photos into live-action three-dimensional modeling software to perform aerial triangulation calculation, checking calculation results, pricking image control points (control points) on aerial photos, performing aerial triangulation calculation again, checking reports of aerial triangulation calculation, performing three-dimensional reconstruction when the precision meets the requirements, and outputting an oblique photography three-dimensional model; in this embodiment, the live-action three-dimensional modeling software is preferably contextcapturelocator 4.47, and the output oblique photography three-dimensional model format is OSGB.
In step S2.2: importing the oblique photography three-dimensional model into three-dimensional acquisition software, performing elevation point acquisition, removing non-ground points such as on-site machinery, a power transmission tower, trees and the like, interpolating elevation points, and performing precision rechecking on 8 check points to generate a digital elevation model after the elevation point acquisition is completed; in this embodiment, the three-dimensional acquisition software is preferably CASS3D.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the digital elevation model and the original survey design total plan with the elevation points are synchronously sampled and rechecked. And carrying out error analysis, namely precision analysis on the horizontal coordinate and the elevation of the check point at the corresponding position acquired on the model and the check point acquired in field.
In step S2.3: importing the digital elevation model into topographic cadastral mapping software, opening a basic general plan to draw boundaries of areas with different design elevations, drawing boundaries of slope areas, marking absolute 1985 elevation elevations of each area, finally performing square grid earthwork calculation range order calculation on each design elevation area, outputting a calculation table and a square grid, and finally summarizing. In the present embodiment, the topography mapping software is preferably CASS 10.
According to the earthwork calculation method based on the oblique photography technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the oblique photography three-dimensional model of a measurement area is obtained through the oblique photography technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the oblique photography three-dimensional model is led into three-dimensional acquisition software, a digital elevation model is generated by acquiring elevation points, finally the digital elevation model is led into topography and cadastral mapping software, boundary drawing and elevation marking are carried out on areas with different involved elevations, and calculation of the earthwork amount is completed; for the traditional earth and rock volume measurement method, the method is based on the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, is more flexible and is not limited by terrain; the data acquisition efficiency is high, the workload of field operation is small, the personnel investment is reduced, the measurement cost is saved, and the advantages are more obvious when the measurement area with a larger measurement area is measured; and when the terrain elevation data are measured, the image data are obtained, the calculation range of the earth and stone volume can be defined more accurately, and the calculation precision is further improved.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions and obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (7)
1. An earth and rock calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1.1: performing site survey and unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, planning a survey area and deriving a geographic data file of the boundary of a flight area;
step S1.2: arranging image control points in a measurement area, and collecting coordinates of the image control points;
step S1.3: importing the geographic data file into an unmanned aerial vehicle, connecting a network RTK (real-time kinematic) to carry out aerial flight, and acquiring an aerial photo;
step S2.1: importing the aerial photography photo into live-action three-dimensional modeling software for aerial triangulation calculation, pricking an image control point on the aerial photography photo, carrying out aerial triangulation calculation again, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction after an aerial triangulation model is correct and an aerial triangulation report meets the precision requirement, and outputting an oblique photography three-dimensional model;
step S2.2: importing the oblique photography three-dimensional model into three-dimensional acquisition software, and performing elevation point acquisition to generate a digital elevation model;
step S2.3: and importing the digital elevation model into terrain and land through mapping software, drawing boundaries and marking elevations of areas with different design elevations in the digital elevation model, and calculating earth and rock computation amount by adopting a square grid method.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1.1, the flight area is greater than 10% of the survey area.
3. The method for earth and stone calculation based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1.2, the method further comprises: and arranging check points in the measuring area, and collecting coordinates of the check points.
4. The method for earth square calculus based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography of claim 1, wherein in step S1.3, further comprising: after the aerial flight is finished, the quality of aerial photos is checked, and the aerial flight is supplemented if the quality does not reach the standard.
5. The method for earth and stone computation based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography of claim 3, wherein in step S2.1, further comprising: and importing the check point into three-dimensional modeling software, and checking the precision of aerial triangulation.
6. The method for earth and stone computation based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography of claim 1, wherein in step S2.2, further comprising: in the process of collecting the elevation points, the elevation points which are not the ground points are removed, and the elevation points of the ground points are interpolated.
7. The method for earthwork calculation based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography according to claim 1, wherein in step S2.3, square grid earthwork calculation range order calculation is performed on each area with different design elevations, a calculation table is output, and excavation and filling of the calculation table data are summarized to obtain an earthwork calculation result.
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