CN113968735A - 一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，具体步骤为：制备二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒,将二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒颗粒、TiC、MgO、Al2O3按照一定比例加入到乙醇当中进行超声分散得到悬浮混合物。将悬浮混合物倒入球磨机中，进行球磨36‑72h。将球磨液进行真空干燥直至完全干燥。将干燥之后的粉末加入成型剂造粒后装入模具中进行压制成型，并将其进行高温烧结，然后进行抛光即得刀具。本申请采用了核壳结构将石墨烯量子点和CaF2包裹起来，防止其CaF2长大破坏刀具的晶体结构，同时，将石墨烯和CaF2复合在一起，让刀具在不同温度都具有良好的自润滑效果，而且石墨烯具有良好的导热性能，可以进一步延长刀具在高温中的切割寿命。
Description
本申请涉及刀具的制备方法领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法。
背景技术
目前刀具经常性出现在生活的各方各面当中，刀具常常应用在切割各种合金和金属上，而切割钢材时产生的高温会使得刀具膨胀，影响切割性能，同时，不同温度下的润滑材料有不一样摩擦系数，而切割不同材料时候产生的温度不同，所以制备一种宽温域自润滑且导热性强刀具具有极大的应用价值。
专利《添加球形纳米二氧化硅包覆六方氮化硼复合粉体的自润滑陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法》(CN201510309634.X)采用球形纳米二氧化硅包覆六方氮化硼复合粉体的复合粉末对刀具进行制备，在保证润滑剂不影响刀具其他性能的同时提供自润滑效果，但是，其在500℃-800℃具有良好自润滑效果，当高于该温度区间其润滑性能会下降，会引起刀具切割寿命的下降。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，用该方法制备的刀具具有良好的导热性能和宽温域自润滑性能。
一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将石墨烯和CaF2按照1:0.2-0.8的比较加入到乙醇当中进行转速1000r/min-2500r/min温度为60℃-90℃的机械搅拌8-12h后得石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液。
(2)在100ml-500ml石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液中加入氨水调节PH值至8-9，以450r/min-800r/min搅拌速度下升温至50℃-95℃，并逐滴加入正硅酸乙酯至溶液出现泛蓝，然后才将正硅酸乙酯快速滴加，反应4-24h，在10000r/min-13000r/min的试管沉淀物，40℃-80℃真空干燥，得到二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒。
(3)将2-30％二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒、5-75％TiC、0.2-10％MgO、10-80％Al2O3加入到乙醇当中进行超声分散，得到悬浮混合物，并进行球磨36-48h，并在50℃-80℃下真空干燥，得到混合粉末。
(4)将混合粉末加入0.2％-1％的成型剂，进行装入模具中进行压制成型，经过1000℃-1500℃高温烧结，保温时间为10min-70min，升温速率为10℃/min-20℃/min。
(5)降温至室温25℃-30℃，利用抛光机进行抛光打磨，即得刀具。
所述步骤(1)中，石墨烯为多层氧化石墨烯，所述的CaF2的粒径为20nm-350nm之间。
所述步骤(1)中，石墨烯/CaF2的悬浮液是CaF2以纳米颗粒的形式附着于氧化石墨烯表面。
所述步骤(2)中，二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒为核壳结构，以石墨烯/CaF2为核，SiO2为外壳。
所述步骤(4)中，成型剂为聚乙二醇、石蜡、硬脂酸一种或者任意组合。
所述步骤(5)中，抛光机打磨速率为300r/min-800r/min。
本发明具有如下好处：
1.CaF2在250℃-700℃以下具有良好润滑性能，但是到了1000℃以上润滑性大幅度下降，而石墨烯在高温状态下可以在刀具上能够有效形成润滑层，提供良好的润滑性，所以采用石墨烯和CaF2两种材料作为润滑剂，使得刀具宽温域的润滑性能。
2.在配方中加入了石墨烯材料，有利于切割时作为导热材料，防止刀具过分膨胀，有效延长刀具切割寿命。
3.采用核壳结构用化学稳定性强的二氧化硅薄膜包裹润滑剂，防止在制备中润滑剂石墨烯与CaF2分离与破坏，同时，防止了颗粒的囤聚，有利于将二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒均匀分散在胚体当中。
具体实施方式
上述结果可知，本申请的刀具具有宽温域的润滑性能，而且有良好的导热性，在高温时的膨胀系数低，具有较长的切割寿命。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例1
将石墨烯和CaF2按照1:0.2的比例加入到乙醇当中进行转速1000r/min温度为60℃的机械搅拌8后得石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液；在100ml石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液中加入氨水调节PH值至8，以450r/min搅拌速度下升温至50℃，并逐滴加入正硅酸乙酯至溶液出现泛蓝，然后才将正硅酸乙酯快速滴加，反应4h，在10000r/min的试管沉淀物，40℃℃真空干燥，得到二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒粉末；将质量分数为20％的二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒、50％TiC、2％MgO、28％Al2O3加入到乙醇当中进行超声分散，得到悬浮混合物，并进行球磨36h，并在50℃下真空干燥，得到混合粉末；将混合粉末加入0.5％的成型剂，进行装入模具中进行压制成型，经过1300℃高温烧结，保温时间为30min，升温速率为10℃/min；降温至室温25℃，利用抛光机进行抛光打磨，即得刀具。
实施例2
将石墨烯和CaF2按照1:0.6的比例加入到乙醇当中进行转速1500r/min温度为75℃的机械搅拌10h后得石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液；在300ml石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液中加入氨水调节PH值至9，以600r/min搅拌速度下升温至75℃，并逐滴加入正硅酸乙酯至溶液出现泛蓝，然后才将正硅酸乙酯快速滴加，反应16h，在11500r/min的试管沉淀物，60℃真空干燥，得到二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒粉末；将以下质量分数的物质加入到到乙醇当中进行超声分散：16％的二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒、45％TiC、5％MgO、50％Al2O3，得到悬浮混合物，并进行球磨42h，并在60℃下真空干燥，得到混合粉末；将混合粉末加入质量分数为0.5％的聚乙二醇，进行装入模具中进行压制成型，经过1300℃高温烧结，保温时间为50min，升温速率为15℃/min；降温至室温27℃，利用抛光机进行抛光打磨，即得刀具。
实施案例3
将石墨烯和CaF2按照1：0.8的比例加入到乙醇当中进行转速2500r/min温度为90℃的机械搅拌12h后得石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液；在500ml石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液中加入氨水调节PH值至9，以800r/min搅拌速度下升温至95℃，并逐滴加入正硅酸乙酯至溶液出现泛蓝，然后才将正硅酸乙酯快速滴加，反应24h，在13000r/min的试管沉淀物，80℃真空干燥，得到二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒；将质量分数为30％的二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒40％TiC、10％MgO、20％Al2O3加入到乙醇当中进行超声分散，得到悬浮混合物，并进行球磨48h，并在80℃下真空干燥，得到混合粉末；将混合粉末加入质量分数均为1％的聚乙二醇、石蜡、硬脂酸的混合物进行混合，进行装入模具中进行压制成型，经过1500℃高温烧结，保温时间为70min，升温速率为20℃/min；降温至室温30℃，利用抛光机进行抛光打磨，即得刀具。
对比例1
制备10kg金属陶瓷粉末原料，称取9.8kg金属陶瓷粉末，包括如下质量百分比的组分：TiNC:75％,Cr2C3:8％,MoC2:1.2％,Ni:13％,Y:0.8％。将上述粉末高能球磨2H,球磨完成后在真空下干燥，干燥温度为70℃，干燥时间为4h。往真空干燥后的体系中加入成型剂PEG后喷雾造粒成压制成形料，然后进行加压成型，压力为50吨，加压成型时间为2min，得到坯体。将坯体在1400℃下热等静炉中烧结8h，最后对表面进行粗磨与细磨，对打磨后的刀具表面利用金刚石研磨膏进行抛光，开韧，得到成品金属陶瓷刀具。
对比例2
混合配料，取ZrO2占50％、Al2O3占20％；Si3N4占25％、TiO2占3.75％、Mn占0.07％、Si占0.08％、S占1.00％、P占0.1％等材料称量并充分均匀混合，经过球磨→振磨→球磨→加胶→球磨等混料制程，将材料磨成1000～1500目的粉体材料；压制坯体，以200～400吨的压力成形压制上述之纳米粉体材料成陶瓷刀坯体；坯体排胶，将所制得的刀具坯体进行脱胶处理；刀片成型，刀具坯体在经过800～1380℃气氛保护烧结与热等静压处理后得到陶瓷刀片；刀口刃磨，将陶瓷刀片刀刃做磨利处理即可。
对比例3
分别称量按摩尔比为Co(NO3)2：0.1、Al2O3：0.89，Y2O3：0.01，进行配料；将所配制的粉料进行球磨混料；将混合好的料烘干，过筛；将过筛的料在700℃真空中还原煅烧，并保温20小时；将上述处理后的料进行粉碎、过筛；将上述粉碎过筛后的粉料在1500℃，氩气气氛，热压烧结1小时。将烧好的陶瓷材料进行切割、表面加工，制成切削用陶瓷刀具。
性能检测试验
采用HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层进行摩擦磨损性能研究，摩擦副选用球盘－摩擦副，摩擦副材料为Si3N4，直径为6mm。摩擦磨损参数为：载荷2N，摩擦半径为4mm，转速为560rpm，温度为常温，摩擦时间为10min。
检测结果如下表所示：
Claims (6)
1.一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将石墨烯和CaF2按照1:0.2-1：0.8的比例加入到乙醇当中进行转速1000r/min-2500r/min温度为60℃-90℃的机械搅拌8-12h后得石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液；
(2)在100ml-500ml石墨烯/CaF2悬浮液中加入氨水调节PH值至8-9，以450r/min-800r/min搅拌速度下升温至50℃-95℃，并逐滴加入正硅酸乙酯至溶液出现泛蓝，然后才将正硅酸乙酯快速滴加，反应4-24h，在10000r/min-13000r/min的试管沉淀物，40℃-80℃真空干燥，得到二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒粉末；
(3)将质量分数为2-30％的二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒、5-75％TiC、0.2-10％MgO、10-80％Al2O3加入到乙醇当中进行超声分散，得到悬浮混合物，并进行球磨36-48h，并在50℃-80℃下真空干燥，得到混合粉末；
(4)将混合粉末加入0.2％-1％的成型剂，进行装入模具中进行压制成型，经过1000℃-1500℃高温烧结，保温时间为10min-70min，升温速率为10℃/min-20℃/min；
(5)降温至室温25℃-30℃，利用抛光机进行抛光打磨，即得刀具。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中的石墨烯为多层氧化石墨烯，所述的CaF2的粒径为20nm-350nm之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中的石墨烯/CaF2的悬浮液是CaF2以纳米颗粒的形式附着于氧化石墨烯表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中的二氧化硅包裹石墨烯/CaF2颗粒粉末为核壳结构，以石墨烯/CaF2为核，SiO2为外壳。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法,其特征在于：所述步骤4中的成型剂为聚乙二醇、石蜡、硬脂酸一种或者任意组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有良好导热性宽温域自润滑刀具的制备方法,其特征在于：所述步骤5中的抛光机打磨速率为300r/min-800r/min。
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