CN113955998A - 一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113955998A
CN113955998A CN202111433925.1A CN202111433925A CN113955998A CN 113955998 A CN113955998 A CN 113955998A CN 202111433925 A CN202111433925 A CN 202111433925A CN 113955998 A CN113955998 A CN 113955998A
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祁涛
夏维学
张小磊
陈杨
李明星
邵保国
伍佳
刘清名
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Sinohydro Bureau 7 Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土(STC)及制备方法。由以下质量份数的材料制成:水泥800份,细集料1000~1040份,矿物掺合料250~280份,纳米材料20~24份,钢纤维180~200份,内养护剂3~5份,减水剂12~16份,水270~280份;本发明混凝土掺加纳米碳酸钙,降低硅灰掺量,保证混凝土性能;掺加高吸水树脂,增加附加水胶比,既减小了混凝土收缩,又可用于内部自养护;同时加入硅酸二钙含量偏高的水泥及粉煤灰、钢纤维等材料可抑制混凝土早期收缩;制备中,钢纤维采用钢纤维分散器辅助保证钢纤维分散均匀且乱向分布;先干拌后湿拌可保证钢纤维在掺合料中被强烈分散,分散性好;湿拌中采用振动搅拌增强掺料颗粒运动破坏黏聚的水泥、纤维团,拌合更均匀。

Description

一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及混凝土配制技术领域,具体是一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土(STC)配比及制备方法。
背景技术
超高性能混凝土(ST)是由水泥、矿物掺合料、细集料、钢纤维和减水剂等材料或由上述材料制成干混料先加水拌合,再经凝结硬化后形成的一种具有高抗弯强度、高韧性、高耐久性的水泥基复合材料,近年被广泛应用于桥梁、道路、土建结构等混凝土工程中。
但由于高性能混凝土水胶比偏低、水泥含量高、活性粉末掺量大,导致混凝土自收缩性较大,混凝土硬化期间极易产生收缩裂缝;且拌和过程中钢纤维极易成团,导致混凝土硬化期间内部应力不均,也易产生收缩裂缝。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土(STC)配比及制备方法,以解决高性能混凝土易产生收缩裂缝及拌和过程中钢纤维易成团问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,由以下质量份数的材料制成:
水泥:800份;
细集料:1000~1040份;
矿物掺合料:250~280份;
纳米材料:20~24份;
钢纤维:180~200份;
内养护剂:3~5份;
减水剂:12~16份;
水:270~280份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述水泥为硅酸二钙含量不低于40wt%的硅酸盐水泥;
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述细集料由石英粉、石英砂混合而成,且石英粉与石英砂的质量比例为1:5~6。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述矿物掺合料由硅灰、粉煤灰混合而成,且硅灰与粉煤灰的质量比例为3:4。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述纳米材料为纳米碳酸钙,平均粒径为60nm。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述钢纤维由长度7mm、长径比50与长度13mm、长径比65的波纹型镀铜高强钢纤维混合而成,两种钢纤维质量比例1:1。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述内养护剂采用高吸水树脂(SAP),粒径分布120~200目。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述减水剂采用聚羧酸减水剂,减水率大于30%。
本发明还公开了上述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
S1:按比例将石英砂、石英粉、硅灰、纳米碳酸钙材料混合放入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间90s;
S2:按比例将水泥、粉煤灰材料混合放入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间90s;
S3:按比例将两种钢纤维材料混合放入钢纤维分散器中,由钢纤维分散器搅拌散入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间120s;
S4:最后按比例加入溶有减水剂、高吸水树脂(SAP)的自来水,放入搅拌设备中,振动搅拌180s后出机,从而获得抗收缩性STC超高韧性混凝土。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明在混凝土原材料中,通过掺加纳米碳酸钙材料,降低硅灰掺量(硅灰掺量越高,混凝土收缩越大),以保证混凝土工作性能及力学性能;通过掺加高吸水树脂,利用其一定的吸水量,增加了附加水胶比,既减小了混凝土收缩,又可用于内部自养护;同时加入硅酸二钙含量偏高的水泥、粉煤灰、钢纤维等材料可抑制混凝土早期收缩。
本发明在混凝土制备工艺中,钢纤维掺加采用钢纤维分散器辅助,可保证钢纤维分散均匀且乱向分布;混合料采用先干拌后湿拌工艺,可保证钢纤维在水泥细集料矿物掺合料中被强烈分散,从而分散性好;湿拌过程中采用振动搅拌方式,可增强掺料颗粒运动的同时破坏黏聚在一起的水泥团、纤维团等,使拌合物更加均匀。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明,具体实施方式是对本发明原理的进一步说明,不以任何方式限制本发明,与本发明相同或类似技术均没有超出本发明保护的范围。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明抗收缩性超高韧性混凝土配方中:水泥为硅酸盐含量较高的P.O52.5水泥;石英砂粒径0.9~2mm;石英粉平均粒径50.1um;粉煤灰为I级;硅灰平均粒径88nm,比表面积18.500m2/g;纳米材料为纳米碳酸钙,平均粒径为60nm;钢纤维为长度7mm、长径比50及长度13mm、长径比65的波纹型镀铜高强钢纤维;内养护剂为高吸水树脂(SAP),粒径分布120~200目;减水剂为FOX-8HP型聚羧酸减水剂,减水率大于30%。水为普通自来水。混凝土搅拌采用自行研发的振动搅拌装置。
混凝土力学性能试验按照《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》(GB/T50081)和《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准》(GB/T50082)的相关规定进行。
实施例1
抗收缩性超高韧性混凝土STC各组分的单方用量配比(kg/m3)如下表所示。单方用量配比是指1m3混凝土中各组分的重量比。
Figure BDA0003381121490000041
配制方法:
步骤一:向搅拌机(不开振动)内加入石英砂、石英粉、硅灰、纳米碳酸钙,干拌90s;
步骤二:向搅拌机(不开振动)内加入水泥、粉煤灰,干拌时间90s;
步骤三:向钢纤维分散器内加入钢纤维,同时启动搅拌机(不开振动),干拌120s;
步骤四:向搅拌机(开振动)内加入溶有减水剂、高吸水树脂(SAP)的自来水,湿拌180s后出机,从而获得抗收缩性STC超高韧性混凝土。
经测试,按照上述方法制得的具有高工作性的高韧性混凝土的工作性能和力学性能如下表所示。
Figure BDA0003381121490000051
实施例2
抗收缩性超高韧性混凝土STC各组分的单方用量配比(kg/m3)如下表所示。单方用量配比是指1m3混凝土中各组分的重量比。
Figure BDA0003381121490000052
制备方法同实施例1。
经测试,按照上述方法制得的具有高工作性的高韧性混凝土的工作性能和力学性能如下表所示。
Figure BDA0003381121490000053
综合所述,本发明的抗收缩性STC超高韧性混凝土工作性能及力学性能均满足STC22等级要求。在混凝土原材料中,通过掺加纳米碳酸钙材料,降低硅灰掺量(硅灰掺量越高,混凝土收缩越大),保证了混凝土工作性能及力学性能;通过掺加高吸水树脂,考虑一定的吸水量,增加了附加水胶比,即减小了混凝土收缩,又可用于内部自养护;同时加入硅酸二钙含量偏高的水泥、粉煤灰、钢纤维等材料可抑制混凝土早期收缩。
本发明在混凝土制备工艺中,钢纤维掺加采用钢纤维分散器辅助,可保证钢纤维分散均匀且乱向分布;混合料采用先干拌后湿拌工艺,可保证钢纤维在水泥细集料矿物掺合料中被强烈分散,从而分散性好;湿拌过程中采用振动搅拌方式,可增强掺料颗粒运动的同时破坏黏聚在一起的水泥团、纤维团等,使拌合物更加均匀。

Claims (9)

1.一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于由以下质量份数的材料制成:
水泥:800份;
细集料:1000~1040份;
矿物掺合料:250~280份;
纳米材料:20~24份;
钢纤维:180~200份;
内养护剂:3~5份;
减水剂:12~16份;
水:270~280份。
2.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述水泥为硅酸二钙含量不低于40wt%的硅酸盐水泥。
3.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述细集料由石英粉、石英砂混合而成,且石英粉与石英砂的质量比例为1:5~6。
4.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述矿物掺合料由硅灰、粉煤灰混合而成,且硅灰与粉煤灰的质量比例为3:4。
5.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述纳米材料为纳米碳酸钙,平均粒径为60nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述钢纤维由长度7mm、长径比50与长度13mm、长径比65的波纹型镀铜高强钢纤维混合而成,两种钢纤维质量比例1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述内养护剂采用高吸水树脂(SAP),粒径分布120~200目。
8.根据权利要求1所述抗收缩超高韧性混凝土,其特征在于:所述减水剂采用聚羧酸减水剂,减水率大于30%。
9.一种抗收缩超高韧性混凝土制备方法,其特征在于:混凝土是权利要求1至8任一项所述的抗收缩性超高韧性混凝土,制备步骤如下:
S1:按比例将石英砂、石英粉、硅灰、纳米碳酸钙材料混合放入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间90s;
S2:按比例将水泥、粉煤灰材料混合放入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间90s;
S3:按比例将两种钢纤维材料混合放入钢纤维分散器中,由钢纤维分散器搅拌散入搅拌设备中进行干拌,干拌时间120s;
S4:最后按比例加入溶有减水剂、高吸水树脂(SAP)的自来水,放入搅拌设备中,振动搅拌180s后出机,从而获得抗收缩性STC超高韧性混凝土。
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