CN113950768A - 包括外部短路设备和冷却设备的电池模块系统 - Google Patents

包括外部短路设备和冷却设备的电池模块系统 Download PDF

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CN113950768A
CN113950768A CN202080042275.5A CN202080042275A CN113950768A CN 113950768 A CN113950768 A CN 113950768A CN 202080042275 A CN202080042275 A CN 202080042275A CN 113950768 A CN113950768 A CN 113950768A
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battery module
cooling device
resistor
battery
module system
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柳载旼
文祯晤
辛殷圭
李润九
崔容硕
崔智洵
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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Abstract

根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统包括：冷却设备；电池模块，其被布置在冷却设备上，电池模块与冷却设备直接或间接接触；传感器，其附接到电池模块以感测电池模块的温度或从电池模块产生的气体；电池管理系统，以参考从传感器传输的感测信号输出接通/关断信号；以及外部短路设备，其连接在电池模块的正极和负极之间以引起电池模块的外部短路，外部短路设备包括：电阻器，其被布置在冷却设备上，电阻器与冷却设备直接或间接接触；以及开关，以根据接通/关断信号将电池模块电连接至电阻器/将电池模块与电阻器电隔离。

Description

包括外部短路设备和冷却设备的电池模块系统
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有外部短路设备和冷却设备的电池模块系统，更具体地，涉及一种电池模块系统，其包括：外部短路设备，以将电池模块内部的能量释放到外部以防止过热和/或在电池模块的电池单体中发生的火灾扩散到相邻的电池单体；和冷却设备，以冷却外部短路设备的电阻器。
本申请要求2019年7月8日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0082289号的权益，其公开内容在此通过引用以其整体并入。
背景技术
在包括多个电池单体的电池模块中，当在电池单体中发生诸如短路的故障并且电池单体的温度超过临界温度时，会发生热失控。当发生热失控时，可能会出现安全问题。
当电池单体中发生的热失控导致火焰时，相邻电池单体的温度迅速升高，导致热失控在短时间内传播。
当无法快速应对电池单体中发生的热失控或热失控的可能性时，可能会导致容量大于电池单体的电池模块或电池组发生诸如火灾、爆炸的灾难，造成经济损失和安全问题。
因而，当电池模块内的电池单体中发生热失控或导致热失控的温度升高和/或气体泄漏时，迫切需要快速检测异常情况并将电池模块的能量释放到外部，以防止热失控扩散到相邻的电池模块。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明被设计成解决上述问题，因此，本发明的目标在于快速检测在电池模块内的电池单体中发生的热失控或导致热失控的温度升高和/或气体泄漏，并通过外部短路设备将电池模块内部的能量释放到外部。
另外，本发明的目标在于通过释放的能量快速冷却温度升高的电阻器，以消除由于通过外部短路设备释放能量而可能发生火灾的二次风险。
要解决的技术问题不限于上述问题，本领域技术人员通过以下说明将清楚地理解本文未提及的其他问题。
技术解决方案
为了解决上述问题，根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统包括：冷却设备；电池模块，其被布置在冷却设备上，电池模块与冷却设备直接或间接接触；传感器，其附接到电池模块以感测电池模块的温度或从电池模块产生的气体；电池管理系统(BMS)，以参考从传感器传输的感测信号输出接通/关断信号；以及外部短路设备，其连接在电池模块的正极和负极之间以引起电池模块的外部短路，外部短路设备包括：电阻器，其被布置在冷却设备上，电阻器与冷却设备直接或间接接触；以及开关，以根据接通/关断信号将电池模块电连接至电阻器或将电池模块与电阻器电隔离。
电池模块可以包括通过堆叠多个电池单体形成的单体堆。
电池模块可以包括分别耦合到电池堆的一侧和另一侧的一对汇流条框架。
汇流条框架可以滑动耦合到冷却设备。
冷却设备可以具有在一侧上形成至预定深度的接收凹槽，并且接收凹槽可以填充有导热塑料。
电阻器可以被布置在导热塑料上，并且可以与导热塑料直接或间接接触。
冷却设备可以包括从接收凹槽的底部突出的多个散热片，以最大化冷却设备与导热塑料之间的接触面积。
冷却设备可以包括模块冷却设备和连接到模块冷却设备的电阻器冷却设备，电池模块可以被布置在模块冷却设备上，电阻器可以被布置在电阻器冷却设备上。
电池模块系统可以包括安装在模块冷却设备和电阻器冷却设备之间的阀门，以允许或阻止冷却流体在模块冷却设备和电阻器冷却设备之间流动。
BMS可以参考从传感器传输的感测信号输出阀门打开/关闭信号。
根据本公开的实施例的蓄能系统包括电池模块系统。
根据本公开的实施例的车辆包括电池模块系统。
有利效果
根据本公开的方面，可以快速检测在电池模块内的电池单体中发生的热失控或导致热失控的温度升高和/或气体泄漏，并通过外部短路设备将电池模块内部的能量释放到外部，由此在使用时确保二次电池的安全性。
另外，根据本公开的另一方面，可以通过释放的能量快速冷却温度升高的电阻器，以消除由于通过外部短路设备释放能量而可能发生火灾的二次风险。
附图说明
附图示出了本公开的优选实施例，并且与前述公开内容一起用于提供对本公开的技术精神的进一步理解。然而，本公开不应被解释为限于附图。
图1是示出根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统的概念图。
图2是示出应用于根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统的电池模块的透视图。
图3是示出应用于根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统的电池模块与冷却设备之间的连接关系的视图。
图4是示出根据本公开的实施例的冷却设备与电阻器的连接结构的视图。
图5是示出根据本公开的另一实施例的电池模块系统的概念图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图详细地描述本公开的优选实施例。在说明之前，应理解，说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语或词语不应被解释为限于一般和字典含义，而是应在允许发明人适当地定义术语以获得最佳解释的原则的基础上，基于与本公开的技术方面相对应的含义和概念进行解释。因此，本文所述的实施例和附图中所示的图示只是本公开的一些优选实施例，并不意图完全地描述本公开的技术方面，因此应理解，在提交本申请时可能已经做出了各种其他的等效物和修改。
参考图1，根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统包括电池模块100、冷却设备200、外部短路设备300、传感器400以及电池管理系统(BMS)500。
参考图1和图2，电池模块100被布置在冷却设备200上，并且包括通过堆叠多个电池单体110形成的单体堆(cell stack)和耦合到单体堆两侧中的每一侧的汇流条框架120。
电池模块100与冷却设备200直接或间接接触，并且从电池模块100产生的热通过冷却设备200释放到外部。片型热界面材料(TIM)600可以插入电池模块100和冷却设备200之间，以增加两个组件之间的接触面积。
电池单体110可以包括例如袋型电池单体。电池单体110具有分别沿长度方向延伸穿过两侧的一对电极引线111。
设置了一对汇流条框架120，并且该一对汇流条框架120分别耦合到在其上布置有单体堆的电极引线111的一侧和另一侧。汇流条框架120包括多个汇流条121。电池单体110的电极引线111延伸穿过形成在汇流条121中的狭缝，并且弯曲且通过焊接固定在汇流条121上。多个电极引线111接触/固定到一个汇流条121上，以将多个相邻的电池单体110彼此电连接。
参考图1，冷却设备200被配置成冷却电池模块100和外部短路设备300的电阻器310。冷却设备200可以包括具有冷却通道的散热器，诸如冷却水的冷却流体流经冷却通道。
外部短路设备300连接在电池模块100的正极和负极之间，以在特定条件下引起电池模块100的外部短路，从而实现电池模块100的快速功率消耗。即，外部短路设备300与电池模块100形成外部短路电路。
为了实现这种功能，外部短路设备300包括电阻器310和开关320。电阻器310被布置在冷却设备200上并与冷却设备200直接或间接接触。开关320根据从BMS 500输出的信号与电池模块100电连接或与电池模块100电隔离。电阻器310可以是例如分流电阻器。
当开关320被接通以将电池模块100电连接至电阻器310时，电池模块100的功率通过电阻器310消耗，因而，电阻器310的温度升高。在这种情况下，与电阻器310直接或间接接触的冷却设备200将热从电阻器310移除，并将热释放到外部。片型TIM 600可以插入电阻器310和冷却设备200之间，以增加两个组件之间的接触面积。
传感器400附接到电池模块100，以感测电池模块100的温度或从电池模块产生的气体。即，传感器400是温度传感器或气体泄漏检测传感器。当传感器400是温度传感器时，可以设置多个传感器400，并且多个传感器400可以附接到电池模块100的每个电池单体110。温度传感器可以安装在电池单体110的顶部或底部边缘(密封部分)处。可替选地，温度传感器可以安装在其中布置有单体的电极端子的平台部或其中接收电极组合件的接收部处。可替选地，温度传感器可以安装在被电连接到电池单体110的电极端子的汇流条上。
另外，当传感器400是气体泄漏检测传感器时，可以设置多个传感器400以快速且准确地检测气体泄漏，并且多个传感器400可以附接到不同的位置。
温度传感器可以在一个主体内具有多个温度测量点。例如，温度传感器的主体可以沿着单体堆的多个电池单体的堆叠方向延伸。温度传感器的温度测量点可以被配置成接触多个电池单体的顶部边缘(密封部分)。
当温度测量点处的温度上升到参考温度(60℃：警告，150℃：安全功能运行的温度)以上时，温度传感器被配置成传输(检测)指示电阻变化的信号。
根据本公开的这种配置，当使用在一个主体内具有多个温度测量点的温度传感器时，甚至可能检测出单体堆的单个电池单体中发生的故障，由此提高模块系统的稳定性。此外，由于无需具有用于多个温度测量点的多个温度传感器，所以可以降低电池模块系统的制造成本，简化系统的信号传输网络。
优选地，传感器400包括气体传感器和温度传感器两者，以降低错误概率。
BMS 500参考从传感器400传输的感测信号输出接通/关断信号。另外，BMS 500可以连接到电池模块100以控制电池模块100的充电和放电。
具体地，当在电池模块100中检测到参考温度以上的温度升高或气体泄漏时，BMS500输出接通信号以允许电流在被连接在电池模块100的正极和负极之间的外部短路电路上流动，引起电池模块100的功率消耗。当电池模块100的功率被消耗时，电池模块100的能量减少，由此防止特定电池单体110的过热或起火/爆炸问题扩散到相邻的电池单体110。
在由于电池模块100内的温度升高或气体泄漏而输出接通信号后，当电池模块100的温度低于安全温度或未检测到气体泄漏达预定时间或更长时，BMS 500输出关断信号以阻止电流流经外部短路电路。
参考图3，与图1相反，电池模块100可以通过滑动耦合而紧固到冷却设备200。在这种情况下，汇流条框架120可以具有紧固凹槽120a，并且冷却设备200可以具有紧固突起P，紧固突起P具有对应于紧固凹槽120a的形状和位置。即，电池模块100可以通过紧固凹槽120a和紧固突起P可滑动地耦合到冷却设备200。这里，滑动耦合指示电池模块在耦合到冷却设备200上的同时可以在两个方向上可滑动地移动。
在电池模块100和冷却设备200被配置成使得它们通过其之间的滑动耦合而彼此紧固的情况下，当被插入电池模块100的单体堆与冷却设备200之间的片型TIM 600被单体堆压紧时，电池模块100和冷却设备200可以彼此紧固。当电池模块100和冷却设备200利用处于被压紧状态的TIM 600而彼此紧固时，可以实现电池模块100和冷却设备200之间的牢固耦合，并且单体堆和冷却设备200之间的接触面积可以增大，由此最大化电池模块100的冷却效率。
参考图4，与图1相反，冷却设备200可以具有在一侧形成至预定深度的接收凹槽G，并且接收凹槽G可以填充有导热塑料700。在这种情况下，电阻器310被布置在导热塑料700上，并且与导热塑料700直接或间接接触。也就是说，电阻器310可以直接附接到填充在接收凹槽G中的导热塑料700。可替选地，TIM 600可以插入电阻器310和导热塑料700之间。
另外，冷却设备200可以包括从接收凹槽G的底部向上突出的多个散热片210，以最大化冷却设备200和导热塑料700之间的接触面积。
在下文中，将参考图5描述根据本公开的另一实施例的电池模块系统。
与如上描述的根据本公开的实施例的电池模块系统相比，根据本公开的另一实施例的电池模块系统包括两个冷却设备200，并且进一步包括阀门800，其余组件基本相同。因而，在描述根据本公开的另一实施例的电池模块系统时，在此省略与先前实施例相同的说明，并且将提供冷却设备200A和200B以及阀门800的详细说明。
参考图5，冷却设备200包括模块冷却设备200A和连接到模块冷却设备200A的电阻器冷却设备200B。电池模块100被布置在模块冷却设备200A上，并且电阻器310被布置在电阻器冷却设备200B上。
以与前述实施例相同的方式，电池模块100和模块冷却设备200A可以彼此直接或利用插入其之间的TIM 600间接接触。另外，电池模块100和模块冷却设备200A可以以与前述实施例相同的方式通过滑动耦合来紧固(参见图3)。
同样地，电阻器310和电阻器冷却设备200B可以以与前述实施例相同的方式直接或地利用插入其之间的TIM 600间接接触。另外，电阻器冷却设备200B的一侧上可以具有接收凹槽G，接收凹槽G可以填充有导热塑料700，并且散热片210可以以与前述实施例相同的方式从接收凹槽G的底部突出(参见图4)。
阀门800被安装在模块冷却设备200A和电阻器冷却设备200B之间以允许或阻止冷却流体在模块冷却设备200A和电阻器冷却设备200B之间流动。阀门800根据从BMS 500输出的阀门打开/关闭信号操作。
具体地，当传感器400检测到参考温度以上的电池模块100的温度或气体泄漏时，BMS 500输出阀门打开信号以允许在模块冷却设备200A中流动的冷却流体流经电阻器冷却设备200B。另外，在输出阀门打开信号之后，当传感器400检测到的电池模块100的温度低于安全温度或未检测到气体泄漏达预定时间或更长时，BMS 500输出阀门关闭信号以阻止流体在模块冷却设备200A和电阻器冷却设备200B之间流动。
如上所述，当在电池模块100的电池单体110中检测到过热或气体泄漏时，根据本公开的电池模块系统被配置成通过外部短路设备300降低电池模块100的能量水平，由此确保二次电池在使用时的安全性。另外，根据本公开的电池模块系统具有用于在通过外部短路设备300降低电池模块100的能量水平时快速冷却温度升高的电阻器310的结构。
另外，根据本公开的蓄能系统可以包括电池模块系统。此外，蓄能系统(未示出)可以包括在其中容纳电池模块系统的电池架壳体(未示出)。
此外，根据本公开的车辆(未示出)可以包括电池模块系统。此外，车辆可以是例如包括从电池模块系统供电的电动机(未示出)的电动车辆。
虽然上文已经关于有限数量的实施例和附图描述了本公开，但是本公开不限于此，对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，在本公开内容的技术方面和所附权利要求书的等效范围内，可以对其做出各种修改和改变。

Claims (12)

1.一种电池模块系统，包括：
冷却设备；
电池模块，所述电池模块被布置在所述冷却设备上，所述电池模块与所述冷却设备直接或间接接触；
传感器，所述传感器附接到所述电池模块以感测所述电池模块的温度或从所述电池模块产生的气体；
电池管理系统(BMS)，以参考从所述传感器传输的感测信号输出接通/关断信号；以及
外部短路设备，所述外部短路设备连接所述电池模块的正极和负极以引起所述电池模块的外部短路，所述外部短路设备包括：电阻器，所述电阻器被布置在所述冷却设备上，所述电阻器与所述冷却设备直接或间接接触；以及开关，以根据所述接通/关断信号将所述电池模块电连接至所述电阻器或将所述电池模块与所述电阻器电隔离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述电池模块包括通过堆叠多个电池单体形成的单体堆。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述电池模块包括分别耦合到所述电池堆的一侧和另一侧的一对汇流条框架。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述汇流条框架滑动耦合到所述冷却设备。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述冷却设备具有在一侧上形成至预定深度的接收凹槽，并且
所述接收凹槽填充有导热塑料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述电阻器被布置在所述导热塑料上，并且与所述导热塑料直接或间接接触。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述冷却设备包括从所述接收凹槽的底部突出的多个散热片，以最大化所述冷却设备与所述导热塑料之间的接触面积。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述冷却设备包括模块冷却设备和连接到所述模块冷却设备的电阻器冷却设备，并且
所述电池模块被布置在所述模块冷却设备上，所述电阻器被布置在所述电阻器冷却设备上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述电池模块系统包括安装在所述模块冷却设备和所述电阻器冷却设备之间的阀门，以允许或阻止冷却流体在所述模块冷却设备和所述电阻器冷却设备之间流动。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池模块系统，其中，所述BMS参考从所述传感器传输的感测信号输出阀门打开/关闭信号。
11.一种包括根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的电池模块系统的蓄能系统。
12.一种包括根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的电池模块系统的车辆。
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